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EDITED AND PL'BI.ISIIED WEEKLY, ■(
WM. It. II A K It I K O \ .
C / T Y P R I,V 7 A’ /? .
from the .Xctc V r ork Atlas.
OLD BACHELORS.
A SONG FOR THE LADIES —BE T. \V. WHITLEY.
Oh ’ who would be a bachelor,
Be dead to love and beauty ;
To hem ! and ha ! and still hang on,
Like sentinels on duty ?
Poor/knights of rueful countenance,
So timid, so faint-hearted,
Y»ur lachrymary eyes complain
Os beauty long departed.
Poor brotherlioctl of chicken-hearts,
Too late now to be a beau,
Oh ! how wretched must be
Poor Cupid's cz officio.
Frank’s old by indecision grown,
I'rcd’s bahl, and balder growing ;
Poor fellows ! now in solitude,
. Go, reap what you’ve been sowing.
Yet, stay ; there’s one I fain would spare,
If he be not past curing,
Come, Charles, let’s sec how you’ll behave;
Your looks are so imploring.
Now, try a side long glance at me—
i’ll help you all I can, sir —
There! take care now ! Yes, that will do!
I think that you will answer.
from, the National Intelligencer.
Lectures ou Hie Ancient Athenians—No. 3.
Tlkj Lecture of Ftiday evening was in
troduced with a few remarks upon the
importance of its subject, namely, the
Harbors and Naval Establishments of the
Ancient Athenians. These had (he great
est influence on the rapid development of
the Republic, its conquests and glorious
dominion of the sea. Interesting discov
eries have lately been made in perfect
accdtdance with the ancient historians,
and throwing anew light upon the whole
subject. From the time of the 17th cen
tury down to the reign of King Otho, all
the maps and plains published on the har
bors and the coast were incorrect and de
fective ; nor had the site of Phaleron, nor
the ruins of the third or Phaleric long wall
been discovered.
The particular advantage of the site of
Athens consisted not only in the strong
rock of the Acropolis, but much more in
the remarkable character of the rocky
coast, forming another sortie s, the Mu
nychia, which mainly contributed to the
extensive commerce and the great naval
power of the Athenians.
The Castle of Munychia, situated on a
steep hill, now called “ Castellon,” five
hundred feet above the level of the sea,
commanded the locked harbors, the Pei rai
ns, Zc a, and Munychia, spread out beau
tifully at its base. The largest of the three
is the Peiracus,during the middle age called
Darkos or Porto Leone, which is nearly
throe miles in circumference, and a depth
sufficient for mon-of-war of the first class.
South vivo Poirmu?. and divided from it
by a low isthmus, lies the ’Lea, which was
the principal galley-port of the ancient
Athenians,and still presents immense exca
vation in the coast, and ruins of square
blocks, indicating the wharves or ship
houses of the galleys. East of the Ze a,
immediately beneath the f owning rocks
of the castle of Munychia, lies the third
smaller basin, called, from itscircularfrotn
“ The Lantern," the ancient port of Muny
chia. At its mouth are seen the ruins of
the temple of Diana, the refuge of the exi
led Athenians, from which they depart in
to banishment.
The most ancient open harbor of the
Athenians in the early times, during the
reign of the kings, and long before the
Persain wars, was Phaleron, situated, ac- j
cording to Strabo and Pausanius, on the I
southern promontory ofthe great Phaleric
bay. The city of Athens was at that time
built on the south and west of the Acrop
olis, and had hy the Phaleric road an easy
communication w ith tho emporium at
Phaleron. Front this open port the small
expeditious to Greta and Asia Minor de
parted, but it is never afterwards mention
ed as having belonged to the fortified gal
ley-harbors during the bright period of
Athenian history. It was the great The
rnistocles, who, iu the interval between the
first and second Persian war suggested tho
idea to the Athenians of augmenting the
navy and fortifying the three natural ports
of the Munychian peninsula, then divided
from Athens by an extensive swamp called
the Halipedon, or Salt-plain. The gigantic
fortification of the ports, and tho first at
tempts of uniting them to the city by long
walls, were begun immediately after the
defeat of the Persains at Platcat, about the
year 477 B. C. The Athenians having
not yet abandoned their old port of Pha
leroti, and fearing the landing ofthe enemy
in the open bay, constructed ono wall forty
stadia in length to the Peineus, and an
other five stadia shorter to Phaleron. Ci
mon, the son of Miltiades, finished this ex-
pensive undertaking before iiis expedition
to Cyprus in 449. A third or middle wall,
running parallel with the Peiraic wall, was
afterwards added by Pericles, who thus
completed the immense fortifications of
Athens and its land-locked harbors, em
bracing a circumference of thirty English
miles, at the beginning of the Pelopoune
eian war. At its unhappy termination in
404 all these fortifications of the harbors
and long-walls were demolished. But the
two parallel walls, called makrx skcle, were
afterwards rebuilt by Conon, who per
haps may have employed the stones of the
more southern Phaleric wall, which was
never restored, because Pbaleron had
ceased to be used as a port.
Many interesting traces of the two par
allel walls still existed on the arrival of
King Otho ; but unhappily the royal en
gineers employed the enormous stjuare
blocks as Foundations for the new read to
Athens. The middle wall, running SGO
feet south of the Peiraic wall, may still be
traced through the gardens and vineyards
covering the plain, and some substructions
of the still older Phaleric wall are seen
here and there along the road from Pha
leron to the base of the hill Museion, on
the west of the Acropolis. Some highly
interesting inscriptions were found on the
pavement ol the church Santa Irene, at
Athens, in 1829. They belong to the pe
riod immediately preceding the fatal battle
of Cberoneia, in 338, and contain a decree
of tho Athenians for the repairs of the
walls. From these inscription*, it appears
that they were, in part, built of brick, and
formed a covered galley with large tliyri.
des, or windows. Their breadth was
twelve to fourteen feet, their height only
twenty feet, and they were, together with
the fortifications of the city and the har
bors, divided into ten military stations.
The walls of the Peiucus itself were
much stronger. They were, according to
Appian, forty feet high, and their breadth
on the north of the Peiracus is eighteen
feet of immense square blocks. The tow
ers are square, standing on older circular
bases, thus proving that the walls of Co
non were built upon those of Themistocles.
Sylla, the Roman, exerted all the strength
of the Roman arms to dismantle the Peirae
us. Traces are still seen, on the north, of
a mine or cuniculus, as the Womans called
it, that had been run beneath a tower
which is still standing in a leaning posi
tion. The Romans destroyed the Peirac
us with fire and sword. Its fortresses,
arsenals, wharves, and proud monuments
were leveled to the ground; and when
Strabo, eight years later, visited that
place, he found nothing but ruins. Nor
was it tebuilt during the middle ages.
This accounts for the immense accumula
tion of rubbish, broken tiles, and pottery,
covering the whole ancient site to a height
of twelve or sixteen feet. The city .was
built iu the time of Themistocles, by the
celebiated a chitect Hippodamus, from
Miletus.—From the lage square, the Htp
podameian market-place, a large avenue
extended along the port and terminated
in the great Arsenal of Phi on, where, in
1843, a curious column was found with the
inscription, “ This is the street and limit
of the emporium.” On both sides of the
street the foundations of buildings and
porticoes, with beautiful mosaic pavemen's,
were discovered during the late excava
tions. Cisterns, of a great depth, some
times forming large subterranean cham
bers, were found dispersed all over the
hills. They no doubt served as stores for
wine, oil, grain and o her p ovisions. Some
even contain water, and seem to have been
constructed over the great subterranean
aqueduct, which from the plain was led
along the walls down to the Peiraeus.
The innermost part of the basin formed
the great commercial port of die Repub
lic. f ivc large porticoes, or stoai, among
which was the Deigma, or central exhibi
tion hall, for ihe. grain and provisions of
Athens, sent in from her colonies and tri
butary allies, occupied the quays along the
harbor. On the south shore stood the
great temple of Venus, the Aphrudisinn,
built by Conon ; and in a bay on the
south west was the galley-port Cantharus,
near the great Arsenal of Philon, where,
in 1835, the interesting Registers of the
Athenian fleet, from the times of Demos-
thenes, were discovered. They contain
the names of the t itemes, their armament,
and distribution in the three hundred and
seventy- wo ship-houses, or neosoihoi . sit
uated in the th ee land-locked harbors of
Ganthrus, Zc a, and Munychia. The posi
tion of the galley-port of Cantharus was
admirably chosen, the galleys lying near
the fortified mouth of the great harbor,
and not disturbing the commerce of the
emporium in the interior. And yet was
the strongly defended Peiraeus exposed to
sudden stratagems of the daring Spartans.
I The Lacedemonian Admiral Teleutias en
tered the Peiraeus with twelve galleys, in
388 B. C , and carried away all the trans
ports and merchantmen, even the bankers
and traders, from the emporium, as priso
ners, before the alarm could be given at
Athens.
'I he flourishing commerce of the Peir
ams, as the great emporium of the repub
lic, began with the sudden and extraordin
ary development of its naval forces during
the Persian wars. The Athenian democ°
racy, with is characteristic activity and
acuteness, soon combined the most careful
organization of its commercial institutions
with the formation of its gigantic navy
and political dominion over its numerous
colonies and tributary allies. The whole
commercial system of Athens, its mari into
laws and rights of trade, the distribution
of the customs, import and exp-i t duties,
the precise definitions of its weights and
measures, the solid standard of the Attic
drachm, and the rigorous organization of
its numerous custom-officers, distinguished
it ftom all tho other Hellenic republics of
that period, who more or less adopted the
commercial institutions of Athens. The
mighty iEgina, a century earlier the first
naval power of Hellas, the lonian Colonies
in Asia Minor, the Oycladian Islands, even
wealthy Corinth herself, yielded and sank
beneath the rising star of Athens.
At that interesting period, toward the
close of the fifth century before our era, a
view from the towering heights of the
Munychian citadel must have presented
a most astonishing spectacle. Eastward,
the beautiful plaiu with its sacred olive
groves embosoming the distant hill of Mu
seion, die ci y of Athens, and the glitter
ing Acropolis; through the plain extended
the gigantic arms of the long-walls, with
heir immense foundations, their solid
fronts, their embattled roofs and turreted
gates : still further east, the old Phaleric
wall, like a diverging radius, descending
from the Muetioti along the sloping plain
toward the distant port of Phaleron, —all
together forming a sight more grand and
more striking, perhaps, than adding to the
picturcsqve effect of this extraordinary
scenery. Between the long-walls were
then seen the sepulchral monuments of
Euripides and Menandros, the temples
burnt by the Persians, arid the tumulus of
Antiope, the queen of the Amazons, the
beloved of Theseus. Westwaid from the
castle, the beholder surveyed the three
beautiful harbors with the numerous ships
floating on their bosom, all surrounded by
admirable walls and towers with their
guards and battering engines. Immedi
ately beneath his feet lie had the Dionysi
an theatre, the stadium, the temples of
Venus, Diana, and Jupiter, the covered
wharves, and the highly ornamented front
of the immense arsenals. But of how
short a duration was this brilliant political
and commercial system of the great loni
an capital ! It had no solid foundation in
the territory and productiveness of Attica,
but rested exclusively on naval victories '
and ephemeral conquests. The virtue and
the best vital force of Athens sank beneath
the walls of a Dorian colony, in the terri
ble destruction of her army and fleet be
fore Syracuse in 413 ; and nine years la
ter, the haughty leader of the Dorians, the
Spartan Lysatider, with wild triumphal
songs and the clangor of trumpets, carri
ed off’ the fleet, and leveled to the ground
the long.walls, the fortifications, and na-
val establishments of tho Peineus.
The Peloponnesian war destroyed for
ever the great emporium of Athenian com
merce. The island of Rhodes, Delos,
Byzantium or the Bosporus, and in the
later Roman period Pairs and Corinth,
rebuilt by Julius Caesat, filled up the place
of Athens in the history of commerce.
Nor is it likely that the present harbor
of the Peiracus ever will become of any
importance as a central place of commerce.
Syra, by its excellent situation between
Mai a. Constantinople, femyma, and A1
exaudria is now the emporium of Greece;
and Patrasso and Calumae are both rap
idly rising—the former by’ its position at
the mouth ofthe Corinthian Gulf, in the
very centre ofthe precious currant planta
tions, the most important export of the
Morea ; and the latter on the Messenian
Gulf, as a general depot for the rich wine
and oil productions of Messenia,
Ihe hills and cliff’s ofthe peninsula are
steep and rocky. No forests,no luxuriant
vegetation gladdens the eye ; but during
winter the Munychia is covered with grass
and patches of wheat and barley fields.
On the north side of the hill is a curious
cavern, excavated into the interior of the
mountain, which is now called the Baths
—“ ta loutra" —and is supposed to have
been one of those subterranean dwelling
places by the ancient called *S 'erangeiun,
which, in the times of Demosthenes, when
the harbors were crowded with foreigners
from all parts of the Mediterranean, was
a lurking-place for counterfeiters and
thieves, who are mentioned as having
their dangerous conventicles among the
intricate passages beneath the Munychian
hill. Another curious passage, which has
never been explored, opens directly upon
the rocky coast between the harbors of
Zea and Eunychia. One of the most
beautiful views in Greece is that fom the
promontory of Alkimos, in front of the
islands of /Egina, Salamis, and the high
mountain coast of the distant Peloponne
sus. Immediately on the water’s edge
are seen two sarcophagi near an overturn
ed column. The one is supposed to have
belonged to the sepulchre of Themistocles,
though Plutarchos describes the site of it
as having been at the very mouth of the
harbors. On the bight stands the monu
ment and sepulchre of the brave Andreas
Miaulis. Colocotronis and Colettis both
sleep on the banks ofthe Ilissus, beneath
the ruins ofthe temple of the Olympian
Jupiter. Ihe ancient Necropolis, or
burial-ground, lay north of the harbors
where tomb* without number have been
found. In the garden of Signor Condos
tavlos were excavated twelve fine marble
sarcophagi, containing alabaster vases,
terra-cottas, gilt and colored heads, arms,
and a marble slab with a Phoenician or
Punic inscription.
1 he Peiracus is now a regularly built and
flourishing city of more than three hun
ched neat dwelling-houses and five thou
sand inhabitants. It has three churches—
the one ofGothic architecture, with stained
glasses, ami a fine picture representing St.
Paul the Apostle taking leave of Diony
sius, the Aieopagite, and the Christian
Lady' Damans, and stepping in his bark
lor Corinth. Ihe Military Academy of
the Euelpides, the Hellenic College, the
Nautical School, several primary schools,
and the American Missionary School of
Uev. D. Buel, were flourishing a few years
ago, and give the best evidence of the
ardent desire of the modern Greeks to ac
quire instiuction, and follow in the <r]ori
ous path of their great forefathers. °
M. Koeppen terminated his lecture with
a spirited description of the armament and
departure of the splendid Athenian fleet
with which Alcibiades sailed to Syracuse
in the 16th year of the Peloponnesian war,
in order to conquer Sicily and subdue the
Greek colonies in lower Italy. This was
the last period of unclouded happiness
and glory in the ancient Pei ranis. The
bloody process against the wild and sac
rilegious youths who had mutilated the
statues of Mercury, the Hermoropidx, soon
followed, The Spartan army occupied all
the passes of the mountains and ravaged
the plain. lln to ward rumors arrived from
Sicily. Anew fleet, another brilliant army,
was with the utmost exertions sent off ;
and soon did the dreadful news spread
ovei the Peiraeus of the awful destruction
of the whole fleet, and the slaughter or
captivity of its thirty thousand warriors.
Sic transit gloria munJi.
/rent the .Yet c Orleans Crescent , Hilt instant. \
LATE FROM MEXICO.
We have received files of the Monitor
f.’epublicawo to the 20th (£ March, and a
copy of El Universal of the 24th of March.
I The Mexican Congress, by a large ma
jority, passed an act authofizing the gov
ernment to negotiate (dispose of) sl,-
500,000 of the amount to lie paid by the
i United States in May nextJ*
The Monitor of the I9tit says, that large
i numbers of persons from tho United
| Slates are passing through Mexico on their
way to California in search of gold; on
the Tuesday previous the editor had seen
a company of sixty horsemen, Well armed
and “ apparently decent,” on their jour
ney.
The partisans of Santa Anna are still
busily employed in efforts to make a revo
lution in his favor, but they are so diligent
ly watched by the government that they
have as yet been able to effect but little,
and have not ventured on any overt acts
since the great battle in Temascatepec, in
which no one was killed and one drunken
sergeant taken prisoner.
Don Mariano Ayllon has undertaken to
make the Chaleo Canal navigable for
steamboats of a light draft, anil the pro
ject meet3 with great favor in the City of
Mexico ; and the Governor of Vera Cruz
has made a reconnoisance ofthe Rio Blan
co, and has discovered the practicability
of transporting merchandise, by means of
steamboats, from the coast of Sotavento
to Ousacalca, within five leagues of Cor
dova, and this too is to be attempted. Who
will say that the Mexicans are not making
progress ? The steam engine will work
wonders when once fairly introduced. We
perceive too that they have since the war
been patrontzing steam of anothrr kind,
which proves that they are rapidly adopt
ing the peculiarities of Saxon civilization
the Puabla journals comp ain that in
almost every street and lane in the city,
and particularly on Sundays and ieast
days, crowds of men and women may he
met wish—drunk as lords. Here is ad
vancement.
It is said that there are three thousand
Indians In arms in the south of Mexico;
prepared to rise against the government.
Ihe State ot Jalisco has exempted cot
ton plantations from laxation.
A Quaker s Letter to his Watchma
ker. — I herewith send thee my pocket
clock which greatly standeth in need of
thy frendly correction. The last time he
was at thy friendly school, he was no ways
reformed nor in the least benefited there
by ;f r 1 perceive by the index of his mind
that he is a liar, and the tru. h is not in him;
that his motions are waving and irregular ;
that his pulse is sometimes slow, which be
tokeneth not an even temper; at other
times it waxeth slugglish, notwithstanding
l frequently urge him ; when he should be
on his duty as thou knoweth his name de
noteth, 1 find him slumbering or sleeping—
or, as the vanity of human reason phrases
it, 1 catch him napping. Examine him,
and prove him, 1 beseech thee,thoroughly,
that thou mayst, being well acquainted
with his in ward frame and disposition, draw
him from the error of his ways, and show
him the path wherein he sh uld go. It
grieves me to think, and when 1 ponder
thereon lam verily of opinion that his
body is foul, and the whole mass is corrup
ted. Cleanse him, therefore, with thy
charming physic, from a 1 pollution, that he
may vibrate and circulate according to the
truth. I will place him a few days under
thy care, and pay for his board as thou re
quires it. 1 entreat thee, friend John, to
demean thyself on this occasion, with right
judgement, according to the gift which is
in thee, and prove thyself a workman.
And when thou layest thy correcting hand
upon him, let it be without passion, lest
thou drive him to distruction. Do thou
regulate his motion for the time to come,
by thy motion ofthe light that rule h the
day, and when thou findest him converted
from the error of ways, and more coforma
ble to above mentioned rules, then do thou
send him home with a just bill of charges
drawn out by the spirit of moderation, and
it shall be sent to thee in the root of all
evil.
The Law of Newspapers.
1. Subscribers who do not give express notice
to the contrary,are considered as wishing to con
tinue their subscriptions.
2. If the subscribers order tho discontinua
tion of their papers, the publishers may continue
to send them till all cash charges are paid.
3. If subscribers neglect or refuse take their
papers from the offices to which they are directed
they are held responsible till they have settled
their bill, and order their paper discontinued.
4 If subscribers remove to other places with
out informing the publishers, and the paper is
sent to the former direction, they are held re
sponsible.
5. The Courts have decided that refusing to
take a paper, or periodical from the office, or re
moving and leaving it uncalled for, is “ print*
facie” evidence of intentional fraud.
Postmasters are requested to keep a copy of
the above rules,and show it to persons who may
decline taking their papers out of the respective
offices, without having paid up all arrearages
for the same.
Curiosities of Boiling Water.— The high
er we ascend, the less the presnre of the atmos
phere becomes, and consequently, being to a cer
tain extent removed from its surface, water boils
at a much lower temperature than below. Many
remarkable facts are dependant on this, for the
nntricious principles in many kinds of common
animal and vegetable food cannot be extracted at
a temperature lower than 212 degrees ; there
fore, these who live in the very elevated regions,
such ns the plains of Mexico, &c., are deprived
of many luxuries which their more fortunate,
because ioss elevated neighbors, are capable of
procuring.
QTjf’ The catholic bishop Geiger, in Switzer
land, has published a work iu defence of celiba
cy, in which he remarks, “Should marriage he
allowed to the catholic clergy, they would I
know it from experience—never be content with
one wife; and it is therefore well to give them
none.”
MACON, G A .
SATURDAY MORNING, APRIL 21, 1849.
(CTW e would advise all in want of good cotton
seed to apply immediately to Messrs. N. Ocsley
& Sox, who have on hand the genuine article.
See advertisement.
(UpThe steamship Europa has arrived, bring
ing Liverpool dates to the 7th inst. The Cot
ton market was firm at previous quotations.—
Political affairs were more favorable on the
Continent.
Small Pox.—This disease is said to have
made its appearance at Griffin—at Atlanta four
cases have occurred. We copy the following
statement from the Cassville Standard of the 19th
inst. ofthe disease at the Iron Works in Cass co.
fur the week ending the 17th :
Deaths, 3 ; New cases, 27 ; Recovered, 10 ;
Convalescent, 16 ; Sick, 35 ; Total sick and con
valescent, 51. The disease is still confined to
the vicinity of the Furnace. Ono case at the
Rolling Mill. None at the Flour Mill.
Our City Council have very properly adopted
measures to prevent its appearance in this city.
Fire. —On Wednesday night 18th inst. about
half past 9 o’clock, a fire broke out in this city
in the kitchen in the rear ofthe brick building
at the corner of Poplar and Second Streets, oc
cupied by Mrs. Seymour, which was consumed.
The flames soon communicated to the Warehouse
on the same lot, owned by Mr T. H. Harden,
ofSavannali, and occupied by Messrs. Field &
Adams, and in which were stored some six or
seven hundred bales of cotton, owned principal
ly by planters, all of which was consumed, ex
cept some sixty or seventy bales. Insurance on
the cotton to the amount of about twenty-five
hundred dollars existed in the .-Etna Company;
and perhaps a thousand dollars in some of the
other offices at the Nartli—the loss of the balance
falls principally upon the planters. The build
ings on this lot were insured in the. Southern
Mutual Insurance Company, at Griffin, for SIOOO.
The two story brick building adjoining on ths
South, occupied by Mrs. Smith, together with
the buildings in the rear of the lot, belonging to
Mr. H. Gowdey, of New York, were also con
sumed.
The fire then crossed to the Warehouse on
the East, owned hy Mr. Chari.es Day, and un
occupied, which was consumed. Insured in the
Protection Company, Hartford for .4900.
The dwelling and out buildings of Mr. E.
Lunceford, on the adjoining lot, were all torn
down and destroyed, except the storehouse at
the corner of Third street, and a small building
attached, fronting on Poplar street, where the
progress of the flames was arrested. No insu
rance.
There were in all some ten or twelve build
ings bestroyed, among which were two Ware
houses and five dwellings—together with about
six hundred bales of cotton. Total loss estima
ted at about $25,000 —about $5,000 of which is
covered hy insurance.
(£7* Wc learn that two car loads of cotton,
(about 100 bales,) were burnt on the Macon and
Western Railroad,near liarnesvillc, on Thurs
day afternoon last.
Fp-The cold weather for the past week has
done immense injury to the vegetation in the
gardens in this vicinity. The cotton for fifty
miles below this city, has been entirely killed,
where it was growing, and the farmers arc re
planting. The corn and wheat crops have also
been materially injured. There was ice formed
in this city on Sunday night, 15th inst. fully an
eighth ofan inch thick—and indeed there lias
been a frost in this section every night this week.
This, in addition to the continued dry weather
which has prevailed for some time past, must
affect the growing crops very injuriously.
Remarkable Clock. —The Charleston Cour
ier contains a notice of anew clock which is
soon to be erected in that city : The striking
portion of the clock is so arranged that tile chim
ing of the quarters, and striking of the hours,
are accomplished by a single movement. The
musical portion of the clock is also ingeniously
constructed. It plays no less than three tunes,
changing at the completion of each, and, when
the three are finished, the keys again resume
their original position, and commence the tune
first played. We understand that four bronze
figures are to be cast, which, at certain periods,
are to spring forth from separate points of the
steeple and return to their places, obedient to
the working of the machinery.
Gun Cotton and Tooth-ache. —The New
York Sun says : “ Among the mahy curious and
interesting applications of science which con
stantly greet us, the application of the destruc.
tive gun cotton to the alleviation of suffering hu
manity is not the least interesting Gun cotton
dissolved in ether has forsome time been very
successfully employed, as an application to in
cised wounds. When washed over the surface,
the other, rapidly evaporating, leaves behind a
film, which is impervious to air ; and thus the
wound, protected from atmospheric influence,
heals by the first intention But now wc find
this curious compound employed successfully in
the cure of the tooth-ache. The cavity of the
tooth being cleaned out, a little asbestes, satura
ted with collodion, as it is called—to which a
little morphis is added—is placed in it. All
soon becomes solid ; and thus an excellent stop
ping and a powerful anodyne are applied at the
same time.”
A New Railroad in Indiana —A survey
and estimate have just been completed for a
railroad from Crawfonlsville to Lafayette, a dis
tance of 26i miles and the line is to be put un
der contract in the month of May next.
Cravvfordsville is about 45 miles lo the north
west of Indianapolis, the Capital of the State,
and is the seat of Wabash College.—Lafayette
is at the head of steamboat navigation on the
Wabash river, 310 miles above its junction with
the Ohio. This railroad must pay well.
European Republicanism.
It is a privilege secured to every American
citizen, he he capable or otherwise, to pass 1,;,
judgment upon the acts of parliament— to con
demnthe conduct of kings—and to handle t| le
name and character of the absolute monarch
with as much familiarity as though they were
the property of a household domestic. Indeed
the American politician presents a strange mij.
turc of affection and hatred, praise and abuse
and, to a disinterested eye, and to one but
slightly acquainted with our peculiarities, a p O .
litical campaign in the United States is a scene
of unrivalled confusion. Yet, after the smoke
ofthe battle—in which father is arrayed against
son, and brother against brother— has died awav
the conflicting parties are friends again, and'
they dwell together in domestic peace and tu n .
quility until some new object for difference ap.
pears, and then they are marshalled up again for
the struggle of opinion. The man who enters
the party list as a candidate for office, must
consent to be both over-rated and defamed— hi,
friends will attribute to him qualifications f ar
above reality ; his foes will decry him just as
far below the truth—all will ransack, from his
infancy up, e.very act which lie has committed
in public stations and in private life : his friends
will manufacture, from this material, the most
faultless piece of human perfection, his enemies
will carve out, from the same source, a monster
too hidious for contemplation. Notwithstanding
all this, the public servant of the sovereign pen.
pie is a position respected, honored, and aspired
to by all.
If the American citizen, then, indulges in so
many accusations against his own countrymen
if he handles thus roughly the peisonal property
of his own kinsmen—the foreign statesman, and
especially the monarchical government may ej.
pect but. little kindness, or at least but litt e res
pect for the mailed coats of ranks and titles
“My Lord” of Great Britain receives no more
deference than our last candidate for State Le.
gislature, and Her Majesty rarely receives as
much respect as the soubriquet of some viiiaoe
belle.
To one so far distant from the scene of recent
tumults, unprejudiced by the likes and dislikes
of trans-Atlantic politicians, and withal pos
sessed ofthe native art of levelling ranks and
talcs, the affairs of Europe, during the last
eighteen months, have furnished an interesting j
and profitable theme for speculation. When
monarchy received its first formidable threat,and ■
the flame of Republicanism expelled the Citizen
King of France, the unanimous voice of rfci *
people of the United States re-cchoed the enthc- 1
siastic shout of “Long live the Republic oil
France!” and everything gave token of the me-1
cess of the Democracy in the land of Lamar- j
tine. But the events of a few weeks served to 1
cast a gloom over these enlivening hopes, and I
it soon became an engrossing query, whether J
the French people, worried with internal div *
sions and domestic strifes, and inability to es- j
tablish a permanent government, would not n |
the end, relapse into a state of anarchy even j
more deplorable than monarchy itself. The si
restless spirit of the masses, and the low rffcoh- I
quest were soon manifested in the expedition j
contrived against the Austrians—and more Int- j
tcrly, France has, either hy a .capricious desire J
almost unaccountable, or a want of foresight mi- I
tirely unpardonable, elevated to her Chief Ma-1
gistracy n near kinsman of the most dangerous 9
enemy toher permanent interests which she hail
ever had. What will he the result of this »a if
vering policy is difficult to imagine, but the 9
omens ofthe future bode little good to the rapid |
advancement of true Republicanism in France I
England, soothed into temporary quiet by the *
overawing influence of pecuniary strength, and
the tyrannic threats and hypocritical promised
lordly oppressors, and discouraged by the fain, ;
success of her neighbors across the channel, ltt>
netveless beneath the grasp of insatiate rulen j
and heaps up the glittering pile for the rich, bjj
draining the pockets of the poor, and, helpless 9
in her despondency, mourns over tile distracted m
energy of her disbanded Chartists.
Italy, writhing beneath the clash of eodesus ■
tical interests, and torn by ambitious factions, is 51
opening the way for conquest, and growing j
weaker to repel the incursions of the common 1
enemy. Disunited at home, they are immi
nently threatened by wars abroad.
Austria, diverted from domestic insurrection, |
feasts upon the airy realities of imaginary victo
rtes, and gloats over the prospect of a richly pro-
Stable plundering trip to the Italian States.
Russia, ever bold in self-esteem and bombas- I
tic parade, reviews her thousands of armed aol-|j
diers, preparatory to lending aid to Rome, con-fil
quering Austria, and overwheimning Turkey, pj
all of which enterprises she contemplates for the j
comfortable exercise of her idle garrisons.
Turkey, quieted hy the salutary efforts of her
government, calmly awaits the attack of the j
northern spear.
Spain, infested with robbers, and stirred u| I
hy influential mal-cuiitents, is on the eve m |
civil war.
But from all it is to ho feared, the in- j
terests of true Republicanism will receive but I
little aid. As France was first to spread dijc-' aef
and confusion, she must he the first, on thcT.'t- ;
ropenti continent, to give a practical demonsW
tion ofthe value of the rights of man.
Recov f.ry of the Jewels Stolen from Tin
Patent Office .—The Scientific A nierican
“ the Jewels stolen out of the Patent Officeha (l ;
been recovered. They were found by
M. C. Smith in the house of a man named H«*
ry B. Jones, No. 11 Pike st., in this city. TMj
were found last Thursday the sth inst. Asti
covered there were of various sizes, 143 Pearl' l
together with three pounds of gold in b> ,!
found buried in the cellar. One large holds'
Otto of Rose, containing nearly a quart, wns J
so found. The original bottle had been suM 1-
luted by the one found—The scabbard of d*
sword which had been presented to Comnio<l' ir '
Biddle by the Emperor of Russia, and a? 11 '
snuff box presented by the Emperor/if Miif**’
co, had been melted down into bars. The" 1 '
tings of the diamonds and pearls had been ,e
moved and deposited in a tin box. Whntn n,s
tilation the rascals have been guilty of.