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I f plication aT any Individual against the (ennnt in possession of the Landalli'<lg''d lo lie (rail- duientlydrawn,or against the drawer thereol, letting forth the circumstances of fraud lit said scire facias specially, and upon the re turn of said scire facias with an entry there on of service effected hy any Sheriff of any County of this State, by leaving a copy thereof with tbe person named as defendant, nr at his or her notorious place of abode, or bv n return of such Sheriff, that the defend ant is not to be found, upon which return the Court is authorised to have service per- f„cted by on order for n three months publi cation in one or more of the public Gazettes ,,1’this State, Which rule, when duly pub lished, shall be considered as sufficient ser vice to authorize an issue to be made up un der the direction of the Court to try the ruination of fraud: And in case the jury shall Indthe return fraudulent, the Court shabby judgment pronounce the grant issued on Mich return and draw to be void, and order it cancelled ; which judgment, when trans mitted to the Surveyor General’s Office and Secretary of State’s Office and entered of tile there, shall he of sufficient authority to those Officers tn cancel the plats and grants for such fraudulent draws from their Offices respectively : And the Land when condemn ed, shall belong one half to the State, and the other half to the informer, and subject to he laid off between the informer and the State hy writ of partition to be issued under the direction of the Superior Court of the County in which the Laud lies ; and to the proceedings of said writ of partition on be- lialfnf the State, it shall be the duty of the Solicitors intlie respective Circuits to attend: And when the said lands are so laid off, the informer shall he entitled to a plot and grant for his share, upon the payment of the. legal office fees: Provided nevertheless, that no re turn made hy or in behalf of any Orphan or Orphans shall be pronounced fraudulent un til his, her or their legal Guardian shall have been made a party to the scire facias, or o- fher discreet person appointed by the Court in whfch the case is tried, to defend the case for the said Orphan or Orphans : And Pro vided also, The proceedings under this sec tion take place withiit seven years front t lie- date of the drawing. t) 21. And be it further enacted, That no case after being commenced as foresaid by scire facias, shall be settled or compromised hy the informer or otherwise disposed, of to the prejudice of the State, and in case it is, said land shall be liable to be returned by any other informer in manner above prescribed, ami division made thereof accordingly. i) 22. And be it further enacted, That the reserve at Fort Hawkins, and a reserve of like extent on the opposite side of the Oc-' inulgee river, commencing on the Upper Fe deral Road, crossing at Fort Hawkins, and lying below the same, be set apart for the State, to be disposed of as a future legisla ture may direct. 5)23. And be it further enacted, That all the territory lying oil the east side of the Oe.mulgee river, known by the name nf the Reserve, be and the same is hereby added to the county of Jones. tj 21. And be it further enacted, That all reserves which are recognized in the treaty aforesaid, except those which are now or may hereafter, (before the running of the land) he abandoned by the Indians, shall he exempt from the operations of this law, and that the Surveyors within whose districts they may fall shall make fractions adjoining thereto, if the making of square tracts is fe^uid to be impracticable; (hat so sonn as the reserves recognized in the abovesection shall he abandoned hy the Indians, after the land Is disposed of ns above contemplated, then sRid reserves shall be set apart and disposed of by a future legislature, for the purpose of educating poor children. Assented to, 15th May, 1821. aiTact To prevent the establishment nf Lottery 1 Officet, and the sale of Lottery tickets in Hie state of Georgia. § 1. BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That immediately from mid after the passing ofthis act, it shall be unlaw ful for any person or persons to estab lish or open an office for the purpose of selling or vending Lottery tickets in the state, except in such lotteries as may be authorized by the laws thereof; and a- ny person or persons convicted of buy ing or selling any Lottery ticket, or part, or share of a Lottery ticket, not author ized by the 9tate, shall forfeit a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars for evert ticket thus bought or sold, to be recov ered by information or indictment in the Superior court of the county where the said offence against this act may be com mitted ; which amount, to go to the be nefit of the free-scliool fund. And it is hereby enjoined on all magistrates, no tary publics and other officers, to give information against all such as are found violating the provisions of this act. Assented to, IGth May, 1821. AN ACT To indemnify the creditors of fortunate drawers in the several Lind Lotteries of this state, in taking out the grants for the land which shall have been, or may be, drawn by such fortunate drawers. $ 1 .BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That from and immediately aftei tbe passing of this act, in all cases where there shall be a subsisting judgment n- gainst any person or persons who lia- drawn, or may draw a lot or lots oflaud, and no other property can be found, it shall be lawful for the judgment cred itor to take out the grant or grants foi such tract or tracts of land, so that the same may be subject to such judgment, and the cost of taking out such grant or grants, shall be by the officer levying on such land charged on the bill of costs, which shall be paid next in order after the costs which may have already ac crued. § 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That when any for tunate drawer in any of the Land Lotte ries of this state shall place himself in such situation that bis property would be subject to attachment, and no other property can be found, it shall and may be lawful for any creditor of euch fortu nate drawer to take out the grant or grants of such fortunate drawer, so as to subject the land so drawn to the process of attachment, and (lie cost of taking out inch gran!, shall, lifter judgment, be by the proper officer taxed in the bill ot costs, and shall lie charged nnd payable in the manner pointed out in the first sec tion ofthis act ; Provided, t hut the cre ditor shall in all cases produce to the proper officer a receipt or certificate from the Treasurer of this state, specify ing that such creditor has paid the grant lees. Assented to, IGth May, 1821. AN ACT Supplementary to An Act, to authorize cer tain Commissioners to sell and dispose of the Fractional parts of Surveys lying in the counties of Appling,Irwin, Early, Telfair, H'alton, Gwinnett, Ilall, Hab ersham and Rabun. § 1. RE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia in General Assembly met and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the Commissioners appointed by virtue of the before recited act, in the discharge of their duty in exposing to sale the Fractionsin the several counties afore said, shall not sell or dispose of any. Frnc- tional Surveys in the county of Appling on dry lines, for a less sum than fifty cents per acre, and on water courses, for a less sum than two dollars per acre ; in the county of Irwin, on dry lines, for less than fifty cents per acre, and on wa ter courses for a less sum than two dol lars per acre ; in the county of Early for less than two dollars per acre ; in the county of Telfair, for a less suin than two dollars per acre ; in the county of Walton on dry lines, for a less sum than one dollar per acre, and on water courses lor a less sum than two dollars per acre; in the county of Gwinnett, on dry lines, for a less sum than one dollar per acre, and on water courses for a less sum than two dollars per acre ; in the county of Hall, on dry lines, for a less sum than fifty cents per acre, k on water courses, fur less than two dollars per acre ; in (lie county of Habersham, on dry lines, for a less sum than fifty cents per acre, nnd on water courses, fur less than two dollars per acre ; in the county oP*Ra him, on dry lines, for a less sum than fif ty cents per acre, and on wuter courses, for less than two dollars per acre. § 2. And be it further enacted, that any Fractional Surveys which may remain unsold at the Commissioners’ sale afore said, and which may be in the possession or cultivation of any tenant or tenants, may by said Commissioners be rented to said tenant or tenants for one year from the time of said sales, for such sum as said Commissioners may consider rea sonable, securing the same by bond and security. And said Commissioners are further authorized and required, to col lect or secure the payment of any rent which may be demundable from said ten-- ants accruing previous to said sales- Assented to, lGlh May, 1821. anTACT To repeal the fourth section of An Act, passed 1Dth December, 1816, to pre vent the circulation of notes emitted by uncliartered banks, and the issuing of due bills of certain descriptions, and to compel the chartered banks of this state to resume specie payments when ever the bank of the United States, and the banks oj the adjacent states shall commence specie payments ; and also to require of them to redeem their notes under five dollars with specie or change bills, issued by some one ofi the charter ed banks. § 1. BE it enacted by the Senate and House ofi Representatives ofi the State ofi Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority ofi the same, That the reasons which induced the passage of the aforesaid fourth sec tion of the above recited act, having long since ceased to exist, and its ope ration being found only to benefit per sons calling themselves Brokers and Lot tery ticket sellers, to the great injury of the chartered banks of the state, the .•ame.be, and is hereby fully repealed to all intents and purposes, anv law to the contrary notwithstanding : Provided ne vertheless, That nothing in this act con tained, shall be so construed as to au thorize said banks to refuse the pay ment of specie. Assented to, IGth May, 1821. vmuhiu.v. Savannah, May 9. ONE DAY EATER FROM LONDON. The arrival of the Georgia has given us London dates to the 23d March, and commercial letters from Liverpool to the 27th. It is with feelings of no ordinary disappointment that we inform our rea ders of the reverse of the Neapolitan ar my. The report nuich had been wide ly circulated, and generally believed, of the discomfiture of the Austrian army, proves to have had no foundation- The Neapolitans were beaten, and the victo rious army was marching on Naples.— Such is the statement which will be found in our extracts from the London Courier of 23d March. However, al- tlio’ we must partially credit the ac- count, yet ns no particulars are given of the engagement, nor of the extent of loss sustained on either side, it would lie premature to make any calculation on the consequences that may result.— tVhat is termed a battle, may only have been a skirmish of outposts, or at any rate an indecisive rencontre. The force of the Austrians, computed at 45,000 men, could certainly make no fatal im pression iu one engagement upon so nu merous a population as that of Naples, when it is asserted that one hundred nnd thirty thousand men are in arms on the frontiers. Aud although this account is rather gloomy, yet the events in the North of Italy which are officially an nounced, afford us ample consolation.—- They open u brirliant prospect ol suc cess, and relieve iit\frbin all fears of ul timate defeat. As great an enthusiasm appears to pervade the states ot Pied mont, ns has ever actuated the Neapoli tans, and if without actual oppression their feelings can be so strongly aroused, with what energy will they lie nerved, when the despots of Europe shall at tempt to wrest from them the rights they have proclaimed. Under nil circum stances »ve think there is no reason to despond. A letter from Liverpool of the S7th March to n Commercial House in this City, quotes Sea Island Cotton at I Id a 17d—upland 9 a 10 1-2d ; very fine Sea Island 17 1-2 a 2ld ; stained do. 10 1-2 a 13d. The sales of the week previous to this date, over 19,000 bags. most tiif, London rorntrn, 23.1 March. BATTLE BETWEEN THE AUSTRIANS AND NEAPOLITANS. Our anticipation that an engagement had taked place at Kicti, is fully con firmed by the following intelligence, which we hasten to lay before our rea ders, and which we have from a source in which the most implicit reliance may be placed. A letter has been received from Paris this morning by express, writ ten on Wednesday morning, communica ting the important event of n battle be tween the Austrians and the Neapolitans; the former have been completely suc cessful, and have taken a great number of prisoners. The Austrians were on their march to Naples, where they ex- pected to arrive without further fighting. The Neapolitans commenced the attack; the engagement took place at Rieti, on the 7th. Thq French funds, which had been 73f. immediately advanced to 77f. GOc, on the intelligence reaching Paris. The following appears in the second edition of a morning paper. “ The following is a copy of a notice posted on the F.xchnnge at Paris, in the afternoon of Wednesday last, by order of M. Hoy, tbe minister of France :— “ There has been on the 7th inst. an engagement between the Austrians and Neapolitans. The latter had advanced on liieti, which was occupied by the Austrians.—They were repulsed with considerable loss. The Austrian army has entered the Aliruzzi ; many prison ers have fallen into their liapd*, and*the greatest disorder appears to reign in the Neapolitan army.” The news from Italy since our last is rtf considerable interest, especially that portion of it which relates to Piedmont. The first act of the revolution in that country is completed, nnd we must wait to see how the drama will proceed.— The act of abdication of the late King of Sardinia is now before the world, and who will not smile at its introductory de clarations ? “ Me have frequently con templated the abdication of the throne” —“ This idea which we have always en tertained etc.” We do not mean to say that it is impossible Victor Emanuel may have contemplated a retirement from the cares of monarchy, hut certain ly the intention lias been disclosed under circumstances w hich entitle it to very lit tle confidence on the score of sincerity. It is remarkable that in the solemn act of abdication, there is no mention of the per son in whose favor it has been made. We learn indeed from the declara tions and proclamations of the Prince de Carignan, that^ie holds the reins of go vernment only until the late King’s bro ther Charles Felix, duke de Genevois, can arrive tn assume them. This Prince is in his 66th year, and has been married 14 years to a daughter of the King of Na ples ; but lie has no children by her.— The Royal Family of Sardinia is divided into two branches ; the reigning one, which is that of Savoy, and that of Savoy Carignan. The next in succession to the Duke de Genevois is the Prince de Carignan, who is in his 23d year. He is married to a daughter of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, but is also without children. The Spanish constitution has been formally promulgated by the regent, and « provisional junta of government ap pointed, consisting of 15 members. MANIFESTO OK THK. GOVEUXME.YT OF THE TIVO SICILIES. Naples, Feb. 28. The Constitutional Government of the Two Sicilies, against which the Congress at Laybach has fulminated its anathemas, while it prepares to repel the most vio lent aggression of which history has ever made mention, desires also to appeal to the opinion of Europe and all civilized Nations, and that every one may equally judge on which side is reason, and on which side is injustice iu the n ar, which, after five years of peace, is going to break out in unhappy Italy. The Govern ment owes it to itself to make known all the particulars which have conducted it to the political situation in which it is at this moment placed. The wants of the people of the Two Sicilies, tlie degree of civilization to which it lias attained, had called for ma ny years for a change in the internal sys tem of the State. At the beginning of July, 1820, the Constitution of Spain was demanded by the unanimous voice of the nation. The King adhered to it, saving the modification (imposed by (he Representatives of the Nation, who were convoked principally for this purpose, with the obligation to respect the basis of the new social compact. On the 15th of the same month His Majesty swore to observe it before the Provisional Junta ; and on the 19th, thS King made an offi cial communication of it to till (he Fo reign Power* with whom he was on the terms of friendship. ffVvcr since their first movement, the ■spirit of modcration, a scrupulous regard to the independence of institutions, and the rights of other nations, have formed the rule oftlio conduct of the Neapolitan Government. It proclaimed these max ims before the whole world, when it re fused to interfere in the affairs of Bone- vesto and Ponto Corvo, which had called for its interference. Europe cannot doubt of the sincere desire of the govern ment to live in pence and good under standing with alt others, if it examines, without partiality, the conduct observed toward* Austria. Scarcely was the form of onr political regime changed, when the first thought of the Court of Naples was to assure the Cabinet of Vienna, that such a change could nnl, in any manner, impair the situation and alliance existing between the Two Sicilies. The first overtures having been rejected, the king setting aside all resentment, re peated his assurances, sent ambassadors, and in short attempted nil means of ami cable communication ; but all was in vain. So much harshness on the part of Austria, was returned at Naples by the greatest respect to the Legation, the con suls, and nil the subjects of Austria, Nevertheless the Court of Vienna, constantly alleging that our political re form “ shook the foundations of the so cial edifice, that it proclaimed anarchy as a law, that it menaced the safety of thrones, and that of recognized Institu tions k the tranquility of Nations,” urged with precipitation the most extraordina ry preparations of war in the Italian States, increased the garrisons of Fer rara, Placentia, and Commacchio, nnd solicited all the Powers of Europe to de clare against the Neapolitan government, not to receive its ministers, and to break off all communication with it. His Majesty then ordered the Duke de Catnpo Chiaro, his secretary of state, minister for Foreign Affairs, to demand of that court, in his name, a categorical explanation of these extraordinary ar maments, and of the attitude which is assumed towards us ; but this note, sent for that purpose to Prince Metternich, the very day when the king, on opening the first session of the National Parliament, renewed in the midst of it, the oath to maintain the Constitution—this Note, in which all the accusations directed against our political reform were refuted, re ceived no answer. In the interval, the sovereigns of Aus tria, Russia and Prussia, met at Trop- pau, with their plenipotentiaries, and those of France and England. The ob ject of this meeting was to take into con sideration the affairs of Naples, nod its result 1° invite his majesty the king,*to repair to Laybach, to co-operate with' the allied sovereigns on “the means of. conciliating the interests and the happi ness of his people, with the duties' which they were called *upou to fulfil towards their pwn States, ^ towards the world.” His majesty accepted admission, which was proposed to him in the name of a tutelary alliance, solely destined to guar antee the political independence of all the states. The parliament consented to the departure of the sovereign, and thus refuting the calumnies spread res pecting the state of constraint in which the king was supposed to be, it shewed the confidence which it placed in its au gust defender, lie departed, in fact, at tended by the prayers of the nation, but scarcely has he arrived at Laybach, when he is deprived of the minister whom he had brought with him, and threatened with a disastrous war, to oblige hiyi to adhere to the principles, and to tffe vio lent measures already resolved at Trop- pait. All the means he employs to a- vert this misfortune are fruitless. It was then that the powers assemb led at Laybach took against the kingdom of the Two Sicilies rcsofutions, which at the utmost would be imposed after ^great* number rtf victories upon a vanquished and humbled nation. The envoy of Rus sia and Prussia, k the Charge d’Affaires of Austria, communicated them to his royal highness the Prince Regent outlie 9lh of this month, and declared to him that an Austrian army would advance to occupy the Neapohtan^erritory, unless the order of things established since the 6th July be immediately abolished ; and that even if this spontaneous submission took, jdace the army would still penetrate into the kingdom to maintain the new order of things which it has intended to establish there. It was then that his royal Liglincss gave to the diplomatic agents those no-* hie answers which after having excited their admiration and respect, produced in the parliament an enthusiasm which has communicated itself to the hearts of all the Neapolitans. Every body now knows, that our magnanimous prince would not determine on any thing till he had consulted the deputies of the na tion, to whom he communicated these proposals, that they might take such a resolution as was most suitable in the difficult situation in which the monarchy was placed ; as to himself, faithful to his oaths, lie protested that he would share the fate of the nation, from which he never could have separated himself. The extraordinary parliament being then convoked, declared in the memora ble sitting of the 16th, that it was not a- ide to consent to any of the proposals ; that it considered bis majesty under res traint ; that during such a state of things his royal Itighntess the duke of Calabria should continue to exercise the regency; and, lastly, that all measures should be taken for the safety of the state. Public opinion had already anticipated these determinations. The Priace Re gent, bound by a sacred oath to maintain the constitution, which is now a funda mental law of monarchy, lias sanctioned them; he hits thought he should thus best fulfil the duties imposed upon him, ns much towards the nation whose destinies are confided to him, ns towards the king, his august father, whose interest cannot be separated from that of his people. Meantime, hostile to the social com pact, which, by the beneficence of our jcing, forms the palladium of the monar chy of the Two Sicilies, the court of Vi enna pretends to abolish it, because a nation regenerated to liberty and inde pendence does not yield to its will ; it has employed every means to make it be lieved that the interest of its policy is that of Europe, and has sworn utterly to overturn all our internal organizations. Already its troops are advancing for this purpose towards the national frontiers, already the sword is stained with blood, and menaces Europe with u war which has no parallel, directed against consti tutional ideas and the independence of nutions. * It could not have been feared, that those same armies which were united a short time ago in the name of social or der to deliver Europe from oppression, would march against a nation which can not be reprdnehed with any infraction of the law of nations, nnd which, without exciting troubles among any of its neigh bors, without offending legitimacy, and even professing the most respectful ve neration for its Sovereign and his ungust dynasty, is •perseveringly engaged in a- meliorating its internal administration.— The Powers of the second rank must see irt what happens to the Kingdom of Na pies the imminent dangers which threat en them. On the day when our cause shall be rased, the independence, the liberty of Europe will share, the same fate. But a cause protected by justice and public opinion, a cause which inter ests art wise governments, and all nations who feel their dignity, a cause which will be defended by the whole nation, whose wishes have expressed themselves on this occasion with such unanimity, such n cause must triumph. Despair will combat against force j he who de fends the constitutional laws and inde pendence of the country, he who com bats the foreigner who comes to rob him of the first, and to tread the second un der foot, is not always the weakest. The Neapolitan Government, though it ha9 provoked no one, though it has op posed ’the noble attitude of moderation to the multiplied eut,rnges which have been lavished upon it by those who con spired its ruin, is now attacked by an Austrian Army, which pretends to im pose laws upon it ; but since neither Russian nor Prussian troops are mnreh- ing towards our frontiers, it is only to the Austrian Government we are oblig ed to oppose the resistance which our own defence requires. However his Royal Highness flatters himseW that the Monarchs assembled at Laybach, seeing the noble feelings w^iich unite the inha bitants of the Two Sicilies, and their u- ifanimous, determination to defend the liberties and the honor of their nation, will renounce their prejudices, and will leave at peace a generous people, who desire only to efljby the benefits of its new political system, under the protec tion of the constitutional and legitimate throne : 4 people which, during a peri od of seven months, Jias shewn that no ble attitude and that respect to the King and to the«Royal Family, which have made Europe judge it to be worthy of liberty ; a people, in fine, which, taking no share jn the affairs of other nations, have surely a right to expect that no one /hould interfere in its concerns, flis Royal Highness l^ptteft himself that all the other Powers of Europe, not con cerned in the present contest, will con tribute by their persuasion and good of fices to put an end to the disasters in which the scourge of war, ready to fall upon onr country', threatens to involve humanity, Ifthe fire is kindled in the South,of the Italian Peninsula, who is there that must not fear the conse quences ? and who can say where its dreadful ravages will stop? If unhappily a* war of exterminafiofl cannot he avoided, the Prince Regent and his august brother will place them selves at the head of the Neapolitan Ar my, and will combat with it to the last extremity against the for^gn invasion, invoking the aid of the Supreme Arbiter oftmpircs, who protects inifocence and right, and punishes abuse of force, injus tice, and oppression. tS IMPROVE fllE QUALITY AND QUAN TITY OF THE POTATOE. Mokf.eield, Feb. 18, 1821. • I had Iward many years hack, that the best way to improve the I’otatoe, was from the seed of its own apple. About five or ?.'■* years past I made the trial—I gathered a handful of the apples off the blue potntoe, when fully ripe—1 mashed them, and wash ed out the seed find dried them. In the spring I sowed them in drills—they came up very thick, bal ing the appearance of some small weeds. In two 6r three weeks they put out leave*, having the appearance of potatoes. I then thinned Ahem and worked them as I thought light. In the fall I had seed of many kinds—white, blue, and red, nf various shapes nnd complexion. I select ed four or five kinds in the spring, and plant ed each separate and found I had improved my potatoes very much as to flavour—and also, some of the kinds I selected were very productive, so much so, that I planted no more of my old seed, and do still consider the change advantageous. ABEL. SEYMOUR. [American Farmer.] notice! A LL persons are cautioned against trad ing for a note given hy me to James Cowan of Jasper county, thu amount of which I believe is $ 119, dated in April 1020, and payable in August following, as I have offsetts against said note, anil am determin ed not to pay it until I can have a fair settle ment with said Cowan. TIIOMAB HURON. May St, 1821. 15—at RECORDER. MILLI’DOEVILLE, TUESDAY, MAY 22. OJT Tiiero is one subject which comes home with peculiar force to the feelings and bosoms of the people of the South, as dependent on it, are the prospects of (lettering their fortunes nnd providing fortlie coinfort oftheir fumilies—this Is, the demand for our great article of export Colton. The late depression of price has pro bably caused unnecessary nlarm and # 'vcn rise to ominous predictions, not fully justihed by the actual'prospects. It has not been long since we were panic- struck hy the increase of Brazil cotton, superior tnonrupkmrf in quality ; afterwards, the reduc ed price at which thu article, could be furnished from British India it was feared would exclude our cotton from the European market. But the culture in Brazil lias not increased as was ex pected, and the cotton of India is so inferior, as not greatly to interfere with ours. It has been lately asserted, and we believe with truth, that profit has been made on shipments of Ame rican cotton to China—if so, our valuable staple may henceforth in part, if not altogether, ob viate the necessity of exporting to that country our specie, and thereby lind for itself a new vent, where the demand, if in any proportion to the denseness of population, will he immense. But we do not, we must confess, place great reliance on any one circumstance, or the opin ion of any individual, however intelligent, where causes beyond the ken of human fore sight, may change the result of the best founded calculations. We cannot forget the entire fai lure of Mr. Jefferson's predictions, contained in his « .Votes on Virginia," that the States of the South and West, favored with a climate and soil more genial to the production of Tobacco, would raise it of better quality and cheaper, se as to supersede the culture in Virginia. No o- pinion could he better supported by reasoning and .probability, yet experience and facts have fully proven its incorrectness. These hasty re marks have been produced hy the two follow ing articles, which to us appear deserving of notice. • __ FROM THE EVqCIRER. Great Staple of the Southern and tt'estern States." The cultivation of COTTON has recent ly become a subject of considerable discus sion. Some of the Southern papers contend, that at no distant day its price wilt not pay for its cultivation, nnd that it must he aban doned. Some of the Northern Tariffists al so say, that it will be driven hy other cottona from foreign markets. We seize this oppor tunity, therefore, to lay the following letter before, the public—which sheds so much light upon the subject. It is written by «. partner in one of the first mercantile Houses in Liverpool, who explored our western country principally for information on this very article, and is addressed to a mercan tile friend in the City of Richmond, dated • Natchez, Mth April, 1820. I addressed a few lines to you I believe front Savannah, and have since had n ve ry agreeable,* aud # rather expeditious ride through Alabama to New Orleans. Cotton was maintaining itself rather higher than might have been expected in New Orleans—good, readily command ing about 17 a 18—good fair, 16, *hnd inf. to tnidg. bt to 15 cents per lb.— There is considerable' difference of o- pinion as to the extent of the crop, a» you will observe by ^statement which I enclose, and from the stocks in England; at the end of the year, I am disposed to • believe that there will be no great ac- • cumulation of cotton in Europe at the close of 1820.—East India we may al most exclude from our calculation. With regard to an interesting point on which we had some conversation—l mean the price of cotton which will af ford thu planter an adequate profit, I will state to you freely what has occur red to me on the subject, agreeable to your request, though I shall draw hea vily both on your patience and candour. The fact is, that to the general question at #hat price can a planter afford to sell his cotton—it is difficult to give a defin ite answer, without entering into many particulars, since the erpences of produc tion depend in a great measure on the current value of cotion, and vary with the more material fluctuations in its mar ket price. Thus, when co'ton rises in value, the price of negroes advances in about the same proportion—Indian corn, their principal article of subsistence* follows—but at a little distance, because it can he imported from other states ; and land at a still greater, because almost every planter possesses more than he actually cultivates. Corresponding ef fects are produced by a fall in the price of cotion in foreign markets. It is evi dent, therefore, that a planter may real ize at very different prices of cotton, the same interest on his capital—understand ing hy his capital, the sum which his land and negroes would command at the respective periods in which it would be necessary to invest in land and negroes in order to produce the same quantity of cotton. Alterations in the value ofcottonthere fore affect the value of hit capital, but not the rate of interest he derives from it—nnd 15 cents per lb. when that vnlua is reduced one half, may afford him the average profits of stock in the country where he resides, as certainly a* 3° eta. before that reduction. The expence of clothing the negroes is almost the only article in the cost^ of production of cotton which doe* not fol low its fluctuations in' value, and this is too insignificant to require notice. Could land and negroes therefore in