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tftt. *m:u * 'in is fUnctus officio io regard to t>ii otlve, i* .is u iicli bevoml the power of impeachment ns if he were physically dnnd. C, n we i peach it min for murder ? No — but if he imr committed «n aflimcp that ju«ti- (i /s an impeachment «'id deprivation of of- liee. he may, alter bis eonvielinn, lie further tonir 1 over to the civil courts to answer for the violated laws of his country. How then coul.l Ibis Motor impeach Gov. Jackson ?— Hr. holds on office, lie is not, therefore, a- Ui ne''!e to the impeaching power. We cannot turn him out of office, for ho is out al ready. How, then, stands the case of Judge VYmnenlin ? His appointment is not con firmed hv the Senate, lie. cannot he said to hold iin office under tin* United States. His appointment is subject t* the. will of the l*re- j'Jent. It was therefore indelicate to inter fere with that confirmation. Mr. W. allud ed to the ease of Judge Easton, in which these principles had been settled. Gentle man were therefore travelling out of the re- curd. They were giving a n rdict befurr the evidence was heard. The President of the United States had told us that each of those officers had dune what he believed they thought to be their duty. The case was now with the President, where it ought to rest. The office of Judge Fromentin is in fieri, nr not t.i fieri, as the President pleas es. In our anxiety to gi t ahead of the Pre sident and Senate, we should he careful nut to go out of our sphere, and engage in an in- ikliente interference, from the apprehension of being nut of business. Mr. YV. would on - gage that we should have business enough <’. ,mr bends far six months to come, with out meddling with this controversy. There w.i. .in evidence before the house—nothing that could inculpate the Judge, nr prove that he had acted unworthy an American heart. Mr. VV. knew both the individuals implicated, and entertained a high respect for both. He believed the inquiry unneces sary—that it would lead to no valuable re sult, and hoped thu resolution would not prevail. Mr. Edwards, of N. C’. remarked that this was the first case in which he had known a mere call for information encountered by so warm an opposition. It bad been an usual, if not an uniform practice, from courtesy, to permit such inquiries to he made. They were useful and salutary, and he could per ceive no good reason why this inquiry should be so pertinaciously resisted, lie hoped we had not arrived at the period when informa tion was to be bid from the eyes of the peo ple. It was not now the question whether articles of impeachment should he drawn—it was a simple proposition for inquiry. If gentlemen wished to screen these individu als from imputation, they had selected a most unfortunate method to attain thu ob ject To smother information is not the way to clear the obscurities of character.— That reputation is the brightest which can .best bear the light, Mr. E. did not prete d to know the merits of the case, but lie would vote against tin call fur information that was lint either palpably useless, or flagrantly im proper. He hoped, therefore, the mover would withdraw his motiun, out of charity to his friend. M r. Sawyer could see no reason for sur prise that this resolution had been warmly resisted, especially when the mover came boldly out with an avowal that it was to lay the foundation of an impeachment. Mr. S. believed it was only calculated to excite the, feelings of the House, without being produc tive of any benefit to the public. He did not wish for the revival of the Seminolie con troversy, and thought Gen. Jackson had been persecuted enough already. He there fore moved, that the resolution be indefi nitely postponed. Mr. Archer disclaimed having given Eny opinion upon the merits of the case, and cal led upon the gentleman last up, for an expla nation of his remarks relative to the persecu tion of Gen. Jackson. Mr. Sawyer replied that the remark he had made, was occasioned by the observations of the mover of the resolution (Mr. IVhit- man) that it was to lay the foundation for an impeachment of Geo. Jackson. Mr. Montgomery denied that lie had any wish to persecute gen. Jackson, and believ ed He should vote against a mere motion for censure. If it stopped short of impeach ment, his present sentiments would he op posed to it—but lie wished to know whether the Governor of the Floridas was clothed with judicial powers, and whether the writ *f habeas corpus would not lie in that terri tory. If such were not the case, it proved that there were defects in the system, which it -would be proper to remedy. The motion for an indefinite postpone ment having been then seconded, the ques tion was taken thereon, and lust. Mr. Rankin was opposed to an inquiry which iu its effects could only extend to a censure of one of the parties. Such an ob ject was loo small to engage the time of the house in an elaborate investigation. It ap peared evident that an impeachment against gen. Jackson could not be sustained. A non descript government Intel been organiz ed f‘*r YVest-Florida. It was, to all intents m d purposes, a Spanish government, and depended upon priiiciplas neither suited to, nor adopted in the U. States. The only re suit likely In accrue fioni this inquiry was, a laborious noil protracted investigation, of which tilt only result ;> mild lie, that one might he shewn to he right and the other wrong, without the power of inflicting any pnni-ihment upon either, except, perhaps, an expression nf ceiiMii'r. Mr. Randolph believed that this was not th»‘ first instance in this House, though b< hoped it would be the last, in which a pro po-ution was in greater danger from its f iends than its foes. It illustrated the force ■n! the oUS Spanish proverb, “Save me from friWHia, ami I will giinul against enemies,’ 1 — Mr. it. felt him.-t II hound to say that h could no! assent to all the piinciplcs avowed by I be mover. The President ofthe United States b id call) d our attention to this sub jerl and yet, for one he had been left as much in tile dark at Ihe end of the paragraph as he w as at the commencement. He wish cd lot information on the suhj-ct in some way nr other. It had been aid that the patties were not impeachable because they were not in office, lie was sorry to hear such a construction of the constitution sup- Itnrlet,—that hv resignation of his office an "Tender might stay off an impeachment.— constitution provides that upon ronvic- V“ n Jimpcachme.it, not only a removal hut a I* * r nwi «»uiy u re ",® ce »*y l>'' the consequence, disqualification to hold any office in I Iv. was not rVnuiLii..;^i. ",i i duct tvns looked at with a different rye by the different parties. Before he sit down, he should disclaim the doctrine which had been advanced, that the people of a territo ry had all the rights of American citizens.— Tim fact was otherwise. None oT our terri torial subjects (fur such he must call them) could possess I hose rights. Titty’ were not comtnunicahle to territorial governments.— For himself, lie detested pro-consulates.— They were tin: governments of Bashaws— am! "he had not contributed to form or ex tend them. YTt, though they did not pos sess all the rights of the people of the states, this did not prove, that they had no rights, or that the lights which they undoubtedly had, Bhouldnot lie protected. A proper exami nation would contribute to Ihe healthy ope rations of the government, and ought to be allow) d. Mr. Whitman replied—but his observati ons were not distinctly heard by the report er. He was understood, however, to say, that his object did not contemplate an im peachment, nor even to censure, unless, when the facts should be developed, such measures should evidently become the duty of the house. Ilis propositions were altoge ther hypothetical, and he should reserve, his opinion of thu facts until an investigajiou had disclosed their tendency and character. The question was then put on Mr. Can non’s motion, and negatived. Mr. McTjeun thought, if an inquiry was to he made, it should he broad enough to ena ble the house to avail itself of all the informa tion of which the ease was susceptible. He wished the house to lie put in possession of the sentiments and views of the Executiv in relation to this subject. The conduct of his subordinate, agents was called in questi on. The opinion which the President tertnined had not been disclosed. It might perhaps, if obtained, relieve the house from any further trouble. He therefore moved to add to tiie resolution a further request, that the President of tile U. States would cimi- munieate to the house such parts of the cor respondence of the late Governor of Florida with the Executive as have nut been hereto fore, communicated, and which may bo con sistent with the public interest to disclose, touching the proceedings of the said Gover nor during the. period of his government of Florida. y The amendment was agreed to—when the question on the resolution, as amended, was taken, and earned. MILITARY APPROPRIATIONS. Thursday, January 3 Mr. Smith, of Md. then moved that the House do resolve itself into a com mittee of the whole, to lake into consi deration the hill for making partial ap propriations for the support of the Mili tary Establishment for the year 1822.— [This motion, being not in regular order of business, required an unanimous vote to carry it ] Mr. Cocke, of Tennessee said that he would not agree, for one, to go into com mittee on this subject, unless the gen tleman from Maryland would shew good reasons for dispensing with the regular orders of the day to get at this bill. Per haps it wns not proper for him now to stale his objections ; but it might not be amiss to observe, that so far as he had been conversant in ihe business of this House, it appeared to him that members were scarcely warm in their seats, be fore appropriations of money w ere ask ed for, although at the preceding session all that had been asked for had been granted. He had hoped, lie said, after what had passed about the appropriation bills at the last session, the year would have been permitted to roll round before another application was made for appro priations. The course heretofore pur sued on this subject, he said, had been such as to put it almost out of the power of the members of either hause to as certain what was the extent to which ap propriations had heretofore been made, or to which they were now necessary. He could not, therefore, yield his con sent to take up this bill out of its order, unless be was satisfied that the iuterest ol the government required it. He pre umed, he said, that this bill was not brought forward to make up any defici ency in the appropriations of Inst year, or, in other words, to provide for any excess of expenditures. The bill, he said, proposed to appropriate money for three objects, one of which was for the service of the Quarter master’s Depart ment. Look, said he, at the appropria tions for tlip last year— Mr. Speaker here called the attention of Mr. Cocke to the rule which prohi bits debate on a question of priority of business. That being the rule, Mr. C. said he would suspend his remarks. Mr. Speaker. Does the Chair under stand the gentleman as objecting to going into committee of the whole as propos ed ? Mr. Cocke. Most positively, sir. So the necessary unanimous consent not being given, Mr. Smith got at his ob ject another way, by moving to postpone all the orders of the day which precede that to which .lie had referred ; which motion was agreed to, 08 to 44 ; and The House accordingly resolved itself into a committee of the whole ou the subject, Mr. Baldwin io the chair. Mr. Smith, of Maryland, handed to the chair two letters from the Secretary of YVar to the committee of YVays it Means ; which were read. [The letters,dated Deo. (7 and 22, which Mr. S. bauded in, state that the appropria tions tor tlie Quarter-master General’s De partment, and I lie. Indian Department, are exhausted, and that the appropriations for the pay and subsistence of officers of the ar my will be so at the close of the year; and that a partial appropriation, for 1822, of St 50,000 fur the Quartermaster’s Depart ment. $100,000 for the Indian Department, and of $300,000 for the pay of the Army, is future. I necessary. There is also a deficit in the hedWr..^’^!? l> y jappropriation fur Revolutionary Pensions, U * >°" M -'t be lor HUH, of 5451,860, and that sum is no- Monthlrrtn t r,t -buweier transcendent,| vessary to complete the pavmeni* t., n..„. Yin* the w° »". llh l,lK question, Man- j sinners for the year 1821.1 tatrd frJL 1 £L°' ,h '‘C-pM. was pre,tipi - - J . ™a aw «i; a., i • ly to complete the payments to pen is lor the year 1821.] - ^ Mr. S. remarked, that the appropria- aotshi H V '"; 1,1 ot,r government ,K ‘ n ^ lhe 'uH J’eaT had reference stl ktiv,« t, fl0n:, inquiry—and it is V" > to the expenditures of that year.— l >*t •vWaXwT.V on *;f a,ed ’".'»**«* eon-1 "*"* not prospective in id operation, hi* . 1 e ’. that taunt'd* the, ^ e had now entered tinon n ^ *SSio^"b d r H J'’* n °" e " tered • new year, cc,aJ cen ‘i^r the necessary cUebutseiaeiitu oftvhichl tureB of ^ie War Department, and each no provision lind been made. Unless, therefore, an anticipation was provided for, to cover the expenditures that should accrue before they could be met by the annual general appropriation lull, usual ly passed towards the close of the ses sion, the wheels of government musl stop their motion. The first appropria tion regarded the quarter-master’s de partment. In this instance it was indis pensably necessary to look forward.— Expenses were weekly and daily accru ing, which most be paid, or the opera tions of that department must cease.— Nor could this be attended with injury ; for the amount that should be now appro priated would be deducted from the sutn total of the estimate to lie presented, when the general appropriation Lill should he brought forward, embracing the total amount of expenditure in that dcpaitment for that year. Of the same character was the item in relation to the pay of the army and subsistence of the officers. There had been an effort to limit and control the disbursements in this particular, but the means resorted to had failed of complete success. But this also would be subject to examination, and deduction from the total estimate when the general appropriation bill shall be finally acted on. Air. S. presented to tho consideration of the House a statement of the various expenditures that had occurred in relation to the Indi an Department, shewing the disburse ments that had been made from the year 1014 to the year 1821, in which the mi nimum expenditure was [5200,000. A greater sum for the current year was not contemplated by the Secretary. It was necessary, however, as well for the pur poses of wholesome economy, as the pre servation of national faith, that there should be no chasm or stoppage in the fulfilment of our contracts, or such dis bursements as tvere authorized or direct ed by our laws. The Indian Agents re sided at a great distance from this go vernment, and a continuity of supplies was essential to the harmony of the par ties and the good faith of the country.— It would also be recollected that this item also would be taken into the account when the general appropriation should be under consideration. With respect to the amount intended to be appropriat ed for the revolutionary pensioners, he would observe that the Secretary of YY'ar had expected to be enabled to pay their claims from the surplus moneys of the preceding year. But it now appears that there is a deficit of 461,000 dollars, that should have been granted to meet the necessary disbursements. The con sequence has therefore followed, that, from the 3J of Sept, they have been re fused payment. The general appropria tion bill cannot be expected to be passed in time to meet their just expectations in all the various sections of this coun try, on the next semi-annual day of pay ment, viz ; on the 3d of March next.— Unless this anticipation, therefore, is made, they will be compelled to subsist for the next half-year also on private or public charity. The winter had now set in, and he could not but hope that the war-worn soldier would be enabled to sustain the winter’s cold by the warm and cheering influence of bis country’s gratitude. As it was not in his power to foresee any reasonable objection to the appropriations asked for, he hoped the committee would fiud no difficulty in giving them their cordial support. Mr. Tracy thought that when bills pas sed the house, their titles should corres pond with the object they profess to have in view. The correct title of this bill, as he understood it, should have been “ a bill to supply the deficiencies of ap propriations for 182!.” This bill pre sented by the committee of YVays anil Means was reported some days ago—be fore the year 1822 had commenced. It was evidently of a retrospective charac ter. He would be glad to be informed how much had been previously granted, & how it had been expended, in relation to the Indian Department, g 100,000 was called for to meet “ current expenses.” But of this sum we are informed, that $ 70,000 have been already expended, or are now due, owing to the deficient .appropriation of the last year. Mr. T. then adverted to the statement made by the Chairman of the Committee of YVays and Means, and endeavored to shew that the amount now asked for in this item related to a previous expenditure and not to a prospective disbursement. His particular objection to this part of the bill was, that it did not carry upon its face its true name and character. He had, however, a general objection to ap propriations of this sort, which extend ed not only to the Indian Department, but to the military service, that the dis bursements were not sufficiently limited and distinrt. The appropriations for different years should be clearly mark ed. They should not run into each o- llier. If they were permitted to be come thus intermixed and confused, it was impossible to limit, define, or re strain the public expenditure. Air. T. contended, in respect to the deficit pro posed to be supplied for the revolutiona ry pensioners, that the passage of the bill would uot conduce to their relief or comfort, as no payment would be made to them prior to the 3d of March. He thought the information given was not sufficiently explicit and there was reason to apprehend that a loan would be cal led for before the session should have expired. Should such a result be likely to ensue, it was desirable to know the worst of it at an early period of the ses sion. Mr. Floyd remarked, that, for several years past, we have heard it said over and over again, that a greater economy was j about being introduced into the expendi- yenr was to produce some improvement in that respect, the last being the most economical. Now, Air. F. said, if I lie YY’ar Department had been managed for the past year with more economy than it had been previously, he appealed to the judgment of every member of the (louse, whether its affairs could have been rightly administered heretofore, seeing that .even in this year of economy, the expenditures had exceeded tho ap- propi ialions. Every year, the House was presented with such a bill as this, for making partial appropriations ; and e- very year the annual appropriation bill was put off to the latest hour. Last year, it was almost 12 o’clock ou the last night of the session, if not past, before it final ly passed. Mr. F. adverted to the ap propriation proposed for the Indian De partment for which he intimated, that be hud no great partiality. Last year, it appeared that upwards of 300,000 dol lars had been appropriated for this De partment, and now another hundred thousand was asked for. He wished to know how this deficiency arose, when the objects of expenditure were specific and designated by Congress. Unless some good reason was given why the biil should immediately pass, he was opposed to acting at least on this item of it, for the present. Iu proper time, he be lieved he should be able to shew that great part of the exnmces of this brunch of the service might be wholly saved to the United States. Mr. Smith, of .Maryland, in replv, ob served that a great part of the infortna tion asked for by the gentleman from New-York, (Mr. Tracy,) would be more propet ly inquired into, when the general appropriation bill should bo under dis cussion. That gentleman had inquired whether the advances now asked for were included in the general estimate of expenses for the current year. Air. S, said, he did not know that the estimate had been completely made out—at any rate it was not before the House. He could only state his opinion that they were, and this for the alone reason that such had been the usual course of pro ceeding. It was sufficient for him to say. that these sums had been asked by the Secretary at YVar, for the purposes to which they relate. The goner,d ob jection to appropriations has hitherto been, that they have been too late—that they had been introduced at a period when it was difficult to convass and act upon them advisedly. The objection, now, is that it is brought forward too ear ly. To the objection, that the title of the biil did not disclose its true ohject, and that, instead of being intended for the purpose of meeting the expenditures of the present year, its object was to sup ply the deficit of the last, Mr. S. would only reply on this point, that the Codi tnittee of YVays aud Aleans had taken for granted all that the Secretary at War had officially communicated to that com mittee as true ; and that his letters do not ask for an appropriation to cover a previous deficit, but to meet future disbursements. In reply to the gen tleman from Va. (Mr. Floyd,) he would remark that the gentleman was mistaken in supposing that the appropriation ask ed for in relation to the Indian Depart ment had respect to the Indian trade— that was a matter by itself, and was,a sub ject for separate and specific appropria tion. This, which was now asked for, had referrencc to the provisions necessa ry for the fulfilment of trade with the Indians—to rations, articles to be sup plied under existing laws, as ploughs, har rows, and other implements of husband ry. It was not a definite expenditure, nor subject to definite limitation. The Secretary of War had endeavored to de fine it, but had hitherto found it imprac ticable. He had asked one hundred and seventy thousand dollars the last year for the purpose, and only one hundred thousand was granted ; and hence, it was not extraordinary if a deficit should he found. rise, report progress, and ask leave, to sil a• coaled rnysi’f in a place where there w ; ,s tunrl) fn Hi rot around me- so soon wns quiet, (U3 il seems to he, particularly cesxury to he still some time, before i|„.y move about) I observed $n one pud, two gam. A few explanatory remarks were made by Ale ini's. Smith and Buchanan, which, upon the, motion before. Ihe house, were intimated to be out of order. YV lien the question up on rising and reporting was put and mg alin ed. Mr. Iloss had expected that, w hen this bill was taken up, it would be examined and dis cussed by sections, and (lie blanks tilled in rotation. But the general merits of the bill had been gone into. He did not rise to ex press any doubts or objections to the gene ral features of the bill. In respect to the ap propriations for the Quarter-muster’s De partment, and the pay of the officers aud subsistenre of the army, he was disposed to yield to the reasons that had been already advanced in favor of their adoption. In res pect, however, to the Indian Department, he thought it his duty to observe, that the. house was not sufficiently acquainted either with the extent or manner of its disburse ments. So far as it related to the item ofra- tions, lie thought it would he found that ve ry unwarranted expenditures had been made. The difficulty was, that the amounts were made up in gross, and not in detail—and, if sirict inquiry should ho made, it would be found that, whenever an Indian treaty of a- ny importance was to be made, all the inha bitants nf the country round about flocked to the place, and rations were indiscriminate ly bestowed, as well upon the whites as up on our red brethren nf the forest. Tables were spread at which four hundred of our people would partake at once—and this too, under the guise of conciliating the friendship of the Indians. What physical nr moral connection there was between a dinner by the whites upon the bounty of the Treasu ry, and the conciliation of Indian friendship, it might be difficult to comprehend, but this he could s iy, that it resulted in a very seri ous addition to tile expenditures of the, Indi an Department. Great complaint had been made, and lie was inclined to believe that these, rations were, riioro expensive to the go vernment than the item of ploughs aud liar- rows. Nor was this the only complaint that had been made. It had been said that tin- drafts for these hospitalities were made up on the Treasury in available funds—that the agents pocketed the premium or difference between the standard, medium of Philadel phia and the depreciated currency of tin- west, and that the public suffered no incon sidcrahle lo^s Rt both ends of Ihe expendi ture. At all events he thought it a matter deserving of examination, for it was very apparent that it was a department suscepti ble of great abuse. Mr. Smith concurred fully in the sentim ents generally advanced by the gentleman who had just sat down. It would not be lost sight of, however, that the appropiaiiou asked for was not to cover a deficit, but to meet impending demands. Mr. S. referred to tile Idler of the Secretary of YVar on the table, and remarked that whatever deficit had ocurred, or from whatever cause it might have arisen, was not now a proper object of enquiry. It would become u suitablo topic of discussion when the general appropria tion hill should pass in review. Air. S. then adverted to a misapprehension of his re marks which the gentleman from Tennes see, (Mr. Cocke) had made in relation to the Paymaster’s Department, and contended that, so far as related to the subject of re volutionary pensions, he was fully borne nut by the letter from the Secretary of War. If he could foresee any possible injury that could accrue from the passage of the hill lie would not insist upon it—hut believing as he did that both the interest and the credit of the country required its adoption, hv hop ed it would be passed without needless de lay. Mr. Floyd, submitted a few remarks in re ply, which were not distinctly heard—when the. question was taken on filling the blank, in relation to the Quarter Master’s depart ment, with the sum of 150,090 dollars, and carried.—[Debate Io be continued.) t red their pro- d litem, arid Were fii the port. Assouti •Hi\VU \ \/VY IVA Vi. Mr. Tracy would not, by any ir^ans, he understood to imply the remotest doubt of the veracity-of the Secretary of War. He had not distinctly heard the communication from that Department when it was read from the table—but he had supposed, from the whole tenor of the application, that it was calculated rather to supply deficiencies of the past than to provide for the contingen cies of the future. And if any thing were wanting to lead him to such a conclusion, it was fully supplied by the remark of the Chairman of the committee of YVays and Means, who observed, before he sat down, that $ 100,000 were appropriated by the last Congress to supply a contingency that required i? 170,000, and that hence a deficit of $ 70,000 was necessarily created. Mr, T. wished for all the information on the suh- jeet which it seemed to he in the power of the Chairman of that Committee to impart. He was apprehensive, from the light that had been shed upon the subject, that a deficit would he found of a million and a half, and that the appropriations for the current year of the YVar Department would not fall short of six millions. It did not appear that re trenchments could be made, and he was de sirous that no information should be with held, and that, if a loan should become ne cessary, it might be immediately made known. Mr. Cocke made some remarks on vvhat had fallen from the Chairman of the Com mittee of YVays and Means in respect to the proposed appropriations for the Quarter Master General’s Department and the Revo lutionary Pensioners—and expressed his o- piuion that there must he some mistake a- bout both these items. With regard to the proposed appropriation for the Indian Trade, he asked whether any gentleman it) the House was sufficiently acquainted with the details ot this subject, to say, from his own knowledge, whether the money asked for ought to be appropriated. Committees on the subject of Indian Trade and Affairs hud indeed been appointed, but they had not re ported—aud lie thought it premature to be appropriating the public money until the house had satisfactory information that it was necessary to appro.k iate it. With this view, Mr. C. moved that the committee now FKOM TIIE CriAKLESTON COURIER CLERMONT AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The following extracts, are taken from a communication made hy Dr. Bracey to the Hon. W. D. James, Chairman of the committee on Hot ia Cotton. [ tVinyaw Intelligencer. “On a spot of luxuriant cotton, which I had observed to rot rather worse than th« rest of tho field, 1 was induced to try various experiments, such as taking away tile bed, twisting the branches, wounding the stalkl breaking the limbs, &te. I found when vege tation was by any mpans interrupted, the rot was uniformly checked, and the wounded pod either healed up, or spread no farther. I had marked several pods, by binding a thread around them, to observe minutely,the changes, in the various stages of rot, as well as the effects, of lessening the circulation of the juices. Tiie rot becomes manifest first, by a spot of deeper green, about one twelfth of an inch in diameter which ultimately mor tifies, and destroys tho whole, or a gfeat part of the pod; I found tho rot to vary in its destructive tendency, depending on the state of luxuriance, its situation, and the neather, as in wet weather the plant was tender, and abounded with redundant juices,consequent ly mure easily punctured, and more disposed to mortification. In dry weather the exte rior of the pod is tough, and very little ofthe fluid of the plant in circulation. These cir cumstances combined, evince the great dif ference, which may have been remarked by every planter, in the progress, and cessation so often manifested, during the season of rot. In attentively watching the changes, which r» “lilted from my experiments, in the modes ol interruption of vegetation, tiie least likelv to injure the plant, and at the same time ar rest the progress of rot, I observed on onp of tiie. marked pods, a small insect, busily en gaged in puncturing it, in which it succeeded: it remained with its proboscis in the pod a- hout two minutes, apparently, extracting the juices, increasing during that time greatly in size, from the quantity of fluid taken in, I suppose, as nourishment—it then withdrew its proboscis, laying it up along the breast, k. quickly hiding itself, among the leaves ofthe plant. As I had long discarded the belief that the rot waB owing to an insect, and so different Was this from the insect said here tofore to depredate the fields in the night, I was about to turn my attention to some thing else, and think no more of it—when shortly after I saw another, emerge from its hiding place, on an adjoining plant, and with great readiness, reached a pod, which it soon penetrated, and remained neurly the same length of time the first did, and retired iu a similar manner. My attention was now a- wakened, and I began diligently to search for them—success soon gave me an opportunity of properly identifying them by close exa mination. I left this spot, and went to a part of the field, where no impression had these insects, lioili boseis’h, fare 1 diji extracting the iui(d _ , „„ uu .is they retired, I tied a thread mound the pod, mid examined it attentively, hut observ ed no change as yet—1 soon had another & a third opportunity of marking pods, which I saw the insect puncture. About two hours after, I visited those pods again, and observ ed the perforations had changed to a deep green, exactly on the part ofthe pod, I hail seen the insect before. The day after I vi sited them again, and discovered two of tlm lour, had turned dark and beginning to en large, the others seemed less, and healing.—. I suppose I hail by this time seen about IT# insects in all. I caught two or three, carried them home, and the day after, having kept them about fifteen hours without food, I placed them under a tumbler, with u fresh pod of cotton, and it was indeed remarkable* to see. the quickness they manifested in pierc ing it. No injurious or destructive cliaugv* takes place in punctured pods, which havu been detached from the plant, or where ve getation is oven properly cheeked. In mr acceding visits to the pods marked in Ilia ful.l, most of them rotted exactly, as I hail observed the rot to progress before 1 knew any tiling ofthe insects—some of them heal ed tip, as 1 have remarked many to do, which I did nut see punctured, both buford anfl since thediscovery of the insects. I therefore discard the erroneous doctrine of the dise.asw existing in the plant itself, finding that I had mistaken efleet for cause, and had been here tofore, obliged to reconcile diseased plants looking vigorous, producing healthy pods, and sound cotton, and many other contradic tory circumstances, which have all become consistent and natural, so soon as the insects were discovered. It is a well known fact, that every plant lias some insect, which feeds, almost exclu sively on it. Cotton affords many insects nourishment us the cut worm, various cater pillars, and two branches of the family of tho Hemnptera tribe, class Ciincx, one kind large,, resembling the Blond Sucker, and nearly an largo as ihe Artichoke Bug, of these them arc very few in number, but their puncture, which is generally about the foot stalk, is very desti ictive. Tiie other is very small and numerous, and would scarcely attract notice from its harmless appearance, but in truth is the great and formidable enemy, in the destruction of onr cotton crops. This small insret makes a puncture in a pod of' cotton, which resembles exactly the punc ture made with a small needle, yet the punc ture made with a needle never deranges the contents of the pod, because it takes out nothing—hut a plethoric state ofthe plant,, which is a predisposing and not a primary cause, (as is alledged hy some,) becomes in strumental in its destructive tendency, only when a portion of the fluid of the pod lum been taken out, though ever so small in quantity. This fact 1 proved, among many other experiments, in the following manner » I constructed an instrument, with an ex tremely small and delicate end, which I in troduced with a puncture first made with a needle) and drew out, by the action of a pis ton, a small portion ofthe fluid of the pod ? rot uniformly followed every Instance in which I used this instrument on a plant, in a state of repletion—yet it never occurred from a puncture made with a needle alone. Therefore it seems that the nutriment ex tracted by the insect, deranges the circulati on of tiie fluid in the pod, and mortification ensues, hy such an abundant supply from the plant, restoring the loss, that the powers of the pod are unable to assimilate it. Ilathcr more than half the punctured pods. rot in vret weather, or on moist situations but in dry weather, whan the plant does not abound in juices, not mors than one in twen ty is destroyed, the rest sustaining very lit tle injury. This insect seems to extract nou rishment from no other substance, as I have kept them until they were nearly starred, and could never get them to punctureanv o - ther substance than pods of cotton, though they were repeatedly offered many kinds of fruit and vegetables. It may, perhaps,be asked, why the greet* seed cotton should rot, and the black seed, when fresh from the islands, be exempt from it ? I can only recommend to such ns find a difficulty on that head, to taste a pod of each, and the evidence will be such as re- quires no great power.’ of cpicurianism, ei ther in man or insect 9 to select the sweet a» greoable taste of the one, from the disagree able bitter of the other. Naturalists assert, that immense number* of various insects perish every year, in the midst ol vegetation, merely because they itro unable to find the exact food to suit their taste. Il is on this ground that Louisiana has been freed from the rot. As soon as the planters ceased getting supplies ofgi eeo seed from abroad, and their own stuck of seed become changed to black seed, as it soon does, hy successive planting, and the influ ence of climate and soil, the insects perished tur want of their proper food, consequent!* the rot ceased. The eggs of the insect are deposited on different parts of the plant in October; we bed in the undecayud leaves, and parts of tho stalk, in spring; consequently, we literally plant the insect in the egg state, which be comes a worm, by the influence ofthe sum mer’s sun, which worms, in due lime be comes this insect, having its proper food within its reach. These changes take placo in the latter part of July and beginning of August. At first they are very small and green, and would at this time attract no no tice, on account of its harmless appearance; They are at this age to he seen in very great numbers, and, notwithstanding their appar ent insignificance, we begin to see punctures and rot.. Soon they change to a inickdust color, being, at this age, much less than the Lady Bug, of an oval form, flat, without wings, six legs, runs very fast, with a pnir of horns or feelers, and carries its proboscis* drawn close under, along the chest ; they re main but a few days in this state before the body lengthens, and they acquire wings ;j having attained, when fully matured, the size and something of the appearance of tile fire fly, possessing great activity and vigilance, they fly oft’ut the approach of any thing, and arc not now to he seen in such numbers, but are rather difficult to find Ht this age. 'They feed very often in the course nf the day, which accounts for the great destruction of cotton from this heretofore invisible enemy. They emigrate eastwardly, at the rate of from ton to twenty miles annually, and ap pear in that respect alone analogous to tin* hessian fly. I cannot omit this opportunity nf suggest ing a low hints dri the important point of prevention, and remedies. I have often heard that Ihe burning of brimstonuin cotton fields lias entirely stopped, and prevented further ' I .jr onjjijil rllHI I f| »* V r 1 1 1 I 1 (J I (11* V (14* i* been made gn vegetation, and quietly eon- 1 louses from rut. As ye.t I have had no expe-