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SOUTHERN RECORDER. VOL. 111. M1LLEDGEV1LLE, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1822. No. o'J. PUBLISHED WEKKI.Y, /{I S. GUA.YTLA.YDUf R-M. ORMK, 0 ,HancockStreet, opposite the Auction Store, nlllKK DOLLARS, IN ADVANCK, III! Kll h POLLAIIS AT TUB KXP1BATIU.N OK TUI. V K- A R • ILH Advertisements conspicuously inserted *1 the customary rates. Letters on business, in nil cases, must be post paid. The Cause of tin. Greeks—of Christianity — and of Liberty. We lay aside various other articles to give place to the whole of the following in.i.-tdly letter from the first Orator of Eon land to her minister Lord Liverpool. \Vt sluiuUl feel ourselves as doing a sort of in ji.lice to this manly appeal of the liberal I, ad Erskine, if we did not invite the rea der's attention to its beauties and its argil- Perhaps no period could have been se- |, i led mure suitable for its publication. The fnntest is going on between the Crescent ,,,,d the Cross, Tile Orel ks. though linas- si,ted hj a single ally, without onc Russian in | ticir ranks, or one firelock furnished them |,v a Christian nation, yet continue to cope with their barbarous oppressors. They have not flinched from the murderous con- t, So far from it, that they have disap pointed and astonished the world by their (pint and perseverance. The naval achievement of Sein may vie in ils noble, dat ing with the sea-fight of Sa- kunis. If t ey have really defeated the Parlia Chonrschid at the memorable pass of Thrrttmpyla*, the victory will he worthy hi' llie descendants of the ancient Spartans. Tue whole contest has done them honor. They are not that abject and degenerate rare, which the travellers, and poets of Eu rope have been accustomed to ridicule. Lord Byron should once more seize the harp ; anti hymn the praises of a people, whoso genius lie had mistaken, lie owes them some atonement for the satirical strokes which lie has lavished upon them : Now strike Hie golden lyre again— \ hinder yet—and yet a louder strain. It is while this contest is going on, while it is maintained in so heroic a spirit by the Greeks, that l he monarchs of Europe areu- houllo assemble to lake this, w ith other qoes- tions, into their consideration. The Congress id Verona meet. What will the Holy Al ias (In? Will they leave the Greeks to them- H'lvs ■ Will they aufl'er a Christian nation to be overwhelmed by a Mahometan Intruder, who is in the habit of calling these Christ tms “lines?” Aro they su much alarm ed by the very name of “ revolution,” as 1n considi rtis. success of the Greeks, like the dim eclipses oh he moon, to forebode change to themselves, a-sd perplexity tn nil inoii- arclis? Will they consider the Suit l tanstantinople as a Legitimate price—ami entitled to all the participations of an alli ance, which can only be called Holy, be cause it is consecrated by the Christian Re ligion ? Gut, if Russia, if Prussia, if Austria should bo led away by these phantasies, study Great Rritain will not be misled by their delusions. She has a represeutativ constitution. She calls herself a free na tiou. She ought not to entertain those vio lent prejudices against innovation and re formation, which may perplex the Holy Allies.—Lit her listen tu Lord Erskine Let her instruct Iter representative a* v'ero na to plead fur the Greeks— and to a peal to the Allies as Cta'istAns, if not as the friends of freedom Londonderry is 'm ue. Canning & to succeed him—a man, who lias a more liberal spirit than hi predecessor—and more independent priuci pies.—If he can prevail with the Allies; if he can wean Russia from her fnvorit scheme of aggrandizement, let an attempt be made tu establish an cm pile for Greeks—at least oil the site of the ancien Gruucii. Give them a district. Save them from the clutches of the Turks—from th grasp of Russia—and thus preserve the fu ture peace of Europe.— Gut the letter ol Lord Erskine presents these considerations in so forcible a point of view, that it is nil occecessary tu repeat them. K< ail it : [/ it A. Enq 4 Idler to tin Earl of Liverpool, on llic sub ject of the Greeks. BY THOMAS LORD ERSKINE. My Lord—If Parliament had continued Kitting, it was my intention to have brought the subject of my letter before the House of Lords, and if it could have been safely delayed, I shoud have waited until Parlia ment reassembled ; but as my object is to engage your Lordship’s earliest attention to 1,ltc sufferings of the Greeks, it is obvious that not a moment should he lust : I lament indeed that his Majesty has net long since been addressed by both branches cf the le gislature, beseeching him to fulfil the duty of a Christian sovereign by an instant en deavour to terminate the perpetration of those unutterable crimes which have so long been suffered to disgrace the Turkish do- Initiation. I questiun not at all the lung's humanity or justice, hilt as his Majesty can only act through the public councils, I ad dress myself tn your lordship. To reinuve in the very outset any inten tion of personal offence, 1 give you full Credit, my Lord, for the warmest feelings on this afflicting subject. 1 believe you, upon good evidence, to he. anxiously soli citous for the security of Christians and lor progress of the. Gospel ; hut placed as you are in a highly responsible situation, in very critical times, you may apprehend difficul ties in promoting those great objects by any of the government ; and it is tliere- l begin by maintaining, that you are y and indispensably bound by a duly paramount to that of a statesman, to make »n instant effort to engage the. nations in al- jraice with litis country to overthrow the " iqjpel dominion of unprincipled, incnnigilile ^barbarians, over a Christian people, strug- jjjffittg for freedom and independence. , r 'Pin: dominion of the Turks, my lord, over the beautiful and extensive legions Vrhiijh include ancient Greece, was not an Ai tlioaiy conquest: to he considered upon the received principles and precedents of civilized states towards each other,—It the Cracks had become subject to Uc Ottoman Porte through the ordinary chances of war, oid w ere gmerned according to the. maxims of the civilized world, we should then, I ad mit, have no right to resist by force the se- i eritv of their government, however unjust ; hut I deny the application of this forbear ance to Hie Ottoman l’orle, acting as it has ton long been suffered to do. As Christians, my Lord, we ought be sides to hear in mind that the. dominion of the Saracens was nut one of those changes of government by successful warfare which have taken place in all agc.s throughout the world, hut Ihf.l it was foretold by the pro phets, and hut too well described in Scrip ture, its a smoke issuing from the bottom- less pit which should cover a large portion of the earth with desolation.—We ought not to forget that in the region thus over whelmed, the Almighty first revealed him self to mankind, and that our Redeemer forth from thence his Disciples and Apostles to preach the gospel of benevo- 'enru mid peer, where if continued to he •reached and to extend itself on every side until this preternatural pestilence, invading both soui and body, defiled the Christian revelation by a base imposture, and destroy ed its sacred Professors. We ought to hold in vindictive remem brance that in the City of Constantinople, now the horrid theatre of unutterable crimes, he imperial standard of Christianity, after ages ol persecution, was first triumphantly planted, and that her churches multiplied k, flourished under it, until this assault of de- usion and violence overthrew them, des troying in (lie same moment the moat cele brated remains of the arts which had eseap- the fury of the Goths and Vandals: hav ing been collected by Constantine when the south of Europe was overrun, and the lto- rn Empire divided. \\ hoever will look into the work of Mon sieur la Fosse, published lately at Paris, w hen the equestrian statue of Henri (iua- fte was ro-r rectal upon the Pout No.of, will lie astonished at the destruction of the most sublime monuments of the Ancient World which then unhappily took place.— But what, my Lord, is the destruction of the Arts w hen compared with the profanation of Christian churches and the atrocious mur ders of their ministers and worshippers ; continued to this hour with accumulated horrors, not only amidst the imliscrimanate slaughter of battles, hut in cold blood upon the most innocent ? Committed, my Lord, it is reported and hr 1 ii-\ ed, by the person al command of the Sultan himself, by the command of a rullian, il'the fact he so, who, in assuming the character of magistracy, de bases and hrutifies all human authority, and Syria, to Persia and Tartary—to China —to half of Africa—to all the coasts of the Mediterranean sea, and to a vast extent in British India.” Now, my Lord, if all tiiis lie so, can our duty he questioned, nr call it he denied that all,the zealous professions Si the unremitting exertions of our numerous as sociations for the. propagation of the gospel, which I applaud and honour, and w hich 1 firmly believe, will draw down a blessing up on us, are yet altogether as a drop in the ocean w hen compared with the flood of light w hich would break in over a world of dark ness, if the means within our power were faithfully exerted. We are now, my Lord, arrived nb the main, object of my letter—viz. the protection w hich in wise policy, we ought to afford at litis moment to the Greeks, and it lies in the narrowest compass. Although I can never subscribe to the doctrine of legitimate sovereignty against the universal wilt of[any people, over whom it is I laimed to he exercised, yet lliefr is the greatest difference bet ween a revolt again . m civil government whether originating in compact or by ordinary conquest, and u , c sistance to the impious dominion of the Mr hoincdatt conquerors, when maintained and supported, as it is by inhuman oppressions at Variance with all Ihe establishments of civiliz ed men. This indeed, strictly speaking, embraces the only principle of foreign interference.— There is no more Inundation for making war against a people because they believe in Mahomet than if they were the most faith ful believers in Christ.—It is their casting off all the restraints which characterize Ihe social world, that can alone give a right lo other nations to rontrou! them. I distinctly admitted in the outset, and again repeat the admission, that if the Greeks were subjects of the Porte under an orditta ry conquest, and were governed upon priti eiplcs which tile laws of nations subscribe to or ought to countenance, I should not con sider our interference to he warranted, though, as a free people, we might take an iterestin their cause and lie justified in wish ing them success. My claim for them, there fore, rests upon facts that cannot he denied, and upon reasons which are undeniulde, if the facts lie true. 1 shall assume, with argument, from res pect to your lordship's understanding and knowledge, that the Greeks can by no possi bility (even if it were a desirable event) he brought to the condition of contented sub jects, nor indeed to any pacific relations w liatsnever with their tyrannous oppressors. They have already begun to organize them selves ns a nation; they are, udianting a- midst unexampled dillicnlties to maintain their independence; their successes encou rage perseverance, and with the fortitude and patience of Christians, invoke the God of Battles, in their public proclamations, to support their cause. Such x i-.-i-i ,uu- .... surely no longer he considered ns a mere sedition, which, if left to itself, might termi nate in submission and ctmeiiialinti, and I hav e therefore a, sumerl as a sell evident pro position, that, the Greeks can never more he Hulijrets of tile Ottoman Porte, Tilt } may, without the aid of other powers, he ex terminated or scattered, lint cannot again return to a stales of subjection and peace. The question, therefore, of action or inac tion, comes directly home to us; it calls loudly and imperim,sly upon your Lordship as the first political member of the calm e|, for immediate derision.— Are you prepar ed to countenance tilt: continuance of such a frightful state of tilings, with means in your hands to avert it ? But be foie I advance fo the manifest ad vantages w hich would follow from the inde pendence of the Greeks, it established by our assistance, nn«!.111.‘ ca-M.* with which it might accomplished, thru* is une lira rich of thrir them inhabit, and therefore one of them that it would become us to withdraw our must he dispossessed of territory to some ambassador from Constantinople, and to- re extent or other, because they cannot remain ject surli a banditti as our allies. The King ogether, except in a slate of such murderous, of Great Britain ought not to he styled tin- interminable hostility us ought to lie coti-i- Brother of the Sultan, w hilst the desolation dri ed a public nuisance to nil mankind.—On of Sc,o and the butchery of the hostages are which sido then, my Lord, does justice lie, unutuned for, These authorized murders when, after the possession of anete'nt Greece «>e tint the acts of a civilized nation. “The by such means, it has been so shockingly voice of their blood,” like that of the first abused as not to be protected by any princi- victim of violence, “cries unto God out of the plus or precedents which public law lias ever ground,” and the judgement of God ought to adopted or can righteously adopt ? •»' example to Hie nations who worship The freehold of lint Greeks, if I may so him. “ Let them be fugitives and vagabonds describe the possessions of that ancient upon the earth." nation, comprehend 'Thrace, Macedonia, It lias been Ihe continuance, my Lord, of Thessaly, Epirus, Acltaia, Pelopuoneso-, supporting the < Ulomao Porte us a legitimate and Nrgropout, Lc. file. w ith mo-t of the sovereignty, that has been the patent of so islands in the Arelii.selago.the Ionian Islands many wrongs, 1 do not know, indeed, how amongst the number, lin y being sometimes 1 1 ran better illustrate the baseness of such rnlli d Ionium ori that account. They were an allianeu, titan by reminding your Lord masters ol flic celebrated cities, with their ship, that the manner in w .iich l had written districts, ol Athens, Spat la, Thebes, Cm iuih, of uud concerning the Grand m tg i»r, and and Myrujuc, gt-e. and were a most relined of and tom eruimi Iris nmrdv-inns divan, (lie . ' tubnnd psi.p,... V iassical learning, b' ii.g an »lly of tv.eat ISnliun.) is a iniMlr -o | i tly encouraged in all coimlri. s as in- '»<« punishable by tudu liiie.it ; Mini dispensable, derives its principal sources accordingly, when the Emperni Paul ol fro , their sublime supciiority in poetry and Bt.ssi. had pqhlis .ed an uka-c, though ol eloquence,which, in the lapse of so many Bio most hostile description to British in- tges, have I no competition ; and even I tere-l- yet, your Lordship may sen m Mr. ,t this hour, to ins| • who i re to lit .• • Hovvi It's State Trials, that a severe anitnad- .ift.rus, with tin-most exalted sent! its,' that emperor was held lobe bringing imperial sway and sovereignty inir otter abhorrence and contempt. Yet, O shame ! this infamous barbarian at the head of barbarians equally infamous, continues, to be the scourge of the fairest portion of once Christian Europe, becnu.se. Christian Europe, in the meridian of its power and ri vitization, sleeps over its duties and betrays its trust! Nothing, indeed, is more surprising than to look back tu Ihe earliest periods of our history, and to contrast them w ith the times we live in—When we were but a small is land oil the margin of the world, without power u( resources beyond our own shores, ll„v.e, too, vary limited, arid without any commanding influence over distant nations, then also in their infancies, yet our subjects then, with their king at their head, went fortli with chivalrous hut ill directed piety to deliver the. IIoily Land even from the pollution of being trodden by the steps of in fidels, and sacrificed our treasure and our blood by expeditions rash in the extreme, being accompanied with no adequate force. Yet now that we have extended our domin ion to ihe very ends of the earth, spreading the light of thu Gospel in our glorious paths, and although wo have mne only to raise our commanding voice amongst the nations, yet we shrink hack from the deliverance of this injured people, exposing ourselves to the hazard of future wars, by preferring the false security of neutrality even in so just and sacred a cause. It may he said, ray Lord, thatl am preach ing a crusade litter lor Ihe limes of Richard j Cceur de Lion and his barons, than that ol j George the Fourth and his parliament in toe ' liJth century ; hut the difference is obvious. The justice of God cannot exact from his creatures what He has not given them strength to perform, and as a thousand years is hut as one day in lire fulfilment ol divine dispensations, we ought not irreve rently to complain of the greatest evils un til human means have been bestowed for their removal. It is then, and not till then, that the duty of exertion begins, a period so manifestly arrived, that all Christendom is called upon tn stand forth ; and ills binding upon ns above all other nations tn take tiie lead. I maintain that our not exerting ourselves to deliver the Greeks from the tyrannous do minion which so grievously oppresses them, is not only the breach of a moral duly, but a derelection of the sacred object of spreading the Gospel, so zealously and, I ; Majesty mi the subject, believe, so sincerely promoted throughout ! ago, did not limit Ills vev with contempt of daugr. and the acred lo of their country, w make them stoop at their desks, in their earliest years, over the histories of their illustrious fort-fat iters, iu periods when the u blest of our own vv, re in the woods. Tiie clhim, llicietorc, o’ lhe Greeks, with the aid of all Cliristiu ,1 ■•m, lo a fri .■ and undisturbed territory . commt nsu- rate at least with their population, is Hu ri. ares! in human ........Is, whil i the dt min ion of the Turks, who iverpowei arid >p press them, is the most audacious usurp.i timi. They began,extendi d,and c.onplei d their ravag.a: under (lie mask ol i kb I; Lord Kenyon, who presided upon Inal, having instructed the Jury tint it was their duty to convict the printer, as the Em peror Haul was our ally, and, after all the exertion, 3 1 t nuld make for hint, lie was ' virt d. Now let me suppose that such an -1t.in-lit were to lie prelensed against my "uthst er, or mj elf, at the instance of the •rsi.-!) inhiosador at our court, for a !il>. i p..;i I. - aster. 1 do ot see how any judge i, \V. '-.ii.u-.ter Hall could direct a jury iii!’.'., nly from that able lawyer and g, at ju '.ii*. I have refcired tu ; but where e.uld lief uad. in tii rase bfore us, (sinei mpiouslv pre ending tu a commission from’ the libel act,) a jury who would fallow such a I remain neutral, Heaven for the desolation of he earth. direction ? must probably, tm when ; mid a \ themselces. by to express my abhorrence of compre hending tiiis c ountry in such an odious com bination, and 1 am confidant that the great mass of the British people w ill join me in my protest. My alat in as to the future, my Lord, is justified by what is past. The conduct of Russia is quite inexplicable upon any other ground than that she lias been re cently at leusl acting in concert with the con tinental po wers, and ourselves perhaps aloug with them, had taken no step- lor any esta blishment for the Grepks, not Were prepar ing to provide for them any security what soever. Russia, my Lord, in the early part of the spring collected an immense army, and as toe He'll sun advance- ! marched large divi sion-of it in the dir, ..ion of the Turkish hontier : yet, although tiie atrocities multi plied every hour, and with uceiimvlatcd Inn l orn, she took no step to prevent them, and although : lie Knew that the Gree ks were in unm for He.-ie- *itdt-jte,\dt-nt'e, need king . gli . tou struf 1 agait it . iie-ir op pressors, she [U’oce-e ded no fat tiler, hut pub- lid,eel an ultimalum must inadequate to then protection or support. Since how could the evacuation ol Moldavia and AVal- lachia put a stop lo the hat barous oqltages on the unhappy Greeks, then at their por tentous height ? and vhut demand for their hei i fit could he more usele ss than that of n building the churches which had been de- niulishvd : since what defenceless Christian, unless he aspired tn Ihe fame of a martyr, would venture to se t font in any oim eif ttie-iii when rebuilt? I may he mistaken, my Lord, hut 1 think i see piedumiiiunru of the Holy Alliance in this retrograde pro ceeding : that tiie Emperor resolved to sa crifice his personal ambition, tempted as ho was to the gratification of it, and th <t when the confederates continued to consider Tur key as a legitimate government which me diated no reformation, tin v (let, rmineu to to leave the Greeks to In such a ease, ill) Lord, llai e not nations a right, and is it not (heir duty to overtlnow the spoiler, (if he resists just acc nnmodati on,) and restore possession to tiie oppres sed ? There are limits, however, to (lie exercise of this right. We should nor even warrant'd to set satle, ir.vol\iug counti ies, when just happil, returning to a ststa of peace—I should he among the first to expre-s my dissent to sut'h a project. All th it I ask of the B. itisli government thro’ yrntr Lords dp. is an in stant. faithJhl and strenuous exertion, to en gage our allies in this great cause of hum uni ty and justice, w tliotit giving rise (ns I us diet f acquittal on surh a prosecution uouid oiily remain 'i;>c*n record ’d a judge- tn«i t of ill* u :!um H^-dust t!*s governim-d, fur a \q ting such ■■ sultan lor our ally. My oivn <>; :n;o:i undoubtedly is, always has been, and ever must conti nue, though J .ither he hound j '-ave not pressed it upon your Lordship, nor foot a rash cru- 1 mean to press it, that the Turk- should he lliru-t forth’at once from Europe by its uni ted force, ij it can be obtained, and in effec ting this 1 should not think it necessary lo consult tile Duke t.f Wellington, as the gi at est man for conducting an army that e - < . existed among us, or 1 believe ever will; I ■lieuld lather confide >he matter to some long pr eti-.'d diplomatist, with the ..ssis- s'trl it could not) to any probable or rather | •' lawyer to draw up the notice lo ,ptit. possible contest which could derive the Tins is no figure, my Lord,—since what mime of war. possible resistance could Turkey make, ,! It cannot lie questioned, by thus taking the Europe could settle lo whom possession id for the deJiverat.ee of the Greeks, we should he dehvered? this whole empire, and which I have al dy expressed, and now repeat, my firm he ll, f that you are yourself anxious to accom plish. You cannot hut know, my Lord, that Christianity, reviled, trampled, upon, and. at last, blotted nut from so vast an extent of territory, had not only, as I have already observed, its original seat within the first shades of this disastrous eclipse, hut was spreading itself over immense regions on every side ; and if the savage atroritit s of the Turks were efl'eeloally controlled, anti a well arranged establishment of tiie Giecks were duly protected, the Christian religion, and a civilized government worthy of it, might in time Ini brought to flourish toge ther, extending their influence ali around.— The extent of country through which the Christian scriptures might then, by degrees, he circulated and understood, may lie judged of by Mr. Marlyii’a observations on Hu new edition of the i’oivglot k tely published, or still publishing, under the. patronage, of the venerable and excellent Bishop of Durham: In sufferings that cannot tint very deeply affect u-: sufferings iuseparable.from then present condition, and from which we cannot hut feel the most anxious wishes for their deli verance— i allude to the peculiar enoiiiiit.es which attend the system of slavery amidst the exasperations ol this cruel watl'are ; and a-, in the religious view of the subject, 1 maintained that all our national exertions for the progress of the gospel were only a- a drop in t.,e ocean, when compared with the light of it extinguished by the delusive dominion of the Turks, so 1 assert that the Negro Slave Trade was noliiiog tu toe scale of misciy and debasement -guest the bor tors which, during this sanguinary contest, must continue for ever. When we abolished tlio African Slave Trade by net of parliament, it could, in Strictness, only apply to prohibit that traffic by our men subjects ; hut did wo stop .lit re on that account ? Did we consider out duty could tint, extend beyond our own jurisdic tion, as the utmost limit of positive law?— No, toy Lord, to our immortal honour we did not ; on the cootraty, we have ever since been exerting nut-rive-, with oilier nations, tn extinguish it throughout Ihe'world ; and that able and excellent man Lord Laris- downe, when he moved an address to his ly a few weeks o the promotion lead for Ihe deli i erance of the Greeks, .-ifoulit l.iy tlir. f...inti,>tii,n of mu endless gra titude, he advantaged by their returning power ii commerce, whilst we, were snatch ing from the desert the most fertile provin ecs, and redeeming from abject slavery and contagious pestilence, the noblest people ot the ancient world. lint it i- objected that the Greeks are not less savagely cruel than the Turks. I w tt.t. NOT IIK.AR si cii a ctutu.r. The gentlest animals w hich I’rm idence has subjected to ns, patient of labor, and licking the benevo lent hand that feeds t non, when maddened with terror and goaded by barbarous op pres, ion, will change on a sodden all the chat actciistirs of their original natures, and overthrow every thing iu their course. To judge of wlntl the Greeks, under good go vern .rent, are capable of being, we have on ly to look hack to what they have Inin.— Their pedigree, in which we can trace so many gri at men, who never should Imre di ed, ought toprot.i t them IVioi) tile S.na celles, win. e.nmol slum in all tin ir escutch- n single mein who should have lived. Will then may we exclaim tn snell mis- 1 city, yet, they liny he reants, in the language of Milton— j of Salamis, directly » They who are disposed to consider the a- Imtement of this nuisance as an undertaking of great expense, difficulty and danger, can not have sufficiently considered the progress which the Greeks though unassisted, have already tti.uli, and are hourly making, to vs- tahli-h their own independence, nor with how little assistance it might he pit ted. The only use indeed ol an immediately de cisive force, would he to prevent, in the in terval, such an afflicting effusion of blond — Whoever is at all acquainted with naval af fairs, must he astonished at the courage and skill with which their infant navies have hteu conducted, and particularly with the art and boldness of grappling as they did so lately tile immense ship of the Turkish I’aslia, and accomplished its destruction. The very local situations of their conflicts, and the remembrance of the amient deeds of the same people, is with me a kind of prog uustic of success. Tin y are now, I believe, in the citadel, as it is called, of Athens, and although it must he a position of no strength in the fallen condition of that once rtmow ned ted by Hie sight gainst then), and Lift not iltyspeuragHiiisl the Muses' bower— ’ Bicir sailors my he told how Themistueles. of amicable arrangeiinmts with friendly states, but even extended them tn tile consi deration of compelling, by t he common con sent of those governments that had aban doned it, any others w hich should continue to give it sanction and support. By this introduction of slavery, ns a Tim great (Kinutliiaii conquertu'tlal 'pare file house ol Pamlani.-, when temple in tower \t mil to tlm ground." But altliu’ l have thus endeavored, against my most predominant, feelings, to expel from my indignant view, cruelties hy whom soever romnihtcd, and, in protection nf tm- l«u"limit.- Greeks, Inne covered them with the ', H » hit'll , tir itnpt rfect natures entitle d me to throw over them—yet let it he re membered, that what I have written con fer ing them, applit s only to unpremeditat ed inhumanity, such a-, when hunted like wild beasts, they have turned upon their pursuers, hut that barbarous re.taiiations can receive no pardon if condoned when they are contending as a nation for their religion and freedom. ] rejoice that they are ad- vanred lo that condition, that they are mar shalling armies, that limy are laying the foundations of a civil government, arid I feel confident that they will henceforth remem ber that they are soldiers, and ehristiaos. That our influence could fail, if faithfully exerted, I cannot bring my mind to believe. I might ask those who were the warmest ad vocates for the war, and who hold the high est it happy lermini tion, and the eminence on whit h it has placed us, what they would think if it could he doubted, that if we spok the word we should he obeyed. The mi- fortune is, my Lord, that we did not speak it \at a time when many of the enormities t.y tms lutmUMciion ot slave., y. as a s. pa- , u haV) . Illl( , n ,,| ac ,. ( tmd f( „. B U , I1R tim , rate consul,ur inn, 1 have no, (strictly spn.k- | mlM f«.|| ow , might have been averted, and ing) digressed li'om Ilia subject ol my Lot- fpilr WP llliiv wull . ^ nlM j c r great fin as it is one of the most prominent and afflicting evils which has grown out of this disastrous conflict. I have besides not in troduced it as in itself a justification of hos tility to the Porte, hut only to interest our feelings in tile more extensive performance of a duty which rests upon other circum stances connected with our own character and safely. Assistance and protection cannot he given to the Greeks in the same manner as if they were distant provinces contending for irtde rrassment in holding a different course.— i am convinced that it has been cntiri ly owing to the system which tile governments of Europe have too long been pursuing, that the great work of humanity and justice has not long ago been complete, and the only difficulty i can fore-ee to its instant accum- plishmetit is that, perhaps, vve ourselves must retrace pome of our steps in taking the lead to give it effect. Our alliance with lie Porte ought to have been long ago removed nut of thu way, as being unworthy of the pendeuee, which might he even beneficially I British government anti people ; and vvith- Mtceeasftil in the end to the parent atate, (if j out contending that vve .should al once have Turkey ought to hu so described,) and ,v ith- n ni< d by hostility their monstrous iniqtii- out affecting her main possession ; but the J ties, yet, if not a man ir, England were pi \Yc will preach hy it,” he says, to Arab® I contention here is for ihe soil which both oJ"< pared to second toy opinion, 1 should assert vvitli a most insignificant force, drew the memorable fleet ol Xerxes into a narrow sea, w hi le liis large ships could lint he conduct ed, and utterly deal toyed them; a fleet, which, according to tiie historian, was tire greatest then known in the history of man kind. yet hy such inadequate means over thrown.—“ .Yam pari mudo apud Salamina parvo ntimeru mil ium maxima post hominum manor tain cl issis esl devicla.” Marathon also is now directly within their view, only ten miles before them, where Miltindes, instead of intrenching himself be hind walls now in the dust, combatted on the open plain with the captain of Darius, and with tally a handful of Athenians, the fa tlier.s of ihe present Greeks, obtained that im mortal victory over an hundred thousand men. (jua Eugnu, nulla enim unquani tain exigua mantis tantas opes prostravit. Signal successes in war, under distinguish ed commander?, areas likely to overthrow the barbarians of the present day as the bar barians of former times, and the rather, be cause examples have such a powerful influ ence on all the exertions of mankind. My ohsevatioris, my Lord, upon this afflic ting suhjn t, are d; uv ing facts to their close. It lias been for some time no secret that a Congress is to he held upon the continent, . where the subject of the Greek? cannot hut come under consideration, and that vve are to he represented at it by some minister of state, it was this which determined me, without a moment’s delay, to write and to publish this letter because it would have been too late tu make any useful appeal to your Lordship or the public, after vve had taken our pall, and perhaps concurred in measules which i could then only usilcssly dissent ft oin. If this congress of sovereign! and their minister-, is only to have for its object the renewed support of principles arid projects already Hut notorious, and if, to avoid'any incongruity or departure from the system, hitherto acted upon, Turkey is to lie suncli intininitsly upheld as a legih'n ale sovereignly, and Ihe Greeks are to be sacrificed, or in any manner com promised on lh> ground llwt they are the subjects of the Porte and bound ti,j their allegiance, though against their u.licer- sc.l will to obedience aud^wee, I desire lure In off'ring my opinions to your Lordship though th,- press, whilst Rat’hani i,: i? not e I have only slated the principles on "'Inch 1 think vve mould act I ,t have not presumed to thni't tny-e'f into the public councils by snggt tie - th, I: test Cillr-e to he pursued fofgivi ig tl tn t n uv t di ii t- hle effect-—I have nut ill’ ans even if my judgment were aqual tn the ,1. fi iuti. of .iM'ortatnh.g the most fav orable or elliran tis oi' <h- of seconding the noble effoits of the Greeks fur libcity and life. An immediate inv asion hy a combintd force for the ex pulsion of the Turks from Europe, might be attended with difficulties which 1 cannot correctly estimate, and which, in the un- niediate consequences of that tengi.iiiary conflict, might he injurious to tire gieat 1 hjcct of bloodless liberation ; hut wluit I firmly mail tain to he q ite indispensable, is to compel a total renunciation by th. Turks 'fall dominion over the Greeks as svlj els, anil to guarantee their independence by ull the nations which should engage in their sup port: mill such extent of territory as might be thought just, considering their growing population and their former condition, which has been overthrown. A billing short of this (it it can he brought about by our command ing council?) can deliver our country from universal reproach, nor secure us against consequences which r ight he fatal in Ihe end to the best interests of our country, which I hasten in a v,-ry few sentences to explain.— It is not at all my wish, us will be seen presently, to endanger the peace of Eu- tope, hy Russian aggrandizement, hut, on the contrary, to prevent its possibility here after by tin means 1 have recommended. If the Greeks, to some extent nr other, are not now satisfactorily and securely es tablished with the general concurrence of the nations of Europe, can we depend, n.y Lord, that Russia will for erer abandon t te favorite and popular policy of hei iim.ireP and if, sooner nr later, hr r pi t sent emperor, or some mole atultiliotis sot 11 -sor (,-v, u un der a compromise with the Gift ks win n u- handoned hy all oilier government::,) should place himself upon the throne of I'onstanti- nopie. w ..at possible objection could vv, the n raise lo the termination of so many calami ties, Sc how miserably lit'l;'less we should then he, if, alarmed l.y his station in the Mediter ranean, vvr should attempt to resist i- ! The armies of Europe, if vv, could combine them lor our assistance, would only ire a r.at ionai curse,since the money must mine from us, as where else could it he found ? instead of thinking this a vain speculation, I consider it as very likely to take place.— The Emperor of Russia is the head of the Greek church, and will always have suffici ent provocations to justify hostilities against the Porte—and altho' lie has been obviously entangled at present with the views of other gov ernmenls, andperhetps out maneruvred by their combination, x rt I can »'e no security for this forbearance in all future times—be cause whatever may he his own opinions or resolutions, it should he remembered that he is not a despotic Sown ign. nrd that the deep-rooted policy rt gardiegTurky is hy no means a matter of indifferent', throughout his empire. It cannot In- expected that he " ill disband his at my, and it may l.e found both difficult and dangerous to keep on foot nearly a million of men in arms, without a- tiy objects for tin ir serv ice—more especially alter the dereliction of a favorite project, in notorious opposition to the interest of liis highest subjects fic the long indulged wishes ol immense masses of |.is people—I cannot, then lore, figure to n.y-elf a more probable nor a more dangerous event for the prospo lily of this country, than Constantinople be en t ..ing the maritime capital nf the Russian empire, an t vent w hich would lie the more grievous anti intolerably from the ease hy vv hieh it .slight have been averted. There is yet another contingency slid more probable, which we should do well al so to take into the account. Those immense provinces, now part of Turky in Europe, capable of Mich mighty improvements, as, perhaps, to become too important, if Russia were singly to seize them, for other powers to agree, without contest, to their occupati on, might, as has happened in other ejuaitcis, become subjects of partition, whilst tiie Greeks, who would have been entirelyde voted tu us if duly protected, may become