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,tv>f *nm* are; nn.» tl.ry apr.w.r to l>c e q „„ll, ol ••'tjnirmg Iml'it* of inHuntry. At some ot ttie e*lal.ili»li- In , „ii « <oomiIithI.Io )>oiiiciii ot tin- ur«> rai*uit l»v tlie labour ol the tchnlnr* awl teachers. With these indirirtions it tvoohl scctn that there is little hazard in ptonouuc- ins, that, with jirojier nml vigorous ef forts, they may receive an education e- qual to that of the. laboring portion of our community. Still, however, the in teresting impiiry remains to be solved, whether such an education would lead them to that state of morality, civiliza tion and happiness, to which it is the de sire of the government to bring them, or whether there is not something in their situation, which presents insuperable obstacles to surh astute ! lo answer this inquiry, wc have but little experi ence. There is certainly much encou ragement to hope for tho best, Irom the fart that the Cherokee nation, which has made the greatest progress in educa tion, has also made the greatest tow ards this desirable state, but the expe rience which it affords i- yet imperfect They have adopted written provisions fur tin ir government, toocopy ol which, with an extract of a letter from the Rev Jtlr. Steiner, a respectable Moravian wl o has visited the nation at the inter val of twenty years, and slates the. pro gr< «s tv Inch they have made in that time, m.d which accompany this report, mat k ed It. 1. would respectfully refer the House, as furnishing the best testimony of the actual progress w hich that nation has made towards civilization. ’The 7,eal of the Cherokees for improvement and the progress which they have made are further evinced from the liberal pro visions for a school lund, for w hich the la-t treaty with them, ratified on the 10th of March, 1019, stipulates, and the fact that there are now established in the na tion six schools, (two of which arc upon the Lancasterian system) containing ii the aggregate about 230scholars. Not withstanding these favorable appearan ers, many obstacles, difficult to tie sur mounted, will impede the progress the Indians to a state of complete civili zation. Y\ itlmut adverting to others, the poli final relation which they hear tons, is ol itself of sufficient magnitude, il not re moved, to prevent so desirable a state from being attained. We have always treated them as an independent peopl and however insignificant a tribe may become, and however surrounded by dense w hite population, so long as there are any remains, it continues, indepen dent of our laws and authority. T tribes thus surrounded, nothing can be conceived inure opposed to their happi no-s and civilization than this state of nominal independence. It has not one of the advantages of real independence while it has nearly all the disadvantage of a slate of complete subjugation. The consequence is inevitable. 1 bey lose the lofty spirit and heroic courage oflhe savage stale, without acquiring the vir tues which belong to the civ ilized. De pressed in (spirits and debauched in m riffs, they dwindle a ' ay through a wretch off existence, a nuisance to the sur rounding country. Unless some system can be devised gradually to change thi relation, and with the progress ofeduca tiun extend over them our laws and an thority.it is feared that all efforts to ci vilize them, whatever flattering appear nm.es they may fora time exhibit, inns ultimately fail. Tribe after tribe will gink., with the progress of our settle incuts and the pressure of our popula lion, into wretchedness and oblivion.— Such has been their past history, and Such, without this change of political re Irttion, it must probably continue to lie To effect it, many difficulties present themselves. It will require the co-ojie ration of the General Government and the States, within which the Indians may reside. Willi a zealous and enlightened co-operation, it is, however, believed that all difficulties may tie surmounted and this w retched but in many respect noble race, be ultimately brought within (lie pale of civilization. Preparatory to so radical a change in our relations to wards them, the system of education, which lias been adopted ought to be put into extensive, and active operation — This is the foundation of all other im provements. It onsilit gradually to he followed with a plain and simple system of laws and government, such as hag been adopted by the Cherokees, a proper Compression of their settlements, and a division of landed property. I>v intro ducing gradually and judiciously these improvements, they wili ultimately at tain such a state of intelligence, industry and civilization, as to prepare the way ■for a complete extension of our laws and authority over them. Before I conclude, I would respect fully refer the House iff Bepre«enta lives for more full and ffc'ailed informa tion, in i 1 ition to tho progress made In the Indians in civilization, to the report of the Rev. Dr. Morse, which was laid before the l!(fn*o in pursuance of a re goluli m of tin: 22J January last. All which is respectfully submitted. J. C. CALHOUN To the President of the United Slates. M1W WORK. A work has just appealed at Washing ton. from the pen of “John Taylor, ot Caroline Virginia.” entitled “ Tyranny Unmisko —or the internal and oslor- r 11 p.ffirv of the United States, in rola tior to i>'.'rieiilt>iro, commerce and inanu furtnre-, anil the tendency of the present Confederated powers of tho United Stales ♦<*u ir.ls a consolidated povornment. Fricci in boards, 1 50; bound $ I 75. IVeckhj Rag. WnUrUisN. LATEST FROM I ItANCP.. A Poslei ipl to tlm Philadelphia Gazette nirutinns the in rival of 1 lie slop Marius, eapt, Williams from Marseilles. She brings Pa ns n.qiers to the Util ol February—trunslati from whis Ii are promised lur tho next Capt. Williams states that nothing now evaileil In piaiiie. The pie-pert ot a ar w ith Russia and Turkey had nearly disappeared. Nf.w-York, March 22. By the Liverpool Packet, arrived here this forenoon, in iff days I rout Havre, we. have received our tiles ot Paris pa is of the 2d Feb. inclusive, which are idled with debates, accounts of tho king’s health—going to mass, tec. as usual.— They contain extracts from London pa pers ol'lho 29th January, but afford no thing new. SPAIN. Madrid, 2l«t January. An extraordinary courier armeff Irani ville on the PJth, which place he left on the 10th ; he announces that that ci ty was much agitated on the evening ol the loth. The disturbance appears to have been occasioned by the refusal ot the commandant to communicate to the people, who had assembled tumultuously before his quarters on the arrival of a go vernment courier, the contents oflns dei- ■atclies. Upon this refusal, the report was preudtli.it the commandant had ordered the troops to tire on the people, w here upon the municipal council Millie military commissaries summoned the new com mandant to resign his authority into the hands of Gonzales Bnrcena, who next lav issued a proclamation thanking the soldiers for having supported the de mands of the people. 1 lie 15th Feb. was the day taxed for the meeting of the ordinary Cortes. The session ol the ex traordinary Cortes would terminate on 121 ii—The king, it is said, was in sulted by some gross exclamations in his last walk. Paths, January 31. The Nuremburg Correspondent con tradicts the rumor given by an Augsburg Journal, of Russia’s declaration of war against the Porte Laving been received at Munich. LATEST FROM ENGLAND. By the arrival of the fast sailing ship Cad inus,Capt. Whitlock, in 11 days from Liver pool, the Editor of the .Vnhonal JIdvocult lias received London dates of the 27lii, and Liverpool of the 20th January. The Cad inns sailed in company with ship Nestor, on the 4tli February, hut we understand she brought no papers later than the above, the packages having been put on hoard that ship. As the packet is hourly expected, we shall then have intelligence of a later date. Turkey and Russia.—In tho papers be fore us, vvu find little, else than speculation- and conjectures as to the affairs of Turkey Alluding to the ultimatum offered by Russia, the London Times, after observing that they had hitherto been extremely tardy in publishing the prevailing reports on the sub ject, because they considered them insecure or unfounded, goes on to state— 11 We may now, however, safely assert, that a de- lioitivo arrangement lias been offered by Turkey, to which, if her executive govern ment have power to give it effect, Russia ought to accede. Russia complained that Turkey had advanced troops in great force into Wallachia, contrary to the obligation of a private treaty. The Porte consents to withdraw the whole of the troops, leavio the vic tim of revolution, M»d iHicr mon arch were in reality it tree anil indepen dent Sovereign, such n proceeding w mild excite political speculation ol no ordina ry interest ; and it would lend also to e- vents of no ordinary importance. I lie recognition of Chilian independence, however, is the act mcicly ol the Lot tes, n deliberative body cruiiled by the revolution, and consequently not iinl.i- vorahly disposed towards successful re volution in other quarters. 1 lie state of .Spain too, is such that she cannot ut ter even an angry word at this breach of amity, still less intlict punishment. “ It lias been recommended by one ol our contemporaries, that wc should fol low this enlightened policy, that is, we should violate every principle of nation al good faith, for the paltry considera tion of contingent commercial benefit.— The relations ol peace and amity still subsist between this country and Spain, and while they subsist, we should not he justified in establishing similar rela tions with a portion of her revolted sub jects. 'True it is, that Spain has irreco verably lost her transatlantic colonies, but till she formally renounces her pro tensions, by a solemn recognition of their independence, they can only lie regard ed ns in a state of successful rebellion; therefore by acknowledging the rebels ,i« the organs of a legitimate government would be an act of open hostility towards the parent state. The policy which England has hitherto pursued, has been truly enlightened, and her own best in terests, those of justice and honor, are intimately blended with her persever ance in that policy. She lias remained neutral during the struggle. Let her continue so. The period is not far dis tant when nil the advantages that could have been derived from an opposite course will he within our reach, and may he enjoyed without the reproach ol pel tidy. It would ill become the proud character of a country like Great Britain, which has shewn on every occasion the purity of her motives, to imitate the sin ister intrigues of juggling cabinet* ; and still less, the faithless diplomacy of revo lutionists, whose practice is, on all oc casions, whatever tlipir precepts may he, to make the end justify the means. Nations, like individuals, never violate honesty with impunity ; and the patriots of Portugal may vet he taught, in the Bi tizil*. that it is a dangerous experiment to assist revolted colonies in establishing their independence of the mother coun try.” to fill these offucu.—Tim Washington fit Gazelle names, among the gentlemen "pi keu of, Messrs. John Brown, Poinsett of Charleston, and Saudi’ id, (late Senatoi friuii New-York.) Mr. Clay has also kern mentioned.—Compiler. NAVAL AFFAIRS. Rumor has been very ba-y lor several weeks on the subject uf the naval con reins in Boston. The following state ment is believed to lie correct : Capt. Shaw mid limit. Abbott of the Navy, advanced charges of misconduct against Mr. Binney, the navy agent at Boston, which implicated capt. Hull— Tlieso charges have been inveMigated by capt. Porter, sent on for the purpose by government, & Geo. Blake, esq. district attorney, mid found wholly groundless— in consequence of which eapt. Shaw and bout. Abbott have been put under arrest for trial. A court martial lias been de tailed, to commence its session on the 20tli inst. in Boston, which will consist ol the following members: Cnpt«. Tin- g< y Morris, Macdonough, Warrington, Spence, Downes, mid Creighton. Nu merous witnesses are summoned lo at tend the tii.il —Providence Patriot. Mr. Lefciivuc Dr.s xor.TTrs, is at present in Washington—it will he l ecnllei led Hint lie was one of the most distinguished generals under Bonaparte, to w hom lie was aid-ile camp at the battle of Marengo—and stihse qucntly commanded the imperial guard in I tie disastrous campaign against Russia, which was invaded Gy an army of nearly hall a million of men—lie was also engaged in the Held at Waterloo, and il is said, if the ex press injunction of Bonaparte had not been giien, after the loss of that memorable eon diet, it was, on tile retreat ol lhe Flench ar ny towards Paris, in D -snotties’ power, to have closed the events of the “ hundred days,” by the destruction of several column:: of Prussians, amounting to upw ards of twen ty thousand men,—but Bonaparte saw hi- career was at an end, and would not consent to shed needless blond, Desnocttes receiv ed, in his course of service, nine severe wounds, fought 102 pitched battles, besides various inferior actions. He is mild and mi assuming in his deportment, £i has for sunn time past employed his hands in the cultiva tion of the Boil. Il is thought lie has a lie sire to return temporarily to Franrr, if tie permission of that government lie obtained. He is included in Bonaparte’s will, by a legs ey of 100,000 francs.— .Vt’c transit gloria mundi.—It asliington Gaz. aaAfistRg and therefore nmbitious lve 'STinnld it however be Jli.s Win, that we never meet again-- !>«* Hint will done on Earth a* It is in Heaven—Amen. JOHN HANDOLIM I, ol Roanoke. I) i In,aril the d. mu Ini .r .5 a o' il u , under weigh lo ltie Aie.iiy. biiurday M.iioli In, Isgg. P, S. 1 did nut leiivi- 'ii \ seal until the Cite of the. Bankrupt bill (to which my mile was contributed) was ascertained. In rase of need 1 was ready to vote on tho 3d reading. J. R. of R. jinnAksAs Tt.nniTonv. Lkxinoton, Ky. March 4. Ttu.it. o? Att \vt: •.♦can nv t:h- r-ntr;* > A From the .Yatimvil (.'■■-'Hr » Teenoijt of the Tri. I and F Ll>i. belongin ' lo tho American "shit I .eiily, execulefl by the f 'hineso of Can i hi. On Saturday, Gth of Oeioln r, |", t|,„ day appointed for the trial ITen, i- Ti r r.iituva, a seaman on lioanl the s|, 1 ’ini,v ot Baltimore, on a charge of murder on the person of a Chine.uj Woman, wen: as et:.. bled on hoard said ship nearly all Hsu Ain >ri- cans resident at Canton, tile supercargoes of the different ws-i Is then in poll, with thole respective captains, to wit ness tlie trial in' the above named seaman, when the follow ing circumstances occurred. The Pan-yu, or criminal judge of tho di-. trict in which Witmpn.i is situati ri, at ar. Robert Crittenden, Sunrelnry, who in I cnily hour left ( anton, and with an imrnens. London, Jan. 2.7. Dreadful Affray.— We regret to state that advices from Ireland this morning are of a serious character. It appears that some insurgents assembled, on Monday week, in tho mountains between Bantry and Mac room, where they completely intercepted all communication. Lord Bantry, at the bead of a small party of the But h, under the command of Maj. Caribou, attacked them in their position, hut after a desperate eon- lliet, and the exchange of many shuts on both sides, tile former were obliged tore- treat. One of the rebels was killed, and three or four wounded. One of the soldiers also was lelt on the field wounded, and, ac cording to tile accounts in a Cork paper, the ruffians literally cut bis body in pieces, and carried off his head, as a trophy of victory. Intelligence of this event being instantly communicated to the proper authorities, a- nother detachment of military, consisting ol horse and foot, nailer the command of plain Fitzclarence, set out for the plat the province free-lmt on ennditiim that the w l,, r ' the n • .rjre I, t * 1 ,, 1 . , , , , , . ,. w Here Hie insurgents hail posted themse Vi's, Lmperor Alexander a so withdraws Ins or- llrr|va| how,-wo, they found the i-es from their present threatening position , on the Turkish frontiers. Russia complains of the ill-treatment of the Greeks, and the destruction of their churches, for the safety of which Russia, professing a similar faith with the Greeks, stood pledged. Turkey replies, that though these evils have been brought upon the Greeks by their own re bellion, she will still rebuild their churches, and forgive their breach of allegiance.”— We very much doubt tho accuracy of this statement.—.Yut. .hlv. The following article, on the subject of the recognition of the independence of S. America, is taken from the London Courier of the 25th January. That paper is well known to express the sen timents of the ministry on political ques tions ; ami the ground it assumes on this occasion may he considered to he that which the British Cabinet at present maintains. It is, however, carrying an abstract principle of national law to an extravagant extent. While a nation is engaged in hostility with a revolted co lony. it has fair cause of war against any power that recognizes the independence of the insurgents.—But if the mother country be compelled to abandon the conflict, by withdrawing all its forces, md the colonists he left to the undis turbed enjoyment of freedom and inde pendence. without any prospect of be ing disturbed bv the parent government, it is idle for the latter to complain of ti ny nation that may recognize the sove reignty of the colonist*. IfGcorge III had obstinately refused to recognize our independence lo the time of his death, and had abandoned the contest at the time lie did, lie could hardly have found fault with Russia, had she sent us a min- i-ter, when lie w as unable to send us a bayonet.—A". Y. Cor?:. Adv. “ We published yesterday a letler from n Portuguese agent at Buenos Ayres, to the envoy from Chili, at the same place, in which the writer announ ces tint his most Faithful Majesty, the King of Portugal, has determined to re cognize the independence of Chili. It appears also, from this diplomatic epistle, for such we presume it may he consider ed, that a similar recognition will bo e\. tended to all the different Republics of South America, as fast as tlicv attain that point, which hi« most Faithful Majesty conceives to he the te*t of legitimate government, namely, “ obedience to the peop! rebels so numerous, and the position so in accessible, that it was deemed prudent not to advance upon them without a rcinfnrce- nient, and until communication was made to the general of the district. This was ac cordingly done, and sanguine hopes were entertained, when the last advices left, that measures sufficiently prompt and vigorous, would forthwith he employed to allay the ter ror which had been excited, and to secure the punishment of the guilty. According to one account, indeed, six of the insurgents had been apprehended, after a smart en gagement, and lodged in Bantry gaol. Kir John Lambert despatched a strong division of cavalry on Tuesday evening, who were followed on Wednesday, by a further fori: from Tire rucriMo.vn f.nqviiieh. To the I'rccholdcrs of Charlotte, Bucking ham, Prince Edtcard amt Cumberland. My Friends—fur such indeed yw have proved yourselves to he through good and through evil report—I throe myself on your tndtigencc, to which I have never yet appealed in vain. It t? now just live years since the stale of in . health reluctantly compelled me to resist your solicitations (backed by my own wishes) to offer my services to your suffrages. The recurrence of a similar calamity obliges me to retire, for a while, from tho field of duly, and if l shall timl it impracticable to return tn December next, my resignation (nlieady written) will he tendered to the Governor in lint to prevent your being unrepresented in the next session of Congress. It would be offered now, hut that the approach ing close of the session would render a re-election nugatory as to present pur poses. The state of my affairs (as is well known to some of you) requires my pre sence at home—hut self preservation im periously enjoins a suspension of all bu siness whatsoever ; and indeetl, with all my deticiences for the station in which your partiality has been pleased to place me, I have never yet postponed your in terests to my ow n. Should the mild climate of France and the change of air restore tny health, you will again find me a candidate for your independent suffrages at the next elec tion, (1823.) I have an especial desire to be in that Congress which will decide (probably by indirection) tile character of (he Execu tive government of the confederation for the absence of Governor Mil i.r ti, ad ministered the affairs ot" the territory of Arkansas has just arrivpii in (his country, and from a conversation we had w ith him on the subject of the (strength of that country, not the least danger is to lie apprehended from I lie Indians. The Cherokee* mill Usages arc at open w ar, hilt the latter will only tight in prairies or on horse-hack, while the latter pre fer the thickest woods ; so that they are not likely to meet. 'Tho Cherokee* surprised an Osage village in the absence <>f I lie wurtinrs, on a hunting party, and made prisoners of nearly till tho women and children, amounting to about ninety, some of whom weie murdered in the most shocking mariner. The Usages have taken, in horses mul cattle, a much greater amount of property ; but the ad vantage in prisoner* i* st ill in favor of the Cherokees. Governor Miller ordered the latter to he at pence, but it was re fused, on the ground Unit the Cherokee nation was an independent, free people, and at liberty to wage m ar or m Jv peace at pleasure. An American trader resi ding in the Indian country, has been murdered by the Cherokees, and the murderers were not given up by that nation. The government of the United States has furnished complete armour I’ur 200horsemen anil about GOOirifantry, who have been organized and prepar ed ; besides there are about 100 men ot the United States’ ariitv stationed in the «amecountry ; a force sufficient to drivi every Indian from the territory, if ii should he nece*sar\ . The. Cherokee tribes on the west side of the Mnsi-sippi, are a part of die same nath'ii on the Tennessee river, who removed to the Arkansas since the year 1C17. “ Pennsylvania against the IVorld."—Un der this iliullo is ad v ei t iwi-il, in tin* I’uiladil- plffa papirs, A HOG, neighing lSaglhs.a- ffve, and supposed ti> hw the largest ever know n uf tile Hog kind. it least four years—perhaps forever til infantry, lor the protection of this district, i since now, for the first time since the in- Our next arrivals from Ireland will brin,, more authentic details, both as to the origin and termination of this lamentable event. We cannot lay any paper before our rea ders of so much importance as the Report submitted to the House of Representatives by the committee on Foreign Relations— ol which Mr. Jonathan Russell is Chair man. This Report presents in a strong and condensed point of view, both the fact and the law iff the ease both the situation of each of the five great States of South A- iiuuica, and the law of nations which calls upon us to recognize their independence. It is impossible to review the condition of these Slates without the deepest interest. Emerging Born a colonial despotism, which far transcended even the thraldom which for merly hound us to Great Britain—cutting away those ligaments which lied a large continent to a comparatively small portion of Europe—ascending tn that independent and elevated rank for which they were de signed by Nature’s God—and introducing a new set of sovereign powera into the politi cal scheme of the world—these five States, (Buenos Ayres, Chili, Bern, Colombia and Mexico,) at e calculated to strike upon (In attention of mankind, and to call forth all our nivti sympathies in their favour. Tlie Reimhit proposes to appropriate 3100,000 to tlie South Ameriean Mission— It is the constitutional right of the President, of course, to say how many foreign, minis ters shall he dispatched In that country, and the diplomatic rank which they shall.hold Allowing the same grade of ministers to the five Sooth American states, as we send to Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain— they will lie entitled to a salary of gfMOO .1 year, besides the customary outfit of $9000 more— linking Slk.OOO to each minister, and 00,000 to the ivliole number. This is only fortlie first year.—When the outfit has been paid, and the minister continues in of fice, the annual expense of the diplomacy will scarcely exreed 3*0,000 ~ , , r n . , . i ■'«'* * ■. a iu,uu". Speculation ii i Oeitigal were not at this moment J already begins oast ubwat far th» persens stitulion of this governmejit, we have pre sented to the people the nrmy-canilidate for the Presidency in the person of hirn, who judging from present appearance will receive the support of the Bank of the United States also. This is an union of the purse and the sword w ith a ven geance—one, which even the sagacity of P or,l 'd to he scare Patrick Henry never Anticipated, in this " m! shape at least. Let the people look to it ; or they are lost forever. They will fall into that gulf which tinder the artifi cial military and paper systems of Eu rope, divides Dives from Lazarus, anil grows daily and hourly broader, deeper and more appalling. To this state of tilings, we arc rapidly approaching under an administration, the head of which sit an incubus upon the state, while the lieu tenants of this now mayor of the palace are already contending for the succes sion, and their retainers and adherents are with difficulty kept from coining to blows, even on the floor of Congress We are arrived at that pitch of degenera cy when the mere lust of power, tin retention ot place and patronage, cat prevail not only over every considera tion of public duty, but stille the suggos lions of personal honor which even the ministers oflhe decayed governments of Europe have not yet learnt entirely to disregard. Should God spare me. you shall tie informed how it has cotno to pass that, after settling the Florida ques tion at the expense of a vast sacrifice of territory “ south nf 3G and a lialfof North latitude we are yet embroiled with Spain—and, in passing, it may be a* well to recollect that the command of the Red River and the Arkansan’ (the gates of New-Orleans) will have to be contest ed, not with the imbecile and pony go vernment of Spain, bnt with a young Nashville, March 12. TEXAS. Wc learn that sevei a I ei'ierprising gentle men in this town anil vicinity, have recentlj funned an association ti> effect Hp vcliase of kind, with a view to make an American set- lleiiient in Texas. The follow ing hasty re marks respecting this country are extracted f ntn notes furnished the writer of this, by a 3|ianisli offieri' some time shirr. On the sooth side of Red river and to wards Its sourer, there is in the province of Texas, much good land, lying w-ll for farm ing and presenting every appearance of be ing a healthy country. The Sabine (the g'llf between Texas anil the U. S.) is a shallow rapid stream, over flowing its hanks—it is not navigable fur hunts of large size. On it the land is rather indifferent; compared with other pails of tile territory, it is poor. Chiei, and its tributary streams, Anguish and Alngnque rivers, are smaller hut deeper streams than the Sabine. C'hiri is navigaltli fur forty miles (or boats of twenty tons bur then. Trinity river is navigable fur sixty miles for vessels drawing not more than five feet water, ke. eighty miles further for boats of twenty tons burthen. The Bassos is tin longest and largest river in Texas, hut it is interrupted with shallows,and the hanks are low arid the bottoms liable to inundation.— The country on the Brasses is said to lie gp- tierally good. The Colorado (whereS. Au gustin’s settlement is located) affords good navigation. The other streams are nut im portant in a commercial point of view. At the mouths of all those, rivers there are liars upon which are from 3 to 12 feet water; ii- long the coast there is n chain of islands which protect open boats passing from one river to the other against the storms of tho sea. '’or about sixty miles from the sea, the country is generally iilluvial, some of it of the richest kind, well adapted to the growth of coffee, sugar, cotton, indigo, rice, corn, tobacco, Sic. Timber in this district is re- then the country for miles broad, running parallel to the ocean, is rolling ; lime-stone appears in this tract ; the timber oak, hick ory, walnut, hnckberry, elm, maple. The soil io these hounds is of a good quality, in many places very rich. This tract will pro duce cotton, tobacco, grain, and fruit. Back oft his tract, immense bodies nf prairie set in. In these are incredible numbers of buf faloes, elk, deer, horses, cattle, See. ke. In a commercial point of view no country presents better prospects; the pints ol Matagorda and Galce-town are equal to any on the western sh ir*-of the gulf. Ollier har bor* will no doubt el n ini attention, us soon as the country becomes settled. There arc a number of silver mines in different di* tricts of the country, and there are some ol other minerals, as zinc, copper, and iron ore, Since the republicans have underti the government of *»td .Spain, the intenden cy nf New Mexico has been thrown opr to American settlers, on the most liberal term*. Those emigrants from tlie slot dined tn loeate themselves in tin- ,Spum*h dominions are required !n bring with ihein tesliinnninls'of having sustained a good r nter in the place vr > -.err they have migrated from—these testimonials are examined ui if found satisfactory by the i-ooimuhilan of the district where the emigrant v. i-ties l> settle, a permit is given tn explore any pari, and where there is public land lie is entitled to enter without fee or price, a quantity in proportion to the size of his family. He can then on application obtain a gift in the name of the King, of sn inin h pro vision as will last fur one year, he can lior row ns many tools as his pursuit* will re quire and as much stock as wilt b:: necesia ty tusteek Lis farrrr. rctinlte proceeded to tile ship, oil hoard i iviiich the trial wus to take place. Tie-. Hong merchants uud linguists were also in attendance. Upon the I’an-yu reaching the deck ol the ship, he addressed himself to tin: Americans, and through the linguist declar ed that the property and the ship were tin n under his protection, and any damages si,*., might sustain, he would i eimhurre, upon a proper representation. With thi* declara tion he advanced to the chair of judgment and look Ills seat. The Hong merchant who secured the ship, anil her litigui t, were, then called up ; and afire making the usual, j protestation*, acknowledged themselves in | their different rapacities. The l’an-yu then assured us of his I’rii-niilydisposiliun, of his- desire to avoid rather than create trouble,of the sacred duly in* was about to di-ihaige, and appealed to Heaven for the judgment of the motives by which himself was actuated. tie then asked what defence the Aini-ti- eans were prepared In make for the prisoner. Il was replied, our evidence can prove that the jar, w hich is said to he- the Instrument? (hat caused her death, was f.di ly deliicn d by the accused, into the iratals of tin* w o man, and that site fell tivin-iiunrd at the dis tance of 30 feet and upwards fiom the Emily < that she was seen from on hoard the Men; of Mulown, an English vessel laying neav the Emily, to fall overboard whilst in the act ot sculling her boat ; and that no jar or any such instrument was thrown at her, and caused tier falling into the n liter—that (rein tlie relative situation of the hunt with the ship, it was impossible to strike the woman on tlie side of tin* head, on v l.irh the wound was indicted ; and that the jar euuld never have cut Hie hat in the aninner in which we then fi nv it. \W (Juuliin i| ua <mr IhTkT, that tin* woman having brrn Mtimt by the strength of thr tidr soinr diNtann* from the sli»p, in her nn\i«*ty to regain her station-, hail hy a misstep, fallen ovci hoard ; anri v\ hil~t m the art, had struck In r hi ad against the pivot on which the scull moves, or the? shaipedg- of tlie Imat, which caused the* wound upon the head. This defence wc ui”pd in n general way X and stated our ability to substantiate hy e- \ideiice, what vvehad iheo declared. The Pan-yu then called for the Chinese witness es; tile husband of the wornr.ii drowned, a woman heinngiiij; to a hoj.po I nat alongside and two chiidi cn, fioin o to 11 \ ♦ ais of agt» f who gave tin ir evideiue on their knees, theii heads ho\v«d to tho earth, hut whiih the Pan-yohad nevti < vplained to us. We icipiested that the w«*man, w ho appeared to be tile principal witness, should speak tr» us in English, as she underwood it lat hotter than til- linguist, w ho from ignorance, could not explain her testimony, nr from the fear •*ft-flViidi!!* the Pan-yu, who we hadalrea-* dy d -<*.«>vcred, had pi*judg'd tlie matter, '•nd Was ea .ei foi the man's conviction, gave* us mi in nil statements. The request waa icfuscd, hut ue were then informed that thi* woman saw the jar thi nw n, and the woman* tail on rboaid in consequence of the blow. VV. hninedsatei) att* mpted to (•onviticfy the Pan-yu, that, from the position of th«* hopp«» boat, riding astern of the ship it was impossible for this woman to haw- wit-* nessed the transaction, and that-he had de clared, liefoie set era! gentlemen, who were* then present, her tot 1 ignorance of (lie all.br, until hei attention was called to the* cru s of a chi d, when she saw a hat floating* on the surface of the water, and a man scul ling auxioudy towards it. We urged that as slit* had given contradictory statements, her evidence should be wholly di penacd with.—- Tli«* instruments of torture were then pro duced, hut not applied, and the woman in terrogated by tin* Pan-yu, adhering to what she bad just stated, wa s excused by him, by saying “ she had spoken differently., to gain the favour of the Americac >, blit she now spoke tiuth, il not, he assured us heaven would punish lu r.” Wu then proved that the children, produced as witnesses, saw no part of the a Hair, a,s they were brought from shore*, some lime alter it had occurred. — To this, nor any thing we urged, would tho* Pan-yu listen, and invariably silenced llnu-* qua and the linguist, when they were ex plaining our statements. He said he had hiinsHt seen tin* woman and the jar; believed- the mao guilty ; if lie had judged wrong fully, it was Heaven’s business, Sc in a pa-si- from his chair to conclude the trial. We then complained of bis conduct to tho llong men chants, and accused them, of a breach of their contract, inasmuch ns the* had not heard our witnesses. The Pan-vu was prevailed on to resume his chair, and a:i American sailor was brought forward, hut the judge seemed determined not to bear him, a» d after about half an hour ppent r in the greatest confusion, the P.m-y’u in a rage, b it the deck, and repaired on hoard his own boat, leaving tlie liong merchants and Linguists to see hi was obeyed. Thus concluded this mocker y nf fustic**, where the Chinese had agreed to receive foreign evidence upon the same footing a*r their own, and equal confidence should be reposed in them. After the Pan-yu had left, the ship, the IJong merchants i:i his name, demanded the prisoner. We expressed on* dissatisfaction in the ino**l uoiritcd manner, ar.il licensed them of a breach of f.uth, re minded I lie n of their jironjises and < ngr ge-* merit-, and expressed our conviction that tin* man was prejudged and his trial was only a f in! to obtain posyesdn.i of hi* per S'»n. We iitiluithstaudi ig acknowledged ottrselvi s amenable, to lb* laws oflhe coun try, and declared no resistance would be mado to th ir enforci meat, but as they bad violated every pi inr pie of honor and good ! !«T, U e »’l be man faith, am ty, is n. t binding on the of ly declined tnirrrm!. i in to force, and with him (lag, and surrender* d tin now in your power—the t d hy men and boats—' her o. ly about forty —ye red—take the man — but tin* flag w’• ve over the beads of those if < feet against injustice. The ciicunt in it»elf of no importance had >u< * 'm*. Pan-yu, that he rei'u nl fo tak if striking tlie fl >g was to he •pi* nee. The Hong ruuetiert: made many utliim u to oWm m. , many Imnd* g shall neve; i cannot pro-