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[From the New York Tribune.] THE REMOVAL OF MIL EWBANK. The fact that Thomas Ewbank who had held the responsible post of Commissioner of Patents since the incoming of Gen. Taylor’s administration, was recently removed by President Fillmore, and Mr. Silas Hodges, of Vermont, appointed in his stead, is already well known. It has been very generally, but erroneously, spoken of as a resignation ; but it was just sqc'i a resignation as Mr. Fill more’s on the 3d of March will be. In es sence, if not in terms, (we believe in both,) Mr. Ewbank was removed, and for reasons which the public has not been permitted otti cially to know. Why was it deemed advisable to appoint a new Commissioner for the last five or six months of the present Administration! Had Mr. E. proved unfaithful ? Was there ap prehension that the public interests commit ted to his charge would suffer by bi3 contin uance? Was lie in any respect less qualified to hold the office during these closing six months than during Mr. Fillmore’s twenty eight months preceding? Nothing ot tiie sort is pretended. Why, then, was he remo ved? We answer. Because he would not consent to lavish the Public Money in his charge on a personal favorite of the President in violation of law. This statement we shall now proceed to substantiate. Soon after taking charge of the Patent Office, Mr. Ewbank began to look around him for some person to aid him in compiling and editing flie Agricultural Statistics which, in the absence of any Agricultural Bereau of the Government, have gradually grown into an important element of each Annual Report from that office. After much inquiry and hesitation, he finally decided to entrust this work to Dr. Daniel Lee, formerly of Buffalo, in our State, just then editing the Southern Cultivator, at Augusta, Ga.; and on Mr. Ew bank’s recommendation, Secretary Ewing appointed Dc Lee a Clerk in the Patent Of fice to collate and prepare Agricultural mat ter for the Commissioner’s forthcoming Re port. Dr. Lee accepted the place, stipula ting for a much larger compensation than had ever before been paid for the service, did the work, and received his money. There, it was supposed by Mr. Ewbank, j the engagement was at an end. The duties j which Dr. Lee was employed to perform, j were in their nature occasional; they were j entirely suspended through the greater por- j tion of the year; and Mr. Ewbank wished to i be at liberty to choose his assistant in prepa- j ring his Agricultural matter as maturer expe rience and fuller knowledge of the duties of j his position should dictate. But no ! Dr. Lee j had tasted the sweets of office, and he fully j determined not to surrender them. He could I write for his Southern Cultivator, and for the j one or two Rochester papers with which he j already was, or soon after became connect- , ed, about as well from the Patent Office as ; any where; tiie first use of the Agricultural ■Statistics transmitted from ail parts of the i Jcountry to the Patent Office, in reply to the ; circular requests for information, could lie | rendered of decid’ and to him in his voca tion ; and the tact that was nothing for him to do officially for eight cu’ nine months of each year, rather commendtai die post -than otherwise. And this detoimmaiiqn ol Dr. Lee to draw $2,000 (after unsuccessful- j ly trying to get 2,500) from the Inventors’ I Fund year after year, with a perfect knowl* i edge that the Commissioner w hom he was i to aid did not want him, but was j greatly desirous to get rid of him, has been ; the main cause of ail the trouble encountered ; by Mr. Ewbank, and of his ultimate removal. I The Patent pirates and cormorants who prey j on the life blood of Inventors, (under pre tence of aiding them at the Patent Office, where they often do them more harm than good,) have of.'course been his natural and indefatigable enemies ; but their annoyance *vould have amounted to very little but for the powerful “aid and comfort’ that the la mented death of Gen. Taylor afforded them from the inside of the office. On Mr. Fillmore’s accession to office, Dr. Lee (as a former resident of Buffalo.) became a frequent visitor at the White House. When in the Legislature of our State, he was the wildest and most sweeping Radical ever sent there, and so advertised himself through va rious journals for a considerable time. Now-, however, he had become a most intense Con servative, and soon became a partner in the Rochester American newspaper, originally started as a “Native” organ, and since sub siding naturally into the most malignant type ofHunkoiism. For this establishment, Dr. Lee soon began to purvey jolts from the Pa tent Office, of printing labels, &c , w ithout shadow-of authority from the Commissioner; and at length, in March last, an advertise ment from the Patent Office making its ap pearance, he caused a grave complaint to he lodged against Mr. Ew bank, with the Secre tary of the Interior, that it Jiad not been or dered to be published in that superlative ad ministration journal, the Rochester Ameri can, although the papers authorized to pub lish it in this Stato were all as “Conserva tive” as could be desired—namely, the’ State Register, Albany, Commercial Advertiser, New York, and Commercial Advertiser, Buf falo. Yes, Mr. Ewbank, on the formal com plaint of Hon. A. M. Sehermerhorn, M. C., was required to justify to ids official superior, his neglect to order an official advertisement to be published in the paper owned in part by one of the clerks 1 This is not a solitary case. Early in Jan uary last, Mr. Ewbank had to meet a com plaint made directly to the President by his clerk, Lee, that he had ordered an advertise ment to be published in the Rochester Dem ocrat, the oldest and most influential Whig paper in its section, but w hich, not being Sil ver Grev, was denounced in the charge as being bitterly hostile to the Administration. Mr. Ewbank, as soon as lie could find time to look into the case, responded that he had nothing whatever to do with the matter in question—that the advertisement had been given out by bis elerb, whose duty it was to attend to that business, who had selected the papers to be employed in this instance from the offieiai list long ago furnished him from the Department of the Interior, and knew no more whose corns he was excoriating than Mr. Ewbank himself! And these are but specimens of the paltry annoyances and dis creditable tittle-tattle to which Mr. Ewbank has been exposed by his greedy and malicious One of the gravest charges preferred from time to tifne against Mr. Ewbank was that of altering Dr. Lee’s manuscripts !-Mhat is to sav, theßCommissioner of Patents, in an offi cial document of the gravest importance, to be issued under his own signature, and on his official responsibility, saw fit to modify some expressions prepared for hint by one of the jclerksrand not allow- that clerk, employed expressly to prepare matter for his use, to dictate precisely what he should use or what terms he should employ in using it. These aifeStations were in no respect material, so far *3 the public interests were concerned, but k they were sometimes quite important to the thriftv clerk—for instance, the following, pre pared by him to be inserted in Mr. Ewbank’s last Report, but respectfully declined by the Commissioner, viz.: “Os this, it is believed that a better service will be done to the Cotton-growing interest to copy from the Southern Cultivator, (a monthly journal •published at Augusta, Ga., at a dollar a year, which should be in the hands of every planter.) some practical re marks on the preparation of Seed and Land.’ We very cheerfully give Mr. Lee a most extensive circulation of this puff of one of his papers, i.i order to let the public see what! sort of matter it was that Mr. Ew bank elimi- j nated from his Agricultural Report, He did not feel authorized to give the Southern Cul tivator the benefit of the circulation of this strong official puff in 140,000 copies pub lished by Congress of his Annual Report, to the disparagement and detriment of all other Agricultural papers; and this has been the subject of grave and formal complaint against the Commissioner! 111. IU II HH II i I‘ll I“l 111 Mil Southern SurntituL COLUMBUS, GEORGIA: THURSDAY MORNING,...DEC. 30,1852. The Closing Year. “To man’s false optics * * * * Time in advance behind him hides his wings, And seems to creep decrepid with his ago. Behold him when past by ; what then is seen But his broad pinions swifter than tiie wind ! And all mankind, in contradiction strange, Rueful, aghast, cry out on his career.” Young. That this picture is truthful as well as graphic, we are all witnesses as we approach the close of another year. Wyh its lights and shadows—with its hopes and fears—that year is now entombed with ail tiie past. Many entered upon it with buoyant spirits—with unclouded hearts—but they now sit down at its close to weep in sad mss. The season is appropriate to strict reflection. We read memoirs of other men’s lives, but seldom read our own. Now here is anew volume, just com pleted—it is tha new volume for 1852. Tiie an nualists mishad us by sending us their volumes in advance of the year, all radiant with hope as their exterior is adorned with every charm of art. But retrospection opens a graver, wiser volume, and it is already paid for—very dearly, no doubt—but all the better for that, if it now be carefully read and studied. When wo laid down the volume for 1851. it was not only with a feeling of sadness and disappoint ment, but with an inviolable purpose, as we suppos ed, of ami mimerit and improvement for the future. Now we should examine this new record, whether we have been true to these better aspirations, faith ful to this purpose. Perhaps there is no one thing in which we are more radically at fault. It is much easier to propose an amendment than to make it. The fault ins in our procrastination. We purpose a great revolution during the year, but each day, as it comes and goes, is not that year, and is suffered to glide away with out bearing any part in the purposed amendment. And, h< nee, when the year closes, it brings with it the same feeling of sadness and disappointment. Now, the way to avoid this folly is, to make each day as it pusses bear its full part in the appropriate business of an earnest life, “No day without a line,” was the pool’s maxim. A dav suffered to pass without its line, is what mathematicians call a neg ative quantity in the sum of life—not merely no addition, but a real subtraction. It is sad when one i§, unable, at the close of the year, to balance his accounts. Nor is it less disas trous that we suffer the debtor side of life’s account to accumulate upon ns. For one day the settlement must come. It was not without good reason, therc i fore, that a writer, some time before Senega, deliv | cred this rule—“ Whatsoever thy hand nrkktii to ■ do. do it with thy might.” ‘ :a The City Officers. In selecting an agent to manage his business, a prudent man always inquires into his business qual ifications, before he entrusts his interests into his hands. If he is a man of capacity, of experience, of tact ; if lie has managed his own business well; if he is honest, he is preferred before his competitors, who are deficient in any of these qualifications. By similar considerations should we be governed in selecting officers to manage the public interests. The names of a number of excellent citizens have been proposed in connection with the offices of May or and Aldermen. It is difficult to decide be tween some of them, but if each voter will select the best men proposed in each ward, and give them their hearty support, the public interest will be promoted, and the well being of every resident in the city enhanced. In a local election like this, no respect should be paid to the political opinions of candidates. Talent, character, energy and public spirit, are the only tests of fitness for the offices, and all extraneous influences ought to be disregarded. Christmas Greetings. Better late than never. A merry Christmas, then, to you all. And pray excuse us for not greeting you earlier. We only speak to you once a week, and as Christmas would not come on Thursday, we have been compelled to la’. ‘hrough a week with hearts full of good wishes, v ’ n we now rejoice to utter, even at the close of the old year. A happy Christmas to you all—and tnay you all see three score and ten of these happy reunions before you “shufflo off this mortal coil,” and enter upon the fruition of a Christmas that will mver end. Christmas ‘ it is an inspiring t|icmc, and conjures up a thousand blessed memories. The big Christ mas log, how cheerily it blazed jn life’s early morn, when the old arm chairs were graced by the vener able forms of father and mother, and we “young folk” prattled about their kneep, and basked in the sunshine of their benignant smiles ! It is a holy time, and is hallowed not only by the kindly greet ings of the living, but by the pleasingly mourn r ul memory of the dead, upon whose gravis the hand of love will scatter flowers, for want of power to con fer more costly gifis upon the noble hearts which moulder beneath. Thank God for Christmas, and all the blessings which it brings in its train. Professor McCay. The press iu Georgia lias been making loud lamen tation over thji imported death of this accomplished scholar and gentleman. We would also have robed our paper in mourning over the melancholy event aud paid a passing tribute to his memory, if we had not had the pleasure of meeting the gentleman and shaking him cordially by the hand after the period cf his supposed decease. We are happy to be able to contradict the report. The Professor has return ed to Athens with renewed health, and we hope will be spared for many years to adorn the station he so ably fills in the State Univeisity. .Military. At an election, held on Monday night last, at the company room of the City Light Guards, Mr. Thom as W. Schoonmaker was elected 2d Lieutenant, and Mr. Thomas J. Nuckolls was elected 4th Lieu-, tenant. We congratulate our young friends upon their promotion. And now that the company is ably officered, we appeal to the members of the company to furnish themselves immediately with the new aud splendid uniform which the company has adopted, and make the City Light Guard* the crack company in Georgia. President Pierce's Cabinet. We do not know that the New Hampshire Patriot is the recognized organ of President Pierce At any rate, the President’s law office is in the building occupied a3 the printing office of the Pat riot. and we may reasonably suppose that the in timate association which such cloe contact forces upon the parties, and the known kiud feelings which the President elect cherishes for the editor of the Patriot, have given him a clearer knowledge of lus views and designs in reference to Cabinet appoint ments, titan any one else possesses at this time. We have therefore read with considerable interest a very full article which has lately appeared in the Patriot. The editor ridicules the confident predictions of the opposition press, as to who will or who will not be cabinet officers, and while he thinks the Presi dent will receive kindly, all suggestions from his party friends in the various sections of the country, and deliberately canvass the claims of the distin guished individuals recommended, ho will act upon the principle that “Ais Cabinet must be a unit, ful ly harmonizing in all their views, cordially second ing t'-e determinations of the President, and vigo rously laboring to carry out every measure of pub lic policy to which the Administration may be com mitted.” If tliis rule is adhered to, the whole country will be satisfied. No Protective Tariff man. no advo cate of Internal Improvements by the Federal Gov ernment, no W’ilmot Proviso man or Abolitionist, and no Federalist or national Democrat, will have a place in the Cabinet. The Cabinet must be a unit. President Pierce is opposed to all these hateful men and measures. The correspondent of the New York Herald says : It is said that Genera! Pierce has determined upon five members of his cabinet. The pro babilities are, or rather the truth is, that R, M. T. Mu liter, of Virginia, Charles G. Greene, of the Boston Post, John A. Dix, of New-York, James Guthrie, of Kentucky, Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, and David Tod, of Cincinnati, are the unfortunate men. Rusk, of Texas, Slidell, of Louisiana, and W. M. Gv, in, and Me- Callister and Weller, of California, are spoken of for the other two places. Cass, Buchanan, Marcy, and the old fogy stock generally, is down. Young America and State Rights say they are highly gratified. If the Cabinet is indeed to be a “unit,” John - A. Dix, of Now York, will baldly find a place in it. The State Rights Democracy will be delighted with Hunter and Davis. They arc able and true men. With some of the others we have but slight knowl edge. Murder. A man by the name of Hancock was killed in this city, during the Christmas Holidays, by a mail named Macklerath. Homicides are too common in our community. Our lives are not safe. Shooting, stab bing and other outrages on the person are too fre quent. The remedy consists in a fearless enforcement of the law*. Macki.kratii has been arrested an.l safely lodged in jail. Washington Correspondence of the Sentinel. Washington, December, 1852. The health of Col. King has been such for the last week as to cause ids friends some apprehension, as he has been confined to his room for several days past. He is reported better to-dav, but iiis malady !>■ ing of a pulmonary character, only hopes are en tertained of a speedy recovery. Already tiie quid mines are ominously shaking their empty heads, and arranging the succession, for in the event of his death, tiie Presidency of the Senate would he tilled by a vote in that body, and the pe: son selected would be de facto Vice President of the Urnted States. The Cass or Oid Hunker faction of the party have already named their man, Mr. Bright, of 1n...- ana, and the canvassing has been active for liim.it is said. The Southern men are not disposed to an ticipate the decrees of Providence, or kill Colonel King prematurely*, and they therefore very quietly await his restoration to health, or any other result. The North having the President, ill tiie event of any such calamity as is apprehended, the South would of course be entitled to supply his place with a South- ern man. But such speculations are not. in good taste, and the premature action of some of the Old Fogies has rather disgusted less p-ogressive orantie ipative politicians. As regards wire working for of fices. either in the Cabinet or out of it, Gen. Pierce ?givcs cold comfort to over anxious patriots. Sever at letters of advice that have been written to letii have been consigned to the Dead Letter Office, and all the cliques and cabals have made nothing out of him. If you ever witnessed the pertinacity off the spider in renewing his broken web, time after time, you can form a faint idea of the resolution displayed by sundry schemers in making Cabinets and parti tioning out offices for the President, “nolus vnlusfi as Gen. Taylor classically observed. They will pro bnbly get their labor for. their pains, and nothing else. The assurances of the few in his confidence, and a recent editorial in the Concord Pahiot, indi cate his fixed purpose of acting independently; while earnestly seeking information from every proper source, he does not and will not commit him self to any’ man or set of men, but intends t<> eon suit his own individual judgment, without reference to the rules of action laid down for his government by bis self-constituted guardians, whether coming from New York, Virginia, or elsewhere. So much for a topic which occupies much of men’s (aye and women’s) minds here. VYith reference to the doings of Congress, you will observe that they are most diligently and discreetly doing nothing. If “the best Government is that which governs least,” according to the motto of the old Democratic Re view, then carrying out the principle and demonstra ting that that is better still which does not govern at all, Mr. Fillmore’s Administration must be regarded as the climax of good government. The Adminis tration is not even a cipher. Its net valito cannot be -estimated even at 0. It simply is a negation, and nobody minds the Message or the accompanying documents except for the estimates and statements they contain. Every body in and out of Congress, except the Cabinet officers, wait impatiently for the installation of the new powers that are to sweep away the old rubbish, and in the interval, Congress amuses itself with such speculative questions as Mr. Webster’s eulogies, Mr. Clay's vacant seat in the Senate, and the tariff question in the House. The President’s recommendations, most cf which were embraced in bis last Message, will share the same fate this time. They will not even be deemed wor thy of notice, but will be allowed quietly to sink into the depths of old papers, unregarded and unretnem bered, except by the public printer. The Census Report is about the most interesting of all these documents; but it is not new, for the en terprise of the New York Herald gave it to the pub lic in advance, long ago. In that document are to be found the most striking and irrefragible proofs of the progress of the people in ail the pursuits of ac tive life and natural comfort. Spiritualities of course it don’t deal with, but these are considered seconda ry in this new age of mingled grid and iron. A summary of Congressional proceedings during the period they have been in session, would not re quire more titan two paragraphs, but they may yet get to work after the Christmas holydays. The fa ther of the Homestead Bill, Mr. Bennett, of New York, has pitched into Col. Benton, and handled that portentous old pedagogue without gloves. lie shows up the Ynsimerity, the inconsistency, and the humbug of that “Pater Senatus,” (as he loves t<> style himself.) and proves by extracts from his own speeches, that he (Benton) has advocated measures precisely similar to those ho now so bitterly denoun ces. Mr. Bennett has also addressed a second letter to Hon. A. C. Dodge, of Wisconsin, who backed Benton in his onslaught, which i* equally ©xcrucia ting. We who are opposed to all these land appro- j printing propositions, of course have no sympathies j to squander upon any of these combatants ; but if a j grand stealing match is to be entered upon, justice j demands at least an equitable division ot the public ! spoils, on the principle of “honor among thieves.” j These Western gentlemen desire a monopoly of tiie ! public plunder which Bennett’s Bill proposes divi- ‘■ ding. If we have more land than we know what to do with, it is rather curious that tiie cry should be for more annexation. Yet so it is, and our exi gencies seem to render it imperative. The encroach meats of foreign powers, and the active intervention of England and France in the West Indies and the Mexican possessions, wiil force on the incoming Ad ministration the assertion of the Monroe doctrine, as to the imperative duty of preventing the interposi tion of such foreign powers in the afiairs of this con tinent. The movements of England in Mexico, and of France, with the connivance of England, in San Domingo, and Sonora, show a foregone conclusion. There is evidently an entente cordials between those powers, the consequences of which immediately or mediately wo will feel, and therefore it will be best for us to take tiie initiative, and let thos- powers know that we comprehend their policy, and stand prepared to frustrate it, peaceably if we can, forcibly if we must. This is a far different matter from Fillibustering, i for that is all on the side of these foreign powers, i Let any intelligent man examine the proceedings in the places designated and reflect on their ultimate ! consequences, and lie will see the necessity of prompt ! and decided frustration. If tins Union is to endure, (and such seems the popular verdict.,) what edecton the general prosperity must he produced by allow ing foreign nations to obtain that foothold on this continent, which President. Monroe so solemnly pro bated against. The most cautious conservative (even stitching that term to cowardice) never accu sed him of fillibusterisin. Yet even in his day, such insolent interference would not bet Aerated. We c rtainiy have progressed far beyond the stand point of bis day. li remains to be seen whether the men of this time possess less foresight or less nerve than their ancestors. The French interposition is intend ed to stop tiie Westward flight of American Em pire. by intervening a colony between the Mississip pi and the Pacific. Count Boulton is not tiie “mere adventurer” lie is flippantly styled, nor is the Sono ra movement a mere outside one. On tiie contrary, an abundance of proof exists to show it to be the last one of a series of movements, the object of which is to cluck the United States in their expansive de velopment ; and France in this is but tiie conveni ent cat’s paw of Great Britain, whose sagacious and farseeing policy compasseth the globe itself, as it boasts its drum-heat dots. The San Domingo operation touches us yet more nearly, and here France and England move in con cert. The evidences of this you shall have very shortly, the necessity of expediting this letter to catch the mail conveyance, preventing it at present. The future is big with important events. The lull in our domestic disturbances—scarcely a lull, however, though apparently so—seems to have loosened the elements of foreign disturbance, as that rash wight who opened the bags in the caves of Eolus sent forth the prisoned winds. In two months’ time, we shall have anew order of tilings, and then these matters will no longer be left to the uncertain and timid diplomacy of an effete faction, and imbecile Administration. In these new movements tiie South must either take a prominent part, or expect to perform tiie ridiculous and degrading function of tiie tin kettle pendant to the canine caudal extremity. ANON. [TOR the sentinel.] Quincy, December 13, 1852. Col. Lomax —We were reminded, last Friday night, of some delightful evenings spent in Concert Hall last winter, when the voting gentlemen .of Co lumbps exhibited their Histrionic powers to crowded and admiring audiences. A Thespian Corps has been formed in tliis village, which might vie in tal ent with any amateur company whose performances we have had the pleasure of witnessing. Gold smith's admirable comedy of “She Stoops to O n quer” was chosen for their debut, and though the night was dark and rainy, threatening to Ue more dark and rainy still, a goodly audience was gathered, ‘whose unbounded applause testified their appreciation of the talents of tiie performers. Every part was well sustained from good, honest, hustling Mr. Newcastle, whose character was most inimitably personated, to the waiters he so care fully drilled. The bashful, yet graceful lover and Hold, “agreeable Rattle,”-so different and yet the same, won bright opinions from others, besides the spirited and mischievous Kate Ilardeastle. Bur ton linns; if could not have perform'd Tony Lump kins wi h more irresistible humor than did his repre sentative on that evening. Every look and action was comic and apropos. Indeed, every part was so well sustained, it seems difficult to individualize Mrs. Ilurdciisile, Hastings and Miss Neville shared the honors of the evening, not forgetting tiie inimit able Diggery. Tiie farce of “Lend me Five Shillings !” closed the entertainment. Hi re, again, our triond “Tony,” as Mr. Golightiy, surpassed himself. Those who remember it, as performed by tiie Histrionics last winter, can imagine the mirth and ‘laughter its rep resentation excited. The corps will continue these exhibitions during tiie season—and tiie Christmas holidays are to be enlivened by the brilliant sallies of Thalicr, as well as enriched by the more splendid but darker genius of Melpomene. The next time tiie curtain rises, tragedy in ‘"gorgeous robes will come sweeping by,” for we understand Coleridge's great drama of “Re morse” is to be the subject of representation. Re morse was the last word on which the expiring eyes of John Randolph rested, with that long, lingering gaze, which, once seen, can never he forgotten. If the genius of tiie poet and the talent of the actor can give us even a faint i ha of what remorse really is. they will achieve a great moral work. Dramatic exhibitions like these, made bv til. sc whose charac ter we honor and esteem, may be made subservient to morality, as well us amusement. Tiie bow must be relaxed, lest the chord break from too long a tension. Business should not occupy all the thoughts nor the cares of life—engross the mind too exclusive ly. Even duty, though the handmaid of Heaven, may become a severe taskmistress, if site convert into a sin, all tiie rational and intellectual enjoyments of earth. God made tiie flower as well as the wheat. Di vest earth of all its ornaments, reserving alone what is indispensable to utility, and tiie footprints of the Deity would seem almost blotted out. A little amusement now and then, is “not a very dangerous thing.” C. L. JI. Sonthorn and Western Trade Convention. Baltimore, Doc. 19 The Southern and Western Trade Conven tion met at Baltimore on Saturday. Two hun dred delegates were in attendance. Senatoi Dawson presided. An address cf welcome to the strangers on the part of Baltimore, and re commending a concentration of trade in that city, was adopted. Resolutions conforming to the principles contained in the address were adopted, and the Convention adjourned to meet in Memphis or the first Monday in June. A splendid dinner was given after the adjourn ment, in the Hall of the Maryland institute, at which five hundred persons were present. — Speeches were made bv Dawson, Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Orr and others. The parly broke up at about ten o’clock. “Speeches were made by Dawson. Bredken ridge, Orr and others !” the usual finale of South ern conventions. Wo have long been convinced that commercial conventions were great absurdities. The course of trade can no more be turned by resolution* than the current of the Mississippi can be by a darn of mud ; but in one case as in the other, where the currents show an inclination to form anew channel, a very slight labor <vill pour through it in one in stance the mighty flood of the father of waters, and in the other the golden tide of commercial inter course. A mile of railway, anew steamer, some times a single bridge, will do more to direct trade ( into new channels than will all the commercial con | volitions in the United States. The experience of [ tile South on this subject is full to overflowing. It is ’ time to cease windwork, and to unite in pushing forward our great works of internal improvements, by which we propose to connect the waters of the Gulf with those of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In this connection, we desire,at an early day, to call the attention of the public generally, and of the peo ple of Savannah particularly, to the importance of extending the Girard Kail Road. Southern Quarterly Review. We insert, at the instance of a warm friend of the Southern Quarterly Review , and from a responsive sympathy for that literary enterprise, the appeal of its talented Editor in a private circular to its patrons, and to the friends of Southern Literature. We would add some comments if we thought we could strengthen then by the appeal thus plainly and forcibly made. Read it. and decide for yourselves, men of the South ; shall this able Review, so cred itable to the South—so useful—so valuable, go down, another monument of Southern inertness, arid in difference to Southern Literature, or shall it be sus tained as a monument of Southern intellect and cul tivation ?—Constitutionalist <j- Republic. Dear Sir : As one of the friends and patrons of the Southern Quarterly Review, l feel it due to you to state, that, unless some active influence is ex ercised in behalf of this work, its publication must be arrested. At present, it compensates neither the Publishers, the Contributors, nor the Editor. Not that its subscription is inadequate for the purpose, for its circulation is quite respectable ; but because of the great-difficulty of c-. fleeting small and scat tered sums from remote distances. It seems to be necessary that the subscription, at home, should be such as should place the work beyond contingency. If the friends of the Review, some twenty or thirty gentlemen, would take the matter in hand, and make it a point to use their influence in their re spective walks, so as to procure, each, ten or fi'teen subscribers, the end would he attained, fl his is the only effectual plan. To assess individuals, every now and then, to the tone of SIHO. or more, is un reasonable, and a practice rather injurious than oth erwise, to a healthy publication. To diffuse the work at a moderate rate, and increase its e rcu lation, is the proper process. It appears to me, that none of our public men, our politicians and oth rs. can object to the moderate subscription of s.'> per an num. We 1 amented when the original Southern Re view failed ; it lib ral subscription sustained the revival of it. In my hands, it has called for no assessments, and now that the risk of its failure is imminent, ] should prefer that til re should bo no assessment. Better let it perish than that a few gentlemen should be perpetually taxed for the benefit of all. If you and your friends wll take the matter in hand, and add three hundred names to the subscription list within the State, the work will go <>n prosperously. Let me add, that, whatever is done, it should be done quickly, and whenever possible, let the sub scription be procured in advance. 1 luve spoken to you frankly, as the necessity seems to justify ; and I trust 1 have spoken reasonably. It is, I think, in your power, and that of your friends, to relieve the work, by the process I suggest, and to enable it to pursue its career with vigor It is only necessa ry, I am sure, to tiring tli • case properly before our public men, and the enterprising among our citizens, to secure the success of a periodical which is admitted to be cssenti and to our public and sectional objects, honorable to our character, and particularly useful in the development of the talents of our young men. Yours, very truly. &e., W. GILMORE SIMMS. Congressional. Baltimore, Dec. 21. The health of the Hon. W. R. Iking is no better. In the U. S. Senate on Tuesday, toe resolutions to confer the rank of Lieutenant General on Major General Scott bring under consideration, were sup ported by the Hon. Lewis Cass of Michigan, James Shields of Illinois, and ‘he lion. Solon Bor land of Arkansas, and opposed by the lion. S. P. Chase of Ohio, and the Hon. Stephen Glams of Mississippi. The resolutions were ultimately pass ed by a vote of 3 l to 12. The Hon. W. F. DeSaus sure and the 11011. A. P. Butler, of South Carolina, voted in the affirmative. The House of Representatives took up in Com mittee of the whole that, portion of the President’s Message relative to the Tariff. Mr. Clingman’s motion to adroit railroad iron free of duty was de feated. Tt is at length reputed that an effort will be made in th ■ House to take notice of tile acquisition of S:i rnana by the French, and the annexation of Sonora. Baltimore, Dec. 22. 111 the IT. S. Senate on Wednesday, the bill for the construction of a railroad to the Pacific was made the special order of the day for the 10th of January. In the House of Representatives, that portion of the President’s Message relative to Commerce, arnl Rivers and Harbors, was taken up and referred to the appropriate committee. The bill for fixing the compensation of members of Congress at S2OOO was also taken up. The health of the lion. W. R. King has slightly improved. Baltimore, Dec. 23. In the U. S. Senate on Thursday, the Hon. James M. Mason, of Virginia, offered a resolution calling on the President for the notes from France and England proposing a tripartite treaty relative to Ctt ba. Mr. Mason said that he opposed any itjtei ference with the existing relations between Spain and Cuba, but that the time w< nld come when annexation would be inevitable. The Hon. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, concurred in Mr. .Mason's views, anil re probated a stand-still policy. Meeting of English Femal Abolitionists. — On lho 26th ult.. :i meeting of “the ladies of Eng land” was convened by the Duchess of utherland. at Stafford House, for the purpose of addressing a memorial to the ladies of the United States, cal linn on them to use their influence for the abolition of negro slavery. The address agreed to disclaim any political motives —acknowledging the share Britain had in the introduction of slavery into her colonies —deplores the interdiction of religious instruction to her slaves, and suggests as the means of abolish ing the institution that the ladies of America, “as sisters, as wives, and as mothers, raise their voices to their fellow citizens, and their prayers to God, for the removal of this affliction from the Christian world/’ It transpires, however, that a subscription is to be collected as an auxiliary to this end. It may be interesting to know that the names of the ladies present, or who signified their concurrence with the meeting were the Duchesses of Sutherland, Bedford, Argyll, Dowager, of Beaufort, Countesses of Derby. Carisle, Shaftsbury, Litchfield ; Viscoun tesses Palmerston, Melbourne; Ladies Constance, Grovsvenor, Dover, Cowley, Ruthven, Belbriven, Trevelzan, Parke, Ilathorton,. Blantyre, Lufferin. East hope, Paxton, Caye, Shuttleworth, Buxton, Engles, Mayoress ; Mesdams Charles Dickens, Al fred Tennyson, Mary Ilowitt, Charles Knight. Mur ray Macaulay, Rowland llill, with others of lesser position. The reader will concur with us, that ‘‘the ladies of England” can find objects of charity nearer home —white slaves—who stand in greater seed of their “philanthropy” than the sleek, well-fed ne groes of America. J [From the Southern Herald Extra, 23d inst. ] Georgia Annual Conference. This body adjourned yesterday evening about 6 o’clock—at which time the Bishop announced as follows the stations of the Preachers : Augusta District- -G. W. Glenn, P. E. Savannah Triiiiti Church—Win. M Crumley. Andrew Chapel and Is!.- of Hope—To be supplied. Chatham and Byran— -Wm. B. Mellan. Springfield—Daniel J. Myers. Seri veil —Alexander Averrtt. Waynesboro—Daniel Kelsey. Burke colored Mission—Alfred B. Smith. Fail haven Mission—Alexander Gordon. Richmond —Robt. A. Conner. Louisville —T. S. L. Harwell. Augusta —-J. P. Turner. Colored Charge-—J. M. Austin. Columbia — Edwin White. Liueolnton —John S. Dunn. Washington —Caleb W. Key. Wilkes--Wesley P. Arnold. Warrenton —F. F. Reynolds. Sparta —.Josiah Lewis. Jeff. Colored Mission—R. J. Harwell. Hancock Mission —To be supplied. Athens District —Wm. J. Parks, P. E. Athens Station-—Alfred T. Mann. Colored Charge—. John 11. Grogan. Lexington —Albert Gray, W. S. Baker. Watkinsvillc —W. J. Cotter, -T. R. Littlejohn. Factory Mission —W. 11. C. Cone. Elberton —W. H. Hebbard. Broad River Mission—A. J. Devors. i Carnesville —11. 11. Parks. J. 11. Harris. Greensboro —J. W. Yarborough. Madison St. —Joseph S. Key. Morgan Ct. —John 13. V\ ardlaw. Kingston Mission —11. Cranford. Covington and Oxford —W .A. Florence, J. S. Ford. Monroe —D. Crenshaw. Emory College—G. F. Pierce, A. Means, and W. J. Sasin tt. Madison Female College —J. 11. Echols. G. Jeff. Pearce, Agt. Am. Bible Society. Gainesville Dist.—Geo. Bright, P. E. Gainesville —J. R. Owen. Lawrenceville —W. 11. Thomas. Canton—J. D. Pitehford. Dahlom-ga—D. Blaylock. W. P. Clontz. Clarkesville f. H Mashburn. Clayton Mission —To be supplied. Murphy—E. L. Stephens. Blairsville—J. \V . Carroll. State Lim—Win. Lively. Ellijay— W. Graham, (one to be supplied.) Marietta District —Jaqies 13. Paine, P E. Marietta Station —-Charles \. Full wood. Circuit —Alfred Durnatu, Win. D. Sh a. Cassville—M. A. Clontz. Rome Station —D. B. Cox. Circuit—And. Neese, W. P. Pledger. CJhoun—John Strickland. Spring Place — l 11. Clark. Dalton —(one to he sup.) R. H. Maters. Lafayette—A. C. Bruner. Summerville —S. C. Qudlian. Subligna —Lewis 13. Pay lie. Dade Mission—J. W. Brady. Dallas Mission—W. J. Wardlaw. J. 11. Ewing, Agent Cherokee VS esh-yan In stitute. EaGrange Dist. J. C. Simmons, P. E. LaGrange St.—SV. It. Foote. Troup Ct.—-J. SV. Talley. Greenville Ct.—SV. P. Mathews. Franklin —L. N. Craven. Zebulon —Noah Smith, L. Q. Allen. Griffin —J. 13. Jackson. Fayetteville—M. Bellah. McDonald and Jackson—Sid. N T . Smith, J. G Paine. Atlanta—SSL 11. Evans. Decatur —J L. Davies, Wm. M. SS atts. New nan —George C. Clark, -J. Simmons. Carrollton Miss.—C. Trussell.J. G. SVolsey. Macon Dist. —Sami Anthony, P. E. Macon and Vinoville —E. SV . Spar, ilios. 11, Jordan. Colored Charge—John M. Bright, llethel Colored Mission —F L. Brantley. Milledgevillc and Bethel —Charles it. Jewett. Eato iton —J. W. Kn ghl. Clinton—J L. Pierce. Putnam Colored Mission—To be supplied. Mon tied lo—Richard Lane. Forsyth—• J. W. Fai mer, (one to be supplied.) Culloden—Robert D. Lester. Fort Valley—-lames Jones. Colored Mission —C. L. Hays. Perry—E. P. Bureh. Wesleyan Female College—E. 11. Myers, O. L. Smith, and J. M. Bonn II Columbus Dist.—fas. E. Evans. P. E. Columbus St. —SV. G. Conner, SV. It. Branham, (sup.) Colored Charge—To be supplied. Factory Mission—Wyatt It. Brooks. Taliiotton St.—l. SV. llinton. Circuit —Tims. 11. Whitby. Thiunaton—J. P. Dickinson. Hamilton—J. P. Duncan, M. SV. Arnold. Buena Vista—J. Blakely Smith. Lanier—-I. M- Marshail. Oglethorpe—J. Bradford Smith. Loviek Pierce, S. S. Agent. Lumpkin Dist. —SV . Knox, P. E. Lumpkin St. —C. SV . 1 human. Florence —-J. T. Turner. Launahassoe —-Jus. O. Varner. Amcricus —1). Williamson, gtarkville—Y F. T.'gnor. Culhbert —J. 11. Caldwell. Fort Gaines—T. It. Stewart, 11. Mellan. Dooly Mission —Dennis O'Driscoll. Colored Mission —To be supplied. Cliatt liooohee Mission —Joseph D. Adams. Jeffersonville Dist —SS . G. Parks, P. E. Jeffersonville —J. T. Smith. SandersvdL— M. C. Smith. P. C. Harris. Irwinton—SV. F. Conley. Vienna and Flint C<>l. Mission —Win. T. Nor man. and J. 13. McGebee. Telfair—Silas It. Cooper. Reidsvilie -John K. Sentell. j llinesville—J. W . Irawick. Dublin Mission —James M. Dickey. Mclntosh and Darien Mission — A. J. Reynolds. Emanuel Mission —To be supplied. Jesse Boring, A. M. Winn, Win. A. Simmons, J. C. Simmons, Jr., and R. W. Bigham, transferred i to Pacific Conference. Samuel J. Bella!), Wm. D. Bussey, Tbos C. ’ Coleman, Church well A. Crowell, and James Har ris, left without appointment on account of ill health or severe family affliction. Thus. C. Stanley, Chaplain L T . S Navy. Next Conference at Macon, Dec. 14th, lSi3. j O” An affray took place in our village on ! he ! 29th ult., between William Welsh, Samuel Banks and John Byrd, in which Byrd received a severe wound in the left side, penetrating the hollow, by a knife in the hands of Welsh. The parties (Welsh and Banks) were examined before Justice Mans fVJ, and Welsh discharged under a recognizance in the sum of four hundred dollars. Hanks, in de fault of bail, was committed, arid is now in jail. Byrd has since died of the wound, and Justice Mansfield promptly issued his wan ant for the ar rest of Welsh, and, while we write, the case is un dergoing examination.— Ga. Courier. North Carolina. —The Legislature of North ! Carolina adjourned sine die on Thursday last,'with- | out making choice of United States Senator. NEWS OFjmii WEEK. ARRIVAL OF THE CANADA. Cotton declined 1-4 a 3 8(1. Charleston, Dec. 24 The steamer Canada arrived at Halifax at r„ MI on Friday with advices from Liverpool to the i)th The steamer Pacific arrived at Liverpool at mid night on the 10th. Liverpool Market —Cotton of ail qualities bad declined ohe-Fu-tbing tof three, eighths —fair Coit m was in most demand. The sal sos the week reach 25.001) bales of which speculators took 3,000 and exporters KlO bales. Fair Orleans quoted at six ■ Middling five seven-sixteenths; Fair Upland five penoe thr © farthings. From Washington. —lt was rumored at Wash ington that Senator Hunter had gone to Concord by the invitation of Gen. 1 ierce. ICT The late advices from England have caused a good deal of excitement in iron Common bars have sold as high as SO2 50 per ton, and rails S7O O” Ice was made on Tuesday night on the 1 J, rsey shores even, and it is said that tire Hudson in the in ighborhood of Albany w ill soon be “naviga ble for foot passengers.” Death ok Jidge Taylor. —We regret to learn that a private letter was received in the city day j before yesterday, announcing the decease of thi j lion. SS m. Taylor, of Randolph county, Judge of J the South Western Circuit of this State. IT Vice President King, it is said, has so far re covered that he nt) longer requires the attendance of a physician, Rinl it is confidently hoped that he may soon appear in the Senate chamber. Important Trial. —On Wednesday, in the Su perior Court of this county, Hon. A. Iverson prtsi ding, was tried a case of much interest ami involving a considerable amount of money. The case and points are as follows : The State of Georgia, Ex-relatione, Philip \, Clayton, vs. the Bank of St. Mary's. Case to re cover penalty for circulating Change Bids. Verdict for the Plaintiff, for the use of Philip A. Clayton, for $47,500, with costs of s#!t. On the trial of this case, plaintiff proved that the Bank had paid away Iso of these bills. The pen alty was SSOO for each bill so paid away. At the sessmn of the Legislature ot 1851, the State pardoned or remitted the penalty. The Court held! that this pardon or remission only extended to (fa part, and did not affect the part going to the Relator, consequently Ihe verdict was rendered for that, por tion of the penalty belonging, by the act of the Legislature, to the Relator. B -sides this case we un lerstand there are several others pending. —Columbus Times. OCT Another ballot was hi! fora U. S Smotor in the Legislature of North Carolina on Friday last, when Mr. Dobbin came within o:tc vote of being elected. Previous to the ballot, the Wings with drew Mr. Raynor an 1 n miiuat and Mr. Woodpin, who received 7fi voles, against 8J for Mr. Dobbin. Decline of Property in New Orleans. —Ac- cording to the returns of tin- assessors of Ne.v Orl eans, there has been a decline in the value of prop erty ill the city of three millions three hundred and ninety-two thousand three hundred and forty iws dollars within the past year. Death of Horatio Grkenougii. — We learn from the Boston Trims ri/>t that the death ol Ho ratio Greenough, whose serious illness was announ ced a short time since, took place on Saturday morn ing after a severe attack of brain fever. Mr. Green* ongh was well known as a sculptor of distinguish ed genius. He was horn in Boston, in the year 1805, and took his first degree at Harvard Univer sity in 1825. 1 Lis principal pro lueti ms are the colossal statue of Washington, in the capitof; the Chanting G 1 eruhs. executed in 1828, for Mr. Ft-m ----more Cooper ; the Medora, finished in 1851, f>r Mr. Robert Gilmore, of Baltimore ; the Rescue, and busts of .John Quincy Adams, -Jo-iali Quincy, and several other eminent personages. Ho had re cent'}’ been engaged on the eqiiesturiau statue of Washington, to be erected in Union Park, Xw York. Mr. Greenough was a man of liberal and varied accoruplishmen’s, of aitraetive manners, and vigorous intellect. His loss will be deeply felt in the private circles, of which lie was an ornament, no less than in the world of Art, where he had at tained to such a wide celebrity. Convicti n and Suic — The trial of young : Byrd, of Albany, in this State, for killing Newton ! Jones las’ fill, came off’ at the late term of Baker j Court, and occupied nine days. The jury return j eda verdict of Voluntary manslaughter. Byrd listened : to the verdict in silence, returned to prison, shaved | himself, wrote to his father and other friends, aid then took prussic acid, from which he died immedi atcly.— Sno. Republican. Mr. Wadlev. —The Chattanooga Advertiser j contradicts, on the authority of Mr. Wadlev himself, ; the statement in the Atlanta papers of his contem plated resignation as Superintendent of the State ! Road. SLP It will be seen that the Rev. W . G. Conner, ’ who has been stationed in this city the past two | yea a, has b. en transferred to Columbus, and tbo Rev. J. P. Turner appointed to fill his place in this city. It is with deep regret bis c-mgn-gatiou will part with him, for he has been a faithful and hard worker in the good cause, and has been instrumen tal, bv his z< a! and eloquence, in bringing many a sinner among us to a sense of the dreadful verge on whi.-h they were standing.— Con. *J- Rep. Theatre.— The famous Countess of Lrndsfeldt made her first appearance last night to a very crow ds 1 house. She is graceful well formed, light enough of loot, and may be called comely. Asa dancer litis not any very striding point*. She has sufficient command of her well turned limbs, but does not throw them about at that feariul rate wh.ch excites tin- alarm of an inexperienced spectator. What the French call tours de force sho do s not at all attempt. The first dance was not so much admired, ihe second, the “Spider dance,” is a unique and express iv -dance, and w is executed, wo think, with a very high degree of skill. At the close of each piece the applause -as quite boisterous, ami the fair performer had to come twice before the curtain, at the last call making a brief expression of her thanks, which was exceedingly ‘ - egant and touching, and delivered in very choice language. This was the and -elded “hit of the n.ght. Lola Monte/, has a very attractive person and eves of singular clearness and dept ) of expression. These, we imagine, wi h lier soft and feeling voice, are the source of those wonderful fascinations which, it is said, she exerts over those who approach her, when she is in the vein. To-night she repeats the spider dance; aml to morrow night it is understood that site will make her appearance inn play that embodies some ot tie striking adventures of her own h |e - Ain ‘.t.e Tribune. Hr ii Price of Negroes. —On last sale day ;!1 this place, some thirty Negroes were sold at enor mous prices, ranging from five hundred dollars . -r children, to one thousaud and fifty dollars l |,r a [Cassville Standard. PRESERVING EGGS. Why are eggs preserved by rubbing them with butter? Because the butter closes the pores in the shell, by which the communicat or ot the embryo with the external air takes !'y.“ • The embryo, however, is not thus killed. * tiish has a similar effect. Reaumur coverea effir S with spirit varnish, and found them ca P‘ producing chickens alter two ’’ears, i•* the varnish was carefully removed