Newspaper Page Text
her manufactures, her cnm;n
her navnl power, will soon
such ;m extent. as ni>i*t vh her great
weight in the affairs ol Europe. I have
sai'C her navnl power, for an unfettered
' W.a sot American I intercourse between Old Spain and the
_ ,W.. I I Spanish Colonies, will create n marine
pial t» that which now exists in any
n Britannia, ruler of the waves." At the
,-Josc of the extract, me the following te*
“* r i. S c7nnot hut he-allo-yed hy the truest
well-wishers t* America, that “I’ 1 '"'" 1
tlm Hon. John Quincy Adams i- m had ta. t
There are no greater *
revolutions than ourselves.
nfforded bvthr^f /in^A-
mea, as it were, who had an «W>»' um y ol
selling up for throv;elves.w.ll InW the great-
est nossihlo effect, in a course of fears, nil
over the ivorlJ. Kut wav do the Anglo A-
mericaris think U worth their while to t i.k
in this manner ? 'Mty cannot they he cm-
tent With doing mid having done things oar
(pin neatly great, without »l»e.w mg tins petit*
full jealousy (for it ta nothing el-“ alte,all)
of things which they evidently m-li '*•••)
had been aide to do also? Ii is not Imnoi.i-
!,!,■ to John Quiney ; and we trust l m . • are
great numbers of Americans who th.nh • o.
besides the British parly. T oe Alltel II a is,
who are only an .fret from lie Lm Mi.
and linvo been chiclly cog. g* * 1 ' *j
up tlu-lr new establishments, ur« 1no> houiad
to he aa literary ns the niothei eo. , J , ■
w hy should they exhilnt a soreness tit not
The true 1 late of llm Casn is
nol as literary as
. ncrcP and | Immediately communicated (he plan nml door, from the time of Ids decease until
'increase to the offer, which he accepted, observing after the funeral. The lart instance
being
other Slate in F.uropo.
I 1:11 not sufiiaimilly acquainted with
ihe state of Germany, or Italy, to be
,p,le tn firm any opinion how lar it 1*
prohahlo that a Revolutionary Govern
ment may he Mabliilied in either of
(hose two countries. In Great Britain
ire have a Representative Government.
Some few abuses have been allowed to
creep into it ; correct those abuses, and
Revolutions will not take place, tint it
those abuses are not corrected, an Oli
garchy will bo established, which will
letter Royalty, humiliate Aristocracy,
and trample on the people. Such an
Oligarchy will be removable only by
Revolution.—pp. 316—313.
[ The preceding just reflections on the
revolution in (tie United States, were
that his life was at Gen. Washington •
service. After practising the machine,
until lie understood its powers ol balan
cing and moving under water, a night
was fixed upon lor the attempt. Gen.
Washington and his 11*30 'iotas in toe se
cret, took llmir stations upon the roof
of a house in Broadway, anxiously wai
ting the result. Morning ea ue u;i 1 no
intelligence could be had ol the intrepid
sub-marine navigator, nor could the boat
who attended him, give any account of
him after purling with him the lust part
of the night. While these anxious spec
tators were about to give him up as lost,
several barge* were seen to start sud
denly from Governor’s Island, (then
in possession of the British) and proceed
low.nds 801110 object near the Asia ship
of the line—as suddenly they were seen
to put about and steer for the Island with
sw inging o.u s. In two or three minutes
an explosion tool; place, from the sur
face of the water, resembling a water
spout, which aroused the whole city and
“Gold and silver, by (he common! of our College find* ? 1 uenh] j. r .
consent of mankind are made the repro- the recommendation of my predcccssi !
sentativcH of every specks of propeity. that those subject* be energetically C[
1' hoy pass every whore. They may he 1 quired into by your body at (| tP p r ’ tw ..
said, in one sense, to have intrinsic va-Jso«sion. As it will bo my duty, f0 j
loe Bank notes are merely the represen-1 will be rtn ptidc and pleasure, J u
tnlives of gold and silver. Seeing that use of the opportunity afforded me hr
no no of the batiks in the state do now j my situation, as far ns possible, j p llp .
thf« The Americans nr
tin- EnilHtu lint they have undoubtedly, as
lb. V srv 1 lie)' ImviS done a f,,r
liaei ty.'snd in the love ol it. lhe L.iigli-li,
on the otlicr'hand, are more literary, but
j.icv have nut done so much lor liberty ; or
if it slull ultimately turn nut that they have,
iVv di I not intend it. A tlmn i-limg npnli-
Ii, L*1 up, and Stupid doctrines ..r legitimacy
f»roii«?ht luck* iire w*vy d llfi’ttnt thin»;H. j p r inci\il<2S and practice, as well as an
in to forgot, nut only a ,) ni j rcr of the effects of our govern-
brought b
Bill file A
til It the'.'
t'. 1
penned bv an advocate of the British I tegiou the enemy’s ships took the a-
i government, by a man, who, however j I inn— signals wore rapidly given—lhe
liberal in his principles, looks with avo- I ships cut their cables and proceeded to
j proposal of Universal the. Honk svith nil possible dispatch,
iwn even at the proposal
Suffrage. If he wore to resiJc it) Penn
sylvania for one year and foe the (juici
ness with which our elections are Con
ducted, he would bo a convert to our
K>jtn* sop
„„i bound to In* as literary as
: ; 11 people, with all its old
1 inn, intercourse and inspir
,it tli.it tiie Anieiiruns Si Eng-
aonurcr
inenl. 'i'here is more
riot,
sweeping their bottoms with chains, and
with difficulty prevented their affrighted
crows from leaping overboard.
During this scene ol consternation,
the deceased came to the turlace, open-
ed tlie brass head of his aquatic ma-
c.infusion chine ; rose up and gave a signal for the
tracts, in that whit him* inlrin-dc orgrn-1 n.v information I can obtain, additional (o
oral value, in gold or silver, upon wln.l 11 lint you may derive from other sources
principle of honesty is it that thou 1 1 1 1,1
hanks
mldi-
stiall be communicated.’
li.di h ive l.oth a
common ancestry to I)
proud of, with »H its Sakespenres, Miltons,
..ad Barons. The Americans may even it
they please, for an ohvions reason, call them-
selvos the ’ . . ilants, par excellence, of the
Miltoi 111, and othyy great rwubllc-
\ liien do they ditrgraco tlu-ir own
p , ,-v by .having us if they were not sen-
s of wliat they hoasl.of. And why does
Mr Quincy Adams pretend t<> undervalue
what lie would give even his ears to possess ?
lie talk* of Tliemistoeles. It was mure lit
ju Bonaparte to.talk of Themistoelos, than
republic* professing a love of freed.nn. Lv
paminonda* would have been more to pur
pose, though nut fur Mr. Ad tins’ sophistry ;
fur Epaminonda?, besides being the deliver
t r of his country, was a musician and a dan
cer.”
The drift of Mr. Adams’ satire seems In
tie wholly misunderstood. It was drawn
lot-ill, notin vain boasting, not in anger, not
With lhe unhallowed desire of robbing Eng
land of her well-won laurels, hut as a pleasant
retaliation upon lhe spirit discovered by her
writers towards I Iris infant country. It was
probably produced hv that venomous mticle
in lhe Edinburgh Renew, (which Mr. Hunt
cannot fail to remember, and which an A-
taerican ran forget)—by that article where
in it was tauntingly asked, what does tin
World yet owe to American genius, nr >eien
ces. or'llie arts, and who read) an American
hook, looks at an American picture, or sta
tue, k.c. and what dues the world yet owe to
American physicians or surgeons? \V>
have not the article before us, hut it is evi
dent, from our Impression of it, that Mr.
Adams was merely re.toi ling with as much
soverity perhaps, and certainly with las:
pipslimption, on tin- sarcastic sneers and
tiinmphant n> dice of the Edinburgh wliigs,
to say nothing of lhe multiplied causes for
rebuke which have been authorized ever
since it breathed into life, by the Quarterly
Review. Whatever may be said of Mi
Adams’ personal feelings in relation to
Great Britain, it cannot tie denied that in
this respect his language was justifiable.
[llostoil full.]
FROM NICHOLS’ REFLECTIONS*
[a work i vri r.v published is England.]
The Revolution in the United States.
Wilt Revolution produce uu increase
of happiness to mankind ?
This is a question, which must fre
quently recur to every reflecting mind.
I have nn hesitation in shying, that 1
think Revolution
ne*s of mankind.
and bribery in one borough in England,
than there is in the whole State of Penn-
ylvani.r at n general election. TI10
hopelessness of reform in Great Britain
rests in the expectation of a corrupt
government reforming itself. It i* the
people, and they only, who will effect
my reform in the House of Commons,
or in any o'her department of the Brit
ish Government.— Phil. Guz.]
Flic first country in which w e have
seen a new government established by
revolution, i* America. The obstinate
perseverance of George III. in his sn-
leavers to compel the inhabitants of the
British Colonics to submit tn a violation
of their rights, has given Girth to a new
nation, called tho United States of Amer
ica. TI10 Government established in
this nation, i* without King, or Nobles,
or political Church : and history does
not afford 11s an example of any nation,
in which the happiness of the inhabit
ants, or the prosperity of the whole con
sidered collectively, has been more rap
idly increased.
There were primary causes, which
must at some moment or other have pro
duced a change in the French Govern
ment, but the Revolution in America
crtuinly accelerated the Revolution in
France.—p. 321.
England may avert Revolution : but
it can only avert it by a reform of the
House of Commons. 1 will acknow
ledge, that l have accustomed myself to
think that this reform might he effected,
by correcting abuses, and repairing on
the old foundation ; and that I have list
ened with aversion to the proposal of
Universal Suffrage. The new Spanish
Constitution seems to l.ol.l out some
thing which approaches very near to
Universal Suffrage : it remains to be
seen whether it can be carried into ef
fect. But when the people of England
see a pure Representative Government
established in the United States of Amer
ica, in Spain, in France, perhaps even
in Portugal ; can it he supposed, that
they will lie content with that mutilated
and disjiqvred representation which now
exi-G in the (louse of,Commons ? They
certainly w ill regain a more perfect re
presentation of the people. They will
ill add to the happi- be led to call for this, not solely from
The only country in j theoretical reflerlions, but from their
which we have yet seen a Revolutionary suffering under that immoderate load of
Government completely established, is taxes, which lias been imposed on them
America: and there the prosperity of in consequence of the unnecessary wars
the people hns been more rapidly in- 0 fGeorge 111.—p. 32C.
creased, than it is probable that it would I r - -
have been under the ok! Government, j From the JV. F. (ban. Advertiser.
Before the Independence of the United | Died, nt-Lvme, (Connecticut,) on the
States of America, the governors sent j 'JOth nil. Captain EZRA LEE, aged 72.
from Great Britain to its colonies were,) a revolutionary officer. It is not a little
for the most part, necessitous courtiers : remarkable, that this officer is the only
:md the object of Government was to check] man, of w hom it can be said that lie
the growth of the Colonics. In France I fought the enemy upon land—upon wa
ttle Revolution i* not yet completed ; for
t Ithough a Representative Government
is established, those who are entrusted
with the oxer; ire of that Government
pro considered by the peo> 1°, as desir
ous of destroying ii. The attention of
the people i- therefore employed anx
iously to wiilclt over tl.c Executive Gov
ernment, and to defeat its efforts. 1 will
add, that the improvements already de
rived from the Revolution in Fiance,
are so great, and so v Bible, that (lie peo
ple will never submit to see ttie ancient
regime re-established.
J11 Spain we at present only roc the
bbgidningof a Revolution ; but (lie serd
is sown, and a Revolutionary Govern
ment will lie established in tb.it country.
Probably Governments will bo estab-
li-liod in the bp wish Colonies, of a < h.ar-
ni*ter..similar to that, which is about to
he established in the mother country!
This will be fortunate ; for similitude of
Government will promote their inter#
course and connocti in with mv !t other.
One circumstance will probably to* an
immediate consequence of a Revolution
it\ Spain. If the Spanish Government
remains unaltered, Cuba must very soon
belong either to the United States of
America, nr to Great Britain. Bet if
Revolution *i*v Governments are cst.iti-
li.-h: .1 in Old Spain, and the Sp-mUli
Colonies on the Continent, Cuba may
adopt . similar government, and become
a member of thnt confederacy. A Rev
olution,in Old Spain, if accompanied by
tire establishment of free government)
in ber colonies, will produce a mod
rapid improvement. Her agriculture,
latter
ter—and under the water; (he
mode of warfare was ns follows :
When the British fleet lay in the
North River, opposite the city of Nevv-
York, nod while Gen. Washington had
possession of the city, he was very de
sirous to lie ri.l of such neighbours. A
Mr. Busltnell, of Saybrnok, (Conn.) who
had the genius of a Fulton, constructed
a sub-marine machine, of a conical form,
hound together w ilh iron hands, within
which one person might sit, and with
cranks and skulls, rould navigate it to
any depth under water. In the upper
part was affixed a vertical screw forihe
jiurpose. of penetrating ship’s bottoms,
and to this W its attached a magazine of
powder, within which was a clock,
which, on being set to run tiny given
time, would, when run down, spring a
rep-lock, and nn explosion would follow.
This Marine Turtle, so called, win ex
amined by Gen. Washington, and ap
proved : to preservo secrecy, it was
experimented within an inclosed yard,
over twenty to thirty feet water, and
kept dating day-light locked up in 1
vessels’ hold. The brother of the in
venter was to be the person to navigate
the machine into action, but on sinking
it the first time, lie declined the ser
vice.
Gen. Washington, unwilling to relin
qniMi the object, requested M >jor Gen.
l’arsnasllrt*igelect a person, in whom lie
coulri ciiittido, voluntarily to engage i
the enterprise ; the latter being well
acquainted with the heroic spirit, tin
patriotism, uud the firm and steady com -
age of the deceased above mentioned,
boat to come to him, but they could not
reach him, until he again descended un
der water, to avoid the enemy s shot
from the Island, who had discovered him
and commenced firing in his wake.—
Having forced !iirri“clf against .a strong
current under water until without the
reach cf the enemy's shot, he was taken
in tow and landed at the Battery amidst
a great crowd, and reported himsel! to
General Washington, who expre t,: cd his
entire satisfaction, that the object was ef
fected, without the loss of lives. I he
deceased was under the Asia’s bottom
morn than two hours, endeavoring to
penetrate her copper, hut in vain.—
He frequently came up under her stern
galleries, searching for an cxjiosed plank
and could hear the sentinels cry. Once
he was discovered by the watch on deck,
and heard them speculate upon him, but
concluded a drifted log had paid them a
visit—lie returned to her keel and exam
ined it fore and aft, & then proceeded to
some other ships ; hut the impossibility
of penetrating their copper, for want of
a resisting power, hundreds owed the
safety of their lives to this circumstance.
The longest space of time he could re
main under water was two hours. For
a particular description of this sub-mar
ine curiosity, see Sillitnan’s Journal of
arts and sciences.
The deceased, during the war, ever
had the confidence and esteem of the
commander in chief, and was frequently
employed by him on secret missions of
importance. He fought with him at
Trenton and Monmouth ; at Brandywine
the hilt of his sword was shot away, and
his hat and coat were penetrated with the
enemy’s balls. On the return of peace,
he laid aside lhe habiliments of war,
and returned to his farm, whore, like
Cincinnati)*, he tilled his lands, until now-
called by the Great Commander in Chief
to the Regions above, lie died without
nn enemy ; lie was universally beloved.
The suavity of his manners—evenness of
temper, and correctness of principles,
was proverbial and pleasing to all ac
quaintance. He enjoyed-,the confidence
of his fellow-citizens, to an extent almost
unparnllelled. His desk was the reposi
tory of deeds, contracts, and other evi-
deuces of property, as well as the wi
dows nnd orphans wealth fur safe keep
ing. He constantly read the papers of
the day, and was by many considered i
political Prophet. His Christian & mor
al life was sternly strict ;—His Bible hi
guide and rule of action. “ To do unto
others, as he would they should do unto
him,” was his universal maxim nnd rule
of life. His benevolence and charity
was only circumscribed by bis means.—
Contented and happy, lie was an exam
ple of the great blessings which flow from
(lie perfect en joyment of life, regulated
by Christian and moral virtue. He lias
left a w idow, with (whom lie lias lived 51
years) and numerous offspring to mourn
the loss of one of the best of men.
which is remembered of this, was in th
case of Gov. Hancock’s uncle, 17(1*1.
Copies of the escutcheon painted on
black silk were more anciently distribu
ted among the pall be irers— rings after
wards—ami until within n few years,
gloves. Dr. A. Elliot bail n mug full ol j p ny their notes according to their on-1 swer the.-** imp.;
rings, which were presented to him at
funerals. Till within about twenty
years gentlemen wore powder, nnd ma
ny of them sat from thirty to forty min
utes every day under the barber’s hands
to have their hair craped—suffering no
inconsiderable pain most of the limo
from hair pulling, and sometime* from
the hot curiing tong*. Crape, cushions
and hoops were indispensable in full
dress till within about thirty years.—
Sometimes ladies were dressed the day
before the party, end slept in easy chairs
to keep their hair in fit condition for the
following night. Most ladies went to
parlies on foot, if they could not get a
cast in a friend's carriage or chaise.—
Gentlemen rarely had 11 chance to ride.
The laU'st dinner hour was 2 o’clock
—some officers of the colonial govern
ment dined later occasionally. In gen
teel families, Indies went to drink tea
about four o’clock ; and rarely staid af
ter candle light in summer. It was the
fashion for ladies to propose a visit—not
to he sent for.
The drinking of punch in the fore
noon in public houses, was a common
practice with the most respectable men
till about five and twenty years ago ;
ind evening clubs were very common.
The latter, it is said, were the more
common formerly, as they afforded the
means of communion on the state of the
country. Dinner parlies were very
rare. Wine was very little in n^e :
convivial parties drank punch or toddy.
Half boots came into fashion about thir
ty years ago. The first pair that ap
peared in Boston, were worn by a young
gentleman, who came here from New-
Vork, ant] who was more remarkable
for his hoots than any thing cRe. With
in twenty years gentlemen wore scarlet
coats with black velvet collars, and very
costly buttons of mock pearl, cut steel,
or painted glass—and neck cloths edged
with lace, and laced rutiles over the
hands. Before the Revolution from 5
to £601) was the utmost of annual ex
penditure in ttic.se families where car
riages and correspondent domestics were
kept. There were only two or three
carriages, that is, chariots or couches, in
1750. Ciiaiseson four wheels, not phas-
tons, were in use in families of distinc
tion.
About 1730 to 17-10, there was no
meat market; there were only four
shops irr which fresh meat was snl.l—
one of them was the corner of State-
street and Cornliill, where Mr. Harts
horn now keeps. Gentlemen used to
go the day before and have their name*
put down for what (hey wanted. Out
side of this shop was a large hook on
which carcasses used to hang. A little
man, w ho was a justice of the peace,
came one day for meat ; but came too
late, lie was disappointed, and asked
to whom such nnd such pieces were to
go—ose of them was to go to a trades
man— (it was not n common thing in
those days for tradesmen to cat fresh
meat )—the justice went out, saying he
would scnJ the tradesman a sallad for
his lamb. He sent an overdue and un
paid taxbill. Soon alter, the tradesman
met tliu justice near this place, and told
him he. would return his kindness ;
which he did. by hanging the justice up
by the waistband of his breeches to the
butcher’s hook, and leaving him to get
down a* lie could.
ant onnuiiios
an,I
From the Boston Daily Advertiser.
From the manuscript of a respectable old
inhabitant of Poston.
REMINISCENCES, No. 4.
Dress, .\ c.—Seventy years ago, conk
ed hati, wigs, and red cloaks, were the
usual dress of gentlemen. Boots were
rarely seen except among military rnen.
Shoe Strings were worn only by (hose
who could not buy any sort of buckles.
In winter, round coats were used, made
stiff with buckram ; they came down to
the knees in front.
Before the Revolution, hoys wore
wigs nnd cocked hats—and boys of gen
teel families wore cocke.J hats till within
about thirty years.
Ball dress for gentlemen was silk coat
nu.l breeches of the same, and embroid
cre.l waistcoats—sometimes white satin
breeches. Buckles were fashionabl.-
till within fifteen or twenty years—and
a man could not have remained in a ball
room with shoe strings. It was usual
for the bride, bridegroom, nnd maids and
men attending, to go to church together
three successive Sundays after the wed
'ling, with a change of dress each day
A gentleman who deceased not long
-ince, appeared the first Sunday in white
broadcloth—the second in blue and gold
—the third in peach bloom and pearl
button*. It was a custom to hang the
escutcheon of a deceased head of a fain
CONCERNS OF THE S1ATES.
UjW-VOUK.
On Saturday the IOlti instant, the Con
vention, which has been sitting for the
last two months in this state, adjourned
sine die. It was determined to iucorpo-
ite the amendments with the present
institution, and present the whole to
the people, who are finally to pass upon
the doings of the Convention, and ra! ify
or reject them. The amendments pro
posed by the Convention to the consti
tution of the state, are. :—.Wit. Int.
1st. That the legislative shall cor
respond with the calender year, and be
gin on the 1st day of January ; and that
the general elections shall he held in the
fall instead of the spring of the year.
2d. That the governor shall hrdd his
office for two years, instead of three ;
and vesting in him n right to pardon ab
solutely in cases of murder, which lie
did not possess before, hut only to grant
prieves, and refer the matter to the le-
gi-l iturc.
3d. A provision for making future a-
mendments to the constitution.
1th. The abolition of the council of
revision and vesting a qualified negative
on the passage of laws in the executive*
done.
5lli. The extension of the right of suf
frage.
6th. A division of the stale into eight
senatorial districts, instead of four ; li
miting tho number of members of as
sembly to ono hundred and twenty-
eight ; and some new modifications of
the legislative department.
7lli. The abolition of the council of
appointment, and providing for the e-
Icction and appointment of officers.
Cth. A new modification of the judi
ciary."
TENNESSEE.
We have received the Message of the
new Governor Carroll to the Legisla
ture of this State, on taking the reins of
government. It has many excellent
points, lie completely explodes the on
fortunate delusion that paper is money, &
ily out of the window over the front sums up his argument as follows :
uld be required to issue a lar_
tional quantity of notes ?”
The remedy which Governor Carroll
suggests—the true temc.ly in our lieu,
is tlm* proposed :
“ The cultivation of industrious ha
bits, mid the practice of rigid econo
my, are the only means by which imJi-
viduals generally can lie relieved fiuni
pecuniary embarrassment*. A deter
mination, on the part of the people, to
promote' agriculture and domestic er
household manufactures, nnd to lessen
the consumption of foreign goods ofc-
very discription, will soon relieve the
most of the community from the present
pressure.
To give permanent relief to the
country we. should keep steadily in view
the necessity of restoring u sound cur
rency,” &c.
The following passages arc beyond
our praise, and we con only express our
hearty consent to the views they con
tain, particularly to that which incul
cates the necessity of the general dif
fusion of knowledge among the great bo
dy of the people, to effect which much
remains to be done, particularly in lire
middle, southern, and western states :
Connected with a revision of the*
judicial system would be an enquiry into
our criminal code. The great o 1 juris of
punishment are the 'reformation of tin
offender nnd the prevention of crime.—
l he plan that will best advance these ob
jects ought certainly to be adopted. To
lhe attainment of the latter end nothing
so much conduces ns certainty in pun
ishment ; anil it is w orthy of serious nnd
inxious enquiry, whether 11 more lenient
scale of punishment, hearing a just pro
portion to the magnitude 0Bench offunce,
would not belter answer the purposes
than the present system. Under it, it i*
almost impossible to convict a criminal,
however enormous a crime he may have
committed. IS'ich is the tenderness of
jurors, that, when the life of 11 fellow-
creature is at stake, an ncqqiltal is too
apt to follow the discovery <>f n single
circumstance in mitigation of Cite offence.
There is no mode of punishment at
which the reflecting mind so powerfully
revolts, as whipping, cropping, & brand
ing. They never fail to have a bid ef
fect on society and on the culprit.
They are looked upon by the bye-sland
ers, first with disgust, and then with in
difference. The offender who has lost
his character at a whipping-post, having
lost all that is valuable, feels insensible
to infamy, and a spirit of revenge against
the,whole community, by whose laws Ii
lias been punished, stimulates him to the
commission of new outrages. This con
sequence is avoided by private punish
ment. Nothing has so great a tendency
to bend nnd overcome the stubborn and
unruly passions of our nature as solitary
imprisonment, coarse diet, and hard la
bor. These considerations prompt me
to recommend that a penitentiary or stale
prison be erected for the punishment of
offenders. It ought to be built at first
on a small scale. Additions can be made
as necessity shall require.
The attention of your body has
doubtless been already turned to the sub
ject ofinternal improvements. It seems
to he a matter of great doubt, whether
it is the duty of the general government,
or whether they posses? the power to
construct roads, open canals and improve
rivers, unless in a few excepted cases.
This makes it the more neccssry that
the individual stales should go speedily
and energetically to work. Tennessee
is filled with numerous rivers that could
without much difficulty, he rendered na
vigable at all seasons. And, wlmti it i-
considered, that the country would in a
few* years he amply repaid for all expen
ditures by saving in transportation, and | last cveoin
ttie ability thereby created of getting at
ill times to the best market, it seems rea
sonable that an early commencement of
such improvements should meet with un
divided support. Lands, loo, will im
prove in value, & foreign capital will he
brought to our doors, lfour means'will
not justify the immediate commencement
of such a work, it i* at least practicable
to make a survey of the rivers, and as
certain vvliat the probable expencc will
he. It is matter, also, worthy of enqui
ry, whether a fund might not bo set n-
part out of the existing nnd anticipated
proceeds, of the sale of public land*, and
the latter placed as they arise in the hands
of commissioners of public works, to be
selected from all parts of lhe state.—
The completion of nn object so desirable
must he the work of time ; but, onec
completed, generations to come will reap
the fruits of your enterprise.”
“ The general diffusion of knowledge,
among the great body of the people i*
an object so consistent with the prinoj.
pies of our government, that it has a
strong claim on the attention of legislative
bodies. Some of the older states have
so adapted their system to the various
conditions of society, that every mem
ber of the community may acquire a
common English education ; nnd when
we rellect that genius anil mental ener
gy are as qficn found in the rnid*l of po
verty and obscurity, as among “ the rich
and well horn,” there is everv motive
for the patriot and statesman so to direct
his efforts as to place within the roach
of the poor, ns well a* the wealthy, the
means of education. WIiaLii the state
of our school funds ? What is the stale
FROM Till' COUNCIL BLurry
St. 1.0!y, Ucf
Gi*i|(*ra! Atkinson and Ma|nr 0'i’;,[| u!t
(Indian agent) arrived in this place no Him
day last from Coimril Bluffs#—Tile. |,,|| ri
gentluninn hrniijclit down with him 11 depma
lion consisting of chiefs mid head men t,f
seven hands of Missouri Indians—Tin* Grand
Pawner 1 ", Pawnee I.imps, Pawnee liepnli.
tics, O’.Maluis, Olios, Missouri), and Kansu,
amounting in all In sixteen men. Their
destination is Washington City.
We learn that the various tribes cf Indi
ans inhabiting (lie country on the. Missomi,
as hi^h iq> as the Great Bend, whence our
trade has been carried by (lie enterprise of
the Fur CVmpiinu**, remain friendly toward
the while*. The Aracnras, mime (ivo hur-
Ired, miles above, at ill evince a disposition
)h troublesome, which nothing hut lhe
how of an armed force will quiet. Nome
hostility occuri d the last summer helwci'U
(lav O'Main nation anil the (lilies of ilm
Sioux, the Tetons and Ogelalas. It appears,
hat, wliil t each party was traversing the
I'laius in put suit uf buffalo, they pitched
lln ir camps near each oilier, nnd, as a good
understanding did not exist between then),
some efforts to conciliate and Ileal lhe breach
wen* m >de liy (In* O '1 dins, and acceded to
by til- Sioux. F.acli visited the camp of
the other, when the usual ceremony of smok
ing and feasting, mingled with assurances of
peace on Imth aides ensued. 'Pile O’Malias
and exchanged most of their arms to
tin* Sioux for horses : but, whilst this in
terchange of traffic nnd civilities was in op
eration, some of the young men of lln* Sioux
(ever faithless, as is their common character)
mployed themselves in stealing the ()’-
Malms’ horses. The O’Malms resented tho
outrage, and a battle ensued, in which they
wore driven off the fluid, with the loss of 13
warriors. The Sioux Inrt six or eight men.
Ii is believed that all lhe disquiet, as well as
111*) frequent petty warfare made by ore trilnj
upon another, among the remote Indians,
would l>e silenred by the show of an armed
force nn the parts of the Missouri they re
spectively inhabit, and it would open to our
traders a road to tliu richest fur region in
the world.
Views tn this effert are contemplated by
government, and will nn doubt, bn spredilv
accomplished. Ample means are in the
bands nf (he military at the Coimril Bluffs
for ttie completion nf the object, without iu-
curing any expense in government beyond
what may lie necessary for sustaining the
garrison at this post, the expenses of which
ire daily humming lighter, and the progress
of the troops in cultivating bread st if*, and
rearing stock, warrants the belief that they
will shortly hi* less then at any interior post.
The present crop at the Bluffs promises a
very abundant ban c*l—more than 15,000
bushels of corn will tie stored, besides tho
product of forty acres nr land cultivated in
potatoes, and the fruits of twelve or fourteen
extensive kitchen gardens.
A grist and saw mill, equal to any west of
the Alleghany, lias been erected at i he above
post the past summer, vvhirli will enable the
troops to manufacture their own bread stuffs,
and relieve them from the fatigues of sawing
plunk, Sac. by hand.—Enquirer.
The New-York Convention.
^ This august hndv terminated its labors on
Saturday week. Tile amended constitution,
elegantly engrossed nn fine parchment, was
read, nnd the final vote on its adoption was
taken by ayes and tines ; there were 03 for,
and only » against it. The 93 who voted
for its adoption, subscribed it. Some nfthe
discussions nn this very interesting and im
portant subject, were very animated, and
warm personal aberrations grew occasional
ly out of them. But considering the various
interests and feelings, local, private and po
litical, vvhirli necessarily mingled themselves
with their deliberations, this great unanimity
in favor of the amendments, taken together,
must be received as a very strong evidence
of their utility: and will undo tite.dly re-
rnmmc.nd them to the favorable regard of
the people.—Albany Argus.
Nr.vv-Yor.1:, Nov. 17.
Yesterday eamo nn for trial in the Court
of Sessions, the cause nf The St ite vs. Milli
gan and WeMimnn, charged with defraud
ing the Piienix Bank of a large sum of mo
ney. After swearing n great number of wit
nesses and hearing counsel on both sides, it
was committed to the jury at half past ten
who, after being absent about
40 minutes, returned with a verdict of guil
ty. Wc understand the defence was not
placed on tin* merits, but was made princi
pally to turn upon the question whether t!m
fact, charged in tlielndictmciit was precisely
laid, inasmuch as it slated that tile defend
ant, Milligan, being an of'ovr of the Hank,
commUtrd lln* robbery, against the statute
in such case made and provided. (Welsh
man was indicted for riding ami abetting.)
Whereas tSits facts in evidence were, that the
defendant was nol an officer of the Hank, but
only nried as a temporary substitute for a
clerk, at the clerk’s request. This distinc
tion was not deemed quite sound by tlie
court, nor sufficiently cninprelicnslhfe by
the jury, ant] so, alirr two days spent ill
marches and countermarches of witnesses
and rounicl, they Iasi no lime in returning u
verdict of guilty. At length, then, we have
an instance in prove that lhe laws can reach
a case of bank robbery.
MAIL ROBBERY.
The Northern Mail which arrived at
the Rost Office in this city yesterday,
had horn robbed by means of a hole cut
in Iht: I’ortmnntenu, through which lliw
bag from the Fayetteville Post-Office,
containing all tho letters for Savannah,
and oilier jdaeos to the south of'Chnrles-
lon, together with (ho package Irem
Fayetteville far this city vv.as taken rut..
It appear* by a letter from the Post-Mas
ter at Georgetown, to tire Post-Master in
this city, that the robbery was committed
by (lie driver between .Marion Court
lioiifo and tlie Great Pen Deo. Ween#*
dcrstnnd that hi* name is Kank, and that
it was the first lime he over carried tl» ;
mail. Prom*>t measure* have been ta
ken, and wo hope soon to'ho able to an
nounce Ins apprehension.
[Charleston Courier.']