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FOKKIliiN.
N r.w-YoftK, Jim. 17.
LATEST FROM FRANCK.
fly the sliiji Kdward (dmam-M apt. Hnw
kius, in 43 day* from limit,we have re
ceived ••ur lilt’d nf Paris pnpPts to Doc. Jut,
mi.I ll;i. ro p ipoi's to Doc. 3.
FRANCK. The King is visiting the
principal obiurts and places in tho neigh
borhood of I*.’iris, und is said to show a de
cided.partiality to all thebnuiches of use
ful manufactures; vvliich, it is loratnM,
as ill flourish in un unjiruccdcuted manner
during his reign.
Letters from Belgrade, declare that Un
Captain Puclia, who first secretly ronmiiKd
at Gallipoli, Inul i time to Constaiitinople
on tlie authority of tlie .Sultan, hut kept a
close incognito. It is stated tint lie dal
not command tlie fleet in person, and that
tlie ill success is to be attributed to his of
ficers. The. Divan are extremely irritated
against tlie vice roy of Egypt. They talk
of nothing le“s at Constantinople tliun
sending an agent to until) Mahomet I’a-
elta of some very severe orders front the
Grand Seiginor—hut it is thought that 110
one will dare to carry them.
GREECE.—The Austrian Observer, as
Visual, declares that tlie events of the lute
campaign are nut so disastrous as has
b' on represented. That paper declares
that tho Captain Facial was shchering
bitiiselfill the Dardanelles Oil the loth of
October, wit It u Hag ship and 15 it her ves
sels , and that there still remained of tlie
Egyptian fleet 75 sail. Ibraham, accord
ing to this iic.counl, hud not been taken pri
soner.
Constantinople, Oct. 25.—The fate nf tlie
'Captain l'ucha is finally known—siek and
in disgrace with the Sultan, he is .-til! in
tie Dardanelles, having been forbidden to
Appear in the Capital. The Dacha of E-
g jit’s son Iras hocn immed commander of
tlie ecu forces of the Forte--but whore is
lie now ? lie is said to be a prisoner at
Jdydra. The Porto keeps a dt ad silence
on recent events. Jt is reported that the
Turkish commander of Junsay has deca
pitated a Moldavian officer, and great in
quietude is felt on account of it.
The Dutch Vice Admiral at Port Ma
hon, informed a captain at Neeles, that it
JoiiuId he unsafe to pass tlie Straights of
Gibraltar before the 15th November, in
consequence) of the Dey of Algiers, lie
wjs afterwards ordered to convoy Dutch
vessels in the Mediterranean, but liojied
gbr a more favorable disposition in the Dey.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
By the ship Young Phierii.v, Ca|'t. Dun-
.liar, in 42 days from London, we have re
ceived London papers to the 2d of Decem
ber inclusive, through tlie politeness of the
Captain.
The Loudon papers contain many par
ticulars of the devastation and ruin caused
by the late heavy winds and rain in Lng-
laud. It is stated that 20,000 pounds would
tint rupair tiie damage sustained at bid-
rnotuli.
Zi'jlc and important from Peru.—Genera)
Jfcortuz, has arrived at Philadelphia, from
Alvarado, and has furnished tiie following
interesting intelligence from Peru. Mr.
Santumuria, tho Colombian minister resi
dent in Mexico, had received accounts
from Callao of the third of November,
hr night to Acapulco by the brig Pallas,
captain Henry llermoud, from Guauclnico,
n port in the province of Trujillo. Boli
var’s head-quarters were at Andaguuilus,
on the road to Cuzco, on the ICtli of Octo
ber, having defeated Cuuteruc in Gua-
manen and Rio l'ainjms. Of ti.(HM) men
that composed Cantcrac’s army, lbOO hud
united and were retreating towards Cuzco,
to join the remains of La Sornu’s fore
Who had been defeated in the iteighhorhood
of Cltarcas by thy unity of Buenos Ayres
This army had taken possession of the
provinces of Potosi, Cochubafnbu, Orudu
I’ll no, and Santa Cruz de laK.i-ru. Bob-
vur himself writ’ s to Mr. Santuruarin, as
wiring him of tiie speedy termination of
the eaidpnign, ns a L'hilian army was
in i ntng from Arica to join that, of Peru
a •'! Buenos Ayres. The reinforcement
fr mi Carchagena, St. Martha and Puerto
Cabollo lmd arrived nt Guacho from Puua-
jna ; whence also hud been shipped a mil
linn and a half of dollars for the army in
P< , ii. Lima was occupied by the patriot
and Callao was blockaded by sea and land,
by the combined land and nuvnl tor
the latter being under tlie command ol
commodore iiluneo, -nf the (,'ldiiau ser
vice.
NiiRFor.K, Jan. P).
'Late find interesting from the Pacifc.
The brig Canada, in 77 days from Vol
paraiso,bound to Baltimore, came into thq
Capes on Thursday last and proceeded up
the Bay. Lieutenant Rams tv, who went
out first in the United States Ship Peacock
ciime passenger in this vessel, from which
he was put on board the .Yurth-Carolinai 1
and went up the Bay in her.
The frigate United Staten, Com. Holt
and Peacock, Lieut. Commandant Ke.n.non
were at Callao on the lOih of September
-the latter had lost a few of her men by small
jinx, but its deptedaiions hod been cheek
ed and the crew Were all in good hcultli at
•the above date.
Patriot Victory.— V letter received by
tlie Canada, from Vaipat aiso, states that a
battle had been fought on the 3d Septem
her between Bolivar and Canterac—the
two unities amounting to about 17,000.
The slaughter vvns prodigious, 3 to 5000
men being loft dead on tlie field, two-thirds
of whom were of the Royal Array—V icto-
■j»y decided iu favor of Bolivar.
MODERN EGYPT.
[Prom the .London Quarterly flevieiei]
The lands inundated by the Nile are ex
ceedingly fertile; and though they have
•successively from year to year, without in
termission, borne one and frequently two
crops, without any rational system ofinvi-
goration by manure or otherwise, l'or more
than 3000 years, they still continue to do
the same without any perceptible, iinpover-
i litnetit,it withuutanyf irtliertillngc than
.tie adventitious top-dressing of black sli-
mv mould, bv the overflowing of tlio river.
But the productiveness of the soil, especi
ally where the inundations do not reach,
■lias been greatly overrated. The crops of
•wheat, in particular, are very scan’ . nut
dbove live nr six for one; but for mays and
dourra or millet, the soil npjicars to be pe
culiarly adapted; and these ttvo species of
grain, with ries, lintels and various kinds
'taf pulse, eonftiaiting tlie principal food or
jyjttd-tenths of tho itRjal)Rau;s, allowed live
government, wlu> usurped tho monopoly, i
to export tho greater part of the wheat
produced. Since the. peace of Europe,
however, this brunch of commerce lias
nearly ccuse.l, in consequence of tho in-
rreused cultivation ut' that grain in other
countries.
But un article of the very first impor
tance to the commerce and inanttfuetureK
of England lots' recently been raised in E-
gypt, and to such an extraordinary extent
us to have sm jmssoil all expectation. VVe
n Undo to cotton Wool, not ol the usual eourse
kind hitherto grown in Egypt, but ot'n ve
ry superior quulitv, raised from Brazil seed.
In le'J.'l the crop was so abundant, that, al
ter supplying the demands of the eoumiic*
bordering on the Mediterranean, it is cal
culated that at least 5t),O00 lings may lie
export dto England in the course of the
present year; and tho Pasha is still ex
tending the culture of this useful {plant,
on tracts of country long neglected, by
clearing out tho ancient canals and dig
ging otiiers, which communicate with the
Nile ; so that tho rrop of the present year
is expected to double that of the preceding,
an<] in future years will, in all probability,
piul the whole of what is now imported
from America, lo which it is by no inouns
inferior; mid as the plant is nut exposed
to frost or injurious ruins, as in most other
ountries, it is therefore less precarious.
To the Cotton may be added, as articles
of export, silk and flax ; and i( is scarcely
necessary to say, that in such a climate,
with the command of water, the sugur-
•une will grow in great perfection. Indi-
nrthnuius or safiloucr, und licunli, as
plants producing dyes, arc extensively cul
tivated. Almost every kind of fruit and
>t grain, whether European or tropical,
may be, and most oft hem are, ruisdU in E-
try pt. In the beautiful province of Ntvo-
itn, the vine and the olive flourish in great
tlxurianee ; and, in the wady or valley of
r.mmlaiit, the Viceroy has established u
lony of live handled Syrians, for the pur
pose of cultivating the mulberry und rear
ing silk-worms.
CONGKKSrf.
In
BEX \TE.
Fain \v, Jan. 21.
The Senate again proceeded to tlie con
sideration of the hill for
TDK SUPPRESSION* OF PIRACY.
Mr. Tut well rose, and mined to strike
from the hill the 3d section thereof, which
is as fallows:
“ Arid hr it farther ennetrd, That, if any
f the .said pirates should cscajM) from the
fresh pursuit of the commanding officers
er vvs of any armed vessel of the U.
States, and find refuge in any of the cities
nr ports of the said island of Cubu, ur other
lands aforesaid, the President of the b.
States, on being informed of the fact, in a
manner satisfactory to him, of its authen
ticity, .-hall be, und he is hereby, authoriz
ed, at his discretion, to declare the said
port or city to be in a state, of blockade,
and sh ill cause the same to be invested bv
the naval force of the United Btntes, till
llie sai l pirates shall have been secured
and punished by tho authorities ol'tlie said
island, or until satisfaction shall otherwise
have been made, whereupon heslmlldeem
t just and expedient to discontinue the
said bl jekadc."
Mr. Tazewell followed his motion with a
pceeh ill support of it, of nearly two hours’
length: and
-Mr. Barbour replied to Mr. T. nt consi
derable length, in defence of tho 3d section
when,
On motion of Mr.,Mills, tho bill was post
poned to Monday.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Moxday, Jau. 17.
The following Messages from the Presi
dent of the United States, were received
by the hands of Mr. Everett, his private
tary. e.nd were laid on the table und
ordered to he printed.
To ths House of Representatives of the I*. 9.
In compliance with a resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 28tb ult.
requesting the President to inform the
House what terms were offered In - appli
cants for tho stock created by tho net of
■lltli May last, and by whom such terms
w ere offered, I herewith transmit a report
from the Secretary of the Treasury, with
accompanying papers, which contain tlie
information required.
JAMES MONROE.
AV ushington, 17th Jan. 1825.
To the House of Representatives of the U. States.
I transmit herewith a report from tiie
Secretary of Stute, containing tnc informa
tion required by the resolution of the
House of the Itith ult. relating to the West
ern Boundary of the United States.
JAMES MONROE.
Washington, 17tli Juu. lb‘15.
(encloscre.)
Department of State,
Washington, Jan. 15,1625.
Tho Secretary of State, to whom has
been referred the resolution of the House
of Representatives of the U.States, of the
Itith of Dee. lest, requesting information
from tlie President, if not incompatible
with the public Welfare, of the causes
which liuve prevented the execution of the
4th article of the treaty of 22d of February,
161.1, between the t. 6b of America and
the Kingdom of >9puiii, so far as the same
relates to the surveying of the Western
Boundary of the United States, and if the
same has been prevented by the actual
situation of the government of Mexico, in
respect to the Kingdom of Spain, and this
country as connected with tlm said Inmii-
dary ; and whether any measures have
boon taken to cull the attention of the go-
vcriunent of Mexico to the final establish
ment ot'a boundary between that country
and the L. States—ha- the honor nf report
ing to the President, that the causes sug
gested in tiie resolution have prevented
the execution by the joint operation of the
United States and of Spain, of the article
referred to, as was contemplated by the
treaty; that soou after the change of go
vernment in Mexico to the republican form,
and before the adoption of tiie recent con
stitution, a communication was received
from tho supreme authority then existing,
that they assented to the boundary us es
tablished by the treaty, and would readily
eo operate iu the measures necessary for
carrying that article into execution in con
cert with the Ini ted States. Tlie post
ponements of the Mission to Mexico have
delayed the proposal ofdefiuitive arrange
ment with that government ou tlie sub
ject.
Adi which is respectfully submitted.
J. 4. Af)AM6,
Ti Tsd.vY, Jan. 16.
The qitcstintt being about to l»c pm on
the engrossment ol'tlie hill, making mi ap
propriation t'.n continuing the Cunflicrlantl
it nail,
.Mr, M'Dafte rose in opposition to the
bill. From the interest lie lmd uniformly
taken in a general system of internal im -
proveiiirnt, he was sure that he should not
lie charged with inconsistency 1br his op
position tu flic present partial and ineffici
ent measure. Of the importance of a ge
neral system f this ehui.ifter there Was
no member ofthut House more profound
ly sensible than himself; hut it was to in
ternal improvement as n system, mid not
to pmtiid schemes, that ho was disposed
tu give the sane t ion of his vote. If gentle
men brought forward obligations to he Ac
complished ns the motive of our conflict,
lie would ad ise tltc-m eautieusly to nbftftili
from making appropriations which d> not
fall within tlie inonni-g of such ohjgati-
ons, Million: 1 lie most deliberate invcjttiga-
tion. And here he took oceasiun ki re
mark, and for the truth of the observation,
he would appeal to the gentlemen frtm N.
York themselves, whether even in those
states where the advantages of cam < are
most obvious and important, works of this
character have not nlvvny s lmd to entoitn-
te.r the most determined opposition, Infore
they were commenced, ns well ns tkring
their progress. The great itin-’s of the
people can scarcely be brought to sustain
any government which adopts this system.
The great canal of New-Ym k, that sue it-
did and honorable trophy to the enterprise
and ingenuity of the state, hours testimony
to tho proposition; and he believed that
important work would liuve failed, hud not
the funds appropriated to its completion
boon pledged for that purpose. If thi n
the system of internal improvement, in a
single state, and where the population is
condensed, can scarcely he carried into ef
fect, even where the funds are available,
how vastly are tho difficulties increased
when this system is to bo carried over nri
immense wilderness, where the population
is sparse, and tho natural obstacles are so
much greater, .t where there are no imme
diate commercial advantages to be expect
ed from its completion. Is it not necessa
ry then to net with double caution when
we propose to carry this sy stem over un
extended space of territory ? We ought
now to act w ith reference to tlie final com
pletion ot this system. If we are to begin
here and there, stop short now, and then
proceed, we shall do nothing. We must
act quietly, and always with reference to
the end, if vve would act elliciently.
U hut is the question before the House?
The question is not, whether vve are to a-
dopt a system of internal improvement.—
On this point there is no dissenting voice
in this House, except those gentlemen who
clony tho constitutional power of Congress
to make appropriations fur any such pur
pose. But what calls on us now to com
mence the work? Is it necessary in or
dec to preserve our Union ? Will our Uni
on be endangered in the next three years?
Are there any great national considerati
ons which require that vve should do it
now, rather than throe years hence? li
we make no canal ur road for the next 10
years, there is no fear that the dissolution
of tho Union will he the consequence.—
But he was not for procrastinating the
work to that period. As soon as the ques
tion—what should he the general system,
is settled, he was ready to begin ilie work
There was no one more anxious that it
should be done, Rial done speedily; but if
it wore parried into effect quietly, and by
a general appropriation, lie would jiroitr it
to partial appropriations.
With regard to the arguments that this
is appropriating for the general system, he
would say a few words. Is this a road in
which all arc interested ? That it consti
tutes a part of the general system he ad
mitted ; and, on that ground, lie was rea
dy to support it. To him, it was a matter
of indifference where it extends, so far a-
he could regard it ns a national work.—
But this afforded no ground for the argu
ment that it was done nt this moment, be
fore any of the information had been ob
tained which was to grow out of the gene
ral system. All the arguments he had
heard on the subject were entirely section
al, und it was not worth while to disguise
it. If this was a national work, how is it
that all the support to it came from a par
ticular section? The whole nation was
not interested in the work. Every argu
ment against the postponement of the mea
sure was of a sectional character. If it is
contended, chat the character of lira road
is determined by the states through which
it runs, vve adopt a course of sectional ar
gument which was never thought of be
fore. Tho honorable member from Ken
tucky had complained that nil the benefit
which the west would receive from this
road was the right of way. The right of
way was ti e great advantage which was
•ontetnplaled in its construction. The
lersons who reside along its borders are
few in numbers, not exceeding, perhaps,
some two or three hundred inhabitants,—
All others have only a right of way, and
this constitutes the great utility of the road,
l'lie states to and from which the road
runs, receivo the greatest benefits from it,
und not those which border on its course.
What is the state of the question us be-
’tvveon the general government mid the
States? In the eastern section of the coun
try, the United States lias never appro
priated a single cent—with the exception
of this road to tire west—to the purposes of
internal improvement. To say forts und
arsenals are analogous to roads mid ca
nals, seems to be at variance with common
sense. We have been told that commerce
is all for the benefit of tho Atlantic States ;
that l he lute war was for the Atlantic States.
Because commerce is located in the Atlan
tic States, it seems to be scarcely under
stood that It includes all the. States in its
advantages. If so, he begged gentlemen
would not say Atlantic States, hut Atlan
tic Cities. The South had no interest in
it. The people of the back country of S.
Carolina, whom he had the honor to icpiv-
sent, were not interested in commerce -
We arc told by gentlemen tliut in the last
war the west behaved with an energy and
courage not to he surpassed. True. He
felt proud when lie admitted the fact—and
\v a- prompt to allow that the west was en
titled to more than mi equal dividend of
glory. But was she not interested iu the
war? Look ut the history of tlie times—
look ut the facts ; at the President’s mes
sage ; and see if the blood which flowed
from the tomahawk and sculping knife
was not one of the principal causes of the
war. It was the cruel and sanguinary ex
cesses of the savages, un the vv estern fron-
yer, vvlgicjj made t#e eloquent and irresisli-
TiliMippeal to the nation. All tlm military I any thing on wliicli vve have to legislate ?
open; ions of ilie gov eminent were diri
ed P the defence of the western frontier.
Till army under the command of General
lli{ and G eiieral Harrison, nil marched
to erfrnd that frontier from the enenmeh-
nicjls of the suing." foe. In addition to
theje flirts, have vve not, ever since Un 1
fuiidtition of the government, been ex
pelling money to defend the western Iron-
ties? More money has been expended on
lloiv did it begin . From tho roiiiicviioii
of the ceneral g c.im ninciit with tie 1 public
lands which fie in the remote parts ot the
Union, nut of which nr*/ states were ex
pected to arise. And this mail was one ol
the indue inuntsto those who went to settle
ill this new region. Nobody doubts the
power of Congress to make a rou I to a
truct of public land largo enough lor five
states, with a view to sell tho.se land--.—
thi than any other object. The expense i This was the original idea. Ever) rod of
olfur navy, during all tiie interval of peace, | road lending to the public lands iucreu'os
\\j not equalled the expenditure to defend
tlf western frontier. Even nt this mo
ment a grea{ proportion of tho army ofthc :
United .-dates, lie cm.Ill no! say Imw iniich. -
are permanently established or. this Iron
tier, iu order to protect it. If. then, the
argument is allowed, that ever;' expendi
ture for the defence of a frontier is to he
regarded as nil appropriation for the secti
on in which tint frontier is situated, is it
intended to provi that the interior lots no
interest in the appropriation ? Are we to
he told that the interior lias no interest in
defending the frontier?
He took a view of the operation of a sys
tem of direct taxation on the western states,
and of the ruinous ennsoquencos which
must'accrue to them if all their money ca
pital was drained from them to be ex]>etid-
in the east. He rontunded, however,
that the reverse of this is the fact. The
duties on foreign merchandise arc paid in
Atlantic cities, and ure expended there.—
This was the ease in all the Atlantic (,'itios,
except Charleston. If any place hud to
sustain a harder pressure than another,
it was Charleston, where a great revenue
was collected, for the general government,
wide only a small proportion of it was ex
ploit'd there. Soutli-Carolina had no rc-
saircc to look to blit her public lands,
Which produced her from 700,000 to 800,-
010 dollars annually: and on those she vvns
oMigcd to charge all her internal expendi
tures.
With regard to the time when thissys-
tlm ought to he commenced, he wished to
4y a few words, because on this particu-
hr point he had been misstated. He had
omjectured that the next administration
Could direct its first attention, and i!s first
exertions, to tlie payment of the public
iebt—but he had not intended to lay down
any inflexible rules nil the subject. If the
rtport from the Treasury Department
should be found correct, and there should
appear a surplus of three millions in the
Treasury, lie was willing to begin tho work
in two or throe years. But, nt this mo
ment, vve must be governed by the state of
our finances. A Dill had been reported
from the Committee of Ways and Moans,
authorizing a loan. It appears tlmt- the
portion of public debt which falls due Jan.
1st. 1825, exceeds tho power of the coun
try to redeem by almost 12 millions of dol
lars; and in the course ofthc next year, a
further sum of six millions will have to be
raised to meet the debt which will then
become due. To tell us that our resources
will he abundant three years hence, is a
strange argument to justify present expen
ditures. If tve should have an excess of
money iu 1628, he had no doubt there
would he plenty of ways in which it could
he expended. Sufficient for the day arc
the evils thereof. The country has alrea
dy been led into difficulties by financial
mistakes; ami no man can accurately de
termine what will he the results ofthc pre-
«**ut calculation. liUuuW Uivt« u Uiiimc
of our resources, m great re-action pf pub-
lie opinion would be the consequence.—
Such was the casein 1622. The sanguine
and injudicious calculations which had
been made had led to errors, and when
those calculations failed, a great re-action
took place, which had nearly annihilated
our military establishment. Not tvvoyears
have elapsed since the splendid view had
disappeared, and vve were reduced to the
necessity of borrowing money in a time of
peace ; and we have had the utmost dilli
eulty to keep body and soul together; for
lie viewed the army in the light ol'tlie soul
ol the country, lie was opposed, there
fore, to the adoption of a measure, which
it is more important to adopt as a system,in
the course ot a few years, than as a part of
a system at tho present moment. Whene
ver the funds should be. in our hands, and
the system should bo well understood, lie
would not hesitate to adopt it.
Mr. Webster rose to say a lew words.—
His opinions on this subject were well
known from the vote he gave, in 16 Id. He
considered the, present question us involv
ing its constitutional difficulties. Ill ])UH-
sing the present bill, Congress would as
sume no new powers—It would merely
extend those which it had already exercis
ed for the last 20 years, lie was anxious
to cultivate a right policy—he meant a na
tional feeling. He desired to extend pro
tection to every individual member of the
union ; and he had strong doubts as to the
propriety, and even the power of the
House, legislating by balancing the inti
ts of tiie different states. Ho had
doubts whether the House was authorize
to make wlrat is called a numerical distri
bution of funds among the states lor the
purposes of internal improvement.
We ought to legislate for the whole tc
getlicr, ami not for twenty-four distinc
parts and interests. If wo arc to make, h
cal improvements, we must make them
where they are most necessary; even
though it is beyond the Alleghany, or
to the .Missouri, my vote shall bu"i.n the at
lirinutivc. If an appropriation be rt nuir
i d for pressing objects, vve have no right to
deliberate from any notions about uumcri
cal majorities. These slates have a right
to expect us to proceed. He would not
enter into u discussion on the subject, but it
did appear to him that it hud been held out
to these states that the general govern
meat would, out of this 2 per cent, fund
which had been pledged for that purpose
make a road to the states. Where is the
diflcrcncc between doing now as vve have
done before, and appropriating us vve hav
appropriated. Government hud made ad
v unecs before this road had reached Ohio
it was no more likely to goon now, than it
was then. The stales have a right to ex
port the government to carry it through
Is it fit to lie carried on ? Some gcntli
men objected that it was not a national
object. What is national ? Sir, at the
last session an act was passed to improve
the harbor of Luke Erie. Did that benefit
Louisiana? Did it advantage Xeiv-Or
leans? An appropriation hud also b
granted, at the last session, to improve
Fly mouth harbor, in Massachusetts. Did
that benefit Indiana ? Thus, it appear
that vvd may direct our powers to local ob
jei ts, but having a national character. Tin
di r. e of interest i- ulu evs diminished by
lyhv vljstaucq. is Vlgig road eojjnectcd whij
their value. That is u matter of public iii-
terest. *' Is an aeeomuie'bition to a great
portion rift ho people, and therefore, it isa
public benefit. Were it for forts, arsenals,
ships, would so small an appropriation be
relit sod ? !f, then, it be a national object
vve may as well make the road. If the
advantaged will be great, the amount is
trilling:—150,IKK) dollars is nu great boon
to any statu, i l’uiiy benefit is to result, ho
would bo glad that it should go beyond
the Alleghany. Hu wished to see more
money expended beyond the mountains.
Such was his opinion, whether right or
wrong. If the gentlemen from the west
would permit, he would j list point out the
situation of that country. Tho inhabi
tants were industrious, skilful, enterpris
ing, hut they wanted markets for their
products. Money expended with a view
to grant these facilities, in this respect,
would he, cx|>ondcd with good effect.—
Great sums of money tiro drawn from the
west in payment of debts due for public
lands. As to the army being on the west
ern frontier, if the entire army of the U.
States vvus there, it would be no great
matter, in a pecuniary view. The public
expenditure in tliut section of the country
is inconsiderable, and the great draw from
the public lands makes money scarce. A
considerable capital, it is true, lias gone
ross tlie Ohio, but it is quickly absorbed
hen it gets there. In point of consump
tion, tlie western states contribute more to
the public revenue than any other slates.
While the revenues are ull collected at the
ustoin-hoii.se, a considerable portion of
them is drawn from the west, derivable
lroin that superfluous produce which re
mains uncousumed beyond the mountains.
It had boon said, when vve cun agree up
on a general system of surveys and esti
mates, it will be time enough to begin this
scheme. W e bIkiII have grown v ery old
before that day. We shall not all travel
the roads, nor sail upon tho canals. No
one among us has boldness enough to
ketch a scheme of internal improvement
for the next twenty years. No five per
sons would agree on the sketch, if one
were bold enough to make it. Tho coun
try is now in the process of dcvelopcinont.
New views aro daily o|>eiiing ujam us,
and every new day adds to our infor
mation, and confirms our confidence in our
ntntry.
If the road is done at all, it should he
lone now. it is more wanted to-day than
will be to-morrow. As to the burden on
the national finances, lie agreed with the
lion, member from humth-Carolimi, as to
the propriety of some limitation, until the
lebt is paid. But, after all, vve must ask
ourselves what would be tho effect of this
small appropriation on the public debt ?
■annot bring ourselves to ask this
question now, how shall we be able to ask
ourselves, when the general system shall
he adopted, how 40 or 50 millions will hear
w ill itself he ghvavs sulli-
ciont to cjhm:k the adoption oi any general
ystetn. He thought the sum too small.
He referred to the hill of tho last session,
for the elouriug of the Ohio and 51
sippi rivers. There were doubts on that
subject. It was thought extruordina-
that this noble river, washing nine
states, should remain in such a condition
I never been accomplished, owing to
the difficulty of reconciling the views of a
sparse population on the subject. But it
had never been undertaken all the di
tanee from Pittsburgh to the Balize : und
the rontrart-priee tor the whole is only
(ihJHXI dollars ; a stun not a burden for u
ingle county. 4 u nity millions have been
ceiv ed from the sales ofpuhlic lands. He
felt rejoiced that a change had taken place
in the regulation of these sales, which
ought not to lie regarded so much an ob-
t ol revenue as with a view to the set
tlement of the lands. \Ve ought no lontr-
er to look to the Western lands to enrieh
our Exchequer, lint rather look to the ob
ject of increasing a happy and contented
population.
Mr. M'Duffie complained that he had
been misunderstood, and went into some
xplanations ot his former argument.—
The inquiry, lie said, was not whether this
is a public road, but whether this is tlie
time to begin it. lie considered that it'it
Mas a true argument which hud been
brought forward, that v.e violate the com
pact with Missouri by making the road to
Ohio, vve piny hereafter he called onto ful
fil tho compact by making a road to Mis
souri. With regard to the sum expended
by tho General Government, we have al
ready exceeded the fund pledged. How
an the government ha charged with a
failure to appropriate 500,000 dollars, when
it has actually expended a million and a
hull. I he West had been accustomed to
k only for 30 or 40 «r 50,000 dollars an
nually, but slid soon grew bolder, and is
now become vociferous for larger grants,
lie resisted the idea that roads'should he
made to tlie public lands. lie considered
that the inducements to emigrate to these
lands were already t w o strong ? that the
lowness ol'tlie minimum price'operated to
reduce the value ot all public lands, and to
allure settlers out into the wilderness. lie
thought there was, throughout the Union,
an artificial propensity to settle on public
lands, which it would be more desirable to
check than to encourage. How is it, he
asked, that the West exhibits no symp
toms ot decay, like those you find in the
Eastern states—no deserted \ illages no
exhausted lands ? Because ofthc unnatu
ral stimulus which has been given. Wlrat
is the vvculth ofthc nation ? Her stock of
public industry, lie wished this to be en
couraged by judicious legislation, but de
precated the policy ofofferiug unv further
inducements to your Eastern citizens to
leave the comforts and enjoyments of a
condensed society, for all the evils of a
sparse population anil u residence in the
distant wilderness.
Mr. Webster made a few observations in
reply, which the low tone of bis voice, and
the conversation about us, prevented us
from hearing.
Mr. .S'trwart rose in favoroftlic Bill. He
had hoped for the co-operation ofthc gen
tleman from South-C'urolina, in this mea
sure of internal improvement, and regret
ted to find thai ho was pot likely to bi;
gratified, lie adverted to the objection tlm
this measure would interfere with tlie ge
neral system. He refuted this idea, and
asserted his conviction that the general
system would go on without I'lasliiug'vvith '
it.o present measure, us soon as the sat
vc.vs hil l been completed. Oat of all tlm
nine Western stales, only two solitary
votes were given ugainst the bill unthm’.
izing tho purchase of Chasapcnko and De*.
hi ware Canal Stock. He rejoiced at thin
circuu.stance, as it showed that the impor
tance of this system was well understood
in the Western States, and tliut no seetiotre
al feelings operated to prevent a co opera-,
lion 011 the subject.
With regard to ti;e. financial situation of-
the country, it was sufficiently good to jus-,
tify the I'linincnccninn' of the work. Ib»
had no idea of ereuting, by these measure**
a necessity for loan. After the payment)
of public debt there would be. three mil
lions in the Treasury. Hu only asked that
employment of this surplus, and of tho
sinking fund. In the moan time tho gene
ral system will progre»i: it will neither
stop, nor be impeded by tlie prosecution of
tbo measure, in tliis bill. The amount of
surplus revenue applicable to internal im
provement would, at tlii! end of ten yeuis
be about fifteen millions. Ho would a-k
if all this could be brought into operatiou,
at once. It would be impossible. You
could not find labourers sufficient to swal
low up your capital. Tlie work might to
be gradual ; the improvements should ho
elicited Ivy degrees. I5y going on gradual
ly, you make engineers, and your improv e
ments are gradually developed; but by-
appropriating all at once, you find your
selves left with a deficiency of labour uiul
talent to curry tbe vvor.i through.
Tne gentleman from South Carolina,
had attempted to show that the west h ui
had her share : two per cent, hud been ex
pended. It was true. Tvvifper cent, h ,ff
been buried in the Cumberland ron I. Tlie.
vvest had, however, contributed her full
proportion to theeustom-housedutics, and
in public lands more than GO miili ms. —,
Much had been s-fid of tlii- two per cent,
fund. If the whole of it had been expend.*
cd in the west, Die west vv >uld not hav*
had her share of the tit It) millions expended
since the government was foumlod, of*
w hich not more than ten millions had gom»
over the Alleghany mountains. Of tho
450 millions expended in the lust twet.ty
y ear*, not 5 millions have gone beyond t!.*
Alleghany, independent of the expenses of*
the war.
Gentlemen had said that the seaboard
paid the revenue of tlm customs in ml-
vanre for tho West. Unite the contrary.
The \'v est advaneesthe revenue ofthc cus
toms for the seaboard. The western mer
chant goes to the seaboard, buys hi-.roods
at auction, and pays down the auction du
ties, which tho receiver tines not p»v . or
to the Treasury lor nine or twelv e nt ulm
afterwards. So that tho western mi r-
ehunt adv aneos the duty. The gem 1'inan
from South-Carolinu had said the ware
declared for the bonofit of tlie West. Do
contended that it was, on the otL . hu
a war to protect our commerce—a > u for
free trade and sailor’s rights. Tec :i: -
hawk and scnlpiiig-kniiU, with ali te ir
horrors, were a consequwtee, not a cm,sc,
of the war. The West fi >ugln gloriously,
and now, when it comes fora boon, of*
150.000 dollars, was it to he refused’? !Ia
hoped not—he trusted till! gentleman ti ilk
6outh-f'amlinu would vot go wnin ffio
menus urine mu.
Mr. Cambreler.fr thought every dollar
which was expended in Die Atlantic ei s
upon comineroial objects, such as h • .t‘
war, light-houses, &e. was l'elt i.n its . ju
ration to Die extremes; hamlet of the west
ern Wilderness. On the other hand, every
dollar spent in the vve stern stales, ever. 1-
thoiigh it was ns remote, as Mexico, v. ,.»
felt on the Atlantic, borders. He ref rr< d
to the advantages which had result, d i'n nr
the New-York canal: great as these a*l-
vantages had been to the city of N. York,
they had been much greater to the intern r
country through which tliut canal extends*
He believed gentlemen greatly misunder
stood the feelings of his constituents, win n
they supposed that they felt any disposi
tion to complain against the United States*.
! hey were rather Disposed to feel jov that
they had been enabled to execute tijisgreac
work out ot their own resources.
lie was rather disposed to view thing**
practically than in any other view. Tin*
other day he gave iiis vote on the Chi - .-
peake mid Delaware canal bill; and h.r
thought that if government, under its mi
litary power, did not possess the right to
make a road or cut u canal, it possessed no
power whatever. As to the question
whether this he a proper time, he <■■ n •. 1
into a hriet exposition of the financial si ti-
ation of tlie country, and asserted his be
lief that the rev-pimp of the country would
receive such un increase, in the course of
the next ten years, tbut there would he a
surplus sutlicient to carry on internal itn»
pruveiuenta a? far as lie was willing to go.
I'or himself, he should sineereiv regret a-
ny delay in the pa* mg of this hill. Hir
was perfectly confident that there wcre
tin constitutional doubts which could :d’-
fecl the rule, ess ef this hill, nnd he ( ousi-
(Wired the advantages which must result
from it as highly important iu their char-,
ueter.
Mr. Wood stated his belief that in tins*
former expenditures on this road one-th i J
had been wasted. He wished the friends
nfllie bill to accept t *Tc modi lie at ion ol/ r.
cd yesterday by the. geotknnan front JVnn-*
sylv.ania, (Mr. Bveel;;) and he would then
he willing to give his vote for the bill, llcv
would be willing, instead oft be 20 (icfcs iiU?
proposed by that gentleman, insert 25 per
cent. Bnt in tlie present form, iiu mu-:,
Vote against tlie bill.
Tito question on the engrossment of VV
bill was then taken, by Ayca and .Vots/
vvltcu there appeared,
*5 J,6—Messrs. Alexandria of *JYnn. Vltinj
ifTcmi Allison. Bavin s, J. S. Barbour bank
liriTliir. Rlair, Bradley . Brock, Ureot, Burl*..
Call, I uinbrcleng. C .unpbrll ( ,t" Ohio, ( )..,;. *
Cook, Crowninxtiield, Clubman, pur As P
tali', Family, IVnv .d, Fuller, tiuzlay, i
I V,Hayden, Humpl ’ll, Henry,Holcombe,1J
ton, Ingham, hack.*, Jetnibicv, .hihnxon id t
.1. T. .tollmen, K. .fubnsnn, Kent, Ivrenter, I-
mice, hoc, Lck-her, Little, Livingston,! ■
5!’Arthur, M*Kie, ISPKiiu, M'Laiicot' Ilcl
I t an oi l)hio, Mallory. Mi.rfmd.ili, .\h-rc..
cnlfe. Miller, Mitrbeii uf V.d. Mrs,re of h r
Moore, of Ala. Neale, Newton, Owen. 1' '
of Penn. Patterson of Ohio, Plume: of v n
Poinsett,Reed, Reynolds, Suutli’ rd. 81 ,
\\illiain Sniilh, Standerfer, J. Sii’jihen.. u. 81 w-
art, Stores, Test, Thompson of Ken. Toinlii
Trimble, Udi;co. Vance of Ohio, V i,n m. U o .
Webster, Whittlesey, Wirklifle, James \Vi'o
Henry Wilson, Wilson of Ohio, Wolfe, Woods, h-
Wright—94.
. NOLS —Mows, AlcxftuUer of V»- Aflea J
Mm