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tru e term is not yet employed, be
:_'Ugb th- j #t ollce s how the f, l.iey of the
iuM 11 * J woU |d not do to say that our Cou
svsonioit- ul| |y jj jeuifue; but, it is labored to
jitutio° ct, (wlueh in one .-.ense it i ,j and
lf ° ve 113 Tc tnat as a itsgiets a compact, every
|ifiiH ar = u gun nations must ot course be a
■!** final from such an eug-igeiiieiit e-'eiy
“S'*®- #o*r has a right to recede. Hut u
overtig 11 [ oWlli that in this, .e se the Males are
11S anil that even iltney were, and the
utSIJ,e i Coustiuii nad been f- rated by compact,
' jTwoOhl he no right m any one Slate to ex
itseit t'roin ns ooligatlons
f* ,us am the reus ns which forbid this
0 it is necessary oi.iy to aliude. i
fceSs !pi ) ’ Uniopjwas farmed lor tne ue.mfi .fa .
produced by mutual sacrifices oi i t . -r:*
! ■ !jS . ('art th -se sacrifices be rec ilbrl? Can
l 0 P l 1 ff who magnanimously surreu iernj their
■ /'Tile Territories of the West, recdl he
' 6 i \\|]l die inliahitaiits of the inland States
* r I to | ,a J l l‘ e < l u, l*' s that may le imposed
l " rfe tii.eir assent by those on the Atlantic of
"hjl'lDf their own be'iefr ? Shall there bn a
" fft'iu one State. and onerous duties inan
\o one believes that any right exists in
• isSta'e t" involve all the others in these
tcouniless other evils, contrary to the engage
if solemnly made. Every one must see that
'e other Stales, in self-defeace, must oppose at
H btz >rds.
Tinse are the alternatives iliatare presented hv
Convention l A repeil of all the acts for rais
,/ revenue, leaving ibe Government without the
kut, of support; or an aequiesanee in ihedis
lution (four Union by the secession of on* of
, mi-inbers VV'hen the first was proposed, it
-asknown that it con'd not be listened to for a
, mit. It iv s kno vn if foiee was applied to
uinsetlie execution of the laws, that it must be
i-elled by Criv —that Id tngross could not, with
ii involving' itsp.f in disgrace and the country
ruin, accede to the proposition ; and yet, if this
hot done in a-given day or f any attempt Is
klp to execute the laws, the State is, by the
nlinance.declared to be out of the Union. The
i) irity ofa Convention assembled for the per
use have dictated these terms, or rather this re
gion of all terms, in die name of the people of
juth Carolina. It is true that the Go venter of
eState speaks of the submission of their griev
ices to a Convention ofall the States, which, he
ys, they “sincerely and anxiously iee,k and de-
: e.” Yet this obvious and constitutional mode
obtaining the same of the other States on the
institution of the /edt ..ll compact, and amend
g it, if necessary, has never been attempted by
ciseu'/io have urged the. Slate on to this dis-
ictive measure. The State might have propo
4. the call fur a General Convention to tlieoth-
Slates; and Congress, it a sufficient number of
menirurred, must have called it. Out the
■st Mac-Tate of South Carolina, when he ex
essed a hope that, ‘-on a review by Congress
id the fuacdo iark-s of tlie General Government
the meri.s of the controversy.” such a Conven
m trill be iccorded to them, must have know
at neither Congress nor any functionary of th
eneral foverrunent has authority to call such .
onveuti m, unless it be demanded by two thirds
'the Sta.as. This suggestion, then, is anotho
stance 0 the feckless inattention to the provis.
ns of the Constitution with which this erisi
ts been nvlly hurried on; or of the attempt t
a ade the people that, a coustittiti eial re.im ly
jineeti so ght and refused. If the Legist -
e f 0 ill Carolina ‘-anxiously desire’ a Ten.
I iivt lit on to consul*. their co up..tint
■ hav; they o’ m ide appiica'im f r it n th
aih Coustit tion points out l The as e ti-n
atiiey •* e irne-tly seek” it is comple.ely ne
ire] by theonissia.
flits, then, is tlie position in whicli we stand
siiiiil majority of the citizens of one State i
el nioii have elected delegates to a State Con
Minil has ordained that ail the revenue I iws 01
eluited States must be repealed, or th it the
ew longer a member bf the Uni n. The Gov
wrof that State has recommended to the Legi
urethe raising of an arm,' to carry th- sere
*l into effect, and thathe mty heempovvg. re j ,
,s clearances to vessels in the ne r ,e ofln
N- act of violent oppos- t i oll tg t j, H | ;l w
lyi'tlieeiicommitted, inn such a s;ate ofthi(l ,
bury apprehended, and it is the intent of tl i
Ktimeiu to proclaim tint only that the duly im
sc on,an by 'lie Constitution “to take can
tithe laws ho faithfully executed.” shall b.
r nnej to the extent of the powers a I read \
sW J" me v hi tv, or of such others as the wt
iii"fC"gr. ss 3 toll dev sc and entrust to
- hfthn purpose ; out to warn the •itizons
So " t ‘ l irolui 1, who have been deluded in
a'l <>ppasitm,i to tile laws, of tii dmg 1
l y ivdl iacur l, v oh iliCiioe to tin- ill.m
il -lis.irgi iizi t g Or lin nice „f the Cos n o -
">~ lO “* 'on r I,is • w 1 . I,v ; refused t
V ur t it mi is v r • 1,1 t 1 :r i 1 rni iat:o .
"dbl I til ■ Ci, -ntu'ti 1 . las oft
j* llr ‘ 1 l id to nr 1! (l it 111 all , | ■ j) ri (t
tuition Into IVilie,l the good ;i Ojll of til
I,e il,v: I- ,— l.l . hr. th- mors
v <ro arged to ,m, s him of ruin m
dr ee to every Si .it;.- vms • righ's 1-v u
1 1" su ijiort.
edo-v-sUizoai o'.n- .n.K.3 State! j
m.not only ad.nuis!i yo as the lirs
■° s lat i° o ojr co a non c ) ntry, njt
■ c , u tlc penalty o i„s la .vs, bat use
I,! 1 ' iJaCtJ that a father .vaalJ over his
ru , l wlO n • 1 “ i.v rasliiaj to certain
‘ , paternal laii Ma-ge, with
2^ rnal f , eelin - r * let me tell vou. my
ln ;‘ n I 1 ’ l^;lt y° J are deluded bv men
s i.’ c ‘' u^ Jr deceived themselves* or
ri " eive voa. Mark un ler wha
if 8 y? J^ave been led on to the brin
a ii 1 n'. tlon ajl 1 treason, on which vou
i ' , rsta diminution of the value o
fti, ' l P e yonino lity, lowered bv over
3 .Z. n ?“°d ,er quarters, and the coa
■ 'natation in the value of our
v s ’ were the sole effect of the Tariff
lag'll . . of those laws are con
,,y ■ ln Junous, but the evil was great•
, lj /the unm.tailed theory
pnsi® ! a . d S‘ u to believe, that its bur
ttovn^ 0 11 P ro P Jr f* oa to vo ir exports,
is, - v ur consumption of imported arti
nion ,'| JUr P r } du Wds r °nsed by the as
iS;i Wat a submission to those laws
tt=et l !tk le ° f vassala £ c and that resis
to tL le ‘ n Was ef l Ja h in patriotic mer-
ionnr °PP os, ti°a our Fathers offered to
Z P ITn l 't w * °f reat Britain.-
PeaoP'.i i tbat opposition might
d e t L y niight be constitutionally
ol m OO ht c “j°y all die ad-
Umon and bear none of
El
trS L^ t i "PPeals to your passions, to
Wn*.^ nd r’ l °y° ur native courage,
used to
you for the period when the mask
wliich concealed the hideous features ofl
disunion should be taken off. It fell, and!
you were made to look with complacency
on objects which, not long since, you;
would nave regarded with horror. Look
bacK at the ans which have brought vou
to this state—lookforward to the conse
quences to which it must inevitably lead !
L.00.t back to what was lirst told you as
an inducement to enter into this danger
ous coarse. The great political truth
was repeated to you, that you had the re
volutionary right of resisting all laws that
werore palpably unconstitutional and in
toleraoly oppressive—it was added that
the right to nullify a law rested on the
same principle, bat that it was a pencefu’
remedy’ This character which was given
to it, made you receive, with too much
confidence, die assertions that were made
of the uncoastitutionality of the law, and
itrs oppressive etiects. Mark, my fellow
citizens, that, by the admission of your
leaders, the unconstitutionality must be
pvlpable, or it will not justify either re
sistance or nullification! What is the
meaning of the word palpable, m the
sense in which it is here used ?—that
which is apparent to every one; that
which no man of ordinary intellect will
fail to perceive. Is the unconstitutional
ity of these tiat description ?
Set those among your leaders who once
approved and advocated the principle of
protective, duties, a 'swer the question;
a id let them choose whether they will be
considered as incapable, then, of perceiv
ing that which must have been apparent
to every man of common understanding.
or as imposing upon your confidence, and
endeavoring to mislead you now. In ei
ther case, they are unsafe guides in the
perilous path they urge you to tread.—
Ponder well on this circumstance, and
you will know how to appreciate the ex
aggerated language they address to you.
They are not champions of liberty, emu
lating ih; fame of our Revolutionary Fa
thers ; nor are you an oppressed People
contending, as they repeat to you, against i
worse than colonial vassalage. You arc
free members ofa flourishing and happy
Union. There is no settled design to op
press you. You have indeed felt the un
equal operation of laws which mav have
oeen unwisely, not unconstitutionally
passed; but that inequality must necessa
rily be removed. At the verv moment
when you were madly urged on to the
unfortunate course you have begun, a
ihange in public opinion had commenced.
1 he nearly approaching payment of the
i.iblic debt, and the consequent necessity
>t a diminution of duties, had already pro-;
iuced a considerable reduction, and that j
oo on some articles of general consump
tion in your State. The importance of
his change was undertood, and you were
mthoritatively told, that no further allevi
ation ot your burthens was to be expected,
it the very time when the condition of the
country imperiously demanded s eh a
nodificatioPi of tile duties as should reduce
.hem to a just and equitable scale. But,
is if apprehensive of the effect of this
change in allaying your discontents, you
vere precipitated into the fearful state in
vhich you now find yourselves.
1 have urged you to look back to the
means that were used to hurry you on
to the position you have now assumed,
and forward to the consequences it will
produce. Something more is necessary.
Contemplate the condition of that country
ol which you still form an important part!
Consider its government, uniting in one
bond ol common interest and general pro
tection so many different States, giving to
all their inhabitants the proud title of A
luaie-AN Citizens, protecting their com
merce, securing their literature and their
arts, facilitating their intercommunication,
Jelending their frontiers, and making their
name respected in the remotest parts o
tiie earth ! Consider the extent of its ter
ritory. its increasing and happy popula
tion, its advance in arts, which render life
agreeable, and the sciences which elevate
me mind ! See education spreading the
lights o‘ religion, humanity, and general in
tbnnatio.i into every cottage in this wide
extent of our territories and States! Be
hold it as the asylum where the wretched
an l the oppressed lind a refuge and sup
port! Cook on this p.cture of happiness
and honor, anl say—we, too, ahe citi
zens of A ie.uca : Carolina is one o
these proud States: her arms have defend
oJ, tier best blood has cemented this hap
py Union! And then add, if you can.
.v.thout horror and remorse, this happ'
Union we will dissolve—this picture o
peace and prosperity we will deface—this
free intercourse we will interrupt—these
fertile Helds we will deluge with blood—
the protection of that glorious Hag we re
-11 >unec—the very names of Americans we
discard. And for what, mistaken men!—for
what do you throw away these inestima
ble blessings—for what would you ex
change vour share in the advantages and
honor of the Union ! For the dream of a
separate independence—a dream inter
rupted by bloody conflicts with your neigh
bors, and a vile dependence on a foreign
power. If vour leaders could succeed in
establishing a separation, what would be
your situation ? Are you united at home
—are you free from (he apprehension o !
civil discord, with all its fearful consequen
ces? Do our neighboring republics, eve
ry day suffering some new revolution, or
contending with some new insurrection—
do they excite your envy ? But the dic
tates of a high duty oblige me solemnly
to announce that you cannot succeed.
THE MAC©Hi ADVERTISER.
lhe laws of the Lnited States must I
be executed. 1 have no discretionary
po .ver on the suliect —my duty is empha
tically pronounced in the Constitution.—
i hose who told you that you might jiea
ceably prevent their execution, deceived
you—they could not have been deceived
themselves. They know that a forcible
opposition could alone prevent the execu
tion ot the laws, and they know that such
opposition must be repealed. Their ob
ject is disunion; but be not deceived b\
names; disunion by armed force, is thea
sox. Are you really ready to incur it:
guilt? If you are, on the* heads of the
instigators ot the act be the dreadful con
sequences—on their heads he the dishon
or, buton vours may fall the punisl meat on
your unhappy State will m<.v.taL e fill all
the evils ot the c inflict' o , iorce upon th>
Government of your country. It cannot
accede to the mad project of disunion ot
which you would be the lirst victims—its
lirst magistrate cannot, if he would, avoid
the performance of his duty—the const -
quence must be fearful for you, distress'll
to your fellow citizens here, and to tin
friends of good government throughot.’
the world. Its enemies have beheld ou
prosperity with a vexation they could no
conceal—it was a standing refutation o
their slavish doctrines, and they will poin
to our discord with the triumph of malig
nant joy. It is yet in your power to dis
appoint tin m. There is yet ti eto show
that the descendants of the linckneys, tin
Sumpters, the Rutledges; and of the tho.
sand other names which adorn the pages
of your revolutionary history will not a
bandon that union to support which, soma
ny of them fought, and bled, and died, i
ad'ure you as you honor their memory —
as yoU love the cause of freedom, to vviiicl
they dedicated their lives—as you prize,
die peace ot 'our country, tne iives of n
best citizens, an.. 1 vour own fair fain. , to i
trace your steps, fe.udc.fi from the nrt-liiviso
your State the c, hct of its Coi
volition —hid its memhers to re •assemble an.
promulgate the ih cul. <1 expo s ; ' O, s °f } l "
will to remain in the path which alo.'ie c i.
oiuluct you to safety, prosperity, anti houo
— tell them that compared to disunion, a.
other evils are light, because that brings wit
it an accumulation of all—declare that yoi
will never take the fh fit unit ss the star spat,
gled bantu r of your country shall float ovi i
you—that pm will not lie .suuni, iz. i! win i
lead, arid dishonored and •‘'corned while \oi
live, as the authors of the first attack on th*
Constitution of your country ! —lts destroyer?
you cannot lie. You may disturb its |>< ace—
-on may interrupt the course ofpts prosperity
—vou may cloud its rr potation for stability—
‘nit its tranquility will be restored, its prospe
rity will return, and the stain upon its nation
al character will lie transft rred, and reman
in eternal blot on the m niory of those win
caused the disordi r.
Fellow-citizens of tin- United Stat-s! Th
threat of unhallowed disunion—the names o
those, once respccli and, by whom it is utteri i
—the array of military force to support it—
denote the approach ofa crisis in our nfl'airs
o i which the continuance of our unexatiiplrc
iriisin rity, our political i x slence, and pi r
liaps that ofall tre# gov> rum nts may depend.
The conjuction demanded a Ire. , a full, am
xphcit enunciation, not only of my inten
tions but of my principles of action; and as
lie cla m was asserted ofa right by a Stat*
o annul the lawsof the Union and even to
-a cede from it at pleasure, a frank * xpositioi
of my opinions in relation to the origin am
.'orui of our government, and til ■ consiructio.
i give to the instrument by hicli it was crea
ted, seemed to be pro .-or. Having the fuilt s
confiif ncc in the justness of the legal am
constitution I opinion of my duties wnioh
as been expressed, I rely with equal conli
fence on your undivided support in my de
termination to execute the laws—to presene
the Union hv all constitutional means—to
rrrst, if possible, by moderate but firm metis
ures, the neces-ity of u r-course ; and, if i
he the will of Heaven that the recurrence o
its pri aeval curse on man for the shedding o
a brother’s blood should fall upon our land
that it be not called down l>v any otfeiisivi aet i
on the part of the United States.
Fellow-citiz ns! The mnrncnioiisca.se is
before you. O.i your undiviJ and support ofj
vour government depends the decision of the I
>reat question it involves wh (her vour sa-)
r red Union wiM be preserved, and th -Id ssiu j
it secures to us as one PeopU shall be per j
petuated. No ole cm doubt tii .t the un uii-J
mitv with which that decisio 1 will !>,- ex -
oressid, will he s-e-li as to inspire new con
fidence in republican institutions, a-ul that
the prudence, the wis lo.n, and the oming
which it will Briny to the r defence, wih t'-ius.
it them unimpaired and i vigoratnl to our!
children.
Mav the trreat Ruler of Nations yra-it th.-i:
the si rial blessings with which he has f ivor: <!
ours, no*, bv th - -n el ess of-nrtv o- p -r-ou. ! j
luihilio-i. b“disr ir 1 r ?<-l ad I >-t: ail! uuv
His wise Providence bri-ig th.so who hav
nrodneed tins crisis, to see th* follv, befor
they fe I the inis- ry of civil strif : and in
<n re a re urning veneration frr tlr t Unio .
which, if we may tlarc to penitrate (Jis de
signs, he has chosen as the onlv means of
a'taining the high destinies to which we mav
reasonably asp-r .
111 tesli-oouy wh r of, have -aused th Seal
of the United States to We hereunto affixed,
having signed the same with my hand.
Done at the Citv of Washington, this 10th
day of December, in the year of on.- Lord,
one thousand eight hurt I red and tlertv
two, and of the Indepenence of the Uni
ted Slates the fiftsever th.
ANDREW JACKSON.
By the President:
Edw. Livingston,
Secretary of State.
Tlio TJacou ICauk Report will be
reviewed iu our uext uutuber. ,
MACON.
DECEMBER 20, Dil.
NORTH. CAROLINA.
I ne following is ti.e inaugural Message of
■ overnor Swain, to the Legislature ol North
Carolina, his an unsophisticated document
lull ot good sense—and marked with that
litnd ol spirit and forbearance, which we
s.iould always like to see exemplified in the
liaiacter ol an American Governot. We
Aould recommend this multum i nparvo State
i’ap- r, to the consideration of the “ hig talk
■ ng” and “long talking” authors of Exucu
ive Messages:
Gentlemen of the Seriate,
and of the House of Commons:
In entering upon the duties of the im
portant olhee to which you have been
pleased to call me, 1 trust I am duly sens
ible oLhe nig i responsibility which I have
assumed. Ihe present is an eventful pe
t od. Abroad, the oldest and best estab
ished governments are in commotion, and
it home, our own institutions designed,
uid, as our fathers believed, calculated to
nsuie the greatest attainable degree of
‘hefty and happiness, seem not be exempt
1,01,1 the mutability incident to all human
hings. At such a crisis, the office of Chief
Magistrate acquires an importance in
creasing with the difficulties which sur
round us. I Lei most sensibly that in me
you will not find united the rare qualities
required by the temper and spirit of the
times. lam sustained in somedegree, how
ever, by the consciousness, that though
dieie are many who could bring to your
aid more ability than I possess, that noone
could serve you with more fidelity and zeal.
The dangers which threaten us may be
iracce to that system of legislation which
assumes the, power in government to dis
pense the bounties of Providence with a
more equal andjimpartfel hands than they
are distributed by the laws of nature. 1
ook (or redress to the patriotism, the wis
dom, the prudence and the forbearance of
the I resident, ot Congress, and the Ameri
can people. I rely with humble confidence
in the hope, that that Providence, which
has guided and guarded us tor morethan
■;fty years, which has preserved us through
the perils of two wars with the greatest
belige. r ent of Lurope, will yet sustain us,
and that our glorious stripes and stars will
continue forages undin. hashed and untar
nished; the crnbleifis of a free, a united,
and a happy people.
I am no partizan—perilaps I am incapa
ble of becoming one. It is not in my na
ture to idolize to-day, and anathematize
to-morrow, as each particular wind of
to-morrow, as each particular wind of
doctrine may happen to prevail. *1 may
be able in my administration of tlm gov
ernmnenl to give entire satisfaction "to no
party. I may displease all. Be that as it
may, I will endeavor faithfully io discharge
my duty to the State, and to the Union,
and leave the consequences to my country
and to God. Of my friends, vvho know
that as I diu not seek this station, so nei
ther did I feel myself at liberty to decline
it. I ask a liberal indulgence for my errors
and my frailties. The magnanimity of
all will insure me a fair trial.
Gentlemen, it remains only that, in the
feeble expression which language can give
to feeling, I return my thanks lor the hon
or you have conferred upon me.
In my estimation there is no more envi
able distinction than to be called at such
a crisis to preside over the destinies of the
truly honest and republican State of North
Carolina; and permit me to assure, you,
that whatever may be the result of your
favor to me personally, whether for good
or for ill, I never can forget the State that
gave me birth, or cease to cherish the most
grateful recollections of a community from
whom I have received only unvarying
confidence and kindness.
The h<;g slature is drawing to a close,
Without any important consummation; the
manner in which they are closing their deli
berations, are so reprehensible, in our view—
-hi destitute of a proper regard to the public
inti rests—so devoid of the character of res
ponsible Legislators, that we pronounce a
eai.ist them a dereliction of their duty—a
duty which they are sworn to support. We
nope they can render a better account for
liemst Ivi s, than we can for them. The Le
nslature of Georgia for the Session of 183*2
is most lam-dv deficient; and, as Alaj. Vood
•mvs, we are prepared for the remark, in or
ont of doors.
FROM THE CH RLEBTON MERCURY.
. CHARLESTON:
THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 11, 1832.
If the stricture* in our columns to-day, on the
proceedinirs of the majority of the Georgia Leg
islature be deemed harsh, they eannot be consid
ered uiiinerriied. I>y any one who either respects
consistency, or is proud of being a Southern man.
It is the. dict ite neither of policy nor of self re
spect to withhold the expression of the disgust
tnd indignation which those proceedings have
excited- and slmuld the people of thifj State re
m tin silent under this volunteer indignity, nor
let fall one syllable of honest contempt, their for
bearance would deserve to be misconstrued into
Weakness or insensibility. A large, we believe
the larger, portion of the people of Georgia, are
co-labourers with this State in the great cause of
truth: but there are politicians amongst them,
who have either grossly mistakon or wilfully
misconceived the hearing of S. Carolina towards
Georgia. VVilh a low minded propensity to sus
picion they have expressed distrust of our aopro
bation of the conduct of that State, ir. her colli
sion with federal usurpation—and have altribu
ted our pr iises to interested and unworthy mo
i tives. We cheered them in their resistance, re
ljiced in their success, and congratulated our
| selves that they were contributing to the estab
lishment of truth and liberty: they have recipro
cated by churlish sueers, accused us of courting
j them because we need their help to fight ourhat
tli, and have thus repelled the fri ndly sympa
tbv <fa generous pe. pe, with charges of flattery
and fawning. If their abuse poured out without
temperance and moderation upon our worthiest
Statesmen, has been received in mildness or si
lence, from a desire to unite the South in the
struggle for Southern rights; if a disposition was
evinced on our part to bury past jealousies and
heart burnings, it was not received in a spirit of
generosity, but with insolence that seemed to in
crease with the appearance of a wish to concil
iate, and as if that which we proffered in courtesy
had been yielded from necessity. They have
done all in their power to prejudice the South, by
separating Georgia from Carolina—by chilling
and repressing the movements ofa natural symp
athy, at the very time when the simultaneous re
sistance of tlie two Slates, would have had the
happiest influence on the interests and liberties
of both.
These men would not appreciate the forbear
ance, which might refrain from depicting their
inconsistencies in tne colors of motley truth; anil
patience under their insults would forfeit us the
the esteem of those higtiminded Georgians,
against whom, as well as against South Caroli
na their hostility is directed. It becomes the
people of this State then, to tell the people of
Georgia what we think of the conduct of their
Legislature; to speak to them plainly, and insin
cerity and truth, that they may understand us.
and know how we feel at this desertion of tie
cause of free trade and constitutional liberty —at
the vefy crisis of tne destinies of the South.
they have manfully resisted the very power
that we are now resisting. Their attitude to
wards it is at this very moment one of defiance.
Does it. become them to league with that poVvei
against us? Did we aid it against them ? Hut
we put in no claim to gratitude. We appeal to
reason, to justice. Letthem compare the usurpa
tion which Georgia resisted on the threshliold,
with that which after years of suffering, of re
monstrance and warning, we have resolved to
locate no longer. In her case, the general gov
ernment did stretch its powers, it was in favor of
the poor Indian, not of the rich papitaltst. It was
an interposition in behalf of weakness, and if the
conduct of the federal authorities was dictated b)
a mistaken sense of justice, the violation of rigln
was at least disinterested, and was even graceo
by the plan of a generous humanity. This to the
tyranny which we have nollified, was ‘‘Hyperion
to a (Satyr.” Here no solitary ennobling motive
can be imagined, but insolent avarice obtrudes
its sordid front in unmasked baseness, and exer
cises the privilege to plunder under the form of
law. And shall Georgia, that struck down forth
witn the federal arm, when extended toshield the
feeble—shall she preach to us ' f “peace” contin
ual harnionii s,” and quarrel with the numes and
f mn * of our resistance, now that we have bnrsi
the grasp ot tyrannous cupidity, and broken the
beak, and crushed the talons of the vulture that
was covering and devouring us? Does it become
Georgians to kneel before the footstool of usurpa
tion, and thank heaven for the gift o' a meek and
general spirit:—to kneel upon the very fragments
of the federal sceptre themselves have broken,
and in the true spirit of the Pharisee, boast that
they are loyal and quiet persons, not as other
men, even as these nullifying Carolinians? Why
the thingis intensely, pitifully ridiculous! Geor
gia reading homilies of submission; exclaiming
against Carolina’s resistance as unconstitutional
—signifying her abliorance of it as violent? Why
is the blood of Tassels upon her tight loyal
face; the process of the Supreme Court is under
her foot; the groans of the imprisoned Missiona
ries are in her ears—and the key of the Peniten
tiary is at her girdle;-the paper bullets exchang
ed between Gov. Troup and Gen. Gaines and
President Adams, are scattered thickly around
her; —Gov. Gilmer’s Message are smoking in
the background from spontaneous combustion:
while at her right hand stands the “measurably
obsolete” Gov. Lumpkin —chanting a nasal ditty
of “constitutional harmony,” and heating time
with his gaunlleted lirst the face of Mr. Chester
who is clamouring fora hearing of the cause of
his lfeverend clients!—W hy it is Gloul * .ter at
his devi.tions; it is Saul among the Prophets; ii i
is the Devi] chiding sin—and her treatment ti. |
the Federal Government is like that of the Italian
sailor to his saint in a storm, now praying to him
and vowing him a was candle—and now, at an
old lurch of the ship, cursing him for a cheat am.
a villain.
It is impossible that Georgia can longcontiiiue
blind to her true position.—'l he rest of the Union
can see no difference when she makes a distinc
tion—and they laugh when she abuses Nullifica
tion, yet glories in having nullified—when she
declaims against the belligerent tendencies of
Carolina’s resistance, while she is herself brand
ishing thabayonet against the Supreme Court and |
its Marsnall. The people of the North
toaman pronounce her Nullification and ours
identical. The Clay party will insist that they
shall be tried by the same rules;—and even the
Van Duran Party can keep up the farce no longer'
—of calling the same thing by different names.
And if the administration, after its countenance <
to Georgia, dare throw its weight into the scale i
against us—it will stamp itself with profligacy—
and cover itself with ridicule and disgrace.
Lcgialatiire off Georgia.
SENATE.
Saturday, Dec. 15.
PENITENTIARY.
The following preamble and resolutions
were agreed to, as reported by Mr. Nesbit:
“The State of Georgia in 1816 organized
a Penitentiary, abandoning the unequal and
sanguinary cotie of penal laws before that!
time of force in Georgia. This system, of
penitentiary discipline and punishment was
at first, imperfect; and was looked upon rath
er as an experiment which would've likely to
eventuate favourably, than the, settled result
of experience. Prison disc'.nline was then
but imperfectly understood, and the new
principle was ushered into being under all
the disadvantageous circumstances which
usually attend upon fundamental changes in
the administration of either the fctvil or crirn
inal justice of acoimtry. The penal laws of
Georgia were revised, and according to the
lights which were then attainable, adapted
to the principles of penitentiary discipline &
punishments. That Code was, of necessity,
extremciy defective, and continues to this
day in,perfect in its definitions, and unequal
in it j punishments. It seems to have been
ex pected that the Penitentiary should, at once,
fully respond to the hopes of its friehds—that,
under its benign influence crimes should de
crease in number and enorrtnty—reformation
should speedily work its curing effect upon
the guilty, anti that a handsome revenue
should directly flow in upon the State, from
fhc operation of the system. These expec
tations as mUst have been foreseen, proved
hut dreams and delusions. And so proved,
not from any defect in the principles upon
which the system was based, bat from its im
perfect government, and an utter apathy on
the part of the State to its interests.
The Pcnitentiury reared upon a theory un
tried in this State, was left to work its way to
wards perfection, not only without legislative
<*.nl, but in tire face of the most decided op
position. It was not surprising therefore,
that it became unpopular; and by act of the
General Assembly, passed in 1831, the ays
tem was abolished,- and the State found itself
under theo|>eratioir of a cotie of laws, unsuit
ed to the habits of its people, far behind tho
intelligence of the day, ami uncongenial with
the free institutions of the country. The
change thus effected was too palpable not to
be felt, and accordingly the system has been
revived. The restoration of the Penitentiary,
with its inadequate buildings,- its weakened
resources, its defective organization, and its
ill adaption to the Code, whose penalties it is
designed to execute, will bring back upon
the State 8 system utterly inadequate to the
objects of its institution. No one will there
fore deny, the system being restored, the ab
solute necessity of establishing it upon a broad
and durable base, of correcting in it the er
rors and insufficiencies which experience has
developed, and of revising the penal code, at
least so far as relates to the punishmenta
which it prescribes. To do all this, the most
eminent talents—the most patient investiga
tion, and the amplest leisure, are requisite.
I her? is no subject of legislation more diffi
cult than the re-organization of the Peniten
tiary, But few understand the principles of
prison discipline, in such perfection, as to le
gislate wi-ely in reference to them. Few are
acquainted tvith the models which our own
country affords, or with the imperfections of
our own system. With the time and oppor
tunities for labor and research, anv commit
tee of the Legislature could claim for itself,
little,-vety little, could be accomplished. It
vvm.ld seem wise, therefore, to call to the aid
the General Assembly, the talents of some
ot the States eminent men, of whom it has
net a few,
Iherefore ,- Resolved, hj the State OfGeor
gta, in General Assembly met, That his Ex
ceilencjr the Governor, be, and he is hereby
.m.liorizei. and required, so soon as practica
ble, to appoint three fit and qualified indi vid
mils, who, when appointed, a fe hereby an
t onzed and required to prepare a plan for the
building of the Penitentiary— digest a system
oi laws lor its government and organization—
an:i to revise and amend the penal laws of
ffi.s State so far as relates to the punishments
which that Code prescribes; and report the
whole to the next General Assembly, for its
approval or rejection.
RESOLUTION,
The Governor approved and signed a Res
o ution authorizing him to pay over the Aca'-
’ my and Poor School funds heretofore Ar nur
tional to the counties of Baker and Gfyim.
BILL PASSED.
Irt protect the Cherokee Indians in the
peaceable and quiet possession Of the lauds
secured to them by the existing laws of the
Mate, and also to secure their persons and
property from illegal violations.
~ , , Tuesday, Deff. 18.
Mr. kmgleton laid upon the fohfe h
1 reamble and Resolution, relative to a
dissemination of the recent Proclamation
of the I resident of the V. States, which
were read and made the order for to mor--
" 1 w. BILLS PASSED.
To relieve Byrd Ferrell, dec. an 4 his
securities.
Jo make notorial acts . and Certificates'
evidence jn certain cases touching inland
bills of Exchange.
To form anew Brigade ont of the conn--
ties of Coweta, Campbell and Carroll.
To authorize the Governor and Secre
tary of State to correct errors that may
have taken plaee, or may hereafter take
place, in issuing any grant or grants in
of the land lotteries of this-State.
To authorize the President and Direct
ors of the Central Bank of Georgia to ap
point an additional officer b said Bank, to
be known as Teller.
To amend the several acts passed to 1
prevent obstructions to the free passage
offish in the Oakmulgee river.
To authorize the Lottery Commission--
ers to examine and place any lots not
drawn, into the lottery wheels.
Io appoint additional commission*#* for
Broad and Savannah Rivers.
I o add a part of the county of Coweta
the county of Heard.
To organize a Mayor’s Cot/rt in the town
of Columbus.
lolay out and form t new Division of
Georgia Militia, to be Composed of the eoUr.-
Ues of Walton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb,
Cass, Cherokee, Paulding, Floyd and Mur
ray—to create anew Brigade in the fth Di
vision to attach the county of Newton to the
Ist brigade of the sth Division, and the coun
ty of Early to the 2d Brigade 01 the 10th Di
vision Georgia Militia.
bills rejected.
To provide fot the call of a Convention to
reduce the number of the inempen of the
General Assembly.
To define more positively, the duties and
regulate the pay of the Adjutant General, and
to repeal all laws making it the duty of Divis
ion and Brigade Inspectors to attend the
drills, reviews, and inspections of the militia.
To legalize and make valid all sales of
land, heretofore made by Tax Collectors of
this State, without grants to said land being
issued.
To repeal the Ist and 2d section of an act
of Dec. 1831, in relaiion to Pedlcrs.
To revive and continue in force in this
State, cetlain English Statutes Upon the sub
ject of iorcible entry and detainer.
To incorporate the Bedford Manufactur
ing Company.
To prohibit arty of the chartered banks in
this State front establishing an agency, or
agencies for discounting or exchanging of pa
per, dec.
Tb give to Inferior courts the power to
grant orders of incorporation to Academies At
Churches.
(CM MiTTEE OF CONFERENCE.
On motion, by Mr. Hudson, Messrs. Sin
gleton and Ncsbit, were added to the Com
mittee if Conference in relation to the disa
greement by the two Houses to the bill mak
ing disposition of the fractional parts ofu>-
y*ys in the Chorokec country.