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SOUTHERN VOL. IV. M1LLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, MARCH 25, 1823. 'i?. " ’ "A fli .i.mv, No. 7. p i; u r.IS 11E l> W E EKI.Y, nr5. Gll.VfTLA.YDtt R.M. ORME, .(On Hancock st. between VV'ayne k. Jefferson,) J.TTHUEK DOLLARS, IN AD VANCE, OR KOUR DOLLARS AT THE EXVI K ATI ON O T THE TEAR. (□* Advertisements conspicuously inserted at th8 customary rates. Letters on business, in all muM ho ro*T imih. [\b\ A\3TVU)IUT\.] frnm.tr acts.'] AN ACT in addition *0 “ An act, to continue in force < an net, to protect the commerce of the U- nited States, and punish the crime of piracy,’ and, also, to make further provision for pun- (siting the crime of piracy " He it enacted by the Senate and House, of Jlepnsentatives 'if I he United States of Amer- ica in Congress assembled, That the first, se cond, third, and fourth sections of an act, en titled “ An act to protect the commerce of tin; United States, and punish the crime of piracy,” passed on the *Jd day oi March, in the year of our Lord, 1810, ho, and the same are hereby, continued in force, ill all res pects, as fully as if the said sections had been enacted without limitation, in the said act, or in the act to which this Is an addition, and which tv as passed on the 15th day of May, in the. year of our Lord, 1020. Washington, Jan. 80. 1828—Approved. JAMES MONROE. AN ACT to divide the State of South Caroli na into two Judicial Districts. Tie tf enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Ame rica in Congress assembled, That the State of South Carolina he, and the same is here by, divided into two districts, in manner fol lowing, that is to say : the districts of Lan caster, Chester, York, Union, Spartanburg, Greenville, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgefield, Ivewbury, Laurens,and Fairfield, shall com pose one District, to be called the Western District; and the residue of the State shall form one other District, to lie called the Eastern District. And the terms of the said District Court, for the Eastern District, shall be held in Charleston, at such itiiw. .hey are now by law directed to he holden. And for the trial of all such criminal and mil causes, as are by law cognizable in the Dis trict Courts of the United States, which may hereafter arise nr be prosecuted, or tuial, within the said Western District, there shall he one annual session of tin* said Dis trict Court holden at Laurens Court House, to begin on the second Monday in May in each year, to he holden by the District Judge of tile United States of the State of (South Carolina; and he is hereby autho rized and directed to hold such other special sessions as may ba necessary for the dis patch of the causes in the said Court, at Bitch time or times as he may deem expedi ent, and may adjourn such special sessions to any other time previous to a stated session. • 7 PHILir l*. BARBOUR, Sneaker of the House of Representatives. 1 JOHN GAII.LARD, President of the Senate, prn-tcinporc. **•*».'*». ACT to revive, end continue in force, cer tain acts for the adjustment of land claims, in the Territory of Michigan. He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Unitat States of Atntr- <ica in Congress assembled, That the act, en titled “ An act, to revive the powers of the Commissioners for ascertaining and derid ing on claims to land in the district of De troit, and for settling the claims to land at Green Bay, and Prairie du Chien, in the Territory of Michigan,” approved May the lllli, 1C JO, shall he, and the same is hereby revived, and shall continue in hirer until the lirst day of November next—and it shall he the duty of the said commissioners, as soon thereafter as may he, to forward their report, as is required by the second section of said act, to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be by him laid before Congress at its next ses sion. Sec. S. And be it further enacted, That the Second section of the act, entitled “ An act to authorize the granting of patents fur land, according to the surveys that have been made, and to grant donation rights to certain claimants of land in the district of Detroit, and for other purposes,” approved April 23d, Jl! 12, shall lie so construed as to embrace it!! persons w ho have claims confirmed below Milk River Point, at the lower end of Lake St. Clair. Sec. 8. And he it further enacted. That pa tents shall, and they are hereby directed to, he issued, in the mode, pointed out by law to land, heretofore, and now, reserved by the United States for public uses. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That, wherever it shull appear to the said Com missioners that any claimant to land or a town or village lot, at Green Bay or Prairie du Chien, cannot establish his, her, or their, claim to the same, in consequence of his, her, or their removal therefrom by any of ficer of the United States’ army, it shall be the duty of the said Commissioners to issue a certificate to such person or persons, for any tract of land, or village lot, which may have been occupied by him, her, or them, after such removal, not exceeding, in quan tity, that originally claimed ; on which cer tificates patents shall issue, as in other cases; which claims shull be, in all other respects, subject to the restrictions and provisions of the third section oftliisnet. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That every person, who, on the first day of July, one thousand eight hundred mid twelve, was a resident of Green Bay, Prairie du Chien, or within (lie county Michilimackinaw, and who, on the said day, occupied and culti vated, or occupied a tract of land which had previously been cultivated, by said occupant, lying, within either of said settlements, and who had continued to submit to the authority of the United States, or to the legal repre sentatives of every such person, shall he con firmed in the tract so occupied and cultivat ed ; and the said Commissioners, in adjudi cating on claims to land embraced by this act, are authorized to take into their conside ration the evidence and facts collected and reported to them by tile Agents of the Uni ted States, pursuant to the provisions of the act of the eleventh of May, one thousand eight hundred and twenty, as well as such other and further evidence and testimony as may or shall he exhibited before them by the claimants, to support their claims : And the Register of the Land Office at Detroit is un authorized and required to receive and re cord all notices and claims to lands provided for by this act, and which shall he exhibited to him on or before the first day of October next : Provided however, That no person shall be confirmed in a greater quantity than six hundred and forty acres ; no shall any tract, so confirmed, exceed eighty arpents from front to rear; and it shall he tile duty of the Surveyor General of the United States, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, to cause the land confirm ed by this act to he surveyed, at the expense of the claimants, respectively, pints of which shall he returned, as in other eases, and pa tents thereof shall be granted to the seve ral claimants, in the manner prescribed by law. Sec. 6. And be. it further enacted, That (lie Seelrif th.. "Preowiry shall he, and he is hereby, authorized to alTow to » mer agent, and to each of the persons whose duty it. is made to carry this law into effect, such sum, in addition to the sum allowed by the first recited act, as he may deem just and reasonable. Washington, Feb. 21, 1828: Approved. without principles, without schools, and a I most without legislative patronage. Mil lions are annually expended for the protr - tion of our national commerce. Our ma nufactures receive a bouuty, in some cases extravagantly high, by tint imposition ol duties upon foreign goods, But our agri culture is left to struggle ("or ilself, against the corn laws of Europe, unprotected and unnoticed. Agriculture, says an emiient statesman, may he regarded as the hreatss from which the state derives support aid nourishment. Commerce, the arts, literature, manufac tures, and the refinements ofsocial lif* .nay, the principles of civ il liberty, depend mete- rinlly for advancement upon fin- progress of agricultural improvement. “Britain,” says a late writer, “ has hitherto matched any part of the world, in a knowledge of the arts, and in the practice of trade and mann facturcs. The origin of that knowledge, and the source of those practices,” he con tinues, “ may, in a great measure be traced to the improvement of agriculture. This art forms the basis, or foundation, on which all olliers are reared ; and as it is more per fect in Britain than in other countries, com merce and manufactures have risen in pro portinnal excellence.” To show the go verning influence of agriculture, upon tin moral and political condition of society, we have hut to turn our eyes to Europe. The Campania of Rome, which once was a gar den, and boasted of more than twenty cities, is now a noisome waste ; and the character of its few inhabitants has degenerated, as its agriculture lias declined. Sicily, once the granary of imperial Rome, line, like, its mistress, become unproductive, effeminate, and debased. And yet, the soil of both the Campania, and of Sicily, are celebrated for tlu-ir fertility. Look to Spain, to Portugal and to European Tin key. Why have com merce, the arts and learning, languished in those countries for centuries ? Because ag riculture, their nursing mother, has been ne glected and degraded. If, then, agriculture is the fountain from whose abundant streams every portion of our country is watered and enriched,—how important is it that we should watch over it with paternal care—that we should dis seminate its improvements, and endeavour to multiply its blessings ;—that wo should elevate it to the rank of a liberal and fash ionable study, and call in the aid of science and of approved experience, to enlarge the sphere of its usefulness. To effect these desirable ends, your committee respectfully recommend, that a law he passed for estab lishing a school of agriculture, for the edu- ation of our young men in the practice and theory of husbandry. We may he told, that we are venturing on precedent to guide ns—and, that did schools of agriculture promise important benefits to a state, they would long since have been multiplied in other countries. It should In- home in mind, that the inducements to dis seminate know li dge among the agricultural The establishment nf M. de l-'ellenhei gli, I (lie enliglilein-il precepts of the I'm mer, is may lie arranged under the following heads: 1. A pattern farm, designed to serve as n model. This exhibits “ the principle and the application of all that has been found advantageous, and at the same lime the most accurate practical details.” 2. An experimental farm, designed to ad vance the progress of tile science and the generally enslaved to ancient modes, how ever erroneous, or at best hot so lardy nml pm tin I in adopting salutary changes. In no instance, pel haps,” he adds, “is habit more unyielding, or irrational practices more pre valent, than among those who cultivate the earth. And this is the more to lie lamented, as Hgijculturc is still so far below the attain- irt—to assist the labors of the pattern farm, mi nts to which it may fairly aspire.” and to give exercise and instruction to the pupils. 3. A manufactory of implements of hus bandry of the most approved models, for the use of the school, and for sale, under the care of a skilful mechaniran. 4. A school of industry for the poor.— Your committee beg leave to suggest some of the many advantages which are like ly to grow out of the establishment of an a- gricnltural sliool in this state. Amt, First, to its agriculture. This school will collect the best systems, and most recent improvements in husbandry, from Europe 'I he hoys belonging to this school, taken and America—analyze them,—adapt them from the most indigent classes, are gratui- to our c limate, our soils, our productions, tuusly instructed by n competent master, I and our wants;—demonstrate their utility in who is constantly with them. They are j practice, and disseminate a knowledge of kept by themselves,—receive a good educa- them into every part of the state. The {ion, and are taught agriculture and some! Hnfwyl farm will serve to illustrate the ex- iicchanir art, in shops attached to the os-1 tent of these advantages. Mr. Brougham .ablishment, where most of the useful trades | visited tiiis in 11)16, and inquired minutely ire carried on. into its details. Two years afterwards, he 5. A hoarding school for the children of spoke in iigh commendation of it in a report tfiliience, who aic sent thither from the Ger-j w hich lie made to the Btitish Parliament, nan states, as well as from the neighboring! upon the subject of education. The whole lantons. The. very complete education I establishment he says, comprises hut 214 vliirh these receive, under the eye and in j acres; and the average animal profit nf tin tic house of the principal, terminates with pattern farm alone, ior a period of 4 years, i course in the agricultural institute—at | he found to lie £a#0 sterling,or about,S t,000 tile same time, it forms pupils \vho curry exclusive of the cattle concern, which wa in their abodes the theoretical and practical knowledge which they have acquired. 6. An institute of agriculture, theoretical and practical. This school, which was established about! "f which shall he noticed in abstract. Tile 16 years ago, lias attracted much attention first comparison is made on a nfixed, orgraz- on the continent, and has served as a model ing. breeding and tillage farm, of 314 acre-, for others, particularly in Hungary and Bn- io York. Under the old sistem, the net hernia. The Emperor Alexander caused a j profits amounted to .C3I8 tils, and tindei detailed account of it to be presented to him I the in w system, the s»m l—.i - ,---ix.ji _. ... • in 1814. He was so well pleased with its | profit ol £506, making a difference of £'~it. : plan and management, that he compliment-1 or nearly too per cent, in favor of tin new ed its founder with an order of knighthood. I system ol husbandry. The second easi is It is from the report alluded to, that the pi e-[ that of a tillage farm, of 189 acres, in Lin Horliculturc would be improved, and us be nefits extended by Ibis school. A km wb-ilged of grafting, iuooulnting, transplanting ui prun ing fruit trees,—of the best varieties of fruit, and of culinary vegetables and their manage ment are useful qualifications to almost eveiy man in tlie community, and admirii.ter lo Ins profit us well as to Iris comfort. Secondly. To commerce and manufactures, the benefits of this school will be in the ratio of lliu increased products and profits of agri culture Commerce and manufactures pros per or languish, ns the harvest is abundant or scanty. Take the husbandman from ihe soil, and they perish. Multiply his products, and they tlirivo Thirdly A school of agriculture will im prove the morals of society. Industry is tho best preventive of vice, nnd the surest promo ter of virtue. This school w il! promote indus try, not only on account, of tin- pecuniary re wards which il will hold out from the desire oil juimirntde distinction which il will cherTsli.-r The stud -nts will carry with them to their df parsed homes, constitutions luudcncd by/ salutary Influence of field labor,—mind/, rich: d and invigorated Ov useful knowF * and familiar with the best systems of l/ a s 'o- dry ;—habits of reflection, of industry,'”. in brieiy ;—and a laudable ambition to /f ’ , 8 a business, in which private gain ' public good. The more consilient-*. * >e c ample, whether of industry or of/" , 1 of virtue or of vice, the more exc” sl ' e . ,s • Alienee. The greatest siimujrf 10 , slm / application, which cm be '"I" in ” if cn- will he ample setyeor its indulgence. H en dowed with an ordnary capacity, tins sen > will confer upon tie pupil advantage- \\ i 1 - innot fail to rendd' him conspicuous m 1 ‘ kept separate. We arc furnished in Re Cyelopmdia, with numerous statements, lit inonstrating the superiority of the new nvt the oltl system of husbandry—two nr Hire •it" lMmi|MO Will . diistry and improwinent to tb® uirclc nn- him ; and the splere of its .influence v» constantly enlarging. By raising the c,a,a tor of agriculture, and clashing it among 1 liberal and learned ^uu Unuu~'u/us't- l'ulntiss. who would otherwise ckc out li\es »f indolence and vice. The professions arc over stocked Mai y who have been educated in them, are resorting to nerindture, ill qua. •*u as ! hey are, for a subsistence. Others »\ Id follow their example, did not lethargy, e pride, or the wnnt of knowledge or capiDd*. in terpose serious obstacle?. How fortunate \v< . d it have been for these, had they been nurtured in a school of agriculture. Instead of b* ing burdens to their friends, ami li*cc!ic» in S ’ C| * ety, they might have been public b* nofucor»i and blessings to theii fnmilic>. Hint system uf which had been 'quadnipl. d in a short j creased gain of more than 1100 per cent, m " 0 'expect a fortli’rieJ'wMhout iuwil- tnne by hisjiulicii.il. management. The , favor ol the latter- J he medium pi off "J | ^ ri|{ j7, 1o ,| lem n «in R le quality wliicL can |»re- same traveller enumerates eight schools, up i :,n tillage, iri hnglanu, is stated t serv^c c >r acquire one. on the Hnfwyl plan, w hicli had been cstah- f om 57 to 36 dollars per annum. j Fourthly, A school of agriculture will lend lished by the government or by individuals \\ e need not resort tt> Kurope for e* id cnee i to uugtnent tho revenues of the.»iatc. lbfc in- of the disparity which exists between tin crwe j l0 p s upon the extensive lines of our old and new systems of husbandry. Every ' caim | s , consultant upon the iucreage of the day’s observation affords proof in our own ! products of agriculture, \vi in a f* w years re- practice. Why does the county of D'-eli | mu aerate the treasury, in t*:u opinion ot your outstrip her neighbors in fertility U wealth? | committee, for every expense ■ ■' - * --—I-I--I---,/»n 1 lr - i 1*1»11 c.n j , sin ft — *• - I-- l l *« imi. rcsp.M-f. ami huh!- uni it ceding abstract has been principally made. The pupils of the Hnfwyl school are em ployed at high salaries, in various parts of Europe, to supt rintend and direct the labors of agriculture. Dr. Bright, in his recent tra vels in Hungary, saw one of them who had the superintendence of an extensive estat. which lie visited, the products and revenue olnshirc. Under the old system, the profits were £130,—under the new £452—Differ* cnee in favor of tile latter—£322, nr 250 per cent. A third statement exhibits the profits i.f an acre of land, being the medium ot sc vend hundred acres, in Yorkshire, for six years. Under the old system, the profit was Cl 9s fid—under the new, £17 6s 9d, an in in tho Austrian states. In these the course ofstudy generally lasts three y.ars, in which time the pupils are instructed ic natural phi losophy, chemistry, natural history, and ve nule n!alTiims : ,7lii jrVf/li'fi,IftW fiSRf, tho management of fruit and forest trees, and the care of cattle, sheep, swine, and bees. An agricultural school was among the means adopted by Leopold, to ameliorate LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. Report of the Committee on Agriculture. The committee on agriculture respectful ly beg leave to report, in part— That your committee consider the impor tant interests confided to their rare, as re quiring, at all times, the fostering aid and protection of the legislature—as well be cause that agriculture gives employment to five-sixths of our population, as that it im parts life and vigor to every other employ ment in the commonwealth. This duty is rendered the more imperative, at this time, from tile competition we have eanse to ap prehend, even in our own ports, from the agricultural productions of foreign countries. The wheat of the Baltic, and the products of the Irish soil, are already imported into our state. The continental peace has con verted millions of consumers into cultivators of food. Tile consequent depression in the price of iabor, connected with the superior systems of European husbandry, admonish us of the necessity of adopting measures, in time, tu counteract the threatened evil. When we consider that the imports into the United States during the last year, ex ceeded the exports of our own productions, seventeen millions of dollars ; that our specie and public stocks have been with drawn from the country towards meeting the deficit ; and that still nn awful balance is annually accumulating against ns in Eu rope, the. inference is irresistible, that we have to eltonse only between refin m and min. Among the means calculated to effect reform, your committee con-ider the im provement of agriculture, by the iiitrndne tion of improt rdliz profitable systems ot bus. Iiandry—the protection and encouragement of domestic manufactures—and a ligid e- conomy in every department of the govern ment, as holding a pre-eminent rank, and as entitled to the peculiar consideration of this legislatuie. As the former of thrse only, falls within the province of this report, your committee beg leave to explain their views upon this subject at length. Your committee, cannot hut regret (hat so littl lass, are no where so strong as in the Unit- j f he '* } uscany-and that dutch) d States—and that what is deemed saluta 's now among the best cultivated and mosi rv here, may he dang.-rous on the other side productive districts of Europe. of the Atlantic. There, tile few, who con stitute the privileged classes, are the propri- tors of the soil, and ri ly, for the preservati on of their power and their wealth, upon the •omparative. ignorance and depression of the many. Here, those who till, are the iwners of the soil, and the legitimate dep The Emperor Napoleon, among other good deeds, organized and endowed the na tional farm at Altfort. “ Here,” says a gen tleman who resided some years io France, “all the branches of science connected with agriculture, are taught. Chemistry, botany the anatomy of cattle, farriery, with the to her soil, but because her farmers are bet- • dent to the |» ns]u: ter instructed. Why, in passing: thro* our a ! indemnity which no other state pc < .-cs. country, in any direction, do wc see nnt farm f io new \vhith it willI creau io. no twice or thrice as productive as another, I ?8, ‘ ! : ,ld ' ,h f ’t* P0 ‘ "if *"* fo , r , , .j , r . . ’ [ mm iron ol the north, will be extensive ; ana -italics of power—and (he purity and per- j mechanics, and as much of geology ns i~ maneney of our political institutions, arc known, and larm work and domestic econo- based upon their intelligence anil virtue.—In mi. in every branch, and down to the smal- G. Britain, the want of agricultural school- j k st article, are there exhibited and explained. as been supplied, by individual liberality I I* was believed in 1UI0, that this academy and entnrprize. Many of the great land-1 had tended much to enlighten the people of holders, stimulated by :.n efficient national France, on the ueneriil subject of husbandry j —as well by the examples it gave ol new mat'd of agriculture, have become active la borers in tile field of experiment—and by the application of capital and science, liaveim proved the value of their estates from two to tenfold. The rent roll of the (bike estate, in Norfolk, lias in this way been augmented, by its enlightened proprietor, in the, period of to years, from 5,000 to 40,000 pounds oer annum, and other districts in a like pro portion. And the condition of the tenants would be equally improved, hut for the ac cumulating weight of taxes imposed by the government. Few names stand higher, ns public benefactors, that those of Youn Sinclair, Anderson, Marshall, Coke, and I K' by the examples ,, m , . , , . . , . and improved machinery, and the most | miproved machinery, would be an ,m,.or successful objects and modes of culture—as i»!.l!.?!I. n *’_„ U p."..f, i'.'V. .. by sending abroad into tltu provinces, many scientific men, who carried tiieir knowledge with equal natural advantages? This con trast cannot be wholly owing to indigence or to indolence in the unsuccessful cultivator. It proceeds rather from the want of id- tllod— of knowledge. Knowledge is science, and science is only precepts and principles grounded on demonstration. It has been said, tout agriculture is a trad!:, an art, or a sciKRtn. That as a trade, it requires only the exercise of bodily power. That as an art, it employs the un derstanding and the judgment—and that as a science, il comprehends a knowledge of na tural history, of chemistry, &c. so far as these are subservient to ihe improvement of husbandry. We have many who follow the trade, less who practice the art, and but few u ho understand much of the science. The introduction and multiplication of constitute, by their our die '■ nt strength in war h- ! ment. .Mr. Brown, an English writer on husbandry, nnd his estimate has been adopt- d by Sinclair, calculates that a profit of £1,800,000 sterling, per ann,, would result to Great Britain if one half of the grain rais- mosl of these will be abject to to l on their way to the consumer. Fifthly. It remains for your committee lo consider the influence of a school ol agticnl. tu:e upon file political institutions of our coun try. It lias been urged agnh.st tho establish ment of agricultural schools u, F.urupt “ that it is dangerous to educate the iboriug 1 ses; thnl theii kuowh dec may become the eli incuts of discontent ; dial nn educat.- J propie are more difficult to govern ; mid th t tin em inent which labors to enlighten the glen! body of the nation, prepRrs for itself tin means of resistance. ' However forcible these argu ments may seem where the divtur right nf kings is acknowledged, and wlici s bio. peers it over virtue mu! intellect, our polic) ■' our duty demand the observance of max.m dnect- | ly the reverse. Our ngiirultund population reat Ivntam it one null ot me grain rais- , „„ t „ rn | i-d in the kingdom, should be threshed with generally denied to them Hint polish r.f Imi the improved threshing mills. Mr. Burgess, j gunge, and tluii fluency ot spec, e, w hid in a late address to the Rhode Island society for the promotion of industry, enters into others, whose labors and talents have con- j third for botany, and the use of the different trihuted to raise to its present stat ” '' ' ' ‘ with them, and where essentially the means ofintrodueing new and better practices.” In 1808 or 1809, the King of Prussia es tablished a school of agriculture at Moegelin. In twelve years, the value of the firm was increased from two thousand to twelve thou sand rix dollars. Van Timer is the director, I and tinder him there arc lliree professors—I'.iV 1 • . i , ,y , . i . ' , . Wood s cast iron plough, would effect nn an one for mathematics, chemistry, andgeolo-' u 1 1 * ’ one Inr veterinary knowledge, and a d their habits, They „h o, r . her direct ly or indirectly, Lent most oldie public, burthens. And they are, en.phaticnd. die gimrdimiv of our civil mui religious free ...m.— Hence our danger arises not from an excess, but from a ::cn/ of knowledge in the great body ot the people. Our yeomanry are not defi- iiM'iral tulefits ; but education hnsc calculation to show, that Ihe general use of y in their professional brethren, is a a commendation lo the posts of piolit pOll'l IP'ii, of Hence, the agricultural character of Great Britain. Yet individual means are found to be inadequate in Britain, and the govern ment is invoked to aid, by large appropria tions, in (lie work of agricultural improve ment. “ I boast not of any particular paf- ■ iotisni.” says the celebrated Watson, bishop of Landnff, “but I would willingly pay my share of twenty or thirty millions pound ntial saving in that small stale of $8000.— The faculty of this school would be compe tent to investigate the principles and to teat the usefulness of the implements now in use, I p/rni'ii^a"iiody"ofmcii, who.-e fe. li and of (hose which genius and skill may | . Ulj j llU .,. # ., s would !«• purely gullible productions in the materia inidi- ca, as for entomolagy. Besides these, an experienced agriculturist is employed to instruct the pupils in the mode of applying science to tin: practical business of husban dry. There are attached lo this institution, . .. . , , , . ..I found to be useless. Genius woo'd thus be u botanic garden, arranged according to the am , , lnpo|)ut An nmucan system, and a repository mid ma-1 ., u1 y to ’hnnorary rewards for In- nufaetory of agricultural implements. I ,emi..ns proved to he valuable, could nut It is true, ?vr have not yet. any schools of’ f ,j| j f> facilitate improvement. A manufae- a^rieiiiture in the Uoitiul States. But it ma) i j n , y would aflord models of the hot machi ne predicted, without the pft of prophecy, j to those who want to buy, and tint we shall not he loop wilhnut them.—' Their advantages are becoming so self-evi- rliajt? (lie general goon would hi h t ub- servcii, and jealousy averted, il each cinsx in the community worn to participate in thu du ties of office, as nearty as |'0>sible in the r«-lu- tive propoiiiun o( theii* ntinib rs The scl ool which your committee propo i», would foou , habits tiirnl—r hereafter brieg forth. Their opinions woti'd ; wfiose cdor.uioii would fit ilitm p- perfo. in the. inspire confuler.ee in those lined to be use- | highest public trust —and whose iutloenci in fill, and prevent imposition and loss by those j our councils, ai d among lie’ people i t large, would a 1 ford the best guuranluoot a popular—- of an liOiic.sl udinini^tiation of public utlairs. |i'mtT3 "i i tu \;iiiiimifi'itJiici3 «• * i it ji la inland deciding nn claims to land in the 'flu. District of Detroit, and for P» ttlinc the , ; , m ai in other casus, to parsons whose claims to ; f , n Hu* footing which is importance merits. 1 mds, town nr village lots, have been re^rn-1 We have schools of law, of medicine, and ol Jarly Qled witli the ronimisginners appoint- divinity.—We have schools of oratory, of cd hy an art, enthh I “ An act to revive the, inusic, and of dancing. And we have a nn- powers of the Commissioners for ascertain- j tional school for teaching this art of war. line arts have their teachers, pupils, and j amateurs. The shops of our merchants, claims to land on Green Bay, and Pairie du J mechanics and arti/.ans, are. all schools ot Chinn, in the Territory of Michigan,” passed j instruction, w here our youth arc taught, by on the-1 Ith d «v of May, 1640, and whose | 8 y 8 tcm and rule, the particular business claims are contained in the report transmit- j which they are to follow. \ et we have no ted to the Secretary of the Treasury, and j Bc | )nn i of agriculture—a business more com- which have been reported favorably on hy plicated in its details, and requiring a great said Commissioners—and such persons are i ,.p diversity ot knowledge than any art hereby confirmed in their claims, agreeably j which is taught. It has been severely, but to -inv sun - *- I . r.... ..... I.. I... 111., lull Il 1 . ‘.. ..L .... m n.l.n.l t'.'if 1,l> fplv f,n Tllll Iwnnilarii- I’rling of public money,to lie appropriated by the legislature, for tho agricultural im- provement of Groat Britain and Ireland.” But we do not I n k precedents: Fur in qiite of the political prejudice which would I and the public attention is so a wall fetter tho human mind, selmuls ofagricul- G d nn the subject, as in all probability to Urn: have, been established in France. I |p» V e to this legislature only, the. privilege iif has been done to place agriculture up' ’witzerlamk Frussn, Holy, and the Austri j deriding, whether New-York shall take the - ■ ‘ ■ ” •! -instates. b\cliavenn illustrious exampli , ad nf her sisters m this, as she has taken 0 encourage and guide us, in the establish-1 the lead of them in most of the other great unit ofM.de Fcllenhergh, at Hnfwyl, in improvements which distinguish our day Switzerland. Impelled by n belief, that n- tudy and its practice, fur- i heretofore made, nr the lints estahlisherl hy the claimants res pectively: Provided, That such confirmations shall only amount to a relinquishment for ever, ou the part of the V. Slates, k that no more than six hundred and forty acres sliali lie confirmed, by virtue of any one claim ; nor shall more be confirmed, in any case, than thp quantity claimed : nur shall any claim extend, ill width, move than forty, 0or in depth, more than eighty, arpents ; tier justly remarked, that we rely on taking this the natural n ay, as the devout Mahomedans (In the small pox ; and regard the tedious process of inoculation both as useless and sinful. Though agriculture is the parent of the ails, and the mint which coins our wealth, so modest has been its pretensions, so humble its walk, and so feeble its advo cate?, that its interests have occupied but a subordinate, place in the public mind. Il remains, at least among us, witheut system, griciilturo, in its ,-hires the best means of developing the use- •'.)liio«.s of man, and of winning him to virtue, his gentleman undertook, with his private means, to establish and manage a school, w hich should improve “ the art of cultivati on, and tho character of the cultivator.”— Me encountered many difficulties in the un dertaking, among which the prejudice of his fellow-citize.us was not the least formidable. But his perseverance, has triumphed over hem all. The school prospers. Several professors have been employed to aid him In his labors—and the number of his pupil 1 is now only limited hy the extent of his ac commodations. It may not he amiss to detail some nf tile prominent features of thisaml other agricul tural schools in Europe—for all ho’ theii or ganization may uot be exactly suited to our 'mbits and political condition, they afford to ff, able data far our own practice. and country. The subject has been t'.vic before, the legislature of Pennsylvania—a EARTHQUAKE IN VALPARAISO. Baltimore, March 7. Extract of a teller doled Valparaiso, Aov. Holts. “ 1 lia\e jn-t 1- called from one ol tin great serve as a school of instruction to the pupils j p st dangers that 1 ever experienced. On in the application of mechanics. | tli«i night of the 1 Dili inst , we were veiled a . . , r m „ „ nnt . n ,-„ nc , 4 r ; by a terrible CHrtliquak**, which has laid Ibis An experimental farm, ol tlio operations ol » , ‘ t , ... which, accurate details 11 b- kept, would j !<»•'.!••»«;« •" all Chili o furnish good tests of the value of grains, gras- j 'It foundations. )V hat few houses are still phn'.ts nnd animal*, which maybe intro-I standing are So shattered that they < an 110 duct-d from abroad, or but partially known a- longer lie. tenanted. The inhabitants havts inong in—would instruct us in their culture :.|| retired lo the hills, and living in tents.— nnd management—mid do much towards e You cannot imagine t e horrible condition tnbli-liing general nnd snliilnry principles in , ,,f i[,i s place—there will no diuilit lien fa ille business of liiist-andry. It is not enen-.'Ji to . 4 iis nrovisioics are now selling altco 1 Dime, as provisions are now s favorable report has been made in the popu-1 know what experimeiits prove siiccc -mb— i IJ10S t , xorbilant prices. About 390 pen;.!.: !ar branch upon it, and the project postpon- " e need to ie m o t 10.1 ,.,1,1. 1 I'f 0 ’1 have been taken up toil ot ihe ruins, and e- • • . ri...\r: J:..:..' unsuccessful, in order that we may »!'“>•' I t,. ry day twoor tin re fi-u ,1 i was sitting with some friends in my . I room when the first thing 1 heard was tips d, but not abandoned. But Virginia li begun to act in eai in st. The society ot Al bemarle tonnty, with the late President Madison at its head, lias appropriated Si,900 of its funds towards endowing a professor ship of agriculture in the university of that stale. They have also addressed a circular nl and unerring principles, unless by means of to other agricultural societies in the statu, experiments, nciuirateiv tried nnd properly inviting their co-operation: and have called I persevered in. It is full time, therefore, by upon the citizens of the commonwealth at j the establishment of an experimental farm, mi- large, to aid by private subscriptions. n . s . der Ike .sanction nod nt the expo,oe of gov,t.,- . • u , * 1 I. uMva r him vttri' iuent, to bring lb© «rt to as preat peri* etion tncting racn to one dollar. 1 lutir plan\«ry ° ... IIII81ICCPSS errors which their resuIlR indicHtu. Ki mr ir husbandry Hie riot published by the individu als wbo commit them, because they would im . . . . f , ply a want of knowledge. “Tho art of ngri falling of the r rof—ami on rushing furwanl^ culture can never be brought lo its bight d JI found it impossible to M..nd, tbu enrlh was degree of perfection, or established on ration possible, by ascertaining the principle? properly embrace s a course of instruction in . -j FT'.; ou '!, t to he condu. ted “ The pub!; the practice well as the theory of luiHUHn- ! vou | ( j j |e fnH( j e acquainted with the iinpoi- dry. “ To the due success uf agriculture,” I | l|l( | BC t ? developed tiy the operiiiioas of this wavs Mr, Madison. “ theory and practice an farm, tliro’ the medium of periodical publicu- board ship. I.vn y tu o or then Imurs tin They always reflect light on ! tiims; nml the students would di-rs-uiinnte a | is a m w convulsion "I I lie larlll, wlii. ii i urn- sudi vioh ut agitation ! i fortunately got inti) the street before (lie house fell -llm next moment the earth was rent asunder, leaving a tremendous chasm. Tire objects on all sides, tin “creams of the dying and „f die fugitives, and t! e danger w hid) sin round ed me, filled my mind ni l) the lonsf awful emotions. At b ngtll, I w as delivered from danger hy the inti rposilion of one id my friends; and 1 have bei n living evet eir.c both requisite, each other. If the former without the lest of j knowledge the latter, is a vain science; the latter tv:' 1 !' d :'■■■>■ i t them aid !•) the I muptca't : i! elf tu the v t ssf Is in the loo Imr 1 [ Hull. Citron.