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€ SOUTHERN RECORDER. VOL. II. MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1322. n !T^T No. 50.. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY S. QRAMFTLAJYD &,• R. M. OR ME, Qn Hancock Street, opposite the Auction Store IT TUBF.12 DOLLARS, IN ADVANCE, OR FOUR DOLLARS AT THK EXPIRATION of tii- Tj*Adverlisemeut. conspicuously inserted' a( the customary rates. Letters on business, in all enses, must be tost pud INQUISITION AT LISBON. VVe copy from a country ])A|tcr (The Best Driton) a letter from uu Englishman at Lisbon, describing the throwing open of the dungeons of the Inquisition. The fad of this exhibition we had already learned from the Portuguese papers, nntl hud communicated to our readers; but there'are many particulars in the pri vate letter which make it worthy of nl- ten ion. It seems clear, from the letter in question, that fiven in very recent times the establishment hits been in hor rid effi' ie.nev, and that one Englishman tit least has been among the sufferets :— Lisbon, Oct. 20, 1821. I send you a description of ll|p Inqui sition at this place, which l have been to visit. The Cortes are proceeding steadily with the great work they have undertaken ; and l have no doubt that they will form a constitutional system ot Government equal to any in the world. They appear to have the Spanish Con stitution and that ol the United States of America chiefly in their, view. At the sitting of the Cortes on the 10th instant, St iihor Fignriw presented a letter from the Keeper of the Inquisition, stating, that on the building being opened for public inspection, the people had be haved in a very disorderly manner breaking open doors and carrying away pipers, &c; and that several had actu ally cried out that the building should be burned, whilst they held lighted can dles in their hands, as il about to put their threats into execution; which he Stated they would have done but for the interposition of the guards. T he Kcep- er therefore prayed that measures should be taken to prevent the recurrence ol such scenes. Senhor Basics said, that if any such disorders as had been descri ed had occurred, it was owing to the re- f„«al of the keepers to show the instru ments of torture and the lower cells of the prison to the visitants. In his ©pin ion these gentlemen, the peepers, cher ished a religious respect for the I ribu- nal, of which they spoke with apparent veneration. As it was apprehended the people might set fire to the place, it would be better to auspend lamps in va Tiotts parts, and not allow the visitants to iinppu iic-hts: Senhor Fernando 1 homas of which made out, the others were obliterated. Some of the cells which had not been used for several years were locked up, lit the visitants soon broke them open, ’uman bones were found in many of ■ ie«e. In one was found part of a friar’s nabit, with a waist girdle of rope and some hones. The apertures like chim neys in some of the cells were closed ; and 1 have been informed that it was a common mode of putting prisoners to death, to place them in these apertures which were then walled up, and quick lime being poured in from the top a spee dy •cud was potto their sufferings The furniture is very old ; the chairs in the halls are covered with leather, studded all round with very large brass nails :— l send you a piece of leather with one of these nail«, taken from one of the best chairs, 't he large tables in the halls had drawers for papers ; these the visit ants broke, open, every one being desi rous of obtaining some relic of the once terrible Inquisition. In several of the cells there were mattresses, some of them old, others nearly new, which proves that the Inquisition was no bug bear up to a very recent date. Besides the three floors which 1 have described, there are a number of cells underground, which have not yet been .opened. These it is supposed, contain the ap paratus for inflicting the torture, Slc.—It is understood that these will be shortly thrown open to the public ; when they are I shall not fail to visit them, and shall send you a description. The spot on which the Inquisition stands was cover ed with houses in 1755, when the great earthquake happened, by which they were laid in ruins ; so that the present building has not been erected more than GO years ; and all the victims that were immolated in it must have been sacrificed within that period. * * * HOLSsE OF LEi’KESENTATIVEs>. There are seats in these private passages so contrived, that a person sitting, ought in spect two of the cells at the same time, R* by a larti of the Ittail he could 6* his eye upon the hole over either eetl at plea-ure ; or lie could hear what »a< snid in either. I lie per sons appointed to li-ten to the discourse of the prisoners wore cloth shoes ; so that their foot steps could not be heard. MELANCHOLY SHIPWRECK. Particulars of the loss of the Sclir. Sophia, Communicated by Richard S. Brady, seamen, the survivor ol luc crew of said vessel. Norfolk, Dee. 31. The schr. Sophia, Thomas Massey, mas ter, sailed from Philadelphia on V\ ednesdiiy, I-’tli Dec. with an assorted cargo to sundry 3K >'y> \ curry lights ; Senhor proposed that an inscription, oi wmen the following is a translation, should be Fixed on every place occupied by the Inquisition in Portugal : , << May eternal malediction follow escry Portuguese- who does not hold for ever in ‘ abhorrence an Invention so inferiwl. On the 8th of October, the Inquisition at Lisbon was thrown open for public in spection, and for the first four days the concourse of people of all descr.pttonw that crowded to view it was so great that the press,ire at the entrance rendered ! an enterprise of some risk. I he build ing is a large obloog, with a garden in the centre ; there are three flo ‘ 5r8 ’"" a number of vaulted passages, along the aides of which are cells ot different sizes, from'ix by seven feet to eight by ntne feet. Each cell has two doors; them per door of iron, the outer of oak, very strong. As there are no windows in the mil. *n in. e-.»»;i ;" r light is admitted w hen the doors are shut The cells on the upper floor are large than Ihe others, and each has an aper ture like a chimney through which the gkv is visible.—These were approprtet- ^to the use of those who,t was suppos ed might be liberated. In the roof ot eacS (for they are all vaulted) » ■ Rm-tll aperture of about an inch in diame- Tr and a p ivate passage runs over each range; so*that the persons employed bv the Holy Office could at any t.me ob serve the conduct of the prisoners un seen ; and if two persons were con,rod ”" f »'r ; ' ,e or£is. h ri™: r K ioto admissions Bint mt n cral 0 f Wf-itt&trxS merchants in Norfolk and Baltimore. Her iaimti lire nersons. viz : i nonius crew consisted of lire persons, viz Massey (of Philadelphia) master; VVn Smith, (of Bristol, Pa;)mate ; John Be (of New Jersey) seaman ; the coo*. (* ' . - S2 Rru man Wm G. tlCOIL black only survivor of the wreck. Left Capo lleiilonen on Wednesday, Dec. 19, vt ilb clear weather and wind N. W. which shill ed'about U o’clock to S. W. with thick weather, and so continued unld ! >® l “rday. On Thursday nigh,, off lI>«m..x Istand, 1'•» miles to the southward of Lape Herdopen, lost her fore-topsail in a blew, a heavy ^ tlien running; on P rtday, about 10 o Uetk, V. M. blowing fresh, lost her dying jib sprung a-leak, which being smallI • d not occasion much uneasiness; on baUtrday morning, the wind changed to N. «•“*«* v the vessel In-ing then under her foil matnsail andjm-sawChincoteague ,1,001 1 o’clock, the only land in " dark still blowing very Iresh, took in lit mainsail and jib, double reefed the loresat. ~ ; and continued under that sail unhl miduigt,when the vessel not laying lowed .misled part of the mainsad, under which she lay for ha f an hou . At mid • h , turn- the Cants watch on itecu, ue was engaged in attempting to discover the ■ on ripping up part ol the ceiling leak, and upo.. . . . . r the cabin, the water rushed in in pumps going, and to oatt » stiJ1 leak was then tound t .— blown away, and th * 1 | t r' 1 'l, m 'V|>,'Tn',mb(r ,,f,l,- cell. lb. ,1809, awl remained ns ., Qn lhe there are strokes in the wall. w L with white-"-—. ----- e . l There wore „ number of -tnA esse I struck with • , r M went below to rign'^b 1 h the vessel went entue 1 ) to 1" 1,1,0 n'L"crew clung to the masts and p, .har parti of the wreck, from which they other peru was h*d bv the heavy sea, were repeatedly > ^assrv had got- but regained tlh,m. ti » fl . om , v „ich ten on the head of the ... - - ^ Two he w as washed and men m ^ wb() part of be wasvviio (the mate) and Bacon others, Sumo t wcre on pan oi with the cook "ashed off "’Vdrowned q The. survivors still clung to and dtownul . 8 short lime th!* part o the wreck, Jt imrnediatB , y roached t c « d ta | lcd 0 n his corn- made for the la , ,. of m . 1<>r e are etroites ... j„hn all «" ' lil« Uiuuc cr -wash, which had scaled off re n number of (lie name, and the figures TRANSACTIONS AT PENSACOLA. Wednesday, January 2, 1822. Mr. Whitman called lor the considera tion of the resolution lie hail submitted in the early part of the session, requesting information from the President ol the United States, relative to any misunder standing which may have existed between General Jackson and Judge Fromentiu, in the territory of Florida, Sic. Mr. W. remarked, that lie deemed the inquiry of the first importance, and it he had fully understood the reasons dial had occasioned the previous postpone ment, they were founded upon an ex pected communication from the Execu live in relation to that subject, without a call from the House. But he (Mr. VV.) had information on which he relied, that such was not the intention of the Presi dent, and, of course, it could not be in decorous to adopt the resolution The House, thereupon, agreed to con sider the same ; and the first question in order was upon an amendment hereto fore proposed, to strike out the words “ think proper to cohuuunicate,” and to iusert in lieu thereof, the word “ pos sess”—thereby requesting all the infor mation possessed by the President in re lation to the subject. The question was taken on this proposition, and lost, ayes 61, noes 72. The question then being upon the whole resolution— Mr. Cannon moved to strike out all that part of the resolution which related to the supposed misunderstanding be tween Governor Jackson and Judge f ra mentin. Mr. C. could perceive no good consequences likely to grow out ol the proposed inquiry. It was not calculat ed, in his opinion, to lead to any benefi cial result. It might protract debate, and excite a fermeut—but fur any nation al purposes, it was worse titan useless. It related to a supposed misunderstand ing between two subordinate officers—&• there was as little propriety for this in qniry as there would he il this llousi were to call upon the President ot the United States for information relative to alleged differences between the Marshals of different districts. Mr. Whitman regardcJ this inquiry s of more consequence than the gentle man from Tennessee, (Mr. Cannon,) seemed to apprehend. Itffid not relate to a quarrel between one Executive offi cer and another ; but it was between an Executive and a Judicial ollicer ; both clothed with high powers, and both exe cuting important functions. That a dif ficulty had existed, no one seemed to question. But little of the merits of the case had transpired, except what could be gathered from rumor and newspaper information. Yet even from these frail and scanty vehicles of information, suffi cient had been disclosed to excite sur prize k awaken inquiry. The transac iion« alluded to were surely novel; and if correctly stated, they were such as this nation, he believed, would hesitate to avow. If those reports were true, the Governor had not only restrained the liberty of an individual—but when the constitutional remedy by habeas cor pus was applied, was about to lay his hand upon the judge himself. He thought it was a dangerous precedent to sanction, and, if allowed in ono case, it might he in another. When, therefore, the subject was brought before the House in the Executive Message, he as the gtand in quest of the nation, to qniry, and not to suffer it to pass sub ilentio. It was the duty of the House to watch over tin* liberties of the peo ple—to guard against the approach ol tyranny, under whatever form il may ap pear. If the Governor of a Territory had unjustifiably interfered with the ju dicial authorities, it ought to be known, and articles of impeachment preferred aiust him. If, on the other hand, a Judge bad usurped Executive powers, let him receive that punishment which the offence deserves. If there was any branch of the government in which pu rity and correct limitation of its (towers were indispensable, it was the Execu tive. It should be kept within its pro per bounds ; for, when permitted to en croach upon the other departments, and overleap the constitution with impunity there was an end to our boasted liberties It had been suggested that, by restgna lion, the Governor cf Florida had pla ced himselfbeVond the reach of impeach ment ; vet, if the facts alleged were true it was the botinden duty of tins govern ment and of the representatives *fthe people, to express at least their disap probation of measures which, if correct ly related, were more outrageous than wrong. It hud been urged that this house was the grand inquest of t.ie n.> tion. But he would ask, where was the complaint before us ? Where was'the testimony ? None had been offered.— No complaint had been made against the illustrious officer who had served his country with such distinguished honor, nnd yet we were called upon to try him. not only without evidence, but without even a complaint. Nor did he (Mr. S.) believe that any ground fur complaint existed. The governor of the Florida* was vested with all the powers of a Spanish Governor, and those powers in cluded the paramount authority of a Su preme Judge. To these powers, he believed the authority of Judge Fromen- tin was subordinate ; but, whatever the particular facts might have been, they were properly before the Executive, Il did not require the interposition of this house. Mr. Randolph, who next spoke, said he did not mean to express any opinion as to the conduct of any of the parlies such implicated in the inquiries moved for by the gentlcmau froto Maine. That opin ion, if any he had, he said he should re serve until an occasion, at least more proper than the present, arose for its expression. But he must he permitted to say, that this was the first time, that, in a deliberative assembly, lie had ever heard the doctrine that, in n case of al leged misconduct on the part of public functionaries, inquiry was .improper, be cause ultimately these public functiona ries, or some one of them, might lie proved to have been in the wrong. He recollected, he said, hundreds of cases —he had almost said thousands—in which motions had been made in (ho Bri tish House of Commons, by Mr. Fox, tor the purposes of putting in the wrong— whom ? l he country ? No ; the Min istry. The ministry was one thing— the country another. In England lie knew that lobe the case, and lie hoped it might yet he the case here. It is pro per, if we are in the wrong, said Mr. K. that it be told to the American people But suppose that we should those to cover up this thing—to put our light un der a bushel—is there any obligation on the part of Spam to do the same ? Will not her diplomatists endeavor to put us in the wrong ? Is it not our duty to pread this matter before the country in- its true light ! And God grant to all con cerned a safe deliverance, Mr. R. said, wth his prayer from the bottom ol his heart. There was another view of this subject, which he wished to present. Standing here, utterly indifferent, not as between his country and Spain, but as between the individuals whose couduct is embraced by this inquiry—in the ca pacity of a Representative of the Ame rican people, he was desirous to have this matter inquired into, and to have all the information which the public safely and interest do not forbid, laid before the American people, and beffre this House. You are gravely told, said he, that lhe officers in question are nowfunrli a(ficiis\ that they are no longer executing the duties with which they were charged, and that it would be idle ami ridiculous to impeach them when out of office. But, does not the House perceive that we owe il even to the Executive govern ment to ipquire into the matter 'l .Is it only Mr. Jackson, who is understood now to have retired from office—is it on ly Mr. Fromentin, who is interested in the proposed inquiry ? Without re ference to either, or to the Spanish com missioners, or whatever else they may thought it their dutv, as the grand ho; hut, in reference to our own peo- ° ’to institute an in- pie, and our own affairs, in which no fo reign nation has a right to intermeddle, Mr. R. said, if there had been malfais- auce on the part of one or of the oilier and there was strong evidence that there had been tnalfaisance somewhere —did not the House see that the inquiry was due to the Executive, that its con duct, in regard to the act or acts, and to the agent or agpnts too, should he made known to this House.? Mr. R, said he was no Pharisee in politics, any more than in religion ; his inclination was ra ther the other way, to too great laxity— he was always disposed to give to the Executive any reasonable confidence, and he did not now wish to shew a want of it; but, if this inquiry were now re fused, the inference would be imsisti- ' idice of the urged, refuse the inquiry that lias been moved. Mr. Cannon replied. He could not accede to lhe proposition of lhe gentle man from Virginia, (Mr. Randolph,) to withdraw the amendment. Entertaining the opinions he did, and believing that the case could not properly come before his house, it would he an abandonment >f lhe dictates of his better judgment, were lie to ugree lo the proposal. It was a subject us he believed, peculiarly within Executive cognizance. It had been the tendency of this government, lor many years past, tn take from the Executive its responsibility. For his part, he would put responsibilty where Ihe constitution had placed it. It was the duty of the Executive to snake the in quiry, Si to decide upon it also ; Si he w as unwilling Amt tins house should n»B,itnc ihe Executive responsibility. In rela tion to that part of the resolution which requested information respecting the de livery of Florida, Mr. C. had no objei- lion that it should be adopted. It was not perhaps improper ; hut for thi* house to settle the quarrels of individual*, was not a course either dignified or ex pedient. Mr. Archer, of Virginia, briefly re viewed the grounds of opposition to th. inquiry proposed iu the resolution.— The principal argument, he snid, mumm ied to no more than flint no inquiry ought to be made lest it might end m the crimination of some officer of the go- verniuent. What was the nature of the transactions said to have occurred in 1‘ensacola during the last summer ?— Would any man deny, that, if what was said was true, acts of the most despotic nuture have been committed in that ter ritory ? Would anv man deny that it had been asserled that an ollicer appoin ted by this government, under the-nu- thority of law, has exercised the powers of a despot—powers more extensive e- ven than ever was exercised by any 0<> vernor of Spain in the colonies of that country ? Mr. A. adverted to the inqui sitorial character constitutionally belong ing tothis house, Siuskml whether, wheu an olfirer or officers ol this government were dinged with gross malversation in office, even inquiry was to he denied, (be the reason which had been assigned, namely, that the inquiry might redound to the prejudice of thill officer ? Some of the occurrences reported to have taken place at Pensacola were, he said, merely matters of curiosity ; hut some of them were of great importance. If facts were correctly reported, these two extraordinary things had occurred : the Spanish population of Florida, after it became a territory to the United Stales, lost a part of the civil liberty they had previously enjoyed ; and citizens of the United States, removing to that territory, had been denied the lights seem cl to them by the constitution of the United Stales, as completely ns if they had gone to Constantinople instead of i’ensa ola. Mr. A. did not affirm that such things had really taken place, but they were re ported to have occurred. He did not undertake to say that guilt existed any where in regard to these reported trans actions—he was far from imputing il without inquiry, and particularly t< man who had rendered important ser vices to his country. But all circum stances combined to /how that there ought to be an inquiry. If such doc trines had been acted upon, the otb nders ought to be brought to the bar of this house, and afterwards to condign repro bation. He did not say such things had been ; hut the reports on the subject were of such a character as involved the peace of the country, the character of the government, and that of this house and he therefore hoped the inquiry would he suffered to go ou. Mr. Smith expressed his wish that gentlemen would construe his remarks in llu: manner in which they were mane, lie did not mean to say, nor did he be lieve, that an invesiiguiion would show our government to have been in the. wrong. On the contrary, he expressly- stated his conviction that Gen. Jjrksoo had a right to do as lie had done. Mr. S. lud seldom been on a jury, but he had al ways understood that no indictment could he fouuil, unless upon complaint made, or upon the positive, personal ku^wl edge of one of the paimel. But wlial was this house called upon to do ? They wore asked to hold a grand inquest upou panTon to “Srfwo I h a dVv'e7before been witnessed in this faund dead on theJy^eTwas of Md. observed, that if The^''*^ c | , | ,, l > ^^ , |® c ^r’ 00 ^tJ(| : ro , ilerto Tumuli ward of Currituck Inlet. Brady tl,„ northward « . nllle treatment from ler 18 were easily [ the inhabitant*. T." *' v a „d’john Baron "foumf and buried in th. ^ that circumstances « ould permit. were manner hie, and to the manifest i«rej* W^SrS*Srt # oft.^n,.|.' diminished in-Widu-.-jd th.t^ ment stand as cverv other part of it without complaint, and without a part, should, he was in favor of tl is resolu-lcle cf testimony to sustain it tion, ami opposed to the amendment pur posed to it, which, he trusted, on this view of the subject* the gentleman from Tenuessce would consent to withdraw. Mr. R. concluded by expressing his hope that he bad not, by the slightest shade of insinuation, intimated his opinion on the merits of the parties concerned in this inquiry—for, he said, be had made up no opinion upoj it, and felt himself qualified to act in the capacity of a juror between them. The subject having been stirred, said he, we cannot in de- this resolution should pass, (and he hop ed it would not, in any shape whatever,) it would introduce a discussion in wbicl a vast deal of time would be unnecessa-. f nrt h rily consumed, and perhaps enable other Executive government, to say «'O t ^e ^ cot J o fo ’ oivera t# put our government in the J the other considerations which 1 hav e [ n = Uteo Mr. Floyd would trouble the housp with but few remarks on the subject.— He had made up no conclusive opinoin on the conduct which had been reported to have taken place in Florida. He wa« in favour, however, of the call for infer motion. It had been said that the sub ject was about to be discussed in the Sen ate on the question of confirming the of ficial api^itment of one of the parties Bot had we arrived at the time when i was not our doty to inquire into the con duct of our agents ? Shall investigatioi let the truth change, but principles never. The tim# whs when government was known by ilfl^ acts, and when the representatives ol the people did not fear to call for nny information that concerned either tho interest or tho honor of their constitu ents. But has it come to this, that «• can take no step without an intimation that we are permitted to do so ? He hoped not ; nnd lie wished it might be made manifest by Ihe investigation pro posed, that our government has not been in the wrong. That it might lead, to it discussion, was not an argument, in his mind, against the resolution. II it should take till the middle of May to discuss it, yet let il be discussed—for when we cannot Jisciisf, said Mr. F. 1 shall he wil ling lo go—to Spain ! Mr. Whitman. The gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Cannon.) has told us that this is n proper case tor the Execu tive. But what can the Executive do ? Has he the power to inquire, and try, and di-miss from office ? Can he reral ii Governor ho has appointed, institute an inquiry into his official conduct, and punish him for an offence ? No such Executive poweig could he found—nor was there any such responsibility resting on the Executive as that gentleman had seemed to apprehend. After the ap pointment wus made the respon-i'iilitv ot the Executive was exhausted. The c. u- fleman Inun MarvlainL (Mr. Smith) had inured I si the inquiry might find our -o- v.rnnient in the wrong, for thi* very purpose he had proposed the inquiry—- to discover where the lurking mis' iuef - lies—and to put this government in tho right. If the government or its agents had heen in the wrong, the people ought ^ not to he identified with them, or with a faulty individual. It was in this way only that the character of lhe nation could he retrieved, il it had been tarnish ed, nnd the iirguinent of ,he gentleman was, therefore, in the teeth ot his ob ject. It had been said that an inquest can act only on complaint or personal knowledge. But could this apply to the grand inquest of the na,ion ? Must a for mal complaint he laid before us ? Are the technical rules of legal process to^ fuller inquiry by the representatives of Ihe people ? or are we to shut our eyes against the light unless it is introduced to us through the medium of complaint, and legal evidence ? If the great public protection of our liberty had been trans gressed. (which there was but too muck reason to fear,) it was our bonnden duty to institute an inquiry—and the more c- levated the offender, the more imperious did that duty become. If the Governor of the Florida* had performed so many meritorious actions, k acquired so much glory a* to become the idol oi the nation, so much more did it b. hove the people io be on their guard. It was in tins way that tyranny was most apt to creep in and destroy republican institution*. A popular demagogue, having performed a -plendid achievement, and dazzled th« eyes of the people, is uio«t dangerous, because h ast suspected. But it had been said that Gen. Jntkson was the Supremo Judge of Florida. But does his commis sion say so ? Do the principles of our Constitution authorize this blemlinjs Ju dicial with Executive powers ? Ii is n fundamental doctrine of our government that these departments shall be kepi dis tinct. No implication can justify their union in the same individual—noi can unconstitutional powers be imparted where none arc possessed by the source from which they emanate. The people of Florida are entitled to the principles of our constitution—and this union of executive and judicial powers is too monstrous to he defended, if ibis House is not competent to hold an inquest on this subject, by whom cun it be done ? By the Spnale ? That body has the power to judge upon articles of impeach ment, hut not to originate or conduct them. The inquiry, therefore, was pro per for this House, nnd he hoped that the magnitude of the occasion would in duce them to avail themselves of it. Mr. BaUlwin expressed his regret that gen- rnien had gone into the merits of the case upon a mere incidental motion that had grown out of a call for information. Tv- runny, crime, usurpation, and outrage, had been placed before us as confidently as if they had been proven to exist. If this were justly the case, no information could be want ed—for it would seem to have been already util lined. Mr. B. did not feel that his liber ty was in danger from anything that had taken place—and, so far as he had learned, the case in question somewhat resembled l hose controversies that frequently arise, when a witness or party withholds papers which it. is his duty to produce. This hoasa was not now a grand inquest for the first time—and he (Mr. B.) was filling 'h at all proper information should be laid _ before Congress, although he was not willing it hould be done by a premature implication of personal character. Mr. Wright did not rise to enter met it* of the caspyand would confli marks to the propriety of bringing Jject before the House. Tie youtd ammo, non thi*.evidence to He oliti What was the nbjeet or,consequent"* (leachrnent ? To convict of crjiWf that was confided to the criiqin The power of impeachment Rets b. | eiooy. or „i.h on, of d.lic.c, to fh. | «„ £ h , tnl to til office, and if the (irped ar cause. Men and things may | officu. there h noflp»ig wb*