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only of duties which are paid by the honest
one, and thus indirectly receives from the trea- j
eury of the United States a reward for his fraud
and perjury. The reports of the Secretary of
the Treasury heretofore made on this subject j
show conclusively that these frauds have been j
practiced to a great extent. Trie tendency is j
to destroy that high moral character for which |
our merchants have long been distinguished ; to ‘
defraud the Government of its revenue; to j
break down the honest importer by a dishonest i
Competition; and, finally, to transfer the buw- j
ness of importation to foreign and irresponsible j
agents, to the great detriment of our own citi- j
zens. I therefore again most earnestly reconi- i
mend the adoption of specific duties, wherever j
it is practicable, or a home valuation, to prevent
these frauds.
I would also again call your attention to the ;
fact that the present tariff in some cases impos
es a higher duty upon the raw materia! import
ed than upon the article manufactured from it,
the consequence of which is that the duty ope
rates to the encouragement of the foreigner and
the discouragement of our own citizens.
For full and detailed information in regard to
the general condition of our Indian affairs. I re
spectfully refer you to the report of the Secre
tary of the Interior and the accompany mg do- !
cuments.
The Senate not having thought proper to
ratify the treaties which had been negotiated ;
with the tribes of Indians in California and Ore
gon, our relations with them have been left in a
very unsatisfactory condition.
In other parts of our territory particular dis
tricts of country have been set apart for the j
exclusive occupation of the Indians, and their
right to the lands within those limits has been j
acknowledged arid respected. But in Califor
nia and Oregon there has been in recognition
by the Government of the exclusive right of .
the Indians to any part of the country. They j
are therefore mere tenants at sufferance, and j
liable to be driven from place to place, at the ;
pleasure of the whites.
The treaties which have been rejected pro- 1
posed to remedy this evil by ailoting to the dis- !
terrat tribes districts of country suitable to their ;
habits of life, and sufficient for their support, j
This provision, more than any other, it is be- ;
lieved, led to their rejection : and as no substi
tute for it has been .adopted by Congress, it has ;
not been deemed advisable to attempt to enter i
into new treaties of a permanent character, j
although no effort has.been spared by tempura- j
ry arrangements to preserve friendly relations .
with them.
If it be the desire ofCongress to remove them 4
from the country altogether, or to assign to ;
them particular districts more remote from the j
settlements of the whites, it will be proper to i
set apart by law the territory which they |
are to occupy, and to provide the means i
necessary for removing them to it. Justice j
alike to our own citizens and to the Indians ;
requires the prompt action of Congress on this j
subject.
The amendments proposed by the Senate, to ■
the treaties which were negotiated with the Si- j
oux Indians of Minnesota, have been submit- :
ted to the tribes who were parties to them, and j
have received their assent. A large tract of I
valuable territory lias thus been opened for set- j
tiement and cultivation, and all danger of col- j
lision with these powerful and warlike bands I
has been happily removed.
Tiie removal of the remnant of the tribe df ;
Seminole Indians from Florida has long been a •
cherished object of the Government, and it is j
one to which my attention has been steadily di- ;
rected. Admonished by past experience of the i
difficulty and cost of the attempt to remove j
1 them by military force, resort lias been had to j
conciliatory measures. By the invitation of the ;
of Indian Affairs several oi’ the !
priiiftimji* -chiefs recently visited Washington, j
and whilst heae acknowledged in writing tho !
obligation of theii.tgi|pJo remove with the least j
possible delay. I,ate adduces from tho special
agent of the Government reprint lhat they
adhere to their promise, and that a council of
their people has been called to make their pre
liminary arrangements. A general eufisyjatipm
may therefore be confidently expected at an
early day.
The report from tho General Land Office
shows incresed activity in its operations. The j
survey of the northern boundary of lowa has j
been completed with unexampled despatch.— j
Within the last year 9,522,953 acres of public ■
land have been surveyed, and 8.032,463 acres j
brought into market.
In the last fiscal year there were
sold 1,553.071 acres j
Located with bounty land warrants 3,201,314 “ j
Located with other certificates 115,682 “ |
Making a total of 4.870,067 “ |
In addition, there were—
Reported under swamp land grants 5,219,188 “ ;
For internal improvements, rail
roads, Ac. 3,025,920 “ j
Making an aggregate of 13,115,175 “ !
Being an increase in the amount of tends sold :
and located under land warrants of 569.220 ;
acres over the previous year.
The whole amount thus sold, located under
land warrants, ‘ reported under swamp land
grar)ts*.nd selected for internal improvements
ak&Cieds that of the previous year by 3.342,372;
acres; and the sales would, without doubt, have I
been much larger but for the extensive reserva- j
tions for railroads in Missouri, Mississippi, and .
Alabama.
For the quarter ending 30th September 1852
there were sold 243,255 acre?.
Located whh bounty land warrants 1,387,116 “
Located With other certificates 15.649 “
Reported under swamp land grants 2,485,233 “
Making an aggregate for the quar
ter of 4.131,253 “
Much the larger portion of the label - of ar
ranging and classifying the returns of the last
census has been finished,and it will now devolve
upon Congress to make the necessary provision
for the publication of the results in such form
as shall be deemed best. The apportionment of
representation, on the basis ot the new census,
has been made by the Secretary of the Interior
in conformity with the provisions of law relating
to that subject, and that the recent electioi s have
been made in accordance with it.
I commend to your tavorable regard the sug
gestion contained in the report of the Secretary
of th.e Interior that provision be made by law for
the publication and distribution, periodically, of
an analytical digest of all the patents which
have been or may hereafter be granted for use
ful inventions and discoveries, with such de
scriptions and illustrations as may be necessary
to present an intelligible view of their nature
and operation. The cost of such publication
could easiiv be defrayed out of the patent fund,
and I am persuaded that it could be applied to
no object more acceptable to inventors and ben
eficial to the public at large.
An appropriation of §IOO,OOO having been
made at the last session forlhe purchase ot a suit
able site, and for the erection, furnishing, and fit
ting up of an Asylum tor the Insane of the Dis
trict of Columbia,and of the Army and Navy of
the Uuited States, the proper measures have been
adopted to carry this becuicent purpose into et
feet.
By the latest advices from the Mexican Bound
ary Commission, it appears that the survey of the
river Gila, from its confluence with the Colorado
to its supposed intersection with the western line
of New Mexico, has been completed. The sur
vey of the Rio Grande has been finished from the
point agreed on by tiie'Comnnssmners as “the
point where it strikes the southern boundary of
New Mexico,’ 5 ftra point one hundred and ihirtv
five miles below Eagle Pass, which is about two
thirds of the distance along the course of the
river to its mouth.
The appropriation which was made at the last
session of Congress for <he continuation of the
survey is subject to the following proviso:
“Provided, That no part of this appropriation
shall fee used or expended until it shali iie made
satisfactorily to appear to the President of the
United States that the southern boundary of New
Mexico is not established by the commissioner and
surveyor of the United States, farther north of
the town called ‘Paso,’ than the same is laid down
in Disturnell’s map, which is added to the treaty. 5 ’
My attention was drawn to this subject by a
report from th# Department of tire Interior, which
reviewed all the facts of the case, and submitted
for my decision the question, whether, under ex
isting circumstances, any part of the appropria
tion could be lawfully used or expended for the
further prosecution of the work. After a careful
consideration of the subject, I came to the conclu
sion that it could not, and so informed the head of
that Department. Orders were immediately is
sued by him 10 tlte commissioner and surveyor,
to make no further requisitions on the Depart
ment, as they could not be paid ; and to discon
tinue ail operations on the southern line of New
Mexico. But as the Department had no exact in
formation as to the amount of provisions and mon
ey which remained unexpended in the hands of
the commissioner and surveyor, it was left dis
cretiooary with them to continue the survey
down the Rio Grande, as far as the means at their
disposal woniil enable them, or at once to disband
iiie Commission. A special messenger has since
arrived from the officer in chargeof the survey o:i
the river, with information that the funds subject
to his control were exhausted, and that tiie officers
and others employed in tiie service were destitute
aid. •of tiie means of prosecuting the work and
of returning to their homes.
The object of tiie proviso was, doubtless, to ar
rest tiie survey ol the southern and western lines
of New Mexico, in regard to which different opin
ions have been expressed; for it is hardly to be
supposed that shere could lie any objection to tint:
part of tiie line which extends along the cliannei
of the Rio Grande. But ttie terms of the law
are so broad as to forbid the use of any part of
the money fur the prosecution of tiie work, or
even for the payment, to the officers and M erits,
of the arrearages of pay which are justiy due to
them.
i earnestly invite your prompt attention to this
subject, and recommend a modification of iheterms
of tiie proviso so as to enable the Department to
use as much of the appropriation as wili
be necessary to discharge lire .existing obligations
of the government, and to complete ihe survey of
the Rio Grande to its mouth.
It will also be proper to m ike further provisions
by iaw, for the fulfilment of our treaty with Mex
ico, for running and marking the residue of th?
boundary line between the two countries.
l’ermit me to invite your particular attention to
the interests of tiie District of Columbia, which
are confided by tiie Constitution to your peculiar
care.
Among the measures which seem to me of the
greatest importance to its prosperity, are the intro
duction of a copious supply of water into tiie
city of Washington, and tiie construction of suit
able bridges across the Potomac, to replace those
which were destroyed by high water ill the eariv
part of die present year.
At tiie last session of Congress an appropria- i
lion was made to defray tiie cost of the survey j
necessary tor determining the best means of af- |
fording an unfailing supply of good anJ whole ;
some water. Some progress has been made in
the survey, and as soon as .t is completed, the re- I
suit will be laid before you.
Further appropriations will be also necessary i
for grading and paving the streets arid avenues, j
and enclosing and embellishing the public grounds j
within the city of Washington.
I commend ali those subjects, together with the i
charitable institutions of tiie District, to your fa- i
vorable regard.
Every effort has been made to protect our from 1
tier, and that of tije adjoining Mexican Stales, j
from the incursions of tiie Indian tribes. Os about j
11,000 men of which tiie army is composed, near
ly 8,000 are employed in tiie defence of the new
ly acquired territory, (including Texas,) and of
emigrants proceeding thereto lain gratified to
say that these efforts have been unusually sue- i
cessful. With the exception of some partial out- ;
breaks in California and Oregon, and occasional i
depredations on a portion of tiie Rio Grande, ow- !
ing, it is believed, to tiie disturbed state of that j
border reigon, the inroads of the Indians have j
I eon effectually restrained.
Experience has shown, however, that whenever j
tiie two races are brought into contact, collisions j
wiii inevitably occur. To prevent these collisions )
the United States have generally set apart por- i
lions of their territory for ihe exclusive occupa- !
tion of the Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs, j
however, in the application of this policy to Texas, j
Bytjiie terms of the compact by which that State
was admitted into tiie Union, she retained the
o'wnevshijvcf the vacant lands vVithin her limits.
1 fie government of that State, it is understood,
has assigned no portion of her territory to the
Indians ; but as fast gs her settlements advance,
lavs it off into counties, and proceeds to survey
and sell U This policy manifestly tends, not-on
ly to aiartn and irritate the Indians, but to compel
them to resort to plunder for subsistence. It also
deprives this Government of that influence and \
control over them, without winch, no durable !
peace can ever exist between them and the whites. 1
1 trust, therefore, that a due regard for her own
interests, apart from considerations of humanity
and justice, will induce that Staie ;o assign a
smail portion of her vast domain for the provision
al occupancy of the smail remnants-of tribes !
within her border, subject of course, to her own- I
ership and eventual jurisdiction. If sltg should j
fail to do this, the fulfilment of our treaty stipula
tions with Mexico, and our duty to the Lydians j
themselves, will, it is feared, become a subject 1
of serous embarrassment to the Government. It
is hoped, however, that a timely and just provi
sion by Texas may avert this evil.
No appropriations for fortificatons were made
at tiie two last sessions of Congress. The cause
of this omission is, probably, to be found in a
growing belief, that the system of fortifications
adopted in 1816, and heretofore acted on, requires
revision.
The subject certainly deserves full and careful
investigation ; but it should not be delayed longer
titan can be avoided. In the meantime there are
certain works which have been commenced—
some of them neariy completed—designed to pro
tect our principal seaports from Boston to New
Orleans, and a few other important points. In re
gard to ihe necessity for these works, it is believ
ed that little difference of opinion exists among
military men. 1 therefore recommend that the
appropriations necessary to prosecute them be
made.
I invite your attention to the remark on this
subject, and on others connected with this Depart
ment. contained in the accompanying report of
the Secretary of War.
Measures have been taken to carry into eft’ ct
the law of the lasi session, making provisions for
ti.e improvement of certain rivers and harbors,
and if is believed that the arrangements made for
that purpose will combine efficiency with econo
my. Owing chiefly to tiie advanced season when
the act was passed, little has yet been done in
regara to many of tiie works, beyond making tiie
necessary preparations. With respect to a few
of the improvements, the sums already appropria
ted will suffice to complete litem, but most of them
will require additional appropriations. I trust
that these appropriations will be made, and that
this wise and beneficent poiiey, so auspiciously
resumed, will bo continued Great care should be
taken, however, to commence no work which i*
not of sufficient importance to the commerce ot
the country to be viewed as national in its char
acter. But works which have been commenced
should not be discontinued until completed, as
1 otherwise the sums expended will, in most casts,
be lost.
‘J'ite report from the Navy Department will in
form you of the prosperous condition of the branch
of the public service committed to iis charge. It
presents to your consideration, many topics and
suggestions of which I ask your approval. It
exhibits an unusual degree of activity in the ope
rations of the Department during the past year.
The Dreparations of tiie Japan expedition, to
which I have already alluded ; the arrangements
tuade for the exploration and survey of the Chi
na Seas,’ the Northern Pacific, and Behring’s
Straits; the incipient measures taken towards a
recount isance of the continent of Africa, east
wrrd of Liberia; the preparation for an eariy
examination of the tributaries of the River La
Plata, which a recent decree of the provisional
chief of the Argentine Confederation has opened
to navigation; all these enter prises, and the means
by which they are proposed to be accomplished,
have commanded my full approbation, and I have
no doubt, will be productive of most useful results.
Two officers of the navy were heretofore in
strucied'io explore the whole extent of the Aina
zom river, from tiie confines of Peru to its mouth.
The return of one of them has placed in the pos
session of the Government, an interesting and
valuable acccunt of the character and resources
of a country abounding in ffie materials of
commerce, and which, if opened to the industry of
the world, will prove an inexhaustible fund of
wealth. The report of this exploration, will be
communicated to you as soon S3 it is completed.
Among other subjects offered to your notice by
the Secretary of the Navy, I select for special
commendation, in view of its connexion with the
interests of the navy, the plan submitted by him
for the establishment of a permanent corps of sea
men, and the suggestions he has presented for the
reorganization of the Naval Academy.
In reference to the first of these, I take occa
sion to say that 1 think it will greally improve the
efiiicency of the service, and that I regard it as still
more entitle! to favor for the salutary influence it
must exert upon the naval discipline, now greatly
disturbed by tiie increasing spirit of insubordina
tion, resulting from our present system. The plan i
proposed for the organization of the seamen fur-|
nishes a judicious substitute for the law of Sep
tember, 1850, abolishing corporai punishment,
and satisfactorily sustains the policy of that act,
i under conditions well adapted to maintain the au
thority of comin and and the order and security
of our ships. It is believed that any change which
proposes permanently to dispense with this mode
of punishment should be preceded by a system of
enlistment which shali supply the navy with sea
men of tiie most meritorious class, whose good de
portment and pride of character may preclude all
occasion (or a resort to penalties of a harsh or de
grading nature. The safety of a ship and her
J crew is often dependant upon immediate obedience
i to a command, and the authority to enforce it
must be equally re.-dy. The arrest of a refracto
ry seamen, in sued) moments, not only deprives the
ship, of indispensable aid, but imposes a necessity
for double service on otiiers whose fidelity to
their duties may be relied upon in such an emer
gency. The exposure to this increased and ardu
ous labor, since the passage of the act of 1850,
has already had, to a most observable and injuri
ous extent, tiie effect of preventing the enlistment
|of the best seamen in tiie navy. The plan now
i s’ ggCsted is designed to promote a condition of
! service in which this objection wiii no longer ex
j ist. The details of th.s plan may be established
i in great part, if not altogether, by the Executive,
• under tiie authority of exising laws; but 1 have
! thought it proper, in accordance with tiie sugges
; tion of the Secretary of the Navy, to submit it to
! your approval.
The establishment of a corps of apprentices for
; the navy, or boys to be enlisted until they become
of age, and to be employed under such regulations
as the Navy Department may devise, as proposed
in the report, I cordially approve and commend to
your consideration ; and I also concur in the sug
gestion that this system for the early training of
seamen may be most usefully engrafted upon the
i service of our merchant marine.
Ttie other proposition of the report to which I
I have referred—tiie re-organization of the Naval
; Academy—l recommend to your attention as a
| project worthy of your encouragement and sup.
j port. The valuable service already rendered by
! this institution entitie it to tiie continuance of
! your fostering care.
Your attention is respectfully called to the re
port of tiie Postmaster General for the detailed op
eration of his Department during tiie fiscal year,
from which it will be seen that the receipts from
postages for that time were, less by §1,431..696 |
than for the preceding fiscal year, being a de- 1
crease of about 23 per cent.
This diminution is attributable to the reduction
in tiie rates of postage made by the act of March j
3, 1851, which reduction took effect at the com- j
inenccment of the last fiscal year.
Although in its operation during the last year ;
the act referred to has not ful; lied the predictions j
of its friends by increasing the correspondence of j
lite country in proportion to the reduction of post- |
age, I should nevertheless question the policy of j
returning to higher rates. Experience warrants !
the expectation that as the community becomes j
accustomed to cheap postage, correspondence will !
increase. It is believed that from this cause, and
from the rapid growth of the country in popula- !
tion and in business, the receipts of the Depart- j
ment must ultimately exceed its exjien.ses, and that !
the country may sateiy rely upon tiie continuance !
of the present cheap rate of postage.
In former messages I have, among oilier things
respectfully recommended to the consideration of
Congress the propriety and necessity of further
legislation for tiie protection and punishment of
foreign consuls residing in the United States; to
revive with certain modifications the act of 10th
Mai cli, 1338, to restrain unlawful military oxpn
dnions against the inhabitants of coterminous
States or territor.es; for the pieservation and pro
tection from mutilation or theft of papers, re
cords, and .archives of the nation; for authori
zing the surplus revenue to be applied to the pay
ment of the public debt in advance of the time
when it will become due; fertile establishment
of land offices for the sale of public lands in Cal- ;
ifornia and the Territory of Oregon ; for tiie con- j
structionof a road from the Mississippi valley to j
the Pacific ocean; for the establishment of a bu- !
reau of agriculture for the promotion of that in- !
i terest, perhaps the most important in the country ;
[ for the prevention of frauds upon the Government
I in applications tor pensions and bounty lands; for
i the establishment oi a uniform fee bill, prescribing
! a specific compensation for ewtry service requir*
! ed of clerks, district attorneys., and marshals; for
! authorizing an additional regiment of mounted
men, for the defence of our frontiers against the
j Indians, and for fulfilling our treaty stipulations
with Mexico to defend her citize; s against the In
dians equal diligence and energy as our
own ;” for determining tiie relative rank between
the nava! and civil office rs in our public ships, and
between the officers of tiie Army auJ Navy in
the various grades of each ; for re-organizing tiie
naval establishment by fixing the number of offi
cers in each grade, and providing for a retired list
upon reduced pay of those unfit for active duly ;
for prescribing and regulating punishments in the
navy ; for tiie appointment ot a commission to re
vise the public statutes of the United Slates, by
arranging them in order, supplying deficiencies,
correcting incongruities, simplifying their lan
guage and reporting them to Congress for its final
action ; and for the establishment of a commis
sion to adjudicate and settle private claims against
tiie United States. lam not aware, however,
that any of these subjects have be - n finally acted
upon by Congress. Without repeating the rea
sons for legislation on these subjects which have
been assig< ed in former messages, I reaped fully
recommend them again to your favorabie consid
eration.
I think it due to the several Execulive Depart
ments of this Government to bear testimony to
the efficiency and integrity with which they are
conducted. Withal! tiiecareful superintendence
which it is possible for the Heads of those De
partments to exercise, still the due administration
and guardianship of the public money must very
j much depend on the vigilance, intelligence, and
| fidelity of the subordinate officers and clerks, and
| especially on those eatrusted with the settlement
! and adjustment of claims and accounts. I aui
gratified to believe that they have generally per
formed their duties faithfully and well. Tney are
I appointed to guard the approaches to the public
; Treasury, and they occupy the positions that ex
i pose them to aii the temptations and seduet ons
i which the cupidity of speculators and fraudulent
j claimants can prompt them to employ. It will b*
j but a wise precaution to protect ihe Government
j against that source of mischief and corruption as
j far as it can be done, by the enactment of all prop
l erand legal penalties. The laws, in this respect,
\ are supposed to be defective, and I therefore deem
, it my duty to call your attention to tiie subject,
: and to recommend that provision be made for
j tiie punishment not only of those who shall ac
j cept bribes, but also ol those who shali either
I promise, give, or offer to give to any of those offi
i cers or clerks a bribe or reward touching or rela
| ting to any matter of titeir official action or duty.
It has been the uniform policy of this Govern-
I ment (rom its foundation to the present day to ab
| stain from all interference in the domestic affairs
jof otbr nations. The consequence lias been that
1 whtie the nations of Europe have been engaged
| in desolating wars, our country has pursued its
peaceful course to unexampled prosperity and hap
j piuess. The wars in which we have been compell
-1 ed to engage, in the defence of the right* and hon
or of the country, have been fortunately of short
duration. During the terrific contest of nation
j against nation, which succeeded the French revo
| lution, we were enabled by the wisdom and finii
| ness of President Washington to maintain our
| neutrality. While other nations were drawn into
■ this wiue sweeping whirlpool, we sat quiet and
j unmoved upon oor own shores. While the flow
: er of their numerous armies was wasted by dis
ease or perished by hundreds of thousands upon
the battle field, the youth of this favored land were
permitted to enjoy the blessings of peace beneath
the paternal roof. While the States of Europe
incurred enormous debts, under the burden of
which their subjects stiff groan, and which muat
absorb no small part of the product of the lamest
industry of those countries for generations to
come, the United Stales have once been enabled
to exhibit tiie proud spectacle of a nation free
from public debt ; and if permitted to pursue our
prosperous way for a few years longer we may
do the same again.
But it is now - said by some that this policy must
be changed. Europe is no longer s parated Irom
us by a voyage of months, but steam navigation
has brought her within a few days’ sail of our
shore*. We see more of her movements, and lake
deeper interest in her controversies. Although no
one proposes that we should j->1: the fraternity ot
potentates who have for ages lavished the blood
and treasure of titeir subjects in maintaining “the
balance of power,” yet it is said that, we ought
to interfere bet ween the c intending sovereigns
and their subjects, for the purpose of overthrowing
the monarchies of Europe and establishing in
titeir place republican institutions. It is alledged
that we have heretofore pursued a different course
from a sense of our weakness, but that now our
conscious strength dictates change of policy, and
that it is consequently our duty to mingle in these
contests and aid those who are struggling for lib
erty.
This is a most seductive but dangerous appeal
to the generous vrnpathies of freemen. Enjoy
ing as we do the blessings of a free Government,
there is no man who has an American heart that
would not rejoice “to see these blessings extended
to al! other nations. AVe cannot witness the
struggle between the oppressed and his oppressor
any where without the deepest sympathy for the
former, and the most anxious desire for Ins tri
umph. Nevertheless, is ii prudent or is it wise
to involve ourselves in their foreign wars? Is it
indeed true that we have heretofore refrained from
doing so merely from the degrading motive of a
conscious weakness? Fur ttie honor of the pa
triots who have gone before u.s, f cannot admit it.
Men of the ft evolution who drew the sword against
the oppressions of the mother country, and pledged
to Heaven “ titeir lives, their fortunes, and titeir
sacred honor” to maintain their freedom, could
never have been actuated by so unworthy a mo
tive. They knew no weakness or fear where
no-ht or duty pointed the wav, and it is a libel up
on their fair fame for us. while we enjoy the bless
ings for which they so nobly fought and bled, to
insinuate it. The truth is that, ih- coirs* which
they pursued was dictated by a stern sense of in
ternational justice, by a statesmanlike prudence
and a far-seeing wisdom, looking not merely to
the present necessities but to tiie permanent safe
ty and interest of the country. They knew that
the world is governed less by sympathy than by
reason and force; that it was not possible for this
nation to become a “ propagandist” of free princi
ples without arraying against it ihe combined
powers of Europe ; and that tfie result was more
likely to be the overthrow of republican liberty
here than its establishment ‘there. History has
been written in vain for those who can doubt this.-
France had no sooner established a republican
form of Government than she manifested a desire
to force its blessings on all tiie world. Her own
historian informs us that, hearing of some petty
acts of tyranny in a neighboring principality,
“The National” ‘Convention declared that she
* would afford succor and fraternity to all nations
‘ who wished to recover their liberty and site
1 gave it in charge to the executive power to give
‘orders to the generals of the French armies to aid
‘ all citizens who might h ive been or should be
* oppressed in the cause of liberty.” Here was
tiie false step which led to her subsequent misfor
tunes. She soon found herself involved in war
with all the rest of Europe. In less than ten years
her government was changed from a repub ic to
an empire; and finally, after shedding rive - s of
blood, foreign powers restored her exiled dynasty
and exhausted Europe sought peace and repose in
the unquestioned ascendency of monarchical prin
ciples. Let us learn wisdom from her example.
Let ur remember that revolutions do not always
establish freedom. Our own free institutions
were not the offspring of our Revolution. They
existed before. They were planted in the free
charters of seif government ut.der which the Eng
lish colonies grew up, and our Revolution only
freed us from the dominion of a foreign power,
wnfe o Government was at variance with those
institutions. Bat European nations have hid no
Hiich training for self-government, and every ef
fort to establish it by bloody revolutions has been,
and must, without that preparation, continue to
be a failure. Liberty, unregulated by law, de
generates into anarchy, which soon becomes tin*
most horrid of all despotisms. Our policy is wise
ly to govern ourselves, and thereby to set such
an example of natural justice, prosperity, and
true glory, as shall teach to all nations the bless
ing of self-government, and the unparalleled en
terprise and success of a free people.
VVe live in an age of progress, and ours is em
phatically a country of progress. Within the
last half century the number of Stales in this Un
ion has nearly doubled, the population has almost
quadrupled, and our boundaries have been extend
ed from the Mississippi to the Pacific. Our terri
tory is chequered over with railroads,and furrow
ed with canals. Tiie inventive talent of our
country is excited to the highest pitch, and the
numerous application* lor patents for valuable im
provements distinguish this age and this people
from ail others. The genius of one American lias
enabled our commerce to move against wind and
tide, and that of another lias annihilated distance
in the transmission of intelligence. The whole
country is full of enterprise. Our common schools
are d.{fusing intelligence among the people, and
our industry is fast accumulating the comforts and
luxuries of life. This is in part owing to our pe
culiar position, to our fertile soil, and compara
tively sparse population ; but much of it is owing
to the popular instiiutions undpr which we live, to
the freedom winch every man feels to engage in
any useful pursuit, according to bis ta*teor incli
nation, and to the entire confidence that his per
son and property wiii be protected by the laws.—
But whatever may he tiie cause of this unparallel
ed growth in population, intelligence, and wealth,
one tiling is clear, that this Government must
keep pace with the progress of the people. It
must participate in titeir spirit of enterprise, and
while it exacis obedience to the laws, and restrains
all unauthorized invasions < f the rights of the
neighboring Slates, it should foste r and protect
home industry, and lend its powerful strength to
the improvement of such means of intercommuni
cation as are itecessarv to promote our internal
commerce and str-.rigthcn the ties which bind us
together as a people.
It is nrt strange, however much it may be re
gretted, that such an exuberance of enterprise
should cause some individuals to mistake change
for progress, and ttie invasion of the rights of oth
ers for national prowess and glory. Tne former
are constantly agitating for some ciiange in the
organic iaw,or urging new and untried theories
of human right.*. The iatier are ever ready to
engage in any wild crusade against a neighbor
ing people, regardless of ihe justice of ttie enter
prise, and without looking at the fatal consequen
ces to ourselves and to the cause of popular gov
ernment. Such expeditions, however, are often
stimulated by mercenary individuals, who expect
to share the plunder or profit of the entc: pr.se
without exposing themselves to danger, and are
led on by some irresponsible foreigner, who abuses
the hospitality of our own Government by seduc
ing the young and ignorant to join in his scheme
of personal ambition or revenge, under the false
and delusive pretence of extending the area of
freedom. These reprehensible aggressions but
retard the true progress of our nation and tarnish
it? fair lame. Tiiey should, therefore, receive
tne indignant frowns of every good citizen who
sincerely loves his country and takes a pride in its
prosperity and honor.
Our Constitution, though not perfect, is doubt
less the best that ever was formed. Therefore let
every proposition t o change it be well weighed,
and if found beneficial, cautiously adopted. Eve
ry patrioi will rejoice to see its authority so exert
ed as to advance the prosperity ai.d honor of the
nation, whilst he will watch with jealousy any at
tempt to mutilate this charter of our liberties, or
pervert its powers to acts of aggression or injus
tice. Thus snail conservatism and progress blend
their harmonious action in preserving the form
and spirit of the Constitution, and at the same
time carry forward the great improvements of the
country with a rapidity mid energy which free
men only can display.
In closing this, mv last annual communication,
permit me, fellow-citizens, to congratulate you on
the prosperous condition of our beloved country.
Abroad its relations with all foreign powers are
friendly ; its rights are respected, and its high
place in the family of nations cheerfullly recog
nised. At home we enjoy an amount of happiness,
public and private, which has probably never fall
en to the lot of any other people. Besides afford
ing to our own citizens a degree of prosperity, of
which on so large a scale I know of no other in
stance, our country is annually affording a ref
uge and a home to multit odes, altogether without
example, from the Old World.
We owe these blessings, under Heaven, to the
happy Constitution and Government which were
bequeathed to us by our fathers, and which it ia
our sacred duty to transmit in all their integrity to
our children. We must all consider it a great
distinction and privilege to have been chosen by
the people to bear a part in the administration of
such a Government. Called by an unexpected dis
pensation toils highest trust at a season of em
barrassment and alarm, 1 entered upon its arduous
duties with extreme diffidence. 1 claim only to
have discharged them to the best of an humble
ability, withji single eye to the public good ; and
it is with devout gratitude, in retiring from office,
that I leave the country in a state of peace and
prosperity. MILLARD FILLMORE.
Washington, December 6. 1852.
Soutljmt
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA:
THURSDAY MORNING, DEC. 9,1852.
The Soil of the South.
The December number of this Journal is now
ready for delivery. This number completes the se
cond volume. Persons who intend to subscribe for
tho next volume would do well to send up their dol
lar immediately, as the cash system will be rigidly
adhered to in future.
U” Air. S. J. Hicks is on a visit to our subscribers
in Muscogee and Stewart counties, and we will be
obliged to them if they will extend a generous hos
pitality to him, and settle the small demands ho has
against them.
The President’s Message.
W* give this document entire. lis great length
excludes several editorial and miscellaneous articles.
Select Female School.
We invito the attention of our readers to the ad
vertisement of Mrs. Avery. She brings the high
est testimonials of her character and capacity as a
Teacher.
The American Flora.
Mr. Green is now in our city, soliciting subscrip
tions to this splendid American work. We advise
every lover of Flowers to procure a copy. The
plates are numerous, accurate, and exceedingly beau
tiful.
Cholera Morbus.
Several eases of this disease have occurred during
the last week in this city, and a few have terminated
fatally, ft is the opinion of the Medical faculty, that
the disease has been produced from the use of un
sound Oysters. Our readers would do well to ab
stain from tho use of this, as well as any other article
of food which has a tendency to produce diarrhoea,
for the present.
Factories at Columbus.
We are pleased to see that the Water Lot Com
pany are manifesting a right spirit in pushing for
ward the repairs to the water works in a most ener
getic manner, under the able superintendence and
plans of Wm. Brooks, Esq. The ability of that
gentleman is made evident by the fact that tho Vari
ety Works, and all his work on the Canal, have stood
all the freshets.
We notice a large quantity of heavy timber al
ready on the spot, and are told that in a few days he
will begin the work, and from the manner and spirit
in which the work is progressing, we may expect
soon to see the Spindle and Loom at work again,
affording employment to a large number of opera
tives, who are waiting their completion.
The Ileacon of Cuba.
Cuba! a magic and an ominous word, but too
frequent of late on the tongue of Americans, which,
when whispered, conjures up before our visions a
fe O'ful array of mom nful catastrophes, at tho sight
of which our blood runs hot in our veins, and .ve
involuntarily grind cur teeth in rage, and feel for
the avenging sword. Cuba 1 Crittenden ! the as
sociation is as inevitable as it is ominous. We can
not break the cord that binds them together—it is
ns strong as death—of death inflicted by unthinking
tyranny in the hour of insolent triumph—of death
endured with heroic fortitude worthy of the palmiest
days of Greece, and which appeals to every gener -
ous and noble American heait for vengeance.
But while we confess to the existence of such emo
tions in our own bosoms, our judgment is not sat
isfied that their indulgence is consistent with right,
or the snored duties we owe to our native land.
Were tho Creoles of Cuba a magnanimous peo
ple ; had they boldly risen upon their oppressors,
resolved to conquer their freedom, or die in the
struggle; had they even joined Lopez, and rallied
around the “Lone Star,” we could find much in
our own history, to justify the invasion which result
ed so disastrously. But, unfortunately, there is no
evidence that the great body of Cubans are dissatis
fied with their chains, or desire freedom. Deaf to
the call of the liberating army, they rushed to the
battle at the command of their m isters, met Lopez
upon the beach in battle array, betrayed bis move
ments to bis tnemy, and when the band of the brave
but misguided leader was broken, they hunted the
forlorn fugitives through the passes of tho tn >unt
aius like blood hounds, butchered the wounded,
bound the captives in chains, surrendered them to
death, and shouted in triumph over the untimely
and dreadful execution of men who rushed upon de
struction to give them the boon of freedom.
For so craven and ignoble a people we can have
no sympathy. They have placed themselves beyond
the pale of civilization. And instead of marching an
army to their rescue, wc would rather lead a con
quering host through their Island, and teach them
by the bloody sword to fear, if they cannot respect,
the generous impulses of a freeman. This, howev
er, we cannot do, without violating our treaty stipu
lations with Spain, our old and faithful ally in the
Revolution, and the wreck of the most splendid
monarchy upon which the sun ever shone.
It is true that her officials murdered Americans —■ j
brave and noble Americans, whose heroism hides
their crimes, and deserved a better return from a i
gallant foe ; but our own Government imprudently |
thrust them beyond the pale of law, by denouncing j
them as pirates, and the fatal blow was struck in the j
heat of blood. Since then, Spain has done much to j
conciliate our good will, by granting a free pardon j
to the band which Concha reserved for a fate more j
cruel than death.
Upon a calm arid sober review of our Cuban dis- 1
Acuities, we can see no good cause for an interrup- j
tion of our friendly relations with Spain.
There is, however, we are constrained to believe,
a party in this country which lias fixed its gloating
eyes upon Cuba, and is determined to add the.
“Lone Star” to our own brilliant galaxy, right or
wrong. With such a party we cau have no sym
pathy. If tliere is any doctrine of more vital worth
to the South than auother, it is that of Non-Inter
vention, as taught by the earlier sages of the Repub
lic. We are a peculiar people; we have peculiar
institutions, against which the world"is in arms ; we
are denounced as robbers and tyrants by the fanatics
of the North, and the Red Republicans of Europe ;
we are hated and despised, and our system is de
nounced as tyrannical by them, with quite as much
cordiality as we hate and despise and denounce
Spain and her colonial system. If, therefore, the
doctrines of Fillibustorism are once introduced into
the laws of nations, the South will bo compelled to
resist the world in arms. Such a position we think
she could sustain, but no lover of his country would
liko to bring on such a shook.
There is but one contingency which can justify In
j tervention, to wit: successful resistance and rebellion
—and then every nation may or may not intervene,
just as her own interests dictate. We claim this
principle for our own protection against foreign in-
I tervention, and what we claim for ourselves. w free-
Ily accord to every other people. When Cubans
! show themselves worthy of our aid, by successful re
; billion against the tyranny which oppresses them,
| then we will become a Fillibustcro, but—not till
| then. We cannot see the propriety of forcing free
i dom upon men, who will cut your throat for your
kindness the first convenient opportunity.
We have merely room to add that we have re
ceived the first number of the Beacon of Cuba, pub
l fished in New Orleans, by Mr. Thrasher, a Cuban
I exile, who is fully competent to the ta-k he has un
! del-taken. It will prove an invaluable paper to the
! Fillibustero, and we advise all such to send on
dollars immediately, and procure it. The balance of
our readers would do well to continue their subscrip
tions to the Southern Sentinel.
The Liquor Lair.
Mr. Editor: With your permission, I will oc
cupy a little space in your valuable journal occasion
ly, in defence of a Liquor Law.
I observe that the opponents of the law attempt
to bring reproach upon it by confounding it with the
sumptuary laws, which wore quite common in the
time of the Puritans, but are now deservedly swept
from the Statute Books of every free State. There
is no resemblance between these two classes of laws.
The one is an arbitrary interference with the tastes,
j habits, and dress of the citizen ; the other is a shield
which a humane legislator is bound to throw around
dependent women, helpless children, and deluded
men whose beastly appetites have mastered their
reasons, aid reduced to a condition so hopeless that
they arc objects of pity to the good, and the willing
slaves of the dram-seller. It is not proposed to pun
ish men for drinking strong drink—that would be
a sumptuary law—but to prosckire a trade whic:i
demoralizes community ; which injures and frequent
ly destroys tho health of the host citizens ; which
inflames the passions and leads to suicide, homi
cide anil murder ; which disqualifies the voter for the
exercise of the elective franchise, and thus imperils
the public liberty, by giving the government into the
hands of demagogues ; which destroys the peace of
families; which fills the land with destitute widows
and orphans who are either supported by charity,
or reared up in crime ; which fill* our poor houses
with paupers ; which crowds our jails with crimin
als and our penitentiaries with convicts, and loads
our gallows with the corpses of tho victims of the
destroyed ; “which,” in the language of Holy Writ,
“walketh in darkness and destroyeth at noon-day.”
This is the moral pestilence we would destroy bv
the enactment of wholesome sanitary regulations.
It is absurd to bluster about Legislative interference
with private rights. Both the constitution and laws
tolerate such interference, when the morals, health,
and good order of community demand it. Whin
epidemics prevail, ships are quarantined for months ;
traffic in fruits, vegetables and meats is prohibited ;
and the power of the Legislature extends to every
case which the health of the community demands.
Upon the same principle, mill-dams are broken
down, and private property destroyed, a* nuisances,
whenever the health of the public is endangered by
their existence.
Is it right to enact these laws ? Then is it much
more right to proscribe the Liquor shops. The rav
ages of Cholera are not more fatal, nor nigh so uni
versal, as those which flow from the Gin Saloon.
A REFORMED DRUNKARD.
Washington Correspondence of the Sentinel.
Washing ton, November 25, 1552.
The pressure of other engagements has prevented
your receipt of my usual letters, which, however,
could have conveyed tidings of little interest before j
the subsidence of the late prodigious ground swell, j
Now that the flood tide is going out and the usual ;
objects visible, a few speculations and suggestions \
may not come amiss. Frank Fierce and Wm. R. i
King arc elected ! I presume you entertain no doubts j
about that, though all the formalities of the election I
have not yet been gone through. What the conse- j
quences and developments will be in April, qniert
sahe ? A pilgrimage to Concord, the Mecca cf pot
iticians, is now the order of the day, bat tho stupid
ity that suggests such toadyism must indeed be in
tense. The idea of forestalling others in the selec
tion of good places, by prompt personal presence, is
too absurd, and its absurdity is only equalled by its
meanness. We “live in a free country.” to be sure,
but black slavery is by no means the only form of j
personal prostration to the will of another ; and the i
eager appeti e for office in the last mentioned class j
of partisans, or place seekers, is such that they will i
take any sauce of degradation, if it carries down I
with it a slice of spoils, or a smack of it. That a |
victorious party, or a victorious aspirant, should i
have “friends to reward and enemies to punish,’’ j
and feci in honor bound to do both, though in no j
vindictive or proscriptive spirit, is very obvious, the (
common cant to the contrary notwithstanding. But
the poor spirited creatures that run post haste*, to j
Lwn on and flatter the fountains of power, are apt J
to get only their trouble for their pains. Such crea- j
tores can be serviceable to no man or no party, j
They are the incubi and toad-stool*; yet evny
party most be afflicted with such, and of such th.*
uuterrificd Democracy is certainly not exempt. Ho
race Greeiy, with his usual cruelty, gives cold com
fort to the shivering office holders, expectant of a
kicking out on the Ides of March, and who, in faint
hopes of hanging on, are having Pierce’s speech
against the pri>seriptive policy of the Harrison si
ministration republished, which speech was devo!> and
chiefly to an exposure of the difference between the
professions and practice o! that Administration.
Greely s-iys to tlresc liiscottsulate brethren, that they
will probably be turned out, and ought to make up
their minds to stand it like men, for such certainly
is the course that prudence and justice dictate. In
cleansing the old barn, the rats can’t be allowed to
stay, though they should squeal lustily at expulsion.
The whimpering about “proscription for opinion's
sake,” he also dismisses with the question, as to
whether they did not displace others precisely on
that ground, and whether they, who have had their
noses in the public crib, have a right to complain,
when thousands never have been able to piok up a
grain of Uncle Samuel's coin ? So he advises his
brethren to put their household in order, and pre
pare to pack up and jack off.
This exhaustive mole of treating the question is
not easily answered. It gives in a nut shell the en
tire answer to all the clamor about “persecution,”
“proscription,” &c. &c. There has always been too
much humbug of this kind administered to “the dear
people,” but the late elections have shown that they
are not to be duped any more, but can appreciate
the truth in its naked proportions, as well as when
befurbelowed and bedizened.
I regretted to 6ee the difference that has sprung
up between our friends about the Troup business.
Let bye gones be bye gones. The rote in Georgia
and Alabama, and the course of Mississippi and
South Carolina, (not to mention other States,) ought
to satisfy us of the endorsement of our position. Our
Troap and Quitman friends themselves vr.mt eome
to us again, or rather we must drop all other di(f er .
enees, and keep an eye to the squalls to the North
ward. As regards the alteration of the Troup ),. t .
ter, it did not need the card of Messrs. Duval and
Williams, of Montgomery, to satisfy all who knew
them, either personally or by character, that they
were incapable of any act not strictly in accordance
with the highest integrity and honor. If any error
is committed by such men, it can only be one of
judgment, not of intention. The omitted words
however, show still more clearly, the animus of the
Old Governor : but as matters have turned out it
probably as well that that movement, after hnvint’
been commenced, should bo carried on by its original
projectors. The fallacy of all the promises of the
compromisers, has been most powerfully sho.vii by
the outrage perpetrated in New York in flv Lem
mon case, which is a stride beyond auy yet t.-ik.-n
----by the Abolitionist* —“a plan of pacification” far
more thorough than any advocated by his Excellen
cy, Got. Foote—for it will leave slavery no inch to
stand on outside of its present limits, and narrow
them down to a point.
The particulars of that cn* your readers aro
doubtless familiar with, since the New York papers
commented wry freely on the subject in all its j
---|>ects. The Herald eonta-nel several editorials and
communications iu relation to it, one of which, from
“A Northern Citizen,” appearing in that paper of
the 18th, covered the whole ground, and created
some sensation both in New York and Washington,,
bath by the boldness of its language, and the thor
oughness of its examination of the merits of tii e
question. The writer not only denied the justie-,
but the legality of Judge Paine's decision, confront
ing h s decision with the recorded opinions of Jus
tice Greer, of the U. S. Supreme Court, and of Dais
iel Webster, in his famous Ashburton rorresp ind
ent's, and elsewhere. The oommity of friendly for
eign nations was also dwelt up m to show that if this
decision be affirmed. New England would be more
of an unfriendly power than Old Englan I. The
consequence of such a construction of the relative
rights of the citizens of the two sections, any reflec
ting man can m-o. It is the broadest and boldest at
tempt to sectionalize slavery and nationalize Aboli
tion yet made, and States’ rights, the Southern
shield, is sought to be convened thus into a sword,
by a specious but false construction of them. I
coinmend the article referred to, to your attention,
i It covers the whole ease and shows its true ohar
| acter.
! The New York merchants alarmed at the prns
i pect of damage to trade, have subscribed ss<ion, and
; paid Mr. Lemmon, the owner, who seems “content
j ed wi’ little and canty wi’ mair,” as Burns lias it.
i His imbecility throughout the whole affair has been
1 remarkable. Outsiders had to take it up and force
; recognition and restitution for the sake of the prin
’ ciple. lie seemed very squeezable fruit, and having
! dispos ‘d of bis negroes at a good price, has gone
i back to V irginia, instead of proceeding to Texas.
I In the mean time the case goes up on -appeal to a
| higher New York Court. If that decision reverse
| the former, all will be right. If reaffirmed, then
j one of two things must be done. Tho Southern
Legislatures will have to pass retaliatory acts, or
! submit to the slow process of destruction which be
! falls the girdled pine. An appeal to the Supreme
I Court is talked of, but that remedy would but ag
-1 gravate the disease.
The Cuban difficulties are becoming more and
more intricate. As far as the Crescent City
is concerned, the Administration lias backed
square out, and left George Law to bear the brunt
of the battle, going so far as to take the mails
away from him for the nonce. The President also
has addressed hint a letter per Collector Muxweil,
marked “private,” with a request for publication, in
which the Spanish Government is notified that it
may do what it pleases with Law and Smith, &0.,.
and uses language decidedly impolite toward- those
“individuals.” Thu President lias also published'’
the recent diplomatic correspondence, relating to Mi.
Polk’s offer to purchase Cuba, (a novelty in ii{slt:tns<
cy of which sveresy is the soul ) So that in shin
ning the Seylla of Fillibusterism, the union mate
Fillmore <fc Cos. have wrecked theins- ivea- on the
more hopeless Charybdis of public ooniempt; Even
the presses at the North are stern atsl, savage in •
their condemnation of these proceedings on the part
of tlie Administration, and declare that-only “hon-i
----orable peace” is to be desired, while- awth truckling
paves the way for war. And !.:• riahh’as -
the issue will show. These two topics occupy the
p ibiio mind. The political wire w'htrs, and many
who think themselves such, are very . busy . ill con-i
strutting Cabinets for Gen. PLeroe. rui carrying *>uv
the policy of his Adinin’wtmiionv—;"fr iwiiichthe cltiel t
party concerned will be duly tlranliful-— per-kdps<l
As there intrigue* would i mii-tir-h ’ ‘** ywpw&i
will most of them come tx>- noilitrg, : i-. i&iHfcoutess io
talk about them ; hut of this be. assured,, that nobody,
either as friend, or organ, anywhere, has a tittle . f
authority to speak “bv authority'-? for the new Presi
dent, who has the good seise to. keep his own coun
sel and hold bis peace, being', üßurly, unpledged—
asserting the good old S>ywfish nvtai.m, observing
that “a shut month catches<no flits.” ‘ ANON. .
• W it to Convention. -IRUon Rouge. Not. 2SL
f i —The Convention met at nson, and organized by
‘ ! electing General Clarke as President. The basis of
1 | voting was fixed at one- vote far every IntnJred, mi i
1 ! one for each fraction over fifty. The Convention
1 ! then proceeded to ballot for ( fowrnor. On the first
1 ! ballot tho vote stood an fdiows Bordelon 51 ;
I Moore 45 : and Ray IS, There bring no choice, ;t
j second balloting was held and resaifed as follows :
j Bordelon 61 ; .Moore 35; Ray ”.r, t*nd Bordelon
’ was declared the nominee for Goveriii.c.
John Ray of Ouachita was t!w nominated as
; Lieutenant Governor, and IX I>. Avery of Baton
J Rouge as Secretary of State, G. C McYt Loiter ns
I Trt-twurer, R. N. Ogden ns Attorney General,
j and T. Ti. Thorpe, ii* Superintendent of Public
j Schools. The Convention then adjourned sine die.
! Next U. S. Senator from New Hampshire.—
i Tlte Democratic legislative Caucus met at Concord
! on the evening of the 24th. and nominated Charles
j G. Atherton for U. S. Senator, in place of .John
| P. Hale, whose term expires on the 4th of next
; March. The vote stood as follcv. it;
Charles G. Atherton, S9,
John S. Wells, ts Exeter, 69
Scattering, ~
Majority for Anthcrto, U-
The Whigs in caucus nominated Ira Parley, of
Concord, far Senator.
Massachusetts Legislature. —A dispatch to tlte
Charleston Courier, dated Nov. 24th, says that tho
House, according to our returns, will stand thus :
Whigs, 149
Coalition, l'-~
Hunker Democrat*, 1$
Whig majority, 9
J This is probably complete, and undoubtedly cor
| rct, and gives tho State government to the whigs.
Fanny Fearn —We published a paragraph not
long since, stating that it was said that the biii.iant
and dashing writer, in the Boston Olive Branch ,
over this name, was a sister of N. P. M iiiis. A
Boston paper noticing this says : That it is also sai 1
that this sister of N. P. Willis, is very much in fa
vor of the “bloomer costume,” wears breeches,
smokes cigars, promenades the streets in W elling
ton boots and standing shirt-collar, edits the b--st
paper and is the best looking man in Boston ; she
bears the cognomen of “quaint Fanny I’earn
abroad, but is betterjknown at home as fo.u Norris,
the editor of the Olive Branch.
Death of Booth.— Mr. Booth, tho Tragedian,
died between New Orleans and Glnsianati.