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So.ulj)fnt*smtinrl.
COLU.MBI S, GEORGIA:
THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 27,1851.
The Schoolfellow.—We have received the March
number, which is, as usual, filled with matten* of intent
to the little Published, at per annum, by
Richards anti Walker, Clmrkx-ton. S. C.
‘♦The Soil of the South.”
The second number of this new Monthly has just
made its appearance, and fully sustain* the high ex
pectations excited by its first issue, as will be set*
from the following, its table of couteiits :
Drainage of Surface Water.
Brick Tile.
Compost for Com.
Stop anti Think.
The Baldwin Theory Again.
Mammoth Straw Cutter.
The Premium Lift—Suggestions.
Plantation Regulations.
Hones and Mules.
Rules for Measuring Com.
The State Fair—Letter fromthc Secretary.
‘Hie Cow Pea.
Mode of Planting Cotton.
Cotton Culture —Topping.
Chunnenuggee Circular
Premiums for Subscribers.
A New feature.
Rotation of Crops.
Renovation of Wont Out Lands.
Raising and Fattening Hogs.
Carden Work for February.
Native Fruit''.
Garden Borders.
Youths’ Department.
Washing Mixture.
Common Roads.
Home Truths for Home Consumption.
Botanical Contributions.
Notices of the Press.
Premium List ofMus. &i Rust-ell Agricultural Society.
Prospectus.
Advertisements.
This work promises to be of invaluable impor
tance to the agricultural and horticultural interests of
the South, and no one who is engaged in any way in
the culture of the soil should fail to become a sub
icriber to it. It is published on terms which place it
within the reach of every body, being only one dol
lar per annum. We extract from its columns, the
following notice of anew feature, which the editors
wish to introduce into its pages, and which can not,
tail to add to its increased value, not only to the
planter, but to the cotton buyer, the merchant, the
manufacturer, and every one who is in any way
interested in the great staple production of the South :
A SEW FEATURE.
With the v k*w to making The Sail of the South more
interesting and valuable, to its patrons, we are making
arrangements for introducing anew feature into its col
umns.
Many of our readers, doubtless, find their time so en
gaged in their ordinary pursuits, that they are unable to
devote that degree of attention to the current of news i
which is necessary to keep them familiar with the actual
condition of those great markets,in which they are ini- j
mediately interested. To supply this w ant, we intend
to tumi"h, in each number of this journal, a brief, but re- i
liable and comprehensive review of the markets of this
Country and Euro|ie,in which the present condition.the j
past mouth's operations, the fluctuations nod the causes
affecting them, arc. atone glance, presented to the reader.
M e shall also publish u comparative monthly price cur- !
rent of the several markets of New Orleans, Mobile, ;
•Savannah and Charleston, in which the reader may, at one j
view, compare the prices at which he can sell and buy, i
in each market. We are now engaged in securing the j
services of able and responsible correspondents at each
one of these places, who will regularly, immediately
preceding each issue, furnish our readers with all infor- J
niatiou of this character at the several points mentioned.
We hone to make this department one of great value, j
particularly to the planting intore'-t; and by taking care
to secure the very best authority, it shall be our aim to
give to our commercial head a character and standing
which shall be unsurpassed bv any other publication in
the country. Our readers will see at once the incalcula
ble importance of this feature, and we hope they will co
operate with us in carrying it into execution. This they
can do in two ways ‘.first, by sending us more sub
scribers-, and thus increase our ability to serve them, and,
secondly,by furnishing us, at different seasons during the
year, with notices of the growing crops, their conditions, |
prospects, etc. We earnestly invite our friends in every ‘
ice lion of the country, to open a correspondence with ;
ns on these points. Wo by no means expect to confine ■
our attention to the subject of making crops; we are in
terested in everything that concerns the crops and the i
soil of the South. We hope to be instrumental in doing :
good, not only by improving our modes of culture, but by
enlightening our readers on every thing that concerns
their interests.
Such a publication ns The Soil of the South ,
should be sustained by the Southern public, and we
are gratified in being able to state that the favor with
which the first number has been received, gives
abundant assurance of its success. Sec the prospec
tus in another place.
Psychology.
The curious in such matters will be pleased to know
that wo are to bo favored with another course of lectures
on the subject of Electrical Psychology. Prof. Yar
rangton, who has been spoken of in tho highest terms j
by the public print-, and whose experiments have been 1
the admiration and wonder of bis audience, has arrived
in this city, and will commence a series of lectures this
evening at Concert Haul. After the lecture, he will favor
the audience with some startling and convincing demon
strations of this strange science, by experimenting upon
subjects taken from the audience, liis subjects have gen
erally been gentlemen of the first respectability and in
telligence, and he has rarely failed to operate successful
ly upon them. His teims are 25 cents admission. *
-N. Orleans and her Rail Road Connexions.
Gov. Jones of Tennessee, has recently been ma-i
king speeches in New Orleans, for the purpose of
raising funds for the construction, of wliat is called, |
tho Memphis and Charleston Kail Road; and the
grounds upon which he rests bis application arc, first, j
that it will be beneficial to the trade of Now Orleans, j
and second, that the proposed road is to be a part of j
the great chain of communication between the North
and South.
The Memphis and Charleston Rail Road, is to run
from Memphis (Tenn.) to La Grange, from La Grange
to Tuscmnbia, Ala.; from Tuseumbia to Decatur;
from Decotur to Huntsville; from Huntsville through
Jackson county, Ala., to an intersection with the
Nashville and Chattanooga Rail Road, w here it cros
ses Crow creek ; making a total distance of two hun
dred eighty one and a half miles, which it is estimated,
will cost §3,500,000.
We have no disposition to disparage in the least,
the importance or the profitableness of the Memphis
and Charleston road ; we regard it as an enterprise
which is demanded by the wants of the country, and
one which promises to remunerate its owners. Our
only object is to expose the folly of the pretensions,
winch it makes to the patronage of New Orleans j
•capital. And first, as to the claim set up in favor
of this road, on the ground of its being a part of the
most direct route between New Orleans and New
A ork. The Memphis aud Charleston Road, we
have just seen, intersects the Nashville and Chatta
nooga Road at Crow creek, which is forty miles west ‘
of Chattanooga. From that point, the route, east, is
bv the way of Dalton and thence, north, bv the
Dalton and Knoxville Rail Road. It is probable,
however, that a Road will be chartered aud built
from Chattanooga to Cleveland, on the East Tennes
see Road, which would save a distance of forty miles,
by cutting off the angle made in running down to
Dalton. We will allow that road to be built, and it
will then be seen that the two routs, from Now Or
leans to New York, the one byway of Memphis,
and the other by the way of Mobile, and thence, by
the Mobile and Girard Road, through West Point
and Atlanta, will intersect each other at Cleveland,
on the East Tennesse Rail Road. From that point
to New A ork, the route is the same to both. In
estimating the comparative distance of the two
rentes, therefore, we have only to take into consider
ation the distance from Cleveland to New Orleans.
From Cleveland to Memphis the distance is 351
miles, and allowing, Gov. Jones’ rates, twenty five
miles per hour, the time required is fourteen hours.
From Memphis to New Orleans. Gov. Jones allows
two days and twelve hours, making the entire time
from Cleveland to New Orleans, three days aud two ‘
hour l We will now estimate the time over the
Mobile and Girard Rail Road, and through West
Point, Atlanta and Dalton. From New Orleans to
Mobile Bay fifteen hours ; from Mobile Bay to Co
lumbus, nine hours; from Columbos to Cleveland,
Tenn., ten and a half hours, making the total time
J one day and ten and a half hour*, a differanco of
j forty hours in favor of the lower route! A differ
ence, which, apart from the greater safety and certain
ty of the lower route, would always command the
mail and the great body of the through travel.
Th. re Is one feature of the case, in which the pro
posed road, as a line of travel, must prove detrimen
tal to the interests f New Orleans. Even with the
present defective state of communication between
New Orleans and New York, a large amount of
travel from the country lyiug on the Mississippi
above New Orleans, as far up even as St Louis, finds
its way to New York through New Orleans and
thence east, over the Rail Roads through Georgia aud
Carolina. And when the Girard and Mobile road
shall be completed, furnishing an easy, and expedi
tious connection between the Gulf and the Atlantic,
a still larger proportion of that travel would come
this way. But the proposed Memphis road will cut
it ofl entirely. The most direct as well as the safest
and cheapest communication between Northern
[ysiisiana, Arkansas, Missouri and North Mississippi,
and New York and the other eastern cities, will be
o\er this road. It seems, therefore, that Gov. Jones
is not only mistaken in the idea that this road is to
j furnish to New Orleans, the shortest route to the
; North but, that, so far as that connection is to affect
New Orleans at all, it is to be to her injury.
As to the second point in the argument of Gov.
Jones, we think it equally fallacious. The trade of
Memphis amounts now to 125,000 bales of Cotton—
-1 almost all of which goes to New Orleans. The
I Tennessee valley, it is estimated, sends 130.000
; bales of Cotton to market, and without the road in
question, we are left to infer that the whole of this
will be lost to New Orleans. Let us see how
; the Governor makes out this part of bis case.
Suppose the road is not built, what will be
\ franc of it? can it reach the Atlantic? That is out
of the question without the aid of this very road
which Gov Jones is trying to build. It is by that
road alone that West Tennessee is ever to be opened
t to the Atlantic ports; it is by that road alone that :
cities of the Atlantic can ever compete with the
cities of the Gulf for the trade of this section. Will
it go to Mobile ? The projectors of what is known
as the Mobil* and Ohio Rail Road, claim the Mem
phis road as a tributary. But even if they are mis—l
taken in this, it is a very demonstrable ease that the j
extension of the Memphis road to the cast of its in- ;
terseetion with the Mobile and Ohio road will never j
command any of the trade which would otherwise
1 have been secured by the Mobile road. The road, !
therefore, which is already graded, from M<m,>his to
La Grange will secure to just as much in j
| the competition with Mobile, as can be hoped for ,
from an extension of th* Memphis and Charleston j
road. We have before us the Report of .Mr. Gar ;
j nett, the Chief Engineer of the Memphis Road, sub- j
milted to the last annual meeting of the Directors, i
i from which we may make an extract, calculated to 1
reflect some light upon the question of how it is to
effect the trade of New Orleans. He says :
j
‘‘ As long as Cotton tears a remunerating priee, the
couuties along the Memphis and Charleston railroad will i
find it to their interest to cultivate the staple chiefly.— i
| Virginia will bo supplied with cotton from the valley of j
i the. Tennessee, through this railroad, and will exchange j
j [or it hot salt, plaster, manufactured tobacco and flour.— j
This exchange of commodities, together with the local !
travel of the immense population which will spring up
in this fertile region, will of themselves be sufficient to i
support the road.”
And again:
“Charleston and Savannah will undoubtedly receive
important benefits from this work, as the heavy acricul- i
i tural tonnage, destined for exportation, will reach the i
| sea-board, in the shortest distance, at those points. -
1 Much of the cotton will go to Virginia to supply the !
i home demand, but the more southern ports will be near- :
e=t to the producing region.
“ No argument is needed to prove to those cities the
: value of this Western trade. ‘1 he great impulse which
they have already received from tho roads penetrating
| Georgia and the borders of Tennessee, will serve as de
i monstration clearer titan words could make.”
It is remarkable, in view of the incalculable ben
efit which, according to Governor Jones, is to re
sult to the trade of New Orleans, from the con
struction of this road, that the Engineer, Mr. Gar
nett, should have entirely overlooked it in his re
pmt. lie alludes frequently to the markets of
Charleston and Savannah, and the only reference
which we find in the whole report to the trade of New
’ Orleans, is in these words: “ Whether the products
j of this (the Tennessee) valley shall seek a market in
; the cities of Charleston and Savannah or in New Or
\ leans, is a matter of indifference to the company, and
j that must be decided by the inducements which each
I city shall offer as a market.” To sum tho whole
i matter up, the only way in which the trade of New
j Orleans can possibly be affected by the construction
I of the Memphis and Charleston Rail Road, is to bring
j it into competition with tho markets of the Atlantic.
Gov. Jones might have gone to Charleston or Savan- !
nalt aud have made the very speech which so much j
I electrified the people of the Crescent City ; the only !
difference being that it would have been much more I
, reasonable in the former cities than in the latter.
In this connexion we may appropriately introduce j
i the following extract from a letter written by V. K. ‘
Stevenbon, Esq., President of the Nashville and 1
•; Chattanooga Rail Road, to the Mayor of Charleston, j
bearing date the 17th inst. He says :
! “We have a good prospect now of a road to Louis
j vine, Ky., to Cairo, and to Memphis. Tenn., all of which
j w dl most certainly be under way within the next twelve
months.
| “We find the whole valley of the Mississippi direct
ing their main lines of improvement to Nashville, and
bv that hoping to reach an outlet to their surplus pro
; duets through ( harleston ; and I have consequently
i watched, with interest, the movements of your State
and City, in preparing for direet shipments and int
! ports, by which you city will be raised to a most en
viable position in the country. If you will examine tho
census returns, you will see that the country immediate
ly surrounding Nashville, say. Alabama, Mississippi,
Missouri, Illinois, Indians, Ohio and Kentucky, are
growing with a giant stride unheard of in the annals of
man, and our road, with the roads making and contem
plated from all these directions, will place Charleston
| nearer to the principal cities of these States than any
; Atlantic port North of it: and the di-astrous casualties
on the waters of tho Mississippi recently, contribute to
develope and forward this natural tendency to reach the
Atlantic at the nearest point, and wc are at Nashville,
preparing ourselves to forward this tendency by subscrib
ing liberally to improve the river, and to the three rail
roads, one from Louisville, one from Cairo, and one to
Columbia, Tennessee, and on the Big Bend of the Ten
! nessee River.”
That our object in all we have said may not be
j misunderstood, we repeat, that it has not been our
intention to disparage the Memphis road. We have
only wished to show that it had no sort of claim up
on the capital of New Orleans, and also to vindicate,
from the secondary importance to which Gov. Jones
has subjected it. the great work of internal improve- j
ments, now in progress between this city and the
waters of the Mobile Bay. The Mobile and Gi
rard Rail Road, with its eastern connections, approxi
mate's more nearly to an air line between New Or- I
leaus and New York, than any other contemplated
mode of steam communication. The length of an j
air line between those two points is about 1,060 miles.
The whole distance by the way of Memphis is 2,000
miles, 800 of which is by water. The whole dis
tance by tho way of the Girard Rail Road is 1428
miles. 160 of which is by water, showing a differ
ence in the entire distance in favor of the Girard
route of 5.2 miles, and a difference of steamboat
travel in its favor of 600 miles. Allowing twenty
miles per hour, as the rate of Rail Road travel, and |
twelve tor steamboats, the time required over the
Memphis route is 126 hours; and the same rates
j over the lower route would require 81 hours, show
ing a difference in time, in favor of the Girard route ■
of 45 hours, a fact which, without further argument, I
at onee establishes the superiority of the Girard, over |
, the Memphis route, for all purposes of travel and
mail transportation. M e have already pursued this
: subject to the exclusion of our usual variety of ed
torial miscellany, and must defer its further consul- ;
, eration to another time.
Wayside Notes of a Tonr through Germany
M'e make the following extracts from a private
letter written by a young American now in Europe.
! The letter was not designed for publication, but mav
I not prove less interesting on that account:
j * * * * Arrived at Nuremberg at 6, P. M.—
I As we rode through the old gates of the eitv, the
j moon was silvering her antique turrets and walls. I
■ was enchanted ; all my romantic fancies came over
me with a gush. Here, was old feudal history pictured
: tome by one coup d'cetl. * * * * Monday,
we started with our valet dc place. Visited first
the Church of St. Lawrence —not large, not a Ca
thedral. properly—but certainly one of the most beau
-1 tiful ecclesiastical edifices I ever inspected. I could
not believe that cold stone could work upon one so.
If I am any judge, the style is of the purest Gothic.
This, and the church of St. Ouen, at Rouen, have
pleased me more than any I have yet seen. The
“ Volkamer M'indow,” so called from the family
which presented it to St. Lawrence Church, is said
to be the finest specimen of painted glass in Europe.
It represents the pedigree of Christ—the colors, some
time gorgeous, sometimes shaded with the greatest
delicacy, fairly riveted my attention. I returned to
this church tw ice before I left the city—the last time
alone, so as to enjoy my thoughts and gaze at my lei
sure. * * * * Visited the Church of St. Se
bald, older and not so fine, contains a very curious
piece of art. a bronze repository of the remains of St.
| Sebald. most admirably executed. Visited the “Ra
thauso ” or “ Hotel de Ville,” ornamented by fres
coes of Albert Durer. But the most curious tiling
i about it, is its subterranean passages? constructed to
enable the wealthy bourgeoise to escape in time of
siege—these passages leading out beyond the walls.—
The guide kindly unbolted one of them, and S. and
myself attempted to traverse it, but we found it so
damp and the walking so bad, that, by the advice
of the guide, we gave it up ; but I was really anxious
to thread one of those holes, dug out some four centuries
since. M'e found here, also, torture chambers, the
rack in one still existing—others where prisoners
were kept in stocks sometimes for years. In these
rooms not one ray oflight ever found its straggling
entrance; all this gave me a horrid idea of the method
of dealing, in those times, with criminals and politi
cal enemies. This labyrinth of passages had all to be
explored with guides and lamps. Next visited the
old Castle, which stands on an eminence overlooking
the city, is remarkable for its great antiquity, found
ed at least as far back as 1024, and one of its cliap
e's as far back as 912, was once the favorite resi
dence of the German Emperors. The Conrads, the
Hen rys, old Barbarossa, all have slept, ate, intrigued
within those old walls, and prayed in those damp
chapels, still ornamented with horrid images of the
Virgin. There was pleasure in this thought, as
I wandered through those now deserted cham
bers. The Castle is surmounted by several antique j
watchtowers, which, by moonlight, must give a ro
mantic eftlct. From tho tops of these, the old “ Kai
sers ” could look out exultingly upon their broad do
minions. In the Court yard stands a lime tree, said
te be 700 years old. Os course, such a place is in
teresting from mere association's sake. The bare walls
the lower ceiling, the silent chambers echoing to your
footsteps, speak most eloquently to an imaginative
mind. Knowing tho general history, knowing the
character of the several Emperors, I didn’t care to
know the precise details. I could have stood by the
hour gazing from the old tower windows out upon the
quaint roofs of Nuremberg, and upon the broad
plains beyond the city walls, and think, passing in re
view those mail-clad warriors, who had made Europe
quake. This indefinite musing, without being ob
liged to account for your thoughts, is to me half the
pleasure of travelling, I went out, also, to St, John's
Cemetery, where are buried the greater part of Nu
remburg's civic noblesse, merchant nobles. The
stones arc mere flat covers to family vaults, sur
mounted by the arms of the family. The ground
was “ chock full.” Hero I found Albert Durer’s
grave, and Hans Sachs’, the famous cobbler poet of
Nuremberg. He is mentioned, you know, in the
first part of D’Aubigne's history. Albert Durer’s
house is religiously preserved, exteriorly, at least, just
as he left it. He, by the way, is the great lion of i
Nuremburg. Os course you know his history—paint- j
er. poet, architect, engineer and victim of a scolding :
wife. The interior of his house was altered before j
the Nurembergers were fully alive to the necessity of
preserving all possible memorials of their great ar
tist. A company of artists preserves it from further
iujury. I passed by Hans Sachs’ house, but it has
been much altered; a portrait of him, very well
done, with a flowing beard and a fiery eye, adorns
the front. I mounted, also, to a curious old room,
ornamented with a pannclling of lime wood put to
gether without nails! I visited it, not because of its
pannelling, but because of its associations. It had
been occupied by Emperor Maximilian Ist, and by
the Duke of Alva. Nor did I care so much for the
first as to see where the bloody old villain Duke had
once slept. 1 f you ask me why—the source of such euri
osity, I can’t tell you, I only know the curiosity is ir
resistible.
On the afternoon of Tuesday, we took a carriage 1
and rode out to Furlh* three or four miles from Nu- :
remberg, to visit one of the battle grounds of M'al- i
lenstein and Gustavus Adolphus. The entrench- j
ments of Wallenstein, on a woods-d hill, not far from .
Furth, still remain. The head-quarters of Gustav as |
Adolphus were in the town ;we rode by them.— ‘
It was easy to see, from the position of Wallenstein’s !
camp, why Gustavus Adolphus, failing for the first :
time in his life, was obliged to retreat. Two such
generals could succeed one against the other, onlv by ’
some accidental superiority of position. This battle
is well described in Murray. You will see that Gus
tavus would never have attempted the storming of
M allenstein’s camp, but from the desperation of fam
ine. I was much interested in visiting this spot. I ;
like to pass over historical places—it makes one's fu
ture reading much more graphic, or rather distinct.
This finished our sight-seeing in Nuremburg. But
it is not in such things that thecharm lies. One is bet- !
ter pleased in simply walking about gazing and
thinking. Every thing about you dates to another ,
period. Every building has its story to tell. Then j
the old ramparts which have stood the stoutest bat
terings. the houses adorned with projecting windows
and richly carved fronts, in fact, the all that you see
makes you stop and wonder. You can’t take a step
without prefacing it with a question. No where else,
have I found so much to interest me. M’atches were
first made here, called Nuremberg eggs, as all the ;
world knows—(we breakfasted on a couple ,) —the
air-gun and clarinet invented here, &e., Ac. Now
it is a famous mart for children’s toys. M ith this, I
must quit the city, not having said half I might saw
but time fails. I had one little episode in Nurem
burg which I must relate. I went out alone, (i. e.
without S.) to the cemetery, with our valet de place.
a funny old jigger. Passing by a certain house, he :
told me an American family lived there, from New
York, but he eouldn’t remember the name. I made
him go in and ask the servant. This family, he said.
had lived in Nuremburg some time, was rich, the ;
gentleman very amiable. Ac.. Ac. I was determin
ed to find out who it was. You would appreciate
this curiosity if you could understand how the very
words American family act upon me in this strange
land. He came back, saying it was a “ Mr. Toom
scum.” I was disappointed. “ Toomscum.” said I,
and I went on to the cemetery, trying to study out the
affinities between “ Toomscum ” and some Ameri
can name. I could not, and I really felt unwilling
to give the matter up. On return, the valet proposed
my entering : the old man eonldn't see any possible
objection to two countrymen's meeting each other.
The chance was too tempting to refuse—the house
stood out of the city, I could invade it just as cast
as not. I was determined to go ahead, stranger or
not. I could but be refused, and the family would
never know me. I sent bint in to inquire for the j
gentleman, he was not at home. M'ell. then, j
the ladies I was committed. Ask the ladies if j
a stranger. American, may be permitted to see
them. After a moment or two of suspense, be
brought back word “yes.” I mounted to the
saloon and was introduced to a family by the name
jof Dunscombe. Had a very pleasant call of half
’ hour, was invited to tea in the evening, accepted,
went and passed a couple of social hours, and come
home delighted with my adventure. The family is
fine, hearty, agreeable American. I shall always
thank them for their kindness to me. Mr. D. is a
New A ork merchant, is in Europe to educate liis
children, 3 daughters and 2 boys, the girls speak
German very well, the younger sprigs speak nothing
but German : have teen in Europe 3 or 4 vears.
Now’ we commence journeying again—M’cdnes-
day morning at 5 o’clock, we were in the oars, book
led for Leipzig. * * * We arrived at Leipzig at
94 o’clock, in a soaking rain, and hungry, having
eaten scarcely anything since 4 o'clock iu the morn
ing. Glad to find rooms and a fire at a first-rate
hotel. Thursday morning after breakfast, having but
2or 3 hours, I sallied forth with a valet to see the
eitv ; not much to see. M'ent to what is called the
Observatory—thence had a very good view of the
city below, and of the great battle-field of Leipzig,
where Napoleon received his first material defeat;
: the “ battle of the nations,’’ as the Germans call it.
The keeper of the Observatory pointed out to me the
position of the several .armies—very interesting.—
Next visited the place where the bridge was so pre
maturely blown up, you know: passing through the
street by which Napoleon retreated through a gall-
I ing fire from the Prussian tirailleurs on cither side,
j Next, the spot where Prince Poniatowski, in at
| tempting to swim the river, (Elster,) then choked
I with dead bodies, met with so melancholy a fate.—
It seems strange that he should not have reached the
opposite shore of so petty a stream, but I believe he
was wounded by a musket ball. Avery plain mon
ument adorns the spot where, four days after the
| event, his body was found. In a little building near
the spot, are preserved his saddle, a pistol found in
! liis belt, and several other little mementoes. Leip
j zig is a very thriving city, the suburbs very pretty.
I did not walk about it much, hoping to visit it again
at the time of its great spring fair.
EDITORIAL BREVITIES.
Mnj. Noah, an old and popular Editor, died
| in New York, on the IStli inst.
The lowa Legislature has passed a bill pro
hibiting the immigration of free negroes and mulat
toes into the State. Qucrc : does the provision in
. elude fugitive slaves ?
Mr. Ritchie lias announced his purpose to
retire from the Wash. Union , to be succeeded by Maj.
Donelson, of Tenn. His successor bas not yet defin
itely indicated his relation to the parties of the day,
but it is quite evident that he knows of no such or
ganization as the A a'ional Union party, and will
doubtless fall back upon the old democratic platform'.
Hamilton Fish has been elected Senator for
six years from the State of New York.
Benj. F. Wade, (MTiig) has been elected U.
S. Senator for six years from Ohio.
Chaplin, the negro stealer, failed to appear
on his trial, and has consequently forfeited his bond
of ,SIB,OOO.
Mr. Skinner, the editor of the Plough ,
Loom and Anvil , fell through the cellar door of the
Baltimore Post office on the 20th inst., and fears are
entertained as to his recovery.
Mr. Corwin, Secretary of the Treasury, is
reported seriously ill.
The Massachusetts Senatorial election has been
postponed two weeks.
A correspondent of the N. Y. Observer, writing
from Philadelphia, under date of the 13th inst., says,
“large handbills were posted about the streets yesterday,
warning all whom it might concern against ‘a slave
hunter from Maryland,’ whose hotel was given, as also
a minute de-cription of his person and dress.” One of
the ways of executing the fugitive bill!
According to the recent census, the population of
Alabama exceeds 800,000, Mississippi has a population
of (311,577.
The House of Representatives of the Ohio legis
lature, on the 12th inst., passed the following resolution,
relative to the Fugitive Slave Law, by a vote of 40 to 20.
“That our Senators in Congress be instructed, and our
Representatives requested, to use all honorable means to
obtain an immediate repeal, modification, or amendment,
of the act of Congress, usually styled the Fugitive Slave
Law, approved September 18, 1850.”
“THE SOIL OE THE SOUTH.”
NOTICES OF THE PRESS.
The Columbus Enquirer says:
“The first number of this work, so much need
ed in this section of the country, lias been issued,
and is now before us. We have barely had time,
since it was placed on our table, to glance over
its original and selected contents. Indeed, we
scarcely deem it necessary to look over them at
all—the characters of the Editors, their practical
knowledge of every thing connected with the
Agriculture and Horticulture of the South, is a
sufficient guaranty that their paper will not on
ly be well sustained in every department, but
that it will be the medium through which will be
received much important information to the til
lers of the earth. This is an age of progress
and improvement, and it is not to be borne, that
whilst every tiling else is moving forward, and
science applied to give value to every thing else,
that Agriculture and its sisters shall languish and
decay, for want of its application. One good,
practical, scientific farmer is,in real value, worth
a platoon of professional characters,and a whole
army of political demagogues. To become one,
however, it is important to take'an agricultural
paper, profit by the experience of others, and
gather the wisdom of all as it is spread in its
columns. From the slight view which we have
been enabled to take of the number before us,
The Soil of the South appears to be well printed
on good paper, and well filled with selected and
original articles. As it costs but One Dollar a
year, we presume that most of our readers will
address a short note to Wm. H. Chambers,Esq.,
obtain a copy, and judge for themselves.”
The Columbus Times:
“The first number of this Agricultural Month
ly has made its appearance ; and we congratu
late the enterprising proprietors and editors on
its neat typography, and the taste, industry and
talent displayed in its columns. We commend
it to the zeaious support of the Southern Plant
ing public.
“Tlie paper is published under the auspices of
the Muscogee and Russell Agricultural Society,
and is under the editorial charge of Col. James M.
Chambers and Charles A. Peabody, Esq. Each
number contains sixteen pages, quarto size,
and is published at one dollar per annum, in
advance.
“We wish the Editors every success and con
gratulate the Planters of the South on an acqui
sition so useful and instructive to them.”
The Savannah Republican :
“We again commend it most strongly to the
favor of our readers. No planter in Georgia or
Florida should live without it: none, we are con
vinced, will do so without being a loser thereby.”
The Augusta Constitutionalist:
“Mr. Charles A. Peabody, a gentleman of
high reputation as an agricultural writer, and as
a skillfull farmer, and Col. James M. Chambers,
an energetic planter, and highly intelligent man,
are the editors.
“ The Soil of the South is a handsome quar
to, published at Columbus, (Ga,) monthly, at $1
a year. The typographical appearance of the
first number is very neat, and the contents give
abundant promise of its proving a useful and
valuable publication to our Southern planters
and farmers.
“It isgratilying to see these indications of in
creasing attention to Agriculture, and to the
importance of bringing to the aid of the planter j
and farmer the lights of scientific investigation
and of practical experience.”
The Madison Visitor:
“We predict tor it a wide popularity. The i
Editors are gentlemen of ability, and have de- ;
voted years to the study and practice of agricul- j
| ture. Their efforts to develop? the agricultural
I resources of Georgia deserve success/’
The Southern Christian Advocate:
“It is the organ of the ‘Muscogee and Russell
’ Agricultural Society.’ It consists of 16 pages,
quarto, well printed: an ample variety of articles,
! for the most part original and valuable, and pro- \
mises, if sustained in the spirit and with the
ability of its start, to make the most readable,
useful and able Agricultural paper in the South, j
It is published monthly, at one dollar a year in I
advance. We wish it the largest patronage and
; success, and a long life of usefulness.”
The Southern (Milledgeville) Recorder:
“We have received the first number of this
, agricultural paper, published in Columbus, bv
W. H. Chambers, and Edited by Col. James M.
i Chambers and Charles A. Peabody. We only
! know the latter gentleman by his various eon
t ‘ibu bus to the cause of the agriculture of the
South. Judging from these, the readers of this
new agricultural, will derive both instruction
and pleasure from the labors of Mr. Peabody.
With the junior Editor, we have been long ac
quainted, and that acquaintance authorizes us
1 to say, that he is just the man to take hold of
: such a paper, to benefit the people and the coun
! try. With ample capacity and experience, he
knoics what he writes about; a practical, an
observant and successful planter, as he succeeds
i so well himself in this noble calling, he has on
ly to inform others of his means of doing so, to
: be believed in and followed by them, and to do
, his part towards the success of the great agri
j cultural interest of the South.
“We wish him and his enterprise, all manner of
j success—and cordially commend The Soil of
the South, to all who may desire a good agri
cultural paper. The price of the paper is one
| dollar a year.”
i The Federal Union :
“ The first number, gives promise of one of
the ablest and most interesting agricultural pa
pers, published in this country. We commend
it to public favor.”
The Mobile, (Ala.) Tribune:
• “The numt>er before us is very handsomely
printed and indicates a high degree of editorial
: ability. We wish it all success.”
The Montgomery, (Ala.) Advertiser:
“We are much gratified at the appearance of
i this work so near us ; and hope that its projec
! tors will reap a lull harvest for their toil. The
■ advantages of a periodical of this kind to the
practical and scientific planter ami horticultu
rist arc too obvious to need recounting ; in fact,
; no well informed farmer should be without it,
I particularly where it can be had for such a
| small amount— one dollar per annum, payable
in advance. It is published by a committee and
is under the Editorial supervision of Charles A.
Peabody, Esq. and Col. James M. Chambers;
| gentlemen well versed in the business they have
j undertaken. The first number is very neatly
j executed, and well filled with various and inter
: esting articles upon subjects to which the work
I is devoted.”
: The Mobile, (Ala.) Advertiser :
i “This is anew paper, the first number of
; which, well filled with the best of reading mat
! ter upon the subjects upon which it treats, is
; before us. It is to be published monthly in
quarto form. The typography is uncommonly
j good, and the original and selected articles will
| compare favorably with any similar publication
! North or South. The Soil of the South is to
be under the editorial charge of Charles A. Pea
! body, Esq., and Col. James 51. Chambers, the
, former having been for some years connected
j with the agricultural press, and the latter is one
of the best planters in the South. The price is
only one dollar per annum, and anyone sending
four dollars can get five copies. Such papers
are much needed at the South, and ought to
succeed.”
The Tuskegee, (Ala.) Republican :
“The object otitis primarily to advance the
interests of agriculture ; arid secondarily, in their
j connection with this subject, the interests of all
! the physical resources of the South. This is
j a high and noble object, and worthy of all praise,
i and we hope the publishers will be well reward
ed for their undertaking. The table of contents
ot this first number promises an agricultural feast
not often enjoyed. We think we can confident
ly invite the public to a seat around the board,
and to assure them that they will not go away
j dissatisfied.”
| The Chambers, (Ala.) Tribune:
“ r I he publication of this periodical, devoted to
agriculture and the general interests of the plan
ter, has been commenced at Columbus, Georgia.
It was got up under the auspices of a society of
farmers of Muscogee and Russell counties, and
may therefore be fairly considered as a joint Al
abama and Georgia enterprise. Os its merits,
thus tar, we think highly; and we are entirely
candid when we say that the farmers in this re
gion ought, every one , to subscribe for it. It is a
home publication', conducted by men who have
already shown their capacity: it is adapted to
this particular meridian; and it re* furnished at
; a price ($1 00) that stops the mouth of poverty
j itself, as to complaint on that score. If the
Southern people would ever attain to real inde
; pendence ot all other sections, the first step in
! that direction is, to foster just such enterprises
!as this. Our resources of every sort must be
j developed, and this can never be done without
the diffusion ol knowledge on agriculture and
kindred subjects. We cculd be a great people if
we would; but with all our boasting about
‘Southern Rights,’ our people generally would
rather pay two dollars for a wishy-washy Phila
delphia ‘family paper,’ not worth a groat, than
one dollar for a homo printed agricultural paper
lull ot matter of tire greatest interest and im
portance in practical life. We would not give a
cent for the devotion to the Sunny South of that !
man who does not take a Southern Agricultural j
periodical, if lie be a farmer. However, we will j
say, for the credit of our people, that it is only
the most ignorant of our farmers that now hold ]
agricultural papers in contempt. Those who
do subscribe tor such publications, begin to see :
the pecuniary gain ; and their neighbors begin,
in some instances, to ‘smell a mouse.’
“Any one who wishes to subscribe for the
Soil of the South, can get the opinion of such
men as Col. slorris Towles and others here- :
abouts, ot its merits. slr. Peabody, the editor,
is a good writer and a practical farmer, and, we
think, has unusual facility in imparting the in
formation he possesses on the subjects of farm
ing, gardening, &c. We are sure that he will
make this a valuable paper. Just send §1 by
mail, to Wm. H. Chambers, Publisher. Colum
bus, Ga.”
The Selma, (Ala.) Reporter :
“It is an interesting and useful paper, worth
double the subscription—one dollar a year. Such
papers we notice with pleasure, and recommend
to our readers. We go in for supporting home
papers, home industry, home every thing.”
HON. HOWELL COBB.
‘ldre Journal 4 1 Messenger, in noticing the
arrival of this gentleman in Macon, makes
the following significant announcement:
“W e see it noted in some of the Northern
papers, accompanied with expressions of deep
regret, that the national councils are likely to
lose his valuable services. If such should be
the case, we trust that the Nation’s loss may
be Georgia’s gain, dec.”
This is very important news to the people j
of Georgia. Without consulting the citizens !
of the State, it is first announced in Northern
papers, that Mr. Howell Cobb is to be the
next Governor of Georgia, for that is evi
dently what the Journal Messenger means,
and is ready to acquiesce in. Times have
changed considerably within a few years.—
Once Georgia nominated her own Governors,
now they are nominated at the North. This
is a very covenient and cheap way for the
North to pay Southern politicians for their i
services; the South, as usual, has to foot the
bill. Is it possible that Georgians have alrea
dy fallen so low as to receive their Governor
at the dictation of the North ! But, perhaps, [
we ought to consider ourselves very fortunate |
in having a Governor given us by the politi- ‘
cians at Washington. Mississippi had her]
Governor taken away by Federal authority. J
How happy is Georgia in being a favorite at j
the North; she has a Governor provided fd-1
her, without the trouble of choosing one for her- j
self.— Albany Patriot.
The Ohio Constitution was adopted ih !
the recent convention of that State—yeas 10,
nays 14. It is to be submitted to a vote of
the people on the third Tuesday of June, and. i
if approved, elections will take place under it
the second Tuesday in October, at which j
j time a Governor, Lieutenant Govenor, Legis- !
lature, five Supreme Judges, a large number i
’ of District Judges, Clerks of Courts, and all j
; county officers are to he elected.
The Censes of the United States.— !
The W ashing ton Globe, in a review of the cen
sus of the United States as flr as ascertained, ]
says that the results are curious, and soine
| times startling. Ten years ago W isconsin
had a population of 31,000, and now it has
| 305,000! lowa of 43,000, now 175,000!
The greatest absolute increase has been in
the State of Ohio, now 2,150,000, in 1840,
1,420,000. The greatest relative increase
has been in Y\ isconsin. California we regard
as an exceptional case, otherwise she shows
the greatest relative increase of more than
two thousand per cent, in two years. Her
population is now not much under 200,000,
j probably. The smallest absolute increase has
j been in Delaware, now 90,407, in 1810, 78,-
j 085. The smallest relative increase has
, been in Vermont, now 314,332, in 1840,
291,218. The slave States show a popula
tion of about 9,000,000 in numbers, in 1840
jit was 7,222,000. The population of the
I District of Columbia was, in 1840,33,745; it
is now 54,000 —showing a considerable in
crease, and this, we presume, is exclusive of
I the portion retroceded to Virginia, about one
third as regards territory, but much less as
j regards population.
[From the Mobile Tribune.]
JOHN RANDOLPH.
The National Intelligencer recently pub
lished what is called an extract from one of
j John Randolph’s speeches in Congress, and
suggested that it should be engraved on the
portals of the capitol. Here it is:
“The very mention of a disunion of the
I States is a great public injury. It goes to
unhinge the tone of the public mind. It
makes men acquainted with the possibility of
things, and once admitted into their breasts,
they will not contemplate it with that abhor
rence in which it ought to be held by even
true patriot.”
When that was declared by Randolph, the
Union was not as the Union of the present
day. The South had not then shown hero
ism as great as that displayed by our revolu
tionary sires to win territories of which they
have been despoiled by felonious laws. —
“(’ircumstaiices alter cases” hi the minds of
all men, except the old fogies who Subsist or
expect to subsist on the United States treas
ury. John Randolph was not one Os this
breed. Os all men in the world, he was the
last to have turned around to thank those
who wronged him—kicked him in the public
highway. ‘To quote him, therefore, in favor
of the present glorified submission, is to make
a lie of history—it is to eke out the fag-ends
of facts to make them prove and illustrate a i
down rigid falsehood.
Let us see a little farther into this. The
Richmond Examiner published four resell]- j
tions of a series offered by John Randolph,
at a meeting held i:i Charlotte county, Vir- !
ginia, on the 4th of February, 1833, a few
months before his death. They are taken j
li'om the official record of the proceedings, I
which says that “Mr. Randolph, though in a
state of extreme feebleness, made his appear
ance last night and to-day at 12 o’clock,]
spoke a few minutes, hut soon sat down ex- j
hausted, and continued to speak sitting,
though sometimes for a moment the excite- ]
ment of his feelings brought him to his feet.
He ended his speech by moving a'set of res
olutions.”
Here are four of that “set”:
Resolved, That Virginia is, and ought to
he a free, sovereign and independent State ;
that she became so by her own separate act,
which has since been recognized by the civ
ilized world, and has never been disavowed,
retracted, or in any wise impaired or weak
ened by any subsequent act of hers.
Resolved, That when, for purposes of corrV
! mon defence and common welfare, Virginia
entered into a strict league of amity and al
liance with the other twelve colonies of Bri
tish North America, she parted with no
portion of her sovereignty; although, from
the necessity of the case, the authority
to enforce obedience therto was, in certain
cases and for certain purposes, delegated to
the common agents of the whole Confed
eracy.
Resolved, That Virginia has never parted
with the right to recall the authority so dele
gated, for good and sufficient cause, nor with
the l ight to judge of the sufficiency of such
cause, and to secede from the Confederacy
whensoever she shall find the benefits of Union
exceeded by its evils; Union being the means
of securing liberty and happiness, and not an
end to which these should he sacrificed.
Resolved, That the allegiance of the peo
ple ot \ irginia is clue to her—that to her
their allegiance is due, while to them she j
owes protection against the consequences of
such obedience.
If any one hereafter shall attempt to quote
Mr. Randolph as an example of meekness in
bearing contumely, or being kicked and bus- I
feted, we hope these resolutions will be read :
in the ear of the person so quoting him.
We can very well appreciate John Ran
dolph’s love of the Union—nav, can under
stand how, what are called “fire-eaters” may
love the L nion much better than those who
apply the epithet to them—hut it is a Union of
justice. Any man who will love any other
sort of Union has within him neither the ele
ments of true manhood nor the spirit of a true
American. It is to keep the Union in a con
dition that true men may love and respect it,
that the agitation in the South is intended,
and the greatest enemies both to the South
and the Union, in our opinion, are those who
servilely submit to see it impaired, abused and
reduced to such a pass that honest men are
obliged to lose their reverence for it.
THE COTTON CROP.
Mr. F. Robinson, Cotton Broker, of Mo
bile, informs the Herald that he has been for
warding circulars to all the receiving points
on the three principal rivers of that State, and
that the answers thereto leave no doubt on his
mind that not more than 80,000 bales remain ;
to come to Mobile. This, with the quantitj
already received, would make 407,177 bales
for the season.
The Cotton Crop.—The New Orleans
Bee of the Ist instant, in its report of the
market, makes the following remarks :
“Many holders have, however, withdrawn
stocks altogether, feeling confident that at a i
later period, prices will materially recover
from their present position.
“Thus far, the long crop men have gained
a decided victory, achieved to be sure at the
sacrifice of truth and veracity, but when did
a Cotton operator ever take such trifles into
consideration. The mischief has been ac
complished, and will be remedied just in time
to find that we have parted with the bulk of
the crop of our Transatlantic brethren at re
munerating prices—to themselves.”
Cotton.—-Our Telegraphic despatch shows
another tumble of prices in the Liverpool mar
ket. A panic has struck cotton, and “no
mistake.” That it Is a panic and nothing
else, we fully believe. The world at peace,
money and credit easy* manufacturing pros
perous, and the raw material scarce, there is
not a solitary sound reason for the decline of
3or 4 cents within the past six weeks. No
] one, we believe, except Mr. Gwathmey, esti-
I mates the crop over 2,200,000 bales. He
! sticks to his extravagant figures. And be he
a true or a false prophet, he has the rUin of
hundreds of families to answer for. Whetl
the world gets over its fright, when tho En
| glish have dipped pretty deeply into the mar
ket, and reason and facts resume their legiti
mate sway over the minds of men, prices will
halt in their downward tendency and react.
They may go still lower before this happens,
for when confidence is lost there is no telling
to what figure it will drop. But the pendu
lum must swing back with the same, force and
momentum with which it swings forward.—
Meantime planters who are not obliged to sell
had better hot increase the panic by forcing
their crops on the market.— Columbus , (Ga.,)
Times.
Cotton.-*—The New Orleans Bee of the
2‘2d ult., in speaking of the extent of the crop,
j remarks:
“With regard to the crop, we have nothing
new to offer, considering it, as we do, a fixed
fact, the production will not exceed 2,200,-
! 000 hales. If we adhere to this opinion ex
pressed in October last, and reiterated since
over and again, it arises not from obstinacy,
but from a firm conviction that the growth of
1850 never amounted to more. Placed in a
fortunate position for observation, and having
at our command, the most reliable sources of
information, it would be strange, indeed, if we
were to fall into any material error on the
subject. Hence it has never occurred to us
to he betrayed into foolish estimates, and hav
ing no interests to subserve, it is not likely
that we can be led astray by parties whoso
ignorance is too palpable to be mistaken, or
who have certain speculative purposes to ac
complish.”
The Mobile Advertiser, of the same date,
says, there has been a sensible falling off’ in
the receipts this week at that port.
[From the New Orleans Commercial Bulletin.]
ESTIMATES OF THE COTTON CROP.
Below I hand you estimates of the Cotton
j crop—if they he wrong in any part, I wish to
have the error pointed out, and seme good
reason given to show that it is an error. In
many instances, I think, tho figures are too
high,- and think I ventured little in asserting
that I can show more clearly, that some’ es
timates are too low, than any person can show
that any oh'e'of the estimates is too high. If
these estimates are any where near correct,
is it not manifest that sortie very extraordi
nary causes are, and have'been, at work, pro
ducing the present depressed prices? I ask
! all parties interested in the great staple of
the South, to inquire into this matter —if
there are errors in the estimates, point them 1
out, and if there are “extraordinary causes”
at work, point them out too. My object is to
arrive at the truth—the’ whole truth—and
nothing but the truth :
Estimate of the Cotton Crop of 1850-5!
March 8, 1851.
Received at all the ports to date as
per Price Current - - 1,693,185’
Received, and now at interior towns, viz :•
Augusta & Ham. Feb. 1,’51 65,558’
Columbus, Ga “ 22, “ 17,741’
Macon, Ga. March 4, “ 17,780’
Montgo’rv, Ala. “ 1, “ 10,759
Memphis, Tenn. Feb. 18, “20,000 /
Columbia, S. C. “ 1, “ 5,000—142,838
Total received and on hand 1,836,023
Estimated amount to come from
sundry places :
Yazoo river and tributaries 20,000
Vic’y Memphis&Hatch.river 15,000
Tennessee river & Nashville 40,000
Arkansas rind White rivers 4,000
Red and Ouachita rivers 15,000
Scattering, fr6m Miss. River 15,000
Texas ------ 20,000
Tombigbee,War.&Ala.rivers4o,ooo
Interior o f Georgia - - 50,000
Interior of South Carolina 50,000’
Florida 40,000-309,000
Estimate of whole crop 1850-51 2,145,023
But there is to he deducted
from this amount Cotton
tobebo’tat Memphis for
manufacturing at the West
Pittsburg,'Wheeling, Wells
burg, and Caunelton 25,000
Deduct 5 per cent for short
weight ... - 106,000
Deduct for trash,motes and
unmerchantable Cotton, 20,000 —151,000
Leaving for the crop only 1,994,023
LATER FROM OREGON.
We take the few interesting items below,
concerning this country, from a correspond*
ent of the New Orleans Delta:
Astoria, O. TANARUS., Jan. 26, 1851.
Gentlemen : I have thought it altogether
probable that a letter from this distant country
would be interesting to your readers, and
have accordingly concluded to give you such
information as I have received from a few
months’ observation, or obtained from relia
ble sources, in the Columbia Valley.
It is believed that Oregon is destined, at no
distant day, to stand unsurpassed, if not un
rivalled, in wealth and commercial enterprise.
The soil of the Columbia and Wilhamette
valleys is as rich and productive as that of the
Mississippi, and to establish the fact, it need
only be stated that the yield of wheat is from
thirty to sixty bushels per acre, and that the
same quantity of ground will produce from
six to eight hundred bushels of Irish pota.
; toes.
But we regard the long, deep and broad
rivers, and the inexhaustible forests of the
country, as one of the most durable and im
portant sources of its wealth; £nd every
mind capable of contemplating the arrange
ments of nature, must admire the beautiful
harmony and adaptation displayed in stud
ding the banks of these great rivers and tke
shores of this mighty ocean, with all the con
veniences for facilitating the improvement
and aiding to secure the ultimate happiness
of man. The Father of Oceans dashes his
billows against an almost uniformly sterile
and barren beach, extending more than ten
thousand miles South; and were it not for the,
immense forests of Oregon, which are suffi.