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Saturday Morning, July 4, 1818.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
FREE, SOVEREIGN AND INDEPENDENT.
it
‘•UffTKTt.brr. Aymcui! the laws, the rights,
The gencrou* plan <4 power deliwRd down,
From age to age, b> yew renowu'd forcfalben,
(•o dear!) bought, the price of 10 much blood.)
u let it neerr perish in Tuca hands!
lint piously transtr.i' it to >nur children,
po ihou. Great Lib.iv! Inspire our sruls.
Ami make our live, in thy possession happy.
Or our dca'.ns pto.iuua in thy defence.”
* ^
Before we shall bare an or
pportuoity to address our readers, the day, which Shines] aud perfidy, scarcely paralcllctl
ttitrrt resplendent, in the calender of Republics; tlic day, which ought, aa long as we j head of a civilized nation.
at f> or ffrfir eierci ;<h* State remaining in the mean time, exposed Vo oil the
tW of iurasion froa without, ami convulsions within. .,
He has endearnreii lo prevent the population of these states; for that purpose ©b-
atcnctine the laws for oaturalization of foreigners: refusing to past others, t*> enena-
,»} t i lC , f ,nigra-Ln hither, ajul raising tlie conditions of new appropriations of lauds.
tie has distracted the utitah^straiiou uf justice, by refusing hi* assent to lows, lor
est i blisbingjndkiAfy powers.
tie has mild judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure si their offices, and
thsmnount And payment ot their salaries.
He his erected a multitude of new o.ncf.,, and sent hither swarm* or officeis, to har-
rassour people and eat oot tlirir sub-tance.
He lias kept among us, in time, of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our
tie has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil
power. * .
He has combined with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction, foreign to our Constitu
tion, and unacknowledged by our laws; giviug bis assent to their acta of pretended It-
gislation:—
Fur quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:—
Fur protecting them, by a atock trials Irom punivhmeat for any murders, which they
should commit oa the inhabitants of these States:—
For cutltLgoffonr trade with all parta of the world:—
For imposing taxes on ns Without Mr consent:—
F«r depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of trial by jury:—
Fur transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended utYeuce,:—
Fur abolishing the free system of English law in a neighboring province, establishing
therein no arbslrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so a* to render it at once
uu example and fit instrument, fur i ntroducin* tne same absolute rule into 1 hese colonies.
For taking away our chariots, abolishing our must Valuable laws, and altering lun-
datnentally tlie forms of our governments:—
For susprndlagour own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power,
to legislate for us iu alt cases whatsoever.
lie has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and wagin
war against us.
11c has plundeied our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the
lives of our people.
He is, at this lime, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the
works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty
‘ iu the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy t
lire free, to excita the most animated emotions of Americans, will have dawned upon
%*. .
Forty-three years have now elapsed since the fathers of our country, in Congress a,
arinblevt, appealed'to Heaven for the rectitude of their intentions, declared that the
’’ United States were, and, of right, ought to be, free, sovereign and independent; ami
He lias constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms
against ihi-ir country, to become the executioners ui their friend* and brethren, or ‘
fall themselves try their hands.
He has excite! domestic insbrrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on
the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose kuowu rule ut war
during this period of time, Wiiat awful events have desolated the civilized world! Em-1 fare is an u -distinguished destruction to all ages, sexes and conditions
^ires have arisen and have fallen—kings and princes have been led to scaffolds and to
dungeons—have been driven to brggary and exile—their crowns have emblazoned
othe/ brows—their sceptre* have sparkled in other hands. Amid evonts so awful ami
tremendous, our own form of government has still been preserved inviolate—new states
• hive been added to the cnnhilrrary—our dominions has been daily expanding and
enlarging—(he recesses of the forests have been thrown open to the eye of day, ami
the spires ot temples are now triumphantly glittering over the haunts of savage beast <
and still more savage man. Is there one man with an American heart heating in hi
Visom, who it an eye witness to this animating scene, and does not feel grateful t.
find lor such extended merries—is there one who is not ready to exclaim, that the di
vine benedictions on An.erira are only to be rivalled by those awful judgments tin
have been passrd on other nations! Though the storm of war has recently beat upu
our shores—though the voice of disaffection fur a moment darkened our horizon—yet
• kind Providence has restored to as the blessings of peace—and unusual trani|uilitv
every where reigns, tier*. n.„»<•■.<*,i«a •■■•Mnsuisi ■. hi»!.!« ...a...'
teasful
in every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned lor redress, in the most hum
•te terms; our petitions have been atisweied only by repeated injury. A prince whose
character is thui marked, by every act, which may define a tyrant, is uuht to be the
euler of a free people. '
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned
them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature, to extend an unwarrant
.rule jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigre
tion and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity
and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurp
itions, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They
too, have been deaf to the voice ofjustice anil consanguinity. We must therefore ac
<|uiei>ce in the necessity, which denounces our separatum, and hold them as we hold
the rest of mankind—enemies in war;—in peace, friends.
We, therefore, the Representative* of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in
Here, representative government is highly venerated, and in su/-1 central Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world, for the rec
operation. Here* civil and religious liberty is sacred, guaranteed by the Con-1 “tude of ourintentions, llo, in the name and by the authority of the good Pboplb of
Siitution anil the laws. Here, no haughty monarch, no aspiring duke or lord trample. I these colonies, solemnly publish anti declare, that thfse Usneu Colonies. are, and
upon the rights of the people, and grinds them by oppression. Here, the oppressed of I 0F KltilIT ovght to bk, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are ab-
VV Arid finals an aowlttm fanits tliu nnnsocane llurB emit* an iki. L . 1.14-1.1 I . _ 1. ■ ■ • . I II. *a!..L I I. a: _ I slaaa. W —
the Old World finds an asylum from the oppressor. Here only, on this habitable
globe, are genuine freedom and pure republicanism known. Hail, happy people! and
••Thrice happy land! where sacred freedom thrives,
Jf friend of the opprest, and guardian of our lists;
Fairopr amaz'd! beholds lh> rising fame.
And unknown land* thail long revere thy name.”
Such, fellow-citizens, is the situation of our Country, and its genius looks from her
dSrone of rl.iud-cant mountains across the Atlantic, and exclaims, AMERICANS
ARE FREE!
. Assembled, fellow-countrymen, aa yon will be this day, to commemorate tbe Birth
of Independence, forget nut the band which has succoured you in adversity, and made
4hc op n-beam* or prosperity to shine bright upon yon. Let us call to mind the distin
guished goodness uf Providence which she has displayed
solved from all allegiance to the Uriiikh crown, and that all political connection, be
tween them and tlie stale of G>eat-Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and
thal, as Free and Independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace,
contract alliances; establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which inde
pendent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm
reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our
lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
Signed by order anil iu behalf of tile Congress. . Jons Hancock. President.
Attested. Cuaiu.es Thumps-in, Hec'ry.
•Vrip-J/nm/'shire.—Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Mathew Thornton
Massachusetts Bay.—Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridgc
toward* as. Let ingratitude. | Gerry. ■ --r ■
llhode-Island, Jfc —Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery,
Connecticut.—Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver
Wolcott.
JWio-Forit.—William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris.
A>ic-Jersey.—Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinaon, John
Hart, Abraiiam Clark.
Pennsylvania —Robert Morris, Bepjemin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton
/ appeal, when they nobly dared to rebel against tyranny and usurpation—it equally I George Cfvrirer, James Wilson, George Ross.
•Itikca us as the most deeply interesting pioduction with which human wisdom and I Delaware.—Caesar Rodney,Thomas M*Kean, George Read.
intemperance and profanity be strangers to our breasts. Let party feelings be laid asid<, I
but American sentiments predominate; and the only strife be who shall Uo most to per-1
petuate the benign influence uf LtAMtrr to generations yet unborn. I
On this day it has been customary to publish the Declaration of AmrricanJndepen-
dence. We take opportunity to do so. Whether we regard it, as a monument dr-1
ttined to preserve to a particular people the memory of their own inestimable birth-1
right—or as an illustrious precedent to which every oppressed nation of the earth may 1
wirtue have blessed the race of man. Suffice it to say, that no philanthropic foreignei
ill ever read it without admiration and applause; nor any true American listen to it I
Without emotions of sympathy and of gratitude to his forefathers.
; Let us, then, countrymen, preserve this Independence, till “the Angel, who stand-1
«th with one foot on the sta, and the other on the land, shall swear by IliM,wbolivetli [
“ lot ever aud ever, that time shall be no longer.’*
DECLARATION
Maryland Samuel Chase, Wm. Paca,Thomas Stoue, Charles Carrol,of Carrolton
Virginia George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jcffersuu, Benjamin
Harrisop, Thomas Nelson, jun. Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton.
North Carolina.—William Hooper, Joseph Ilewos, John Penn.
South Carolina.—Edward Rutledge, Thutnas Heyward, jun. Thomas Lynch, jun
Arthur Middleton.
Georgia.—Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton.
OF
1 INDEPENDENCE.
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1770-
| py the Ih-pmsentatices of the United States of America, in Congress assembled.
P A DECLARATION:
SPLE.SD1D VICTOR17/
Djr the arrival of the ship Woodrop Sims, at
naltimare, in jJdajn Dun Buenos Ayres, accounts
liaTe been received of a splendid victory gained
over tbe llojabsls in Chili. On the 19th April tbe
city oflluenoa Ayres was brilliantly illuminated,
and upwards of 1000 cannon were fired on tbc
occasion. Below will be found a detail of par-
t.culars. The Peruvian army, of 7000 men, war
completely destroyed; all killed, wounded or ta
ken prisoners. Tbe Patriot losa is estimated at
1009 killed. Tbe battle was fought on the plains
of Maipo, on the Slh of April, 1818.
At tbe present time, the lover of rational libetti
may direct bis eye, with advantage, to the sou.h
ern section of Uic continent, and contemplate a
When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume
among the powersof tne eacth.'the separate and equal station to which the laws of | ZsSZwe oec„
future and nauireS God entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind, I - , . .
requires, thatther should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. Ta n ' oX ' lMn -^ DUnd>n B W n "
BlUkJUlftrec truths to be self-evident—that all men are created equal; that * 5 7“ ny ° f
i *l , | ui, of despotism, andtbe cruelty ol de- ** * —
q 03 tl *t I liberate persecution; whose manifold injuries f.r early conquest of Chili, now rout* d and
IMPORTANT!
From the Baltimore Federal BtfmhUean, Tune 25.
We have been politely favored by a
friend with Buenos-Ayreaa papers to ;hr
20th of April, from which a gentleman ol
of this city has obligingly furnished us
with the subsequent
TIU.VILAT.'OS!
Buekos-Ayres, April 19.
FROM CDILI
Friday—It is now-4 o’clock—the air is
filled with shouts of joy, the roar uf can
non and theringingof bells—We ha vs ob
tained a complete victory in Chili!— 1500
prisoners, all their artillery, their baggage,
their general officers, a general called Or
donez, are in our hands,—the pledget of
victory. The miserable remnant of at.
army, that a few hours since promised an
ed by tlirir Creator with certain unalienable rights: that among these
and the pursuit of hap(rine»s. That, to secure these rights, govern
uted among men, deriving tlirir just powers from the consent of the go
wkeuever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is
fliuright of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying
it, foundation on such principle*, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them
anatl «ecm most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will
licUt^Ttil&tgoTcrnincnts long established, should not be changed for light and tran-
J. nt causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more dispot-
H) to suffer, while evil* are suffrrablr, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms
d. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pur-, It * Governor of Ceorgm, ha,
ject, evince, a design to reduce Uiem under absolute des- forWdcd l0 ^ geneni , p.vernmea,. ^Trited
potism, <* w *" l, r r . , 8' ,, » ■* ,r . '* M, J Sue ! 1 6 0T *rnmenl, and to provide ien!0ntunc » ^-ainitUK: cwductof gen. Jttkw>n
f e*r euardk lor their future security. Such has been the patient suflcrence of these I •
and such is now the necessity which constrains then to alter their former | —
vstem-i of government- The history of the present king of Great-Britain, is a history
rf repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an
m lolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid
JJ,
'He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome add necessary for the public
exceed in number, those which steeled tbe urn*
and expanded the heart, of those who first raised
the American Republican Standard in opposition
to the dictate* of British pride. Let tbe «>mpaUiy
of our citizens Tin, jut be direct!d .toward,
them, and ardent prayer, be offered up for tbe
id cooecrrstioa Of S»ciS Aunus
Imxrumxacx!
On psnieg the fort at the Narrow,, (date, tbe
A*. 7 Gi.salt, 23d uh ) eapt. Newcomb, of tbe
Braganza, fired a nlute, which gave rise to a re
port, that tbe Wariuagtoo, 74s *a» below.
Kra lm fuibidden his governor* to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, I ^ ^^S****
f}L ausaemlrd in their operation, till his assent should be obtained; and, when so *** “'
si 1 mMiJcd, UfJkss utterly neglected to attend to them. * myoftfieUmwd Staley buforwmded to tbe Go.
? e bis rcfosotl to paw other laws, for tlie arenaunodation of large districts of peo-1 Ttroor of **“* ***“• * l 1 *** 1 »»the V. 8 Blanch
r aa | e ,s those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature | B “* “ “ RWXfc; to be placed,
' [ inrstioublv to thgm, and formidable to (yrjnis only. | w!ien co ^ <xtr ^‘ in ‘h* hand* of major James Al-
»»j called together regulative bodies, at places unu-.ua!, uncumforfaWe, and dis- (** E, h**<. - for the pajiaeiit of tbe Georgia
E f ro ,n die depository ol their public records, f«r the sole purpose of fatiguing then I '
L complianct Vith hre measures. , * —
I He ha* diaaolved Representative Houses repeated !y, for opposing, with manly fra-
[m, hi* invasions on the rights ol the perthlr. .
lin* aaa refu-ed for a long rime after such dissolutions, to cause others to b* elected; I the cationi of the earth, tbe -y-t
c ^ikj the la 0 UUt>re pooers, incapable of auathilaUou, have retarnW to the people | tbe R^oKra^bat been
(O' A* we wish our hands to participate ino£*
*av which ranked our country roosg
fugitive, seeks in vain for escape by flight
—our indefinable cavalry are in pursuit.
The dead strew the field of battle! Th
action lasted 6 hours. It was at the point
of the bayonet,—the true weapon for the
soldiers of liberty,—that we have over
thrown the enemy. Oor loss is incon
siderable compared with that of the Span
iards. We,caa easily realize it if wc re
flect that immediately after the issue «f tire
battle, the vanquished experienced the
greatest reverse in finding iu their rear
die rivers Maipo ami Maule. How, in
deed can we conceive that an army, oi
rather the remains of an srmy^in disorder
could repas* those river,!—Every women-
more circumstantial details are'received.
It is necessary to see the whole communi
ty in clamor and congratulation—the
streets thronged with citizens who make
die air ring with cries a tnousand time,
repeated, viva la patria to witness thb
delirium uf joy that prevail,—^to'hear
every one shouting and reprating “we are
conquerors!”—to form an idea uf tbe
general endiona-m which diis news has
inspired. All are eager to circulate the
glad intelligence—diun*auds ol ri ckets
.from every door and teirace, announce
-and celebrate our joy—at evening, a com
plete aod spontaneous illumination: pru-
ongs tee brilliant day, which forever con
and tremble,! He !fat rnon Lima
will dtvlordi d h rrsclf cf her opprosors;
aod, checked only hr a fteble garrison,
will vhako off the yoke of teivitudc and
raise lira standard of htreity. The in
trigues uf imbecility jn Europe 'wilt ho
answered here only by cur bayonets.
A new courier this evening announces
that nil who arc n»t slain are prison era-*—
Osorio alone has escaped, and it isAfill
expected that he will.be overtaken—in
fine, as the hero of our conntrv.say* in his
despatches, “the enemies of*Cltiii exist
no mure”
On die 5th of April, 1818, in the plains
of Maipo. was fought this ever memorable
action the consequence, of which are in
calculable.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
[The English papers received at the nf-
Gce of the Franklin Gazette, by the Dido,
contain London date, to the.SOUi May,
and Liverpool to the 13th. Wt have culled
the mo,t interesting commercial, political
ami miscellaneous articles from diem*
which will be found in ourcolamiu to-day*
and shall give further extracts to-morrow.
Tlie columns of the English papers are
much occupied with discussions concern
ing the United States and Spain; the cou
rier take* an active pert, and so ignorant
are they, that they cull our secretary of
slate, Joseph Adams, notwithstanding Mr.
Adams nan been minister iu England, re
sitting at London, and received notice of
his appointment there. We copy one of tho
paragraphs trom the Courier, to exhibit
dieir course of reasoning, and presume,
that when they talk of the ‘jlrniiMt and
courage of the Spanish governmentthey
had not seen the royal order releasing Mr.
Meade.
“From the correspondence between tho
American secretary, and the Chevalier
D'Oiiis, the public will be able to judge of
the exorbitant and unreasonable preten
tions and claims of the United States upon
the kingdom of Spain. The uncourteou*
and haughty expressions of Mr. Adama
unequivocally betray .the .hostile inten
tion of die United State* to compel Spain
to acquiesce in.their monstrous demands.
It does not, however, always follow, that
the apparently strongewt "are in reali
ty the most formidable; and experience
may prove, that Spain is likely to suffer
less, from a war with the North Americans,
than the cabinet of Washington imaging-
It is true thatpcace, on jsst and fair terms,
is most desirable to Spain; but it is equal
ly true, that she must run every hazard and
and risk of war, rather than submit to
,;ro,s insults and palpable injuries. Ame
rica may push her claims too far; and her
citizen, may suffer very severely from a
temporary rupture, as the ocean is cover
ed with Nordi American vessels, which
will probably fall into die hands tff
Spanish cruizers and privateers. It can
uardly be foreseen to which of thq powers
the greatest injury would accrue from a war.
The extensive trade or tha Americans
would hold out a rich and tempting bait to
capitalists, to embark in piivateenng, and
the North American trade might be des
troyed, wilhuutasinglebattle on tlieocean-
On the other band, the Americans would
threaten the conquest, or emancipation oil
South America; but this is more easily said 1
than done. The firmness and courage oC
the Spanish nation have been tried undec
the oiustprcsing circumstances, and itis not
probable, that the cabinet of Madrid will be
intimidated into submission to terms which
its minister has declared officially to be
“inadmissible.” The American govern
ment would, therefore, act wisely in per-
ferring peace to the attainment of its de
mands on Spain, by means even of a sixth
months’ war.
1 Che probable estimate of American pro
perty, which would fall into tnc hands of
privateers, would nut be less than eight
millions of pounds sterling in less than six
months; while the Spanish property afloat
is very inconsiderable, and out expose to
rapture by small vessels. Let us hope,
then, that tlie American government will
lot continue to provoke a war, which
Spain must reluctautly embark in, or for
feit her respectability and importance in
toe eyes of herself and of the world. Let us
hope that reflection will produce recon
ciliation, and that the American govern*
meat will notcontiuue lier efforts to impose •,
harsh and inadmissible terms on Spain; be
cause she is embarrssed iu her negotiatiuna
with Portugal, and involved in an unhappy
civil war in her colonies.”
FRANCE.
We learn, front an authentic source,that
council of Ministers was held in Paris,
March 2d, 1818, «t which Louis XVIII.
presidid. The subject under con rid era tion
was the propriety of permitting the return
of certain Frenchman proscribed for an
attachment to Xapuleon Bonaparte ora sup
posed hostility to the present king of
France. We nave particular satisfaction
in stating that it was determined, by an
unanimous vote, to recal the 1st and 2d >
lists of the proscribed; the mode aud time
were not determined at the date of our ad-
vice*. We hope to publish some further
details on this subject to-morrow; we will,
therefore, only add, that among those in
cluded in this act uf amnesty, are the Ex-
Director Melrinde Douay and lieutenant
General D [l ard, who on their return to
France, are to take their seats in the House
f peers.—Democratic Press.
#
FROM INDIA, m d? •
The fine fast sailing ship Braganza, cap.-
tain Newcomb, arrived here jffsterdaj
from Calcutta in 108 days paXsage, with a
valuable cargo of cotton, sugar, <jfe-
The* Braganza *4ts becin-absent front
New-Yoik upwards ol a year, and has not
lost a man or spar.
We have per ued « file of Calcutta pa-
sccratel upon an imperishable basis tire I per » t o the 26th February, brought by
Independence of S >uth Ame. ka!—Ferdui-1 the Braganza. They contain details of