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tUivsr
th'% n?V r 4he (W'Jtc** troiiiu »»avp
co'iipeli ol fi'Uli.t t<>
Onto** it «(>
Vvilhil.M <‘"ly .ff.t would have been
m nt>r<l snrrcnder, on the American side, ot
the fishm* III), .lii r, and, >H* 'If !l .
«,t' (lir ri,.’ I" rtuvigaln the Miv-issqqu t
rri»H tHi-^UfT* r*-nr", thnt we should have
Surrendered, in direct *iolatinn of imr in-
stnK’imns, (1 real. -xi-thur, practical liberty,
vjiilclt, •-•• II in tin 1 mu- of mu' independence,
b 1,1 h.’.-H deemed of lIn* hifilii-st importance,
amt at ill rinse hail Inn n, with iiiliniti- dilli-
cully, secured ; .1 liberty, of which that p'U-
tion of til'.' Union whom it immediately
Concerns hml linen, from the Unit’ ul treaty
of 17113, in the constant, real, noil uselul p«s-
•oaiimi ; while llm British would have sur
rendered absolutely nothing—aright which,
by inference friiut their own principle, was
. abrogated by th« war; a right which, un
der tin* treaty or 1783, (hey had enjoyed
fur thirty years, will:out cut using it, anil
which, in ail human probability, nevur would
have been of morn beneficial use to the
British nation than would Iik to the people
of the United States the ri«ht of navigating
the Bridgewater canal or the Danube
There was certainly an inconsistency, on
the |,n l of the British government, in claim
ing a right to navigate the Mississippi, while
asserting that the treaty of I7U.-J was abro-
f. iled by the war ; and, when pressed by ns
to say on what principle they clai ned it
without offering for it an equivalent, they said
the equivalent was, their acceptance of the
49th pii railed of latitude for tile north western
boundary, instead of the line, to w hich they
were entitled by the treaty of 178.1, In the
Mississippi■ As they gaveup the lineto the
river, they said they had a right to reserve
its navigation,^ arcess to it tortliat purpose.
Timy had said the same thing to Messrs.
M ■ nroe k. Pinkney, in 1807; k the principle
had been assented to by them, w ith the sub
sequent sanction of President Jefferson.
{still the whole argument leaned upon the
continuing validity of the treaty of 178:1-,
f„|. the boundary line, as well as the Missis
sippi navigation, vvas null and void, it that
treaty was abrogated. We replied to them,
that, although we were willihg to agree to
the 19th parallel of latitude lor the bounda
ry, and thought it of mutual interest that the
line should he lived, we were yet not tenaci
ous of it : we could not agree to their ar
ticle of mutual surrender, with a pledge of
future negotiation ; but we would consent
to omit the boundary article tt-ch, and leave
the whole subject for future adjustment.
And to this they finally agreed.
The advantage of this to us was, that we
came out of the war, without having surren
dered the fishing liberties, as they had been
enjoyed before, and stipulated at the treaty
of 178.1. We were still free to maintain,
and we did, after the conclusion of the
peace, effectively maintain, the existence of
the right, notwithstanding the intervening
vor. The British government still insisted
that the treaty of 1783 was abrogated by
the war; hot, when called upon to show
why then they treated the United States as
an independent nation, and why in Ihe trea
ty of Ghent they had agreed lo four several
commissions to ascertain boundaries, “ ac
cording to the true intent and meaning of
that same treaty of 1783,” they final,) an
swered, that they considered our indepen
dence, und the boundaries, as existing facts,
like those of other nations, without reference
to their origin. This left nothing but a dis
pute about words ; for wc applied the same
principle to the fishing liberties of the third
article w.iich they conceded with regard to
the acknowledgment of independence and
to the. boundaries. They considered the
" whole treaty of 1783 as a britisll grant.
We considered it as a British acknowledg
ment. Thev never drew the nice distinc
tion, attempted by Mr. Russell, between a
perishable and imperishable part of the trea
ty, or admitted that it consisted of rights
which they could not, and of privileges
which they could, resume without our con
sent. By their principle they might have
resumed the whole ; and, when they notified
to us at Ghent, that they did not intend to
grant us again the fishing libertiespvithin their
exclusive jurisdiction, hut that tuey meant
to leave us the right of fishing in the open
sea, they gave us distinctly enough to under
stand that they were treating us with magna
nimity in not resuming the whole. There
was in truth no difference in the principle.
And Mr. Russell, in consulting his Valid,
to find that fishing rights were jura mere
fncultaiis, and therefore imprescriptible,
ought lo have seen what that writer very
explicitly says, not that they were rights
which could nut he acquired by long usage,
but rights which could not he lust by non
user. Re ought also to have seen, that
Vatte.l no less clearly lays down, that, al
though a nation may appropriate to itself a
fishery upon its own coasts and within its
own jurisdiction, yet, “if it has once ac-
“ know (edged the common right of other
“ nations to come and fish there, it can no
“ longer exclude them from it: it lias hit
“that fishery in its primitive freedom, at
“ least with respect to those who have been
*i in possession of il." And lie cites tile
herring fishery nil the coast of England, as
en just aslirnro, on the coast if T.ahriuW, mid ah in-1 taken, instead of that which, M he nllcgr%
»
definite extent from the b land of New found- we, against Ills will, did do. We had, says
, . .1 ......... i..., i.. it,.. I Ki.ties ton vii.l I.e. three oilier ways nl iirm’ei iltng :
I willeun this article ns land, were lost to the I oiled States linev i
or at least till the indignant energy ul the
nation should have recovered, hyiompn at,
the rights llius surrendered to usurpation.
In notifying to us that the Britisll govern
ment intended not to renew the grant ul
the fisheries within British juiisdiction, Bu y
had not said vvliat ext, n they meant tu give
tn these terms. They had said they did
not mean to extend it to the rigid of the
fisheries, generally, or in the open .sens, en
joyed by all other nations. (Sec Letter nj
the .hncrican Commissioners tu Ihe Serntary
of Stale uf I ith .‘Intrust 181 I. U nit's Slate.
Capers, Vet. 0, p. Hit.) But there was not
winding historical exposition of vvliat Great
Britain understood by her exclusive juris
diction a* applied lo these fisheries. In the
I ji|i article of Ihe treaty of Utrecht, by
which Nova Scotia or Acadia Imd been ced
ed to France by Grind Britain, the cession
had been made “ in such ample manner and
« form, that the subjects of tlm most Chris-
“ ti in King shall hereafter lie excluded trum
“ all kind of fishing ill the said seas, hays,
“ and other places on the coasts ot Nova
" Scotia ; that is to say, on those which lie
“ towards the east, within thirty leagues,
“ beginning from the Island commonly cul-
" led Sable, inclusively, and thence along,
“ towatds tlte southwest.”
By the thirteenth article of the same trea
ty, French subjects were excluded Irom
fishing on any other part of the coast of the
Island of Newfoundland, than from Cape
Boimvista northward, and then westward to
Point Riche. By the fifteenth article of
treaty of Utrecht, between Gri at Britain tc
Spain, certain rights of fishing at the Island
of Newfoundland, had been reserved to the
Giiipiiseoatix, and other subjects of Spain;
hut in the eighteenth article of the treaty ul
peace between Great Britain and Spain, ot
1783, his Catholic Majesty had desisted,
well for himself as for his successors,
from all pretension which he might have
formed in favor of Ihe Guipuscoans and <>-
ther liis subjects, to the right of fishing in
the neighborhood of the island of New
foundland.” In these several, cases it is ap
parent that Great Britain hail asserted and
maintained an exclusive k proprietary juris
diction over the whole fishing grounds of
Ihe. Grand Bank, as well as on the coast ot
North America, and in the Gulf of St. Law
rence. Nor are we without subsequent in
dications of what she would have consider
ed as her exclusive jurisdiction, if a majori
ty of the American commission at Ghent
had been as ready as Mr. Russell declares
himself to have been, to subserihe to her
doctrine, that all our fishing liberties had
lost, by the war, every vestige of right. For,
in the summer of 1815, the year after the
conclusion of the peace, her armed vessel
on the American roast warned all Ameri
can fishing vessels not to approach wit on
si xty miles of the shores.
It was this incident which led to the ne
gotiations which terminated in the conven
tion of the 20lh October, 1818. In that in
strument the United States had renounced
forever that part of the fishing lihertie
which they had enjoyed or claimed in ccr
tain parts of the exclusive jurisdiction of
British provinces, and within three marine
mites of the shores. This privilege, with
out being of much use to our fishermen,
had been found very inconvenient tn tilt
British: and, in return we have tu quired an
enlarged liberty, both of fishing and drying
fish, within the other parts of the British
jurisdiction, forever. The first article of this
convention affords a signal testimonial of
the correctness of the principle assumed by
the American plenipotentiaries at Ghent
for, by accepting the express renunciation
of the United States, of a small portion of
the privilege in question, and by cunfirminj
and enlarging all the remainder of the privi
lege forever, the British government have
implicitly acknowledged that the liberties
of the third article of the treaty of 1
had not been abrogated by the war, and
have given the final stroke t" the opposite
doctrine of Mr. Russell. That words o
perpetuity in a treaty cannot give that char
aetcr to the engagements it contains, is not
indeed a new discovery in diplomatic his
lory t hut that truism has as little concern
with this question, as the annulment of our
treaty of 1 778 with France, so aptly appli
ed to it in his letter. It is not, therefore
the word forever, in ibis convention, which
will secure to our fishermen, for all times
tiie liberties stipulated and recognized in it;
hut it vvas introduced by our negotiators,
and admitted by those of Great Britain as a
warning that we shall never consider tile
liberties secured to os l*y it, as abrogated
hy mere war. They may, if they please, in
case of a war, consider the convention as
abrogated, hot the privileges as existing,
without reference to their otigin. But they
and we, I trust, are forever admonished
against the stratagem of demanding a stir-
render, in the form of notifying a forfeiture.
They and we are aware, forever, that no
thing hot our own renunciation am deprive
us of the right.
The second article of this same ronven-
lion affords a demonstration equally deci
out reluinciatibp, we should rontihave tmmtl subject, Ihry claim this tribute, us’tiffd- whore shi-. pi ijv.l ;)(,»-or
n**rrirv r tlSilCrV Oil 111*' Clmru ui unpiinii «ia . ,
l -big common to them with other nations, f«N how utt.-.Jy uv-igiiibrant and worthless,
mmgcoi uni a ,tcrt i. t„ in the estimation of the British government,
because l ey • ri [ ! 1 1 vvas this direftilly dreaded navigation of the
themoeUesfnm the beg,mung. The article gives us the 10th
I ... f I, ., l.vlltni* nl All* ICIICCSMI .. . 1 1 . . . . a .1 • ■ ■
In perusing tile letttcr oi Mr. Russell,
whether original or duplicate, 1 cannot hut
jvlh-rl, with gratitude to Pmdenre, upon
tile slender thread by which the rights of
tnix nation to the fisheries were in laet. sus
pended -it the negotiation of Ghent. I’osi
tive and precise as our instructions were,
,)„t to surrender them, if Mr. Russell had
disclosed at Ghent the opinions avowed in
either version of ins letter ; it he had so
'bro-idlv asserted, and so pectinaciously main-
■tai ed,' his conv iction of the utter worth-
'lessees* of the fisheries, in comparison with
the exclusion of Ihe British from a mere
phantom of right to navigate the Mississip
pi, which they had always enjoyed without
Ua ’e ; without" benefit to tbfcmsi Ives or in
jury’to us ; if he had so learnedly disserted
prove that th • treaty of 1783 was totally
,„d absolutely abrogated hy the war; if lie
had so thoroughly inverted the real stale nl
tie- qn, spun, and'painted it in such ghnv'.ii,
coin's as a sacrifice of deep, real interests of
the West to a shallow, imaginary interest ol
• lo- Cs-t ; if, withthat perseverance which
j» the test of sincerity, lie h»<l ref is, d to
xign the proposal determined upon hy tin
majority of his colleagues, and given them
tioiice that lie should transmit to Ins govern
ment the v indication of himself and his mo
tives far differing from them ; and, above
all if another mind could have been found
jr\hc mission, capable of concurring with
loin i i those views, it wood at least have rc-
f ,,f the majority an inflexibility of for
titude, beyond that of any trial by which
they were visited to have persevered m
their proposal. Had they concurred with
him in his opinion of the total abrogation of
the Treaty i f 1733, by the mere fact of the
parallel of latitude for the boundary, and
neither the navigation of the river, nor ac
cess to it, was even asked in return.
These are conclusive, facts—farts appeal
ing not to the prejudices or the jealousies,
but to the sound Bence and sober judgment
of men. Without yii Ming at all to Mr. Rus-
-.j II, in my “trust in God and the valor of
'he West,” I have an equal trust tn the same
divine being, as connected with the justice
of the W i st. I have the. most perfect and
imdouhting reliance, that to llm dear-sight
ed intelligence of tin* western country, the
gmigons, and hydras, and chimeras dire, of
>lr. Russell’s imagination, raised hy incan
tation from lire waters of the Mississippi,
will sink as they rose, and he seen no more
Without professing to sacrifice any of thosi
ios of duty and allegiance, which hind in
to the interests of my native state, I cannot
dlow Mr. Bussell's claim to a special ardor
or the welfare of the West, to he superior
t) my ow n. or to that of tile deceased, or o
the livingcnlle igue with whom I concurred
ithnnt mental reservation, in the measut
subscribed lo, and denounced by Mr. It us
■ j |. We were all the ministers of the wholi
•Union ; .anil sure I am, that every memlie
d the majority would have spurned will
■qual disdain the idea of sacrificing the in
crest of any one part of the Union to tin
f any other, and the unCandid purpose ol
twakrning suspicions at the source of thei
common authority here, against the patri
otisin and integrity of any one of his col
leagues.
I shall conclude with a passing notice of
tlte three alternatives, whirl), in the post
pt to the original of his letter of till
|,e, three other ways of proceedir
“First. To contend for the. itni-y trur.ti-
“ hility of the, treaty of 1783, thence inferring
“the continuance of llm fishing privilege,
“ wilhuut saying any thing about the na'i-
“ gallon of'the Mississippi, which would
' have reserved our right of contesting this
‘navigation, on the. grounds 1 have nu-ii-
,l tinned, specially applicable tn it. Second
“ Iy, To have considered the treaty at an
“end, and ollVted a reasonable equivalent,
“ wherever it inif'ht be found, lor the fishing
“privilege,” Thirdly, In have made. Ibis
liberty a sine qua non of peace, as rinbritecd
by the principle of stains ante helium.
“To either of these propositions” (he
“adds,) ”1 would have assented. Bill I
“could not consent to grant or revive tin
“ British right to the navigation ol'the Mi»-
“ sissippi.”
lie could not consent ! lie did consent:
see his name subscribed to the letter from
the American to the British Plenipotentia
ries of t-Jtli December, 1814—p. 41 of the
message of 25th February last.
It is, indeed, painful lo remark here, and
throughout this letter of Mr. Russell, liovv
little solicitude there is discoverable, to pre
serve evin the appearance of any coinci
dence between his real sentiments and his
professions : half his letter is an argument
in form to prove, that the treaty of 1783
was abrogated by the war ; yd, he says he
would have assented to contend for its inde
structibility, so long as it applied only to th
defence of the fisheries, reserving ms special
ground of objection to its being applied to
the navigation of the Mississippi. I have
hewn, that the. indestructibility of the trea
ty of 1783 never w as asserted hy any of Ui
American Uommissioncrs ; but, that tin*
principale that it had not been abrogated by
the war, and that noitu of the rights stipu
lated and recognized In it, as belonging to
the people, of the United States, mold b
abrogated, but hy their own renunciation
w as at first assumed in defence of the fish
dies only, and without saying any thing of
Ihe Mississippi. When, therefore, the di
mand for tho navigation of the Mississippi
came fiotn the British Plenipotentiaries, Mr.
Russell’s special objections to the applica
tion of our principle, in favor of onr demand,
might have been urged. But vvliat were
these spe.eial objections? I have shewn,
that they were onr own wrong—fraud and
extortion upon Spain, to justify | erfidy to
Great Britain. Mr. Russell nevi r did allege
these objections at Ghent, and, if he had, a
majority of the American mission would,
assuredly, have oeen ashamed to allege them
to Ihe British government.
The second way of proceeding, to which
Mr. Russell says he would have assented,
was to consider the treaty of 1783 at an end,
nd ufl’er for the fishing privilege a reasona
ble equivalent, wherever it might be found—
and w here would lie have found it ? He will
not affirm that ive hail authority to ofl’eraiiy
quivalt-tit whatever—we had been specially
instruct! d not to surrender them. He says
he would have surrendered and purchased
them at a reasonable price again.
The third substitute, to which he says
lie would have assented, is the strangest of
all. He says lie would have made it a sine
qua non of peace, as embraced by the priu
ciple of status anle helium.
A sine qua non foi the status ante helium!
And yet he could not consent to grant or re
vive the British right to the navigation ol
ihe Mississippi in order to procure or pre
serve the fishing liberty; when the status
anti; helium would have given tlu-in not
anly the whole treaty of 1783, but the per
manent articles of the treaty of 1791; not
only the navigation of the Mississippi, hut
unrestrained access lo our territories and
intercourse with our Indians
I have shown that the most aggravated
portion of Mr Russell’s charge against his
colleagues of the majority, that of wilful vio
lation of positive and unequivocal instruc
tions, by a senseless offer to the Brilisl)
Plenipotentiaries, sacrificing an important
Western to a trilling Eastern interest, is not
only utterly destitute of foundation, but that
it was not even made, nay, more, that it
was distinctly contradicted by the letter
really written by Mr. Russell at Paris, on
the lltli of February, 1815. Into Mr. Rus
sell’s motive for introducing it into the do
plicate of that letter, delivered hy himself
at the Department of .State, to becotnmuni
- rated to tile House as the letter called for by
their resolution, I shall not attempt to pi ne
trate ; having, as I trust, equally show n that
the charges implied in the real letter are as
groundless as their aggravations in the du
plicate. The professions of unfeigned res
pect to the integrity, talents, and judgment,
of those colleagues whose conduct is, in the
same letter, represented as so weak, absurd,
and treacherous, ] can, for my own part,
neither accept or reciprocate. To have
been compelled to speak, as in these remarks
I Iihv'o done, of a person distinguished by
the favor of iiis country, and with w hom 1
had been associated in a sen ice of high in
terest to this Union, has been among the
most painful incidents of my life. In the
defence of myself and my colleagues, aga
inst imputations so groundless in themselves,
at first so secretly set forth, and now so
wantonly promulgated before the legislative
assembly of the nation, it has been impossi
ble entirely to seperate the language of self-
vindii-alion from that of reproach. With
Mr. Rursrll I can also rejoice that the pro
posal offerred on the 1st of December, 1814,
w as rejected by the British government, qot
because I believe it now, more than I did
then, liable, to any of the dangers and mis
chiefs so glaring in the vat i inalions of Mr.
Bussell, hut b cause both Ihe interests to
which it relates have since hern adjusted in
a manner still more satisfactory to the Uni
ted States. I rejoice, too, that this adjust
nicnt lias taken place before the publication
of Mr. Russell's letter could have any pm
sible influence in defeating or retarding it
The convention of 20th Oct. 1818, is the
refutation of all the doctrines of Mr. Rus
-ell’s letter, to which there can be no reply.
It has adjusted the fishing interest upon the
principle asserted by the American mission
at Ghent, but disclaimed hy Mr. Russell.
It has given us the boundary of latitude 49.
from the Lake of the Woods westward, and
t lias proved the total indifference of the
British government to the right of navigat
ing Ihe Mississippi, by their abandonment
if ther last claim to it, without asking an
equivalent for its renunciation.
With regard to the magnitude of the fish
ing interest which was at stake during the
negotiation at Ghent, I believe the views dis-
closed in Mr. Bussell’s letter as incorrect as
lhe principles upon which lie would have
surrendered it. The notification of exclu
sion was from all fisheries within exclusive
British jurisdiction. 1 have shown that, his
torically, Great Britain had asserted and
maintained exclusive proprietary jurisdic
tion over the whole
that In-biniui iplo of exclusion embraced the
whole, W
That a citizen nrMusHai-lmsi’lls,acquaint
ed with its i-iilonial history, with the share
that his countrymen bail had in the conquest
of a great pari ul Ihe ;c fisheries, with the deep
kanxious interest in them taken hy France, d-iy
hy Spain, hy (Beat Britain, for centuries he- j then; were any L-xpecltltion ol w at.
tore the American Revolution ; acquainted
with the ncgiiciations of which they had
Ijuiiii the knot, k tile wars uf which they had
heen (lie prize, hit ween toe ihl’t e mo-1 pow
erful maritime nations of inndein Europe ;
acquainted with the profound sensibility ol
the whole American union, doling the. Re
volutionary w ar, to this interest, and w ith the
inflexible energies by w hich it had heen se
cured at its close; acquainted with the in
dissoluble links uf attachment between it
ml the navigation, the navy, the. maritime
defence, tile national spirit and hardy enter
prise of this great republic ; that such
citizen, stimulated to the discharge ofduty
hy a fresh instruction from hri government,
given at the most trying period of the war
ipnn the very first rumor of an intention, on
the part of Great Britain, to demand its sur
render, not to surrender it, sooner to break oil
the negotiation than surrender it ; that such
citizen, with the dying words of Law
rence,don’t give up the ship,” still vibrating on
“ ouhift ear, should describe this interest
“ totally unnecessary fur its for subsistence
“ or occupation,” and affording, “in no hon-
“ est way, cither commercial facility or po
litical advantage,” «s “ the doubtful ac-
“ cnrrimndalioti of a few fishermen annually
“deetcasing in number,” is as strange and
“ unaccountable tome as that he should de
liherately sit down, two months after tin-
treaty was concluded, and write to his go
vernment a eold-lilooded dissertation to
prove that there was nothing, absolutely no
thing, in the principle upon which he and
Iiis colleagues had rested its future defence,
and that he considered the fishing liberty
“ to “he entirely at an end, without a new
stipulation for its “revival.”
Such w ere not tile sentiments of a majori
ty of the American commissioners at Ghent;
such were, particularly, not the sentiments
of the w i iter of these remarks. He reflects,
with extreme satisfaction, upon that deep
and earnest regard fur this interest manifest
ed, at that time, hy the executive govern
ment of the United States, in the positivi
k unqualified instruction of 25th June, |8I 4,
to the commissioners, on no consideration
whatever to surrender the fisheries. Mere
juices that this instruction was implicitly o-
lieyed ; that the nation issued from the war
w ith all its rights liberties unimpaired, pre-
rved as well from the artifices of diploma-
y,as from the force of preponderating pow-
r upotl their element, the seas ; and lie
trusts that the history of this transaction, in
II its details, from the instruction not lo sur
render the fisheries, to the conclusion of tin-
[invention of 20th of October, 1818, will
give solemn warning to the statesmen of
litis I.’nion, in their conflicts with foreign
powers, through all future time, never to
consider any of the liberties of this nation as
ilirogati-d hy a war, or capable of being rx-
liugni-lied hy any ntherngency than our own
xpress renunciation.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
May 3, 1822.
ions of great mill tilted minds. ... I idler many waves dashing
Under the date of Aup-burg, April,Tl ! this ptirt ol’the vessel i i i no i thq
we have advices from \ lenna ol the »7 i waves, ntul we had the l>*-)»i t i.-iuu g
which mention that the Austrian Bank j -n tie of seeing Hie women perish.-—
Actions had risen two per cent, in one I Thu three men lay towards the sterne of
This certainly due* nd look as if Ihe vessel, one of whom stuck to a mast,
which projected towards the cliff, to
It is now said that M. de Tntisc!iefl | whom, after many attempt?, we succeed-
was to have Ins audience of leave of the j ed iu throwing a rope, and brought him
Emperor of Austria on the I Till, and to | safe nshoref Another we also saved ;
set oil for St. I’eterslmrg oil the lit lit or | hut the constant dashing of tll^ waves
20th of April, Like most ol the other
rumors, however, (hi* one. is provided
with its antidote, for ill another V lenna
irticle of the same date, it is asserted he
will prolong Ins residence in that capital.
It is perhaps hardly worth remark
ing the lone of the Fans Journals is
much less win like than it lias been du
ring the last two per three weeks, in
fact, the immediate hostilities which
were fixed for the middle of March, or
the furlhi st ; for Ihe beginning uf April,
are still among the futurities ot our pug
nacious politicians.
Ni w-York, May 29.
MOST DISTRESSING INTELLIGENCE.
By the arrival of the Martha, Capt.
Sketchley, in 30 days from Liverpool,
we have the heart-rending intelligence
of the TOTAL LOSS OF THE RACK
ET SlliF ALBION, Captain Williams,
which left this port the first of April foi
Liverpool. She was driven ashore on
the Irish Coast on the 22d of the month,
and nearly all on board perished.
The intelligence produced the most
painful sensation we have ever witness
ed in our city, and tlie event will be
most extensively lamented hy the friends
of the numerous passengers in almost e-
very part of this continent. Capt. Wil
liams, was one of our most respectable
shi| masters, and highly esteemed as
citizen. He lias left, a wife and sevet
children to lament hi* melancholy fate-
The passengers who were on hoard,
according to the account we p riiii-be
on the sailing of the ship, were as ltd
lows.
Mr. Chahert, and Mr. Grave/,, # ol
Paris, Mr. Le Merrier, of N. Orleans
Mrs. Gamier and Son, and Mrs. 1’ye, el
N. York, Miss Powell, of Canada, inajm
Gough of Ihe P>r. army. Win. Procter.
Wm. il. Dwight, and G. W. Bavnor, N.
put an end lo the sufferings of the oth
ers. This vessel proves to be the Albi
on, of N. York, packet, rapt. Williams,
which place she left on the 1st Inst, (nr
Liverpool, with a cargo of cotton, raw
turpentine, rue kc. and with about tit
passengers. Her crew consisted ot 24 ;
and of the w-helc there have heen saved
only 9, making the sufferers amount le
43. Out of the passengers there have
heen saved hut two The bodies ofo
mini and 2 women have heen picked up
After doing every thing possible t r
these poor creatures, I exerted myself
with Mr. Gibbons in saving the private
property of the poor sailors and passen
gers, and succeeded in saving some of
their trunks. 1 have hi ought lour of
these poor creatures here. Mr. Gib
bons has taken three, and two more re
main at the dairymen’s houses, from
whence they were too weak to he le-
moved Cap. Williams is among the suf-
ferers. As i knew your feelings tnu aids
lliose thus situated, 1 have taken the
liberty of prcpaiingsome thin hoards, to
make Coffins for these seven. Mm is
now completely gone to pieces. M,c
was, 1 think, as fine a vetsel 11 her des
cription ns could be seen. My situation
docs not allow me lo sav more at pie-
sent, us 1 wa- never more fatigued, and
mni-in. Ilonoted .Sir, your ever glide
lul and faithful servant,
JOHN I URCELL.
■ To Thomas Hochfom. J,’:.-/.”
LATEST FBOM bl ROPE.
The Maltha sail' d In in Liverpool on
riu 27th and front the llm k on the ' v ’8ih.
Wo have our regular files of papoi s ainl
Lloyd's Lists to the date ol her depar-
urp.
At the last dated it is said there was
very prospect of a reconciliation be-
ween Russia and Turkey.
The West Indian trade bill, was to
York, Philotine Delphi, and Victor Mel-
li-sent, of Pans, G. 11. Clark and la.lv. I,avc a 'i 0 ’' 1 readme in the II
vmvViHi.w
Savannah, June 7.
VERY LATE FROM ENGLAND.
Our correspondents the eJilot-s of the
Charleston Mercury, Courier and City
Gazette, have politely favoured us with
lips, hy which we are furnished with
Lircrpool dates to the 3d May, received
hy the Bayard, arrived at that port in
30 days from Liverpool.
A duty of one penny on foreign cot-
ions and half that duty on colonial cot
tons is expected to be laid on by Par
liament, to go into effect alter the 6ib
July next.
The West India Rill had not heen I •
ken up in Parliament on Hie last of April.
Lord Londonderry observed in his place,
that a clause would be introduced into it
to regulate the trade with South Ameri
ca.
Markets remain the same—low prices
and suffering under a heavy stock.
Extract of a letter to a commercial house
in this city dated
11 Liverpool, May 2.
“ The holders from their pushing so
eagerly into the market, independent ot
the late large supplies, lias had the effect
of bringing down and must tend to keej
down prices.
“ About 1000 hags Sea I-Innd are to
be offered at auction to morrow. Thi
following is the result of the three first
day sales of the present week.
“ Bice very dull here ; 9s to 14? nd : Cot
ton Upland, 43 lj«h 9,at 8 l-8d ; 80 do 8 14
55 do. 8 1-2, 71 do 83 4 ; 200 do 87-8 ; 583
do 9 ; 282 do 9 1-8 ; 358 do 9 1-4 ; 350 ih-
9 5 8 ; 285 do 8 9 1-2; 43 do 9 5-8 ; 118
do 9 3-4 ; 25 do lOd—total 2173 Indus, Sea-
Island. 58 hags at I5d; 11 do 15 1-4; 20 du
1-2 40 do 17 : 20 do 2 id—total 155
hags,
“ P. S.—A letter is just received in
town front a M. P. stating that Ministers
have determined on laying an additional
duty on Cotton, t he rate is not tinallv
settled, hut it will he either Id. or 2ii.
per pound and to take place in July,”
Mr. Canning’s motion, last night, for
the admission of the Catholic Peers into
ihe Legislature, carried hy n majority
of 5 iri an unusually full House ; the
number of members present being 493.
Many, no doubt, were attracted hy tin-
anticipation of that intellectual treat
which the powerful eloquence & luminous
arguments ol'the Right Honorable Gen
tleman were sure to provide. Nor were
they disappointed. A more masterly
oration, in all the qualities of vigorous
reasoning, illustrative facts, and philoso
phical elucidation, has really, if ever,
been heard within the walls of Parlia
ment. His proposition wa- opposed, as
it had been announced it would he, by
Mr. Secretary Peel, and supported by-
Mr. Plunkett, h the conflict reminded us
f Albany, Col. Provo-t, A. M. Fi-he't, | Common? on the 2£Mh of April, and them
was no doubt iff it^ passage.
On the 2fi'h, when the last accounts
left London, Lord John Russell hail just
brought forward hi* promised uioti o
fur a Pnliamentary reform.
'[ here was no alteration in the mar
ket at Liver pool.
A meeting has been held at London,
ofthe merchants and ship owners, and a
petition to government adopted, praying
that ships belonging to the Republics of
Columbia, Buenos Ay res, Chili. Ac. to
lie admitted into our ports (when coming
direct from their respective countries,
and laden with Ihe produce thereof.)
may be admitted in the same manner a»
the ships of the United States and Bra
zil.
The wheat crop ha* failed at llis
Cape of Good Hope. The governor ha*
issued and order, admitting for tin; space
of Yale College, G. IB1I, John Gorie,j
N. Carolina, Win. Overhurt, of Pennsvl- !
vania, and tw o gentlemen from the north
ward. * This was Grin, l.rjcbre Dcsnou-
ettes, ntio assumed that name.
We have obtained no other particu
lars of this disastrous event, than will he
found in tlie following extracts of letter-
received at Liverpool. Captain Sketch-
ley made every enquiry at the moment
of liis departure, hut understood no
further information had reached Liver
pool. It was reported that the passen
ger saved, belonged to Boston.
Letters from Liverpool, say that the
news of the loss of [the Albion caused
such a gloom, that all mercantile busi
ness was nearly suspended during the
day.
A letter of the 27th states, that the
letter bags of the Albion had drifted
ashore, and would be immediately for- °f 10 months, imports at a duty of 3 per
_ . A -. r, t i r,1 /, it. I Al 1 ft
warded to Liverpool
LtvF.Rroot, April 27.
SHIPWRECK OF THE ALLIION PACKET.
We have to record a melancholy e
vent, in t tie loss of the packet ship AI b i -
n, from New-York to Liverpool. This
lino vessel sailed from Neiv-York
rent instead of 10.
A courier arrived at Amsterdam on
the 201 li of April, from Vienna, with fa
vourable political intelligence, k. bring
ing ttie metalics 3 4 per cent higher,
which caused a general improvement iu
the prices of the public securites on the
ihe 1st inst. wiih a crew of 24 men and j Amsterdam Exchange.
28 passengers. On the 22d inst, she It is reported that .4/: Eacha, who has
was entirely lost on the Coast of Ireland, been so many times killed, lias arrived
oft Garretstown, near the Old Point ot
Kinsale. Only two passengers and se
ven of Ihe crew wore saved. All the
particulars oftliis melancholy shipwreck
which have been received in town up
to the hour that we are writing, are con
tained in two letters, published in the
Mercury ofyesteruay, k which we give
beneath ; the one from Jacob Mark, U.
S. Consul at Kin«ale, lo Messrs Cropper,
Benson and Co. of this town.—the other
from an eye w itness of the scene, a Mr.
Purcell, agent ofthe gentlemen to whom
afe at Majorca.
There are rumours that a misunder
standing is likely to become serious be
tween France and Spain.
A motion for an address to the King,
to remit the imprisonment of Mr. Hunt,
was negatived in the 11. of Commons,
223 to 80.
It is announced that the potatoe crop
in the counties of Clare, Kerry. Gain,,
Cork, Mayo, Ros common and Limerii k,
Ireland is ascertained to lie deficient. Iu
Clare, it is stated, that 209,000 i.T the
the letter is addressed, and which hud population will want for food till the
been forwarded here hv this gentleman,
for the information oftliose interested.
[another LETTER.]
“ llarrctstown, 22d Jipril, 1822.
“ Honoured Sir,—At some lime before
four o’c.Uck this morning, I was inform
ed that a ship was cast on the racks at
the bottom of your dairy farms, to vv Inch
place 1 immediately repaired : and at
coining crop, a period of 3 months.—
1 ho oat and hay crop is so deficient that
many rattle have already died.
French Stocks, April 22d, 87. Bri
tish Consols, for account, 78 1 4.
Paris, April 17,
The Courier Franrais of this day con
tain* the note of M. Zea, presented to
about the centre of the two farms, | ^'e Minister ter 1 oi eign Allair*, ami lo
found a vessel on the rocks, under a very j foreign ambassadors, requiring t 1 -?
high chff. At this time as it blew a ^cognition ° r Hie reputffie of Colomhis.-
dreadful gale, with spring title and np- j his document is extremely long. 1 fie
preaching high water, Ihe sea ran moon- j following is an extract : —
tains high ; however, I descended withi J he intentions ot this Government’
some men as far down the cliff as the ,re ils lollows :
dashing of the sea would permit us to gu| U That the Government of Colombia
with safety, and there had the horrid recognizes all existing governments,-
spectacle of viewing five dead bodies j'' hatuver may be their origin and their
stretched on the deck, and four other j form.
tellovv creatures distiactedlv calling tor) 2. J hat it will not communicate wiffi
assistance, which we were unable lo at- : Governments w! fi b do mt on their -i rif
ford them, as certain death would have I recognize the Government of Colombia-
attended the attempt to render them any.
1 hat all cninmerre, acre?*, abode,
Of those in this perilous situation, one in the ports nnd territory of Colombia,
was a female, whom, though it vvas im- ‘ ~ 1
possible from the wind and the roaring
of the sea to hear her, yet from her
gestures and the stretching out of her
hands, we judged to he calling and im
ploring fur our assistance. At this time
the grentcr part of tlie vessel lay on a
of the brightest days ot the House ol Com- j rock, and part ofthe stern, w here this j not recognize that of Columbia
•none. We have not space to enter into j poor woman lay, projected over anar-i 5. That delays sli.dl he established
any reflections upon the questionour- row creek that divides this rock from for admis-ion to the port* and territory
selves ; but we recommend to the earnest another. Here the sea ran over her I of Colombia, proportioned p, ,],|, v
perusal ofthe country,thethree.speech-1 with (be greatest fury yet she kept a which the pioposej recognition th.ill < x-
hrii mi I n^iifMtff*
are open and ensured with full libeitv_
safety, tolerance, and reciprocity, to all
nations whose Governments ahull recog
nize that of < riilombij.
4. That these same jioil? and lerri'e.
ry are, and shell remain < lused against
the subjects of those -lutes wtin li shall
in^the fisheries in 'the Gulf of St. Law- February, 1815, he says, we might have
„„ ( j , es which ive have mentioned with Mr. j firm hold, which it much astonishc-d mi jpei ience.
Had we tamely nc- j Canning’s able reply. Apart from all con-j that she could do ; liut we soon perceiv- 6. That measures w ill he t .km
juiesced iu her principle of forfeiture with- [sideration of the political merits of the j «d that the vessel vvas broke across, | the GovcrotV’-ct cl Colombia to j.ioi
■XM