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a-b'aaiijimT srosKß'aia
EDITED AND PIBUSHtT) WEEKLY, RY
WM. B . II A It It I H O A .
CITY PRINTER.
BROTHER MAS!
BY COODWYK BARM BY.
God is One, and we are Two—
Brother man, brother man ’
W herefore make so much ado r
y\ by should differ I and you ?
God is one, and we arc two—
Brother man, brother man ’
W e are wrong, and God is right—
Brother man, brother man I
Why should difference end in light ?
Why should good bo quelled by might ?
We are wrong, and God is right—
Brother man, brother man I
W e are beads, and God the string—
Brother man, brother man !
Ts wo do not closely cling,
Snapped will be the jewelled ring ;
We ore beads, and God the string—
Brother man, brother man !
Wo are parts, and God is All—
Brother man, brother man !
Should our body’s members brawl,
Would it not the brain appal !
We are parts, and God is All-
Brother man, brother man I
Wo arc limbs, and God the Head—
Brot! ter man, brother man !
W ere the arms to contest led,
Bruises o’er ,lie frame would spread j
Wear* limbs, and God the Head
Brother man, brother man !
Wcarc children—God our Sire—
Brother matt, brother man 1
Lot to II im each heart aspire,
As to Heaven fiamoth fire;
We are children—God our Sire—
Brother inan, brother man !
God has spoke it; we shall see—
Brother man, brother man i
All mankind shall brethren be,
Like the stars in unity—
God lias spoke it; we shall see—
Brother man, brother ntan !
‘•Grievous Words stir up Auger.’
We extract the following essay on the
above proverb, from a work recently pub
lished, eniitled “Proverbsfor the People.”
There is much admirable writing in this
work, which will amply repay perusal:
“ It has been said that an Irishman is at
peace, only when he is in a quarrel; a
Scotchman is at home, only when lie is
abroad; an Englishman is contented, only
while finding fau.t with something or some
body ; and, just here let us add, that
a captious, busy, blustering, impetuous
American Is at the height, of ftjticiiy, only
while he is in all these tumultuous condi
tions at the same timo. Place of birth
and peculiarity of dialect matters not;
wherever tho graceless cynic throws a
ronnd him “ the rhinoceros skin of impu
dence,” the identity of his character is
fixed, and is very likely to remain un
changed. His misanthiopic heart is a
fountain of bitterness, whose incessant
llow indicates a disp sitiou perpetually
perverse. By a few masterly outlines, the
great bard has piesented a vivid portrai
ture of the censorious man. *• Thou wilt
ijuaitol with a man that hath a hair more,
or hair less, in his beard, than thou hast.
Thou wilt quarrel with a man for cracking
nu’s, having no other reason but because
thou hast hazel eyes ; what eye, but such
an eye, would spy out such a quarrel ?
Thy head is as full of quarrels, as an t'2<r
is full of meat.”
“Says Solomon, ‘An ungodly man
diggeth up evil; and in his lips there is a
burningfire. A forward man sowethstrife ;
and a whisperer separateth chief friends.’
Instead of ‘ covering all’ in the spirit of
the gospel; the captious are most busy in
digging up evil; they ‘search for hid
treasure,’ black and foul as their own
loathsome spi it, and take the greatest de
light in reviving what had been long bu
ried, only to invest it with aggrava ing cir
cumstances and more envenomed life.
Such a perturbed and wretched anarchism
goes forth wi'h diligent hand to sow the
seed of strife in every furrow of society,
seed that spring up only in tempests, and
generate the worst pestilence from the rot
ten fruits they produce.
“ It is not uncommon for this class of
persons to assign good motives for their
bad deeds. A divine proverb says, ‘ A
hypocrite with his mouth destroyeth his
neighbor.’—Haman, under a pre’ence of
loyalty, attempted to destroy a whole na
tion. Ziba, under the same false garb,
would have destoyed his neighbor. Ahab,
the lying prophet, from mere wilfulness,
ruined his brother. The hypocrite’s mouth
is * a world of iniquity,’ it contains 4 a lit
tle member, always armed and ac'ive a
gainst true greatness, a weapon fearfully
destructive since, as the apostle James de
clares, it is * set on fire of hell.’
“ To conciliate thecensorious i.s almost
impossible. They are usually the most
obdurate, because most prejudical; there
fore they are the last to appreciate kind
ness, and least susceptible to conviction.
“ All seems infected that the infected spy,
And all seems yellow to the jaundiced eye,”
The influence of such individuals is well
stated in the following Scripture: ‘ The
north wind bringeth forth rain : so doth a
backbiting tongue an angry countenance.’
To suppress rage is undoubtedly a duty,
but it is a task the hardest to perform iti
the presence of those who are constantly
finding fault. The evil is aggravated by
the fact that those who are most 'antulizing
are always the most unworthy of regard.
The most contemptible foes are the most
annoying; as Southey has said,
44 • Quick am 1 to feel
Little ills, —perhaps o’erhasty ; summer gnats,
Finding mv cheek unguarded, may infix
Their skin-deep stings, to vex and irritate;
But if the wolf or forest boar be nigh,
lam awake to danger. Even so
Bear Ia mind of steel and adamant
Against all greater wrongs.’
“ G rievous words are tho’cil which aug
ments the flame of passion and intensifies
its heal; fur this reason they should he
studiously repelled and repressed. Says
an old and wise counsellor, ‘ When men
are provoked, speak gently to them, and
they will he pacified; as the Ephraimites
were by Gideon’s mildness: whereas,on
alike occasion, by. Jeptha’sroughness they
were exasperated, and the consequences
were bad. Reason will he better spoken,
and a righ'cous cause bettei pleaded, with
meekness, than with passion ; ltatd argu
ments do best with soft words.’
“In the second place, the censorious
man usually complains without sufficient
cause. In all waters there are some fish
that love to swin against the stream ; and
in every community persons are to be
found wh i delight in being opposed to eve
rybody else. Demand a reason for their
obstinate dissent, and you will probably
obtain a reply about as intel igent and
magnanimous as the one recorded in the
following lines :
“ ‘I do not like you Doctor Fell,
The reason why, I cannot tell,
But—l do not like you Doctor Fell.’
“ It is painful to see persons thus* fret
ting in their own grease, ’ as anger with
out reason is like fire under an empty ket
tle, it burns the vessel to no purpose.
Such a frantic member of society i3 a furi
ous beast in his demeanor towards more
worthy associates, because the native im
pulse is grovelling and bestial which
sways himself. It was with a vain hope
of correcting this fatal eccentricity, that
nurke wrote as follows to his cautious
friend Barry, while studying his art at
Rome, ‘ That you have just subject of in
dignation always, and of anger often, l do
no ways doubt; who can live in the world
without some trial of his patience? But
believe me, my deal Barry, that the arms
with which the ill-dispositions of the wot Id
are to he combatted, and the qualities by
which it is to be reconciled to us, and we
reconciled to it, are moderation, gentleness
a little indulgence to others, and a great
deal ofdis rust of ourselves; which are
not qualities of a mean spirit, as some may
possibly think them, but virtues*of a great
and noble kind, and such as dignify our
nature, as much as they contribute toour
repose and fortune ; for nothing can be so
unworthy of a well composed soul as to
pass away lifo in bickerings and litiga
tions • in enar ing and scutfling with every
one about us—Again and again, my dear
Barry, we must he at peace with our spe
cies, if not for their aakes, yet very much
for our own.
“ Stiff necks are always diseased ones,
and trees that are hollow are the most un
bending; but their inflexibility is the pro
duct and proof ofuusoundness rathei than
of strength. A delicate and flexile dem
eanor is a prominent trait in polished life.
Iho hosti ity of the truly great is always
marked by courteous generosity ; while
mediocrity is perpe ually envious towards
orginal minds and magnanimous thoughts,
ihe undisciplined hatshne-s and furious
invective of such is the exponent of their
native meanness and the badge of predes
tined contempt. Says Schiller, “ How
should they, who know no other measure
of worth than the toil of acquisition and its
palpable results, he capable of estimating
the calm operation of taste upon the out
ward and iuwatd man, while they regard
the I irtuitous disadvantage of polite liter
ature, without is essential benefits. The
man without perception of form despises
all grace in eloquence as corruption, all
elegance in conversation as hypocrisy, all
delicacy and loftiness of demeanor as ex
aggeration and affectation. He can never
forgive it in thofavorite of the graces, that
as a companion, he adorns all circles, as a
man of business, moulds all heads to his
design, as an author imprints, pet haps, his
spirit on the whole of his century, while
he, the victim of drudgery, with all his
knowledge can command no attention, nor
move so much as a sfone from its place.”
California. —The Washington corres
pondent of the Tribune writes to that pa
per as follows :
“ Certainly one of the most important
rumors of the day, if it is true, is that Mr.
Benton has sent to California, by the last
steamship, another of his remarkable let
ters, addressed to the inhabitants of that
territory. The first rescript to the Cali
fornians was taken out last fall by Colonel
Fremont, and advised them to set up a
provisional government, without any pro
vision as to slavery. That document was
probably published, in San Francisco,
about the first of February last. From
what 1 learn 1 have reason to think that
Mr. Benton now advises the people ofCal
i oraia to insert a provision in temporary
system for the eternal exclusion of slavery
from their soil, and that he advocates or
rather commends it with all his character
istic energy and power. 1 cannot doubt
that his recommendations will be follow
ed. If this report is true—and I have no
doubt at all of it—it goes to confirm the
expectations of Senator Benton's warmest
friends, and to indicate that he has ranged
himself beside Clay, Haywood, and other
wise aud distinguished men of the slave
States, with Seward, Van Buien and Web
ster of the free, not only to resist the exten
sion but to provide for the eradication of
American negro slavery.”
From the National Intelligencer.
Lectures on Athens and Attica.
The first Lecture of Professor Koeppen
on Athens and Attica was well attended,
and exceedingly interesting ; and, for the
entertainment of our readers abroad, we
shall record a few of the more prominent
statements made by the lecturer.
After giving an account of the imperfect
knowledge of Grecian archaeology and to
pography during the Turkish dominion in
Greece, he proceeded to comment upon
ancient Attica, which he pronounced the
heart of that renowned country of antiqui
ty whence all our most vivid impressions
of the heroic ages have been derived.—
The perseverance of the Greeks in main
taining their nationality, and their heroic
deeds, the exalted character of their poets
and orators, their historians and moralists,
were all described in a manner which riv
eted the attention of the audience ; and
the effect of his remarks was greatly height
ened by his elaborate descriptions of the
climate and romantic mountain scenery of
Greece.
The relics of antiquity in ancient Greece
were first explored in 1533, and at that
time, in the city of Athens, a museum was
founded, which soon contained no less
than two thousand specimens of ancient
art.
In the midst of all the circumstances at
tending the removal to Athens of King
Otho in 1834, the Professor first entered
that beautiful city. At that time the nav
igation of the Mediterranean was confined
to a few British steamers, and he made
the passage from Malta to the Piraeus on
hoard a Greek sailing packet. That har
bor, which for centuries had presented
nothing but ruins, was now full oflifeand
motion. Armed vessels and quite a fleet
of coasting vessels were discharging their
cargoes of timber and provisions for the
new capital. Camels and mules were
employed by the hundred in carrying mer
chandise to Athens. Troops of glittering
Greek lancers, mounted upon beautiful
1 urkislt horses, added to the beauty of the
scene ; and it was in the midst of such a
cavalcade that the Professor rode a dis
tance of five miles, until lie reached the
city, when his eyes were charmed by the
temple of Theseus, the Areopagus, and
Acropolis.
A bustling activity pervaded the city,
the only hotel was crowded to excess, and
the streets were filled with strangers, for
eign ambassadors, and household officers.
I* rom the difficulty of procuring lodgings,
a number of ludicrous circumstances oc
curred. Tho odious Turkish ambassador
had the house assigned to him barricaded
against his entrance. He sat down, how
ever, unmoved, upm the steps,exclaiming,
God ts great, his will be done ” while the
gens d'arrncs were employed in effecting
an entrance. 1 his done, the owner of the
house, an indomitable Greek widow, still
refusing to yield her ground, the soldiers
took gently hold of the four corners of the
carpet on which she sat, and placed her
carefully in the middle of the muddy street,
where she quietly remained, denouncing
in a bitter manner both Bavarians anil
i urks, until taken away by her rela ives.
1 he first monument of antiquhy which
Professor Koeppen described was the
ilieseum, the best preserv ed of the Athe
nian temples. It is of the severe Doric
order, with a single peristyle, it has six
columns in the eastern and six in the wes
tern front; from the pavement to the apex
of the pediment the height is only thirty
feet, while that of the Parthenon is sixty
five, and that of the temple of Olympic
i Jove is eighty-five. In describing the beau
ty of this noble sanctuary the lecturer
observed, that although originally built of
the whites’ marble, it"has assumed, in the
cotnse of time, a rich golden hue, as if it
had been quarried, not from the bed of a
mcky mountain, butfiomthe golden light
of an Athenian sunset. He then briefly
narrated the history of this temple, sketch
ing, as he went along, its marble designs.
The eloquent lecturer now conveyed
his audience to the summit of the renown
ed Acropolis, and unfolded to them its
wonders. I his he described as ati im
mense rectangular rock, rising abruptly
from the plain to the height of one hun
dred and eighty feet. It is in the foim of
a coffin ; its length one thousand feet, an l
is width five hundred feet. Its direction
is rom northwest to southeast; hence it
uas necessary to build the Parthenon in
an oblique line,that it might face the east;
and this obliquity was no ed as giving the
tern, lea fine effect. In the most ancient
times lie Acropolis was the stronghold of
despotic power; afterwards, in the bright
days of the democracy, it became the
sanctuary of the gods and heroes, the sa
cred enclosure the national treasury, and
me museum of its masterpieces of art. It
was the heart of Athens, as Athens was
the heart of Attica. And now, by a de
cree of Otlio, it has again become the sa
cred museum of the nation.
Other wonders were briefly described
by the lecturer, and an elaborate account
given of the more recent excavations.
His hear! seemed to be in his subject, and
we doubt not that the efTect of bis lectures
will have a tendency to direct anew the
attention of our citizens to the study of
Grecian history.
G o o n Hit . —Theodore Parker savs,
“ Mr. Pacing-both-ways is a popular poli
tician in America, just now, sitting on the
fenr-e between Honesty arid Dishonesty,
and like the blank leaf between the Old
and New 1 estament, belonging to neither
dispensation.”
A Goon Toast. — The Temperance Ar.
m>j : The only army ever known where
each volunteer is a regular, and every pri
vate an orderly. May it soon become the
“ army of occupation” throughout the
world.
MACON, G A .
SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 31, 1849.
EpWe are indebted to the editors of the Sa
vannah Republican for an extra containing the
Foreign news brought by the Canada; —and New
York papers in advance of the regular mail,
brought by the splendid new steamship Tennes
see, which arrived at Savannah on Saturday night
last in sixty-four hours from New York, bring
ing out hfty one passengers.
Sable Melodists. —lt will be seen by refer
ence to the advertisement in another column,
that this company will give a concert in this city
tliisevening. They have been favorably noticed
where they have performed elsewhere.
Stabbing. — \Vc understand that a difficulty
occurred in this city on Wednesday last, between
John M. Bcrdine and James L. West, in
which the latter inflicted several severe wounds
with a knife on the arms of the former, which
may cause the loss of the use of one of them.
West xvas promptly arrested, and bound over
by E. E. Brown, Esq., in the sum of SI,OOO, to
appear at the Superior Court to be held in this
city in July next, to answer for the offence.
The Weather. —During the past week we
have had several frosts severe enough to destroy
most of the exposed vegetables in the gardens.
We learn that there are large fields of cotton up
in Houston and other c ‘unties below this, which
have scarcely escaped serious injury from these
frosts, if indeed they have not been destroyed.
For a day or two past, however, the weather
has become more pleasant.
Destructive Flood —The Detroit Adver
tiser states that property to the amount of two
hundred thousand dollars has been recently des
troyed by the flood at Chicago, and several lives
were lost.
STEAM.
Next to the discovery of the art of printing,
the application ofthis clastic fluid to machinery,
has done more for the amelioration ofthe human
condition than all the preceding and subsequent
discoveries in the arts and sciences. Annihila
ting space, drawing close together the most dis
tant nations, it brings the various races of the
human family in close association—equalizes the
discrepancies in civilization, and advances all to
a higher state ofimprovement in social existence
than they had before attained.
By it the merchant can send his goods to anv
distant port, calculating with almost absolute
certainty upon tho date of their arrival. Ad
verse winds and tides in vain oppose the advance
of his bark—they are as the mere ripple on the
bosom of some placid lake to her. Onward she
cleaves her way heedless of their obstruction,
until her voyage shall have been finished and
her labor done. Nor is this mighty principle
less potent on land— every species of manufac
tured goods is cheapened by its operation, bring
ing to the poor man’s door luxuries before un
known—thus leveling the barriers between the
oppressed many and the favored few. Whilst
it supplies his physical wants, the mind too is
afforded cheap and wholesome nutriment for,
by its application to paper making and
books are so easily multiplied, that the poorest
operative may possess sufficient of them to en
lighten his mind and fit him for the new destiny
which this mighty principle has caused to await
him.
I otent as steam has become, it is a matter of
surprise, that it had not been applied to the me
chanic arts ages earlier than it was, for its expan
sive power was fully understood at an early pe
riod of the world, many centuries prior to the
time, when that power is said to have
been discovered. \Ve learn from tho classic
page of the author of the ‘ decline and fall ofthe
Roman empire,’ that it was known as far back
as the reign of the Emperor Justinian, at the
commencement of the sixth century—and was
used by tho Grecian architect, Anthemius, as a
means of intimidating a troublesome neighbor
8o great was the weight of the object moved by
it, (a dwelling house perhaps,) that we are sur
prised that this did not lead to its being applied
to some useful purpose at that time—And yet, as
late as at the commencement ofthe present ccn
tury,(!Bol,) a singular circumstance occurred,
says Allison, in his 1 History of Europe,’ which
demonstrates how little the clearest intellect can
anticipate the ultimate result of the discoveries
which are destined to effect the greatest changes
in human affairs. At the time when the eves of
all Europe were fixed on the Channel, and the
orators of the French tribunate were wi-hing for
a “ fair wind and thirty-six hours,” an unknown
individual (Fulton) presented himself to the
first Consul, and said—“ The sea which sepa
rates you from your enemy gives him a great ad
vantage. Aided alternately by the winds and
tempests, he braves you in his inaccessible isle.
This obstacle, bis sole strength, I engage to over
come. I can, in spite of all his fleets, ut anv
time, in a few hours, transport your armies into
his territory, without tearing tho tempests or
having need of the winds. Consider the means
which I offer you." A most singular proposi
tion was this, truly. Napoleon so far entertain
ed it, as to commit the plans and details of Mr.
Fulton to a Commission of the jnost learned
men which France could produce, nnd this was
all that the I irst Counsul’s vast engagement
would allow him to do. The most learned
Commission reported to Napoleon that it was
“ visionary and impracticable.” Such was the
reception which steam navigation, that has done
so much, first received at the hands of Philoso
phy.
Great as have been the benefits which steam
has bestowed upon us, it has not yet reached the
climax of utility it seems destined to attain
improvements arc almost annually being made
in its applicability—and when we reflect upon
what it has already done, which once was deem
ed impossible, we are constrained to the opinion
that there are many wonderful revolutions in
science, yet to be attained through its instrumen
tality—as great, if not greater, than those which
! have already been accomplished.
NOTORIETY.
A celebrated writer, and one well acquainted
with human nature, has said that “ notoriety is
the Vice of pretenders, the mere counterfeit of a
genuine love of fame, and totally unworthy to
be possessed by any but impostors and charle
tans.” Another writer, equally cogent of ob
servation, remarks thus : “ endeavor to be first
in thy calling, wiiatever it may be, and consider
it more genuine profit to receive one commenda
ble observation from him thou deemesl a man of
integrity, and thy superior, than ten thousand
eulogies from thy equals, or titose beneath thee ;
for these latter are parasites, who would make a
ladder of thy praise for gaining the summit of
their own selfish ambition.” There are many
men who areas well pleased with the acquire
ment of notoriety as in the attainment of genuine
celebrity. The distinction between these two
qualities, is of vast importance to the interests
of their possessor:. The former issuch a passion
as actuated “ the aspiring youth who fired the
Ephesian dome ;" the latter is such a feeling ns
inspired the impulses of a Washington. One
is the natural emotion of a demon—the other i.s
the innate aspiration of a God. These two
passions, for they are such in the most conclusive
signification of the phrase, and the love of lucrei
are the three causes which predominate over the
designs and interests of mankind. Love, Friend
ship and Religion, are subordinate to their im
perial dictatorship, and are very often embraced
only as requisites for the ultimate furtherance of
anticipations connected with their nverwhelm
ing powers. For the advancement of the one,
or the obtainment of the other, the fondest ties
of consanguinity have boon resigned, and the
most devoted pledges of affection held feeble
and worthless. Many a soul has been sacrificed
on the altar of an unholy ambition, which would
have shuddered in its primeval innocence, at the
thought of such immolation
As we become familiar with the arts of the
world and the duplicity of human nature, our
natural characters are lost ; and, in despite of
intellectual resolution, we too often become the
mere creatures of circumstances, actuated upon
by events which were entirely unlooked for, and
participating in scenes of conscious, yet unthink
ing terpitude.
To become either celebrated for virtuous ac
tions—or notorious for vicious ones—or to ac
quire power through the influence of wealth, are
the incentives to nlmsst every human action,
which characterizes the progress of the world.
It is a serious and interesting scrutiny to exam
ine the incidents connected with the passing life
ofany individual who has the feintest preten
sions to be of a higher grade of intellect than or
dinary men. The slightest action when inquir
ed into, with a know ledge of antecedent events
and expected circumstances, will too often be
tray the aspirings of self advancement ; and un
fold to the disinterested observer, the counterfeit
virtuous sentiments and mock patriotism of those
who would be appreciated for sentiments dicta
ted only by hypocrisy. Indeed the number of
really virtuous beings to be found among the
gifted of our land, is miserably circumscribed;
and their vain emulation and persevering exer
tions, seldom tend but to one goal, and that is
attained only in the accomplishment of self,
aggrandizement. It would, we think, he far
better for the welfare of our country, and for the
good of mankind, if men of ’alents always made
disinterested and honorable actions the husis of
their eminence of character. But unfortunately
this is not the case. Instead of performing su ii
deeds as would redound most to their credit
when examined with a scrutinizing and unpre
judiced eye, their own advancement is too fre
quently the result of the most insidious policy
which may be devised by party and sectional
feelings. It matters but little in these days
whether a man is n Christian or an infidel—
whether his morals are pure or ofthe mist out
rageous character, so that he possesses capability
ol mind sufficient to out-rival his opponent in
sophistry or argumentative discussion. It is true
that this state of things is of the most liberal
character, for the free expression of religious sen
timents of whatever stamp they may be; and
we have frequently wondered that more creeds
detrimental to Christianity have not been brought
forward and advocated by the seekers after no
toriety. The wishes of the genuine lovers of
fame, are of a nature suitable to the more per
spicuous elucidation of the subjects which they
profess to treat of in their writings ; or ofa char
acter commensurate with praiseworthy or virtu
ous deeds. So much for notoriety—a man may
as well bean idol us a Solon, if by some system
of policy he does not become notorious ; and as
impudence is generally the companion of igno
rance, modest merit is too often kept in the dark,
unless some stratagem be resorted to, wlierebv
public attention may be attracted to its pos
sessor.
Cotton Burst—We learn from the Savan
nah Georgian, of the 29th inst. that two loaded
tow boats, attached to the steamer Chatham
were burnt near Silver Bluff on Tuesday last!
I welve hundred bales of Colton were destroy
ed. One of the boats was entirely burnt, and
the other scuttled, Ihe loss is esiimaltd at
$2.»,000, which is covered by insurance
The same paper says “We have been inform
ed that a boat containing 500 bales of Cotton for
this City, sunk in the Oconee river last week,
and that about 200 hales will be a total !• ss. The
remainder have been saved in a damaged state.
Partial insurance.”
Storms.—Wa learn from our exchanges that
several violent storms have recently occurred in
portions of this and the adjoining States. In
Abbeville district, S. C., Col. J. C. Martin had
his dwelling, (in which was crushed a piano,)
outhouses, mill, &c. blown down. Much
damage had been done wherever the tornado
passed.
Disastrous Flood.—The St. Louis Republi
can states that several towns on the Illinois riv
er were at the latest accounts under water. At
Peru, an extensive warehouse fell into the river,
caused by the bank caving in, and the building
which cost $9,000, was totally lost, together
with 20,000 bushels of wheat stored therein.
Mr. Elliott’* Address.
We extract the foltawing paragraphs from the
able anniversary address delivered by the Hon.
Wm. Elliott, bej’ore the State Agricultural So
ciety of South Carolina, in November last. The
views taken are clearly and forcibly expressed
on the subjects of agriculture, slavery, Jtc , and
he handles those ofthe North who are now as
sailing Southern institutions, in an appropriate
manner and without gloves. The writer thus
sketches the causes of the present low prices of
cotton :
“ Posing ove * a few more years, we come to
the present crisis in the cotton trade, shewing
still more conclusively, its unwholesome condi
tion, growing out of the fact of overproduction.
One of the most afflicting of human calamities
befel England. Famine was in her borders!
Scotland, but more especially Ireland, exhibited
to the world, the harrowing spectacle of in
telligent, sensitive human beings, strewn like
untimely fruit over the bosom of the bountiful
earth, and dying of starvation. All the restric
tions on the importation of grain, embraced in
the corn-law policy, were swept away, before so
overwhelming a calamity; and Ametica may
well be proud, when she reflects on the abund
ant supplies she was able to contribute, not mere
ly to charity, but to the commercial wants of
this suffering community. Europe, if she com
mended the spirit of benevolence which charac
terized our eoun’ry in this emergency, had no
less reason to admire her wonderful capacity of
production. The immense supplies of grain
then thrown in England, in addition to Cotton,
exceeding by so many millions, the value of her
manufactories sent us in return, left the balance
of indebtedness between the two countries to be
settled for in specie. Here was a drain of the
precious metals, a stringency on the money mar
ket of England, a pleasure on the banks, a pan
ic ! The merchan s petitioned Parliament, and
suggested issues of paper money, as a measure
of relief. The government refused to interfere ;
and the Bank of England raised the rate of dis
count front 3 to 8 per cent., making it impossi
ble to borrow. They had a notable purpose in
the refusal. It was understood that the Cotton
crop in this country was short. If accommoda
tions were granted, the price would rule high ;
and the Bank trembled, least instead of drawing
back their specie from us, a still further drain
should be made on them, through the amount
paid for Cotton purchased at high rates. In a
word, they feared bankruptcy, and took decisive
measures of precaution. It is hardly possible to
believe that tho government and Bank of Eng
land did not act in concert. They resolved to
make money scarce and dear, and consequently
io make Cotton and all other exchangeable com
modities cheap. True, this policy was not car
ried out without difficulty and risk of corntno
tion. They persisted neverthless. True, the
manufacturer must stop his mills; the operative
must starve or gain a precarious subsistence. The
speculator must force his stock on a glutted and
panic-stricken market; the merchant become a
bankrupt, and discontent and distress pervade
the land. What of that? They stood the haz
ard of the die, and they won. They earned
their point. The Cotton market was kept down,
the Bunk relieved from imminent peril, and as
the result of this combination, thirty millions
of dollars, the amount lost to us in the fall of
Cotton, was transferred from ours, to the pockets
of the English capitalist : Brave play that ! on
the political chess-board, when by sacrificing a
few undistinguished pawns,and tottering knights
hey defend their castles, secure their bishops,
and preserve their queen.”
To the foregoing startling developments he
adds the following statement, from which he
draws quite a practical and prudent conclusion :
“ In 1845, we made but 1,750,000 bales ; tliev
sold for seventy-five millions of dollars ! In J 846,
we made 2,000,000 bales ; they sold for fifty-live
millions of dollars. In J 847, we made 2,250,000
bales; they sold for forty-five millions of dollars.
Ihe more we made the less we realized fur the
crop—the excess of 500,000 hales made us not
only not richer, hut losers, to the enormous a
mount of thirty millions of dollars ; nay, more,
to the additional amount which all that labor
would have earned, which was misdirected to
the production of these 500,000 bales. These
facts are arguments; none stronger can be used,
to prove that the production ofCo.'ton is excess
ive, and utterly ruiuotts to the cultivator. Some
portion of the Cotton growing country must
abandon the culture ; which must that be? Surely
not that which can make 2,000 pounds where
we make 1,200 —which can make a profit at 8
cents per pound, where we require 10 to give
an interest on our investment. Why not look
the difficulty in the face ? It is ice ofthe Atlantic
States who must withdraw ourselves, with what
ever regret, from a pursuit which consigns us to
<, Ss ;,r )' • 1 o what shall we turn ourselves ? To
any thing, Isay, rather than to this pursuit, since
suicide should he the last resort of misery. How
employ our labor ?—in any thing, however fan
tastic and ridiculous, so it he not hurtful, rather
than employ it thus perniciously.”
A Gold Digger's Experience.—A corres
pondent of the Honolulu ( Sandwich Islands )
I riend, who was out surveying in the gold re
gion, and went, like the rest of them, to gather
the “ root of all evil,” gives his experience as
follows :
“I found gold digging by no means the enchan*
bug employment many might dream it to be,but
a matter of tact, back-aching, wearisome work
most nearly resembling, for all the world, the
heavy toil of a multitude of laborers excavating
a canal or mill race. The climate of the gold
region, from April to October, is dry, with a
cloudless atmosphere, and cold nights, the mid
dle of the day being warm especially at the dig
gings nearest the plain. While at the mines, I
was, of course, obliged to turn mountaineer
sleep under the blue canopy, or part of the time
in a lent, and take care of my domestic concerns
as best I could. Life in (he mountains, with
plenty to eat, and a good appetite, produced by
hard work for sauce, is not so repulsive a thing
as one only accustomed lo indoor existence might
suppose. For variety's sake, it will do fora
time ; but for my part, gold digging is a business
I do not fancy a.though it pays pretty well, and
you are sure of getting your pay in hand the
moment the work is done Still I would rather
beat iny old business with one third the profits
of this. Some who recently went up the Sac
ramento river, came back a week afterwards,
well stored with fever and ague, if not with gold.
Many who came will make money doubtless;
but some will make themselves sick, and per
haps make themselves poorer than ever—if they
do not mako a shipwreck of good morale and
die, like some already, as the fool dieth in re
velling and drunkenness. If any man is doing
a tolerable business at the Islands, let him stick
to it. lie will ten chances to one, be better off
in the end.”