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/re would ade would jOld and sil- ' mines into Fhe gold and take a basis for Ih’ij! the pres ale tor Republic llities for war and make it the moat e globe. y the Columbia and no richest viin of our ,o a channel exclusive- d place it beyond the annoyance; would sub- .rter for the present ruin- ,* silver; would enahle the, .e all the advantages of her between Europe and Asia her formidable to both—iu- either. AMERICANUS.- <ic ■nv- i, nut out for j which n he is n of the state of of the country, .minted wholly by o' best interests of , it cannot be fairly •tidly to a lavish and •ent of the public mo- ry, the very existence greatly depends on Ihe / of public officers, and a onomy. All I condemn is ny-wise and pound-fodfi 'h.” i to save n little money not:', ate or abandon the means of and permanent defence. A de- .icli on the arrival of a crisis, which nature of things must occur, will save nation thousands of lives and millions of .oney ! 1 (ting In dians to .liy when gaud piui«— B .Society every whci its children ; they were .tied, and ought, if they every power, their friend n. Sir, said Mr. M. if I ake an attempt upon the foel- i house, instead of lifting my i would bring here in front of the Speaker’s seat the sixty children, and 1 ’ should be then sure that, without voices, * their intelligent features, their sparkling eyes, and their amiable demeanor, would command, irresistibly, the hardest heart •in this house to lean to their cause. But, said Mr. M. the honorable mem ber from Virginia (Mr. Randolph) has discovered that, in truth, we have no t ower, under the constitution of these Ditcd States, to make a grant for the purpose contained in this bill. I regret, Said Mr. M. that, under that clause of the Constitution upon which he has just com mented—“ That Congress have power to tn ike all laws necessary for the pur pose of carrying into execution,” &c. wc redly have no authority to establish and maintain systems of instruction. I have seen that the learned judges of the Supreme Court of this land have main tained the constitutional existence of si bank; aud that Hortensius, by most able and conclusive reasoning, although in a different line of direction, has arrived at the same happy conclusion ; and 1 must express my re-rot and astonishment to gether, that tliis famous clause of the constitution has the magical strength to bear so vast n hank, and is yet too feeble to raise a common school " I have wished that it might he con- sideied necessary and proper to spread instruction, and diffuse far and‘wide knowledge, without which our constitu tion itself, and still less our statutes, could not long be maintained. I feel! said Mr. M. that, underthe powerful op position of such gentlemen as the Speak er of this house, whose talents alone are sufficient, if exerted, to destroy mightier objects than this poor little bill; of the gentleman from Virginia. (Mr. Randolph) ''rose genius and experience are always ready to be poured out by his eloquence • «od of the other gentleman from Virgin ia, (Mr. Barbour) whose abilities nlso ar -n C r°u P ?- t . ent tQ neater things—this bill wil l.,,1 of its passage. If this must he its fale, 1 at least-ehull have the satisfac tion to record my vote, among the first which 1 give in this house, for a grant of a few acres of our immense public e«- \ f ? P ,"Vr noble P ,,r P° s « of instruction. > . A . nd 1 fih:l11 >east not he alarmed at the \ idea of exhausting our resources upon \ h .'‘deaf and dumb; for, thank God '. the Tt*er is small, perhaps, not exceeding bousand in the whole United State/ .pleased to hear the gentleman ho generous. a ms, mi. uross said, might be true or false, without throwing much light on the subject before the committee. The only important en quiry is, has Congress the power to dis pose of the public lands? The gentle man saw no evil in the donation to Con necticut ; but he seomed to apprehend the destruction of our liberties liy the proposed grant. Wherein, Mr. G. ask ed, consists the wonderful difference be tween the two cases, in point of princi ple or result ? why, sir, in tho Connec ticut asylum were to be found some pu pils from without the state ! But, un fortunately for the honorable gentleman, the difference was only imaginary, and did not exist in point of fact. The Speaker, said Mr. G. thinks that the city of New-York is an expensive place, and consequently not well calcu lated for'the education of persons of any description. He paints the splendor of the drawing rooms of the merchants oi that great city with die hand of a muster, aud with the accuracy of one well ac quainted with his subject, llut, sir, said Mr. G. although extravagance is visible among the rich and gay, economy may also be found among its inhabitants.— We are not to enquire iuto the customs of the fashionable; but into the prices of rents and provisions, in order to decide on the propriety of the location. For the cheapness and variety to he found in its markets, New-York lias no rival. It is also said that it is partiality to grant lands to one state and not to another.— For my part, said Mr. G. I am willing that a similar grant should be made for a similar purpose, to every state in the union. He doubted, he said, whether we could apply the public lands to a bet ter purpose, and he believed he was not alone in so thinking. The honorable gentleman from Mas sachusetts, (Mr. Holmes) Mr. G. said, could not restrain his propensity to he witty on this occasion. He had fancied the people of the United States struck dumb at the enormity of the unheard of provisions of this bill. It would be well for the honorable gentleman, said Mr. G. ifliis constituents were both deaf and dumb; for, if they spake at all, they must exclaim against ihe parsimony of their representative On the whole, Mr. G. said, he consid ered the object of the proposed donation as one worthy of the patronage of the United States; that the cheapness of provisions in the city of New-York, and the facility of intercourse which it en joyed with all parts of the union, render ed it the most eligible of any place for number o. against the smuga,....},, »■»•> m augment till: revenue to the required extent. The principal reliance for supplying the de ficiency which would be produced by the adoption of the measure contemplated by tly* resolution, must, it appears to me, be placed in a system of internal duties or di rect tax. In aid of either of these modes of aug menting the revenue, a small addition might he made upon the rate of duty now paid upon linens, manufactures of hemp, stuff goods, coffee, brown sugar, teas, wines, mo lasses, spires, and other small articles. If a system of internal duties should he deem ed, at inis time, advisable, an entire prohibi tion of ardent spirits might he adopted, without material injury to the revenue, and wi*h manifest advantage to the agricultural interest. In that event, the revenue which has heretofore been received from the du ties imposed upon foreign spirits, might be collected from domestic spirits. I have the honor to he, your most obedi ent servant, Wm. H. CRAWFORD. Honorable Speaker of lltc House of Representatives. From the Charleston Southern Patriot. The letter which we publish to-dav, from a correspondent at Washington, will richly pay the perusal of our readers, if it is only from the importance of the statistical infor mation it contains. The praises bestowed on the secretary of war, will not be deemed excessive and unmerited, w hen the extent of the improvements lie has introduced into that branch of tile public service of which he has the charge, is recollected. The ex pedition to the Yellow Stone, will of itself reflect the highest lustre on his administra tion; and when we consider the boldness of the design, the manner of the execution and the result which it promises, it must lie con sidered among the proudest evidences of the vigour and forecast of Mr. Calhoun’s mind, and the utility of his public labours. TO T1IF. EDITOR. Washington City, Jan. 20, 1820. Sir—In looking over the * Soutlie.ru Ih.t- iot” of the 10th instant, I saw re-published an extract of a letter to the editor of the Evening Post,” of New-York: dated, Washington, December 2Cth, in which it is said “ that a spirit is rising up here, in ami uut of doors, against the army, ami it is be coming obnoxious, although Mr. Calhoun is an excellent superintendant, and has much improved the responsibility in the details of the sen ice.” etc. Now, sir, I am perfectly aware that not only the reduction, hut c ii the prostndioi of the army is aimed at, by some who are, h fact, using every exertion, in and out ofdoors, to make it odious. These are divided into two classes: 1st. Those who conscientious ly believe that its expenses are too great; and fid. Those (a few in number) wlioTlook with jealous eyes oil the rise, in public esti mation, of tiie man who presides at the head of that department with sn«h distinguished reputation ; and permit luteto say, that both classes are wonderfully assisted, in the attain ment of their object, by the report of tin se cretary of the treasury; which to say the I an institution of the kind, and that, liy • • . , , . -- e»—........... the grant of the land proposed, it would • • * St "))’ - r ‘ Barhour) de-1 experience much benefit, without a flee t- xS- use munificence of lua native ling, in the least, the treasury of the tp.n an incuts for literary purpos-1 United States. For these reasons, he 1 least of it, (in reporting a deficit of five mil-- ;n g lias enabled me to enjoy the! won'' "*«te for the hill, and against thcl'“ m of dollars) lias given the most v.ufavor- sfiese-'^hon of stating to this com-1 v I "bl® v, ew °f the finances of the government, hire fact ' that the state of New- 'ffored some remarks I } sa y sf> ’ because 1 am informed, by men of kevise been nobly munifkr on to the hilt. Ii u , "t’LTT'i “ j "! <>st ^ttat.k«h». p( .ro p ri.. M veil %\r. . ihcr of nii- in the Ar- Upon a ■'ll that on- iwledge of Me, an cn- ■onrt mar- was heard •ad been some punishment inflict- . n invariably punished •y the head of the depart- . commanding officers, nas been asserted, as ihe correspondent of the “ Evening Post” intimates, that there were scarcely a Colonel’s command in tin Army—that it was merely an Army of offi cers. ’ The information from the. Depart ment, on every member’s table, shews that there are. nearly 7,000 jvrivntcs and nine thousand, including lion-conimiisiomd offi cers, musicians, fee. The Army has hern stigmatized as ex pensive beyond all hounds, hut h v a call for a state of this fact, it Is evinced from incon- testible evidence that every soldier and offi cer, cost the government during the years 11110—11,of Mr. Madison’s administration, upwards of jf 380 ; whereas tliev now cost hut about 830, a sum hut very little higher than the cheapest periods of Mr. Jeffer son’s administration, when all sorts of sub sistence were much lower. Again, in 1817, the current expenses oftlir Army, including pay, food, clothing, and Quarter Master’s Department, which in cludes forage, fuel transportation, quarters bui. together with the. Medical Department Military Academy, &.C. cost, S 4,8.56,17 fi In 1818, 3,745,207 In 1819, 3,423,809 and III 1820, 8,1 RO,000 So that although the number of officers has been increased, and additional expenses in valuable improvements, incurred, the cur rent expenses of the army have been conti mially diminishing, and permit me. to add so perfect has been the system of eeonomy uid responsibility introduced into the army by the commissariat, and other alterations nade liy or at the suggestion of tue Seereta y, that"for the next two years, these expen es will he reduced to about three millions, Our litte army then, so far from beng held up fur public odium, oil account of its ex penses, should he. cherished by the whole country; not only as furnishing a defence fur an "immense frontier, but us forming a nucleus of Military knowledge and discipline, which it will lie of the last importance to he imparted to large bodies, and even to the militia, in the commencement of a war!— If, however, so small a military body, distri buted at from 70 to 80 posts, "over a surfucc of 3 or 1000 miles, is to be rut down and its strength impaired, I say, in God’s name, des troy it altogether, forin that event wo might indulge some hope that the attention of the. union would he directed to drawing from the desperate eliaos in which it is now involv ed, the militia of the country ; to classify ing and training it for our defence. It is true that the secretary of war in his whole estimate, calls for about 10 millions, hut in his department is included the prin cipal part ofthc expenditures of the govern ment for permanent and indii pcnsable pur poses :—fortifications, ordnance, including arms, cannon carriages, swords, magazines, and other munitions of war. Here let me observe, that these, fortifications at impor tant points, many of which are in a eta’e of forwardness, are not only indispensable to guard and defend the inlets into the riches of your cities and the heart of your country, hut in forming this protection and defence they save. ir. time of war twenty times the money they cost, and they save "the lives o" your citizens, by thousands, who must other .vise he called from their homes, at ail im mense expense, to tli. most sickly place and at the most inclement and sickly sea sans. There were at Norfolk and its neigl borhood, at the close of the last war, 5000 fresh graves, not of soldiers slain in batth hut of citizens who fell victim* to the cli mate. As to the expense, let it be remewi tiered} thjt governor Barbour, of Virginia, Views of the Spanish Question. FROM Till. KENTUCKY ONION. Copy of a letter from (len. Thomas Metcalfe, (a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky,) to a gentleman in this vicinity, dat ed, IVasiiinoton City, Jan. 1, 1820. Dear Sir—No report has been made, or will, as I am told, he made for some time, idler liy the committee of the Senate on foreign affairs, or by the committee of the House of Representatives, on so much of the President’s message as relates to foreign affairs. It is, therefore, difficult, at this time, to discover what Congress will do hi relati on to tlie existing differences between the U. States and liis Catholic majesty. T^r mem bers, aware of the magnitude of this matter, have been slow in expressing their senti ments. Rut now it begins to be a principal theme, and to he freely and openly discus sed in our rooms. The President’s senti ments, as expressed in his message, are con strued very differently; and various opini ons arc entertained as to the true policy and interest of the nation under existing circum stances. Owing to the non-ratification of the treaty, it is conceded that it is not valid that it is not legally binding em Spain; or, in other words, that the title to Florida is not fairly transferred to the United States, But the failure to ratify was a downright vi olation of goad faith, arid of the solemn pledge of his Catholic majesty. It is an ad ditional proof that no reliance can he placed in his royal word, (a in his solemn promise, or in his disposition to do justice. It i. an ad ditional insult; an additional injury, for which, underthe laws of nature and of na tions, w e are justified in seeking redress and indemnification, at such time, and in such manner, as we mav think best calculated to secure the just rights, and promt. the best inti rests of this nation. The ere .’, has ar rived, when we must rely on ourselves, and not on the jo - tiee or magnanimity of Spain. No alternative is left. To redress ourselves, is the best k only resort. But in w hat way is it to he done? Here lies the rub ! We will outfit no minister plenipotentiary for the Spanish court. One insists that if wc attempt to enforce the treaty, it will he deemed an art of hosti lity, and we shall be plunged in war. Ano ther insists, that if we assert our claim-to the province of Texas, and attempt to wrest it from Spain with an armed force, it will lie considered an act of hostility, and will in volve the nation in war. Now, if Spain in tends tear, both these parties are. right. For, whether we take the one or the other, it will furnish Spain with a sufficient pretext 1o strike at our commerce, liy way of reprisal. The following questions present them selves to the consideration of the statesman, and of the American people, and ought to lie well examined: 1. Shall we, for the present, suspend ac tive operations ? 2. Shall we, at our own expense, attempt to enforce (lie treaty, leaving our views solely to that object ? S. Shall we, in consequence of the non ratification oftlir treaty, abandon Flori da and enforce our claim to Texas? 4. Or, shall we seek redress and indemni fication, in full, bn all the means in our power ? Perhaps a little time will furnish a satisfnc tory solution ; but, in the mean time, as yo are a legal doctor, 1 would be glad to hear what prescriptions you think most likely to afford relief. The Maine and Missouri hills we are try ing to unite, better for worse. Your most obedient servant, THOMAS METCALFE. A PEEP THROUGH A TELESCOPE FROM THE ST. LOUIS ENQUIRER There are three objects w hich American statesmen should have constantly befor their eyes, which they should steadily vunce upon, and never abandon, until they were fully accomplished. They are— 1. The acquh-itiu.i of Cuba. The possession of that island is necessary to the Republic—to maintain II;.- union o the Western and Atlantic states—to protec tlie commerce of the mil v of I,'in ML ;<, s ip pi—to copiniaud tint of Mexico- and funii'h C(.fi':e to the Uonuh’.V., Charleston City Gazette, 8th ilists : FROM THE PATRIOTS. i an esteemed friend at St. Thomas/ ve the following late and interesting .genre of the. success of the patriots.—■ •ve know that lie lias the best means of' tabling tlie most correct information as garels South American affairs, we cun safe ly venture to vouch for the authority of' what lie relates. He has also forwarded us< i St. Thomas’ price current of the 31st ult— which is published in this day’s Gazette. llxi,-art of a letter to the Kditor, dated St. Thomas, Jan. 21st, 1820. “Dear Sir—The late memorable cam paign of the indefatigable Bolivar, to the- kingdom of Now-Crenada, has reached you through the different channels, and it would he el hut little interest to you, for me to repeat the same in detail. The results- of it, however, are and will be of nnicli importance to South America, collective ly, as to redeem millions of her sons, ah a period not far distant, from the igno minious sceptre of despotism and cruelty* and elevate her name to the first dignity among civilized nations of the world* that of a free and independent ypublic.— Yes, the name of Boiaca, like another Bunker’s Hill, will lie pointed out as the. proud spot where tlie Satellites of Ferdi nand and his nefarious tyranny, were con quered and humbled by the valor of Ameri can prowess and the victorious banners of' freedom, waved triumphant over the fallen* degraded standard of royalty never more to. rise. So fatal and destructive was this bat tle to the Spaniards, that their brave chief tain and vice roy, Samano, tied with the ra pidity of a bird or the wing from his capital Santa Fe, on receipt of the mournful intel ligence from the battle ground of Boyr.ctv Tin? city of Santa Fe, shortly afterivavus re ceived w ilh applause aud shouts of welcome. “ vivas” the brave and conouering hero and liberator, Bolivar, who, with the almost un paralleled activity of a Bonaparte, marched with his little band of patriot warriors, thro*’ a country intersected by more, than a him-, dred deep rivers, which he had to ford,, overcoming a thousand unforscun and heart rending obstacles, entering into combat un der the most embarrassing circumstances}, defeating regular disciplined troops* almost double the numbers of his Trojan followers* and at last annihilating the enemy’s forces* which were treble his own, when lie under took that arduous and glorious campaign for' the liberty of Ncw-Grenada, entered its ca pital in 75 days on takiug up Ilia line, of march, from Mantecal in Venezuela, a distance of• more than 325 leagues. “More than.three millions or doi.-. i.ars in the King’s treasury, inclusive of' the private effects of the enemies to the cause, were found in metallic on the inde pendents occupation of that place. The- whole of tlie Spanish army in New-Grana- da, with the exception of SOU men who ef fected their escape from its capital, headed by the sanguinary Calzada, were either ta ken, or surrendered themselves prisoners of* war, with their general in Chief Barreyre,. and ail his staff', officers, fcc. “ Two very respectable armies were im-. mediately embodied, the one for the South* &, the other for the North, to liberate the dif ferent provinces in New-Grennda and Ve nezuela, and marched on tlie same day, (the 20th Sept.) for their respective points of o- perationi. After having established a pro visionary government in Santa Fe, for the. safety of the kingdom of Grenada, general Bolivar left said city at the same time with the northern army, to place himself at the head of all the republican corps in the pro- ince of his native Venezuela, and open k igorous and decisive campaign against the blood thirsty Morillo, and thus terminate a ar often years, which has cost them up wards of 5 250,000 souls ; left their country in desolation, and its inhabitants overwhelm- d with hardships and misfortunes, without openly having received the protecting hand of any foreign nation or power whatever. “ The taking of Santa Fe, by Boliver, pro duced as if by electricity, a general political revolution throughout that \ast country* and before tho liberating army should have, reached the capital of any of its provinc- ils undaunted citizens effected their mancipation, and hurled the sycophants of a base Monarch from their seat of power, Si restored again to independence the virtu ous sons of Columbia, awed by the too suc cessful operations of the expedition of Mo-, rillo against Carthagena in 1815, which oe- asioned the melancholy loss of all that kingdom. “ By last official accounts, thi rteen pro- inccs were already in the full enjoyment of their rights and privileges, only Carthagena and St. Martin being in possession of the royalists, which must inevitably fall in a few months, as they are without provisions and redit. “ The presence of general Bolivar being required at Angostura, previous to his de scent upon Cnraccas and the sea coast, lie arrived in that city on the lltli of Decem ber, amidst an admiring concourse P'- 0 - ple, who received him with every demon stration of joy and eclat, that the mind of man can imagine, in 17 days he. passed from Pamplona in Ncw-Grenada to Guyana,, which has never been performed till now in less than from 25 to SO. The project of the fundamental law of Columbia, (a translation of which I have, made) 1 think ii magnanimous, and lays a solid basis on which to erect the splendid and superb superstructure of a great, pow erful a ml respectable republic. “General Bolivar set out from Angostura for bis head quarters of Apure, on the 2. In ult. and before the 20th of February next, you may expect to hear that lie is at Car- rnccas, with an army of more than 12,501* men; and that Morillo, with the remnant of his forces, will he driven into the fortiir cations of I’orto Cabollo, w here a close anu vigorous tiege will soon terminatu his iw>