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MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, MAY 31, 1825.
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.Sigur's History of tfafloltoiCs Expedition
to Itussla.
Sogur, continuing to Bpeak of the Elia
sian invasion, informs us that—“ Among
the ministers of the Emperor, several dis
approved it; the greater number preserv
ed silence ; one alone was accused of flat,
tery, and that without any ground, ll is
(rue, he was heat'd to repeat, ‘ That the
Emperor was not sufficiently great; that
it was necessary for him to become great
er still, in order to he able to stop.’ But
this minister whs, in reality, what so many
courtiers wished to appear; he had a real
and absolute faith in the genius and for
tune of his sovereign.
“ In other respects, it is wrong to impute
to his counsels a lurge portion of our mis
fortunes. Napoleon was not a man to be
influenced. As soon ns his object vvu
marked out, and lie had made advances to
wards its acquisition, ho admitted of nc
contradiction. He then appeared us if lie
would hear nothing but wlmt flattered hi
determination; lie repelled with ill hu
mor, and even with apparent incredulity,
all disagreeable intelligence, as if he fear
ed to be shaken by it. This mode of net
ing changed its name according to his for
tune; when fortunate, it was called force
of character; when unfortunate, it was
designated as infatuation.
“The knowledge of such a disposition
induced some subaltern to make false re
ports to him. Even a minister thought
himself compelled to maintain u dange
rous silence. The former inflated his
hopes of success, in order to imitate the
haughty confidence of their chief, and in
order, by their countenance, to stamp up
on his mind the impression of a happy o-
jnen ; the second sometimes declined com
municating had news, in order, as he said,
to nvoid the harsh rebuffs which he had
“ But this fear, which did not restrain
flaulincourt and several others, had no in-
.flucnce upon Bur no, Dam, Lohau, Rapp,
Luuriston, and sometimes even Berliner.
These ministers anil generals, each in his
sphere, did not spare the Emperor when
The truth was to be told. If it so happen
ed that lie was enraged by it, Duroc, with
out yielding, assumed an air of indiffer
ence ; Lohau resisted with roughness;
Berthier sighed, and withdrew with tears
in his eyes; Canlincourt and Daru, the one
turning pale, the other reddening with an
ger, repelled the vehement contradictious
of the Emperor ; the first met with impo
tuous obstinacy, and the second with short
and dry determination. They were often
Been to end these altercations by abruptly
retiring and shutting the door ufter them
with violence,
“ It should, however, be added here,
that these warm discussions were never
productive of bad consequences; good
temper was restored immediately after,
without leaving any other impression than
redoubled esteem, on the part of Napole
on, for the noble frankness which they had
displayed.
“ 1 have entered into these details, be
cause they are either not known or irnper
fec.tly known ; because Napoleon, in his
closet, was quite different front the emper
or in public; and Lcetutse this portion of
the palace has hitherto remained secret
For, in that new ami serious court, little
was said ; all were rigorously classed; so
that one saloon knew not what passed in
another. Finally, because it is difficult to
comprehend the great events of history
without a perfect knowledge ofthe charac*
ter and manners of the principal persona
ges-
“The time for deliberation had passed
and that for action liucl arrived. On the
7th of May, 1812, Napoleon, hitherto al
ways triumphant, quitted his palace, which
lie was destined never to re-enter victor!
(JUS,
14 From Paris to Dresden his march was
a continued triumph. Tho east of France
was first traversed ; that part of the em
pire was devoted to his service ; very dif
ferent from the west and south, she was
only acquainted with him by means of be
nefits and victories. Numerous and bril
liant armies, attracted by the fertility of
Germany, and which imagined themselves
marching to a prompt and certain glory,
proudly traversed those countries, scatter
ing their money among them, end consum
ing their productions. War, in that quar
ter, always bore the semblance of justice.”
What nn enormous influence Napoleon
E assessed in F.urope, may be collected
•oni the following citations,—
“ He had expressed a wish that the Em
peror of Austria, several kings and a crowd
of princes, should meet him at Dresden,
on his way: his desire was fulfilled; all
thronged to meet him ; some induced by
hope, others prompted by fear; for him
self, his motives were to feel his power, to
exhibit it, and enjoy it.
“ In his approximation with the nneient
house of Austria, lie was ambitious to ex
hibit to Germany n family meeting, lie
Imagined that so brilliant an assemblage
ot sovereigns would advantageously rou-
tjg8t with Uie isolated statg ol the Russian
monarch ; and that he would probably be
ot h ** alarmed lw so general u desertion, 4 .jit
mod to Announce that this war
at tho
subject; at night he fre(|tj k Miii%H'' jf^of Hoxtoii, n great mnnufm-turcr of bricks,
•One geheVnirereivedyi eho*o td convert'himself Inf# rhty foe the
VOL. VI.—No. 17, .
*w.‘wugi afcsaMfciaafc
pwafcU
against Russia was European.
“ lie was then in tho centre of Germa
ny, exhibiting to it bis spouse., the daugh
ter of its emperor, sitting liy his side.—
Whole nations had quitted their homes to
throng his path ; rich tlml poor, nobles
and plebians, friends and enemies, all hur
ried to the scene. Their cm'iotlsand nnV-
iotts groups vverc seen collecting in the
streets, the roads, and tho public places ;
they passed whole days and nights with
their eyes fixed on the doorsaml windows
of Itis palace. It was not his crown, his
rank, the luxury of Ids court, but him—
hituself tin whom they desired trt feast
their eyes; a memento of his features
which they were anxious to obtain ; they
wished to lie able to say to their less fortu
nate countrymen and posterity, that they
had seen Napoleon.
“Oil the stage poets so far degrade them
selves ns to make him a divinity. It was
in this manner, thut whole nations became
his flatterers.
“ There was, in fact, little difference be
tween kings and people in the homage of
their admiration ; no one thought of imi
tating ; the agreement was unanimous.—
Nevertheless the inward sentiments were
very different.
“ At this important interview, We were
attentive in nbservihgthc different degrees
of zeal which lliesd princes exhibited, and
the various shades of our chieftain’s pride.
We had hoped that his prudence, or the
deadened feelings of displaying his power,
would prevent him from abusing it; but
was it to be expected that lie, who while
vet an inferior never spoke to his superi
ors hut in the language of Command, and
who was now the conqueror and the mas
ter of them all, could submit to tedious and
minute details of ceremony ? lie, howev
er, displayed moderation, and even tried
to make himself agreeable ; but it was ob
viously an efFort, and not without allowing
the ennui he experienced to be perceived.
Among these princes lie bad rather the air
of receiving them, than of being by them
received.
“ On their side, it might be thought, that
knowing his pride, and hopeless of subdu
ing him, except by means of himself, these
monnrehs and their people only humiliat
ed themselves before him, in order to ag
gravate the disproportion of his elevation,
and by so doing, to dazzle his meal vision,
in their assemblies, their attitude, their
words, and even the tone of their voice,
attested his ascendancy over them. All
were assembled there for bis sake alone !
They scarcely hazard an objection, so im
pressed were they of the full conviction of
that superiority, of which he was himself
too well aware. A feudal lord could not
have exacted mote or Ins vassal chiefs
“ His levee presented a still more re
markable spectacle! Sovereign princes
mended in order to solicit nn audience of
the conqueror of Europe. They were so
intermingled with his officers, that the lat
ter were frequently obliged to take pre
cautions against involuntarily crowding
upon these new courtiers, who were Con
founded with them. It was that the pre
sence ofNnpoleon made distiuctionsdisap-
pear ; he was ns much their chief ns ours.
This common dependency appeared to put
all around him on a level. It is probable
that, even then, the ill disguised military
pride of several French generals gave of
fence to these princes; they conceived
themselves raised to nn equality with
them ; and, in fact, whatever may be the
noble blood and the rank of the vanquish
ed, the'victor becomes his equal.
“ The wisest among us, however, began
to be charmed ; they said, but in an under
tone, that u man must fancy himself more
than human to denaturalize and displace
every thing in this manner without fearing
to he involved in the universal confusion.
They saw these monnrehs quitting the pa
lace of Napoleon with their eyes inflamed,
and their bosoms swollen with the most
poignant resentment. They pictured them
during tho night, when alone with their
ministers giving vent to the chagrin with
which they were devoured. Every thing
was calculated to render their sufferings
more acute ! How importunate was the
crowd which it was necessary to pans
through, in order to reach the gate of their
proud master, while their own remained
deserted I Indeed all things, even their
own people appeared to betray them.—
While boasting of bis gooff fortune, was it
notevidenttbat lie wcwtnsultrng thqirmis
fortunes? They had therefore come to
Dresden in order to swell the pomp of Na
poleon’s triumph ; ft»r it was over them
that he thus triumphed ; each cry ofndtui
ration offered to him was a erv of reproach
to them ; his grandeur was their humilia
tion ; his victory their defeats
“Doubtless, they, in this manner, gave
vent to their bitter feelings ; and their ha
tred, day alter day, sunk more deeply into
their hearts. One princess was observed
to withdraw precipitately from this pain
ful position. The Empress of Austria,
whose ancestors General Bonaparte had
lispossessed in Italy, made herself re
marked by her aversion, which sho vainly
endeavored to disguise; it escaped from
her by an involuntary impulse, which Nil
poleon instantly detected, and subdued by
a smile: but she employed her spirit and
attraction in gently winning hearts to her
opinion) in order to sow then! afterwards
with the seeds of hate.”
At Dnntzic, Nupoleon “ended the in
spection of his immense magazines, and o
the second resting point and pivot of his
line of operations. Immense quantities of
provisions, adequate to the immensity of
the undertaking, were there accumulated
No detail hud been neglected. The active
and impassioned genius of Napoleon vvn
then entirely directed towards thut most
important anti difficult department of his
extwdition. Ill that he was profUsc of ex
hortrttions, orders and even money.
Which his letters itre a proof. Days w en
occupied ip dictating Instructions outing
ikttfoyi Agam.' geaorniT
a single day,’six despatches from him,
all distinguished by the same solicitude.
“ In one, these words were remarked —
44 For masses like these, if precautions he
not taken, the grain of no country can suf
fice.” In another, “ It will be requisite
for all the provision wagons to be loaded,
rice, vegetables, and brandy, besides what
is necessary fo - the hospital service. The
result of all my movements will assemble
401),01)1) men, on a single point. There
will be nothing then expected from the
country, & it will be necessary to have eve
ry thing Within outselves.” Rut,on the one
hand, tho means of transport were badly
calculated ; and, on the other, he allowed
himself to he hurried on, as aoun as he was
put in motion.
“ Front Kdnigsberg to Giitnb'siflrn, he
reviewed several of his armies ; convers
ing With the soldiers with a gay, frank, and
often abrupt air, well aware that wit# such
Unsophisticated and hardy diameters, ab
ruptness is looked upon us frankness, rude
ness as force ; haughtidess as true nobili
ty ; ami that the delicacy nnd refinements
of the higher classes arb in their eves no
better than Weakness and effeminacy;
they Appear to them like a foreign lan
guage, which they do not understand ; and
the accents of which strike them as ridicu
lous.”
Segtir particularly describes the posi
tions of the French many when upon the
verge of the Russian frontier, and after
wards inditlges in those expressions :
“Indeed, when war was kindled in all
quarters, hoW was it possible to avoid it?
The scenes of actions were not indifferent:
here Napoleon would bomirtatid in person ;
elsewhere, though tho Cause might be the
same, the contest Would be carried on un
der a different commanderi The renown
shared with the latter would be foreign to
Napoleon, on whom nevertheless depend
ed glory, fortune, every thing ; and it was
well understood, whether it was from pre
ference or policy; that he was only profuse
in his favors to them whose glory was
identified with his glory; and that lie re
munerated less generously Such exploits
as were not his. It was requisite, there
fore, to serve in the army which lie com
manded ; thence the anxiety of young jtitd
old to fill its ranks. What chief had ever
before so many means of power? There
was a lioiie which he could not flatter, ex
cite or satiate.
“ Finally, we loved him as tiie compa
nion of our labors; as the chief who had
conducted us to renown. The astonish
ment and admiration which he inspired
flattered our self love ; for these we shar
ed in common with him.
“ At this period every one was free to
he ambitious: a period of intoxication and
prosperity, during which the French sol
dier, lord of nil things by victory, consider
ed himself greater than the nobleman, or
even the sovereign, whose lands lie tra
versed! To him it appeared as if the
kings of Europe only reigned by permis
sion of his chief and of lii.s arms.
" Thus it was that habit attached some,
disgust ut camp service, others; novelty
prompted the greater part, nnd especially
tin; desire of glory ; but all were stimulat
ed by emulation. In fine, confidence in a
hiei’wbo had linen always fortunate, and
hope of an early victory, which would ter
minate the war at a blow, and restore us
to our firesides ; for a war, to the entire ar
my of Napoleon, (as it was to some volun
teers ofthe court of Louis XIV,) was often
no more than a single battle, or u short but
brilliant journey.
“ They were noW nbout to carry such a
war to the extremity of Europe, where
never European army had been before.—
They were about to erect the columns of
Hercules. The greatness of the enter-
prize ; the agitation of co-operating Eu
rope ; the ini|)osing apparatus of an Army
of40(1,000 foot; and 80,000 horse ; so ma
ny warlike reports and martial clamours,
kindled the minds of veterans themselves.
It was impossible for the coldest to remain
unmoved amid the general impulse ; to
escape from the Universal influence.
“In conclusion; without any of the
above motives for animation, the composi
tion ofthe army was good, and every good
army is desirous of war.”
We cannot take further untiro of the
ireful passage of the Nictncn, by the nr-
riy, than what respects the leader—
“Napoleon, who lind travelled in a car
riage till that time, mounted his horse at
2 o’clock in the morning, lie reconnoi
tred the Russian rivev w'fthovit disguising
himself, as has been falsely asserted, and
under cover ofthe night crossed this boufi
dttry, which five months afterwards he
was only enabled to fe-paPs under cover
ol’tbe same obscurity. When he came
up to the hank, his horse suddenly stum
bled, and threw him on the sand. A voice
exclaimed, “ this is a bad omen: a Unman
would recoil !” It is not known whether
it was himself, or one of his retinue, who
pronouheed those Words.”
rtlOM TIIK XKW HtbSTHt.Y MARA/INF.
.Mr. Mark Higginbotham's case qf real dis
tress.
“ What in thy name ?
Tliou’lt be afraid to hear it.”—Macbeth.
I believe I may confidently appeal to the
whole circle of our acquaintance, whet he
both myself and my wile Wbretipt iniiver
sully respected as Air. and Mrs. Mark Ho
tners, of Bentinek street and Engletiel
green, ot both of which residences our pur
ties, though not niitnerous, were litahlonn
blc anil select; and our dinners, thou
rare, quite as profuse of plate und French
wines as was consistent with our income
Indeed I havo reuson to think they wer
rather more so, for we were generally con
detuned to n fast after a feast, often deny
ing ourselves permanent comforts for (he
sake of an occasional luxury. However,
we were Ah happy us two people could be
who were doomed to support existence on
little better than two thousand a year; and
benefit of future bfickmaker-V touting rh
whole of his immense fortune to his only
relative, Mrs. Murk Homers. A great mis-
fnrtitno truly! niethinks I liter the render
exclaim. Alas! It proved so to me, for it
was vitiated and tainted with one conditi
on which poisoned all the happiness it
might have otherwise conferred, namely,
that I should take and wear the abhorred
name of Higginbotham! I had ever been
iqcamisli, fastidious, fantastical nbout
names, Ibo more so as I bud always eonsi-
lercd my own particularly etiphonous and
genteel; und to 1«; fobbed of it thus liticx-
loctedlv, nnd made tho nominal represen
tative of a vile lioxton dealer in argillaco-
irallelogrunis—the thought was into
lerable. Too well was I aware that all
our friends nnd acquaintance would re
venge themselves for our Recession of for
tune by an unmerciful raillery and inter
minable quizzing of its hideous appendage.
\lrcndy did the odious appellation hiss in
mine ears by day, and haunt them in my
dreams. The faces of my friends danced
before my imagination so completely man
tied over and flackering with ridicule, that
there was not room to stick a single pin in
them without transfixing some cursed jibe
or jeer, some latent, irony, nr open and
malicious snigger. I shall be told tlml tins
was a preposterous source of misery ; per*
'laps so, but still it was, nnd is otie; and
and others have been plunged into as deep
an affliction by causes apparently more tri
vial. ‘ Would any one believe,’ says the
learned Waldcrstein in his Diary, ‘ that I
have been often wretched, because for the
last twenty years I have never been able
to sneeze three times together !’ IIow
cheerfully would I consent never to sneeze
again for the whole remainder of my life,
if I could only disburthen myself of this
miserable,■ mean, and degrading sobriquet.
So humiliating and insupportable did it
appear to me, that I seriously proposed to
my Wife an abandonment ofthe legacy up
on such grievous terms, extolling our pr
sent happiness, and urging the sufficiency
of our means for all rational gratifications
but she laughed at my arguments, nnd was
inexorable to my most pathethrtic entrea
ties. ‘’Twill be hut a nine day’s wonder,
sho ejtclaimcd, ‘ and we must brazen the
thing ns well ns we can,consoling ourselves
with the pleasures of a substance, for any
temporary pains that may be. inflicted by
mere name. What’s in a name"
Shakespeare says. A rose by any other
name would smell as sweet.’ ‘ Ay, and n
great deal sweeter,’ I replied, * if any other
could he substituted for this Unfortunate
one of lliggin botham,’ I would have
suid, but that ominous 4 A men struck in
my throat.’ 4 Besides, continued I, 4 does
not Shakespeare elsewhere assert that ‘lie
who filches from me my good name,’ makes
me poor indeed?— 4 Well then, my dear'
replied my wife, 4 Shakespeare tells a sto
ry, for you have been made rich, not poor
by the process.’ * Rich in Worldly things,
l resumed with a sigh ‘but cognominnlly 1
am impoverished, degraded, sunk deciie
than plummet ever sounded. Were it u
fair name, I could submit; hilt this is a
nick name, a byword, a reproach. Give a
dog an ill name, says the proverb, and
hung him.—Never dog had a worse than
mine, and i feel already ns if I were hung
up aloft for the finger of scorn to lie wag
ged at, and condemned to stand in the pil
lory of my own appellation, as the wretch
llig —No, 1 cannot pronounce it
Take any name but that, nnd my firm
nerves shall never tremble.’ Would I
ould he 4 a man again,’ and look the world
boldly in the face with the happy liapt
and patronymic appellation which I
once possessed! If the horrid and unfeel
ng old briekmaker had only left me half
his fortune, upon condition of taking half
his name, 1 might have been happy, which
ever moiety hehad inflicted upon tne. Th
latter portion indeed might have subjected
me to a hidricous perversion of the testa
tor’s meaning, as I am of somewhat Gren
villinn strlictufo (being distantly related to
the Tdniplcs;) but still it Would have been
infinitely better than the compound rain
mity under whirli I am now suffering.’
For some time I attempted (it was ra
tHer an unmanly expedient I must confesi
to make a compromise with my ignominy
by writing letters and describing myself
tradesmen and others ns the late Air. Mn
Somers; but this was falling froth Hevlhi
to Ciinrybdis, for it presently got rumor
ed that L was dead, and Pntridge himself
was nevbt' exposed to more annoyance
than I drew down upon nivdevoted head
by this incautious mode of expression.—
Like that celebrated living defunct, I actual
ly encountered a respectable ulun in black,
standing upontny drawing robin table, who
told me he was come from the undertaker
to measure the walls for mourning hang
ings, and asked directions about the coffin
and the funeral; While the clergyman, the
sextotl, and half a dozen more came gently
to the floor with tristful visages, nnd were
not to he persuaded, without considerable
difficulty, that ] was still olive, as Mr. Hig-
ginhotham, though unfortunately extinct
as Mr. Mark Somers.
Shortly after this occurrence, while
standing in my hall, I heard the postman
knack nnd inquire whether there was any
servant in the bouse named Higginbotham,
ns he hud got a letter so directed. Well
might the fellow imagine, that no master
of an establishment, no decent person in
fact, could own so base and vulgar alt ap
pellation. This heightened my disgust ut
the nttrocious conduct of the old brickntak-
er, ntul nt that very instant n l'ut Wretch
came to solicit some assistance, who llig-
ginbothnmed me nt every other word of a
long tab: of distress, & concluded by saying
she bail formerly worked as rliar Woman
“ for.AJrs, Higginbotham as is.” Revolt
ing as the word hail ohvov s appeared when
applied to irtyself, it seemed ten times more
hideous when visited upon «<i gentle n wo
man Hsmy wife, i believe I ticiunlly shed
a tear as 1 turned away, not ut the fat wo
ubinit tamely to the insult of hearing such
a ftlur-sy liable defilement, applied t*6 my
vvifb.
Nevertheless if became necessary to
bear my fate like it man, to face the world
boldly with my Unetti'itnblo name, and run
the gauntlet of public ridicule, however
pointed nnd provoking. We accordingly
engaged ourselves to one of Lady S ’s
immense routs in Arlington street, whither
I betook myself with as much alacrity as a
criminal to the scaffold, or a lamb to the
slaughter-house. As there was no record
ing angel to let fall a tear tlpon the word
us I gave it hi, and blot it out forever, the
servant at the door announced mn with it
half-suppressed titter, and another on the
Innding place, converting my Christian
.name into n verb ofthe imperative mood,
repeated it nftcr tho following fashion,—
Mr. nnd Mrs (mark !)....and then spite
fully shouted out at the tup of his voice tlm
snul-harrowingand hated ‘Higginbotham I’
Never shall I forget the nudging of elbows
and gigling of saucy faces ns they vulgarly
gazed after mo; nor Hie blank' astonish
ment, sudden stare, and polite though inso
lent simpernf the Company in the drawing
robin Upon hearing such a name announ
ced in shell an assemblage. Anxious to
show that I was somebody, I bustled up to
two or three ncnuniutnuccs whom I recog*
! sed in the throng, but they seemed ca
l'to disclaim all connexion with any
such hideous and awfully plehinti sound,
and etteoured themselves behind impene
trable masses of visitants. My guilty con
science suggested fo me that 1 was as much
shunned as Peter Hclflethild when he had
lost his shadow, & I felt proportionally irri
tated against what {conceived to he the ar
rogance and impertinence of the company.
At tills critical moment, when 1 wus just
ready to boil over, a heavy man placed |fls
heel upon toy corn, and in that ago ;V of
nientnl and bodily suffering being prepar
ed to convert every thing into an intenti
onal insult, I turned upon him, exclaiming
fiercely, as I fumbled for a card, 4 Sir, my
name is Higginbotham.’.,.. 4 My dear Hir,’
replied the gentleman with a polite bow,
and a provoking calmness, 4 1 have not the
mallest doubt, it is ; you look as if it were.’
Heavens! what an Indignity! not only to
bode facto, n real, Jive, bonajidk, Higgin
botham, but to be told that I look like erte !
Ivcn now I blush nt the follies 1 commit
ted on that ill fated evening, while smarting
‘or the first agony of mv new title ; and
when I inform you, Mr. Editor, that 1 am
kely to retain tit at execrable appendage,
and lo«C the money that accompanied it,
(the particulars of which Will form the sub
ject of a future letter,) I think you will ad
mit there never wus a cose of more real
listress, than thut of your unfortunate cor
respondent. Mark IIiuginbotiiam.
bo We might have continued, blit that my man’s stoft, (lor 1 bitted the foul-mouth
wife’s uncle, Mr. 7!mom" iii^.T^omaiw Ht °' vu » bt ' in ’ obl ^** 1
MEXICO.
We give below, from the National Jour
nal, an authorized translation of the Re
port of the Mexican {Secretary of State,
on Foreign Relations. It is unhceessnry
(adds the editor) to call the attention of
our renders to this interesting paper—It is
document of sufficient importance to
oininnud the attention of All. The only
euiark we shall at present make upon the
subject, is the expression of the sincere
astire we feel in tho strong evidett
affords ofthe. friendly disposition of
co towards tho people and govern
the United State.—Ball. Jjmerican
Report by the Secretary of State, to t
gras ifMcriro, at the session of 1825,
[■rnAXSI.ATION.]
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
The invasion of Spain by France, and
its result, drew the attention of all Europe
to America. The now Spanish Cabinet,
eager to re-establish the empire of Spain
over this section ofthe globe, solicited the
Monnrehs of F.urope to assemble in Con
gress, to consider our state, and decide up
on ottr destiny. It was also expected, thut
the necessary aid would be thus obtained,
to recruit the exhausted resources of the
Peniusula. Thntthe fear of reviving ihc
long established monopoly of Spain might
not deter commercial nations from acced
ing to llns invitation, tho King of Spain
granted to all flags the privilege of ti'ading
with the Americans, reserving to the Span
ish certain Advantages, These pretensions
ofthe Qubi net of Madrid are truly astonish
ing. Presuming to the exercise of autho
rity over n people wlm, long since, denied
the rigli, Spain desires to assume the
charge of government, while she secures
to other nations its benefits. Were she to
abandon the chimeric notion of subjecting
ns, tho friendly relations which sho might
ullivato with tis would seeuro to her im
portant ndvanta ges.
The Spanish Covelmment by this system
has given a new direction to European po-
icy. England, in reply to tho invitation
ofthe Minister of King Ferdinand, declin
ed attending the proposed Congress ; and
in the papers presented by the English Mi
nistry to the Parliament, which were pub
lished, she frankly disclosed the liberal
principles which were to guide her con
duct. Without refusing to recognize our
independence, England desired that Spain
should first take this important stop, indi
cating at the same time, that she wduld
not long wait tho shifting policy of the
Cabinet of Madrid, and she openly declar
ed, that she could not suffer any power,
or league of jrowers, to interfere with nn
armed force ns the auxiliary of Spuiu, in
the questions pending betwixt her, and her
colonies. The resolution ofthe President
of the United Stutes of America, atiuou,ne
ed in tiis message to tiie Congress ot Ic '.r,
« ms of a similar character ; and as Franco
about the same time declared her friendly
dispositions; there are well founded reasons
for believing that onr independence will
soon he recognized by the nations of Eu
rope. This will greatly iiontrilmte to the
regular organization of tho different go*
varmiichi s of our continent, le'retcfi'Ve ad
ministered provisionally, ou>* to the full
advantage of the Into gloriq,^ events,
wld'i, liave forever prevented the restora
tion of Spanish d^nlluon in Peru.; This
I flattering pci'vi-f thv, however, will not di-
uunsh the vigjjatieoof ihegnverBincht, bu f
connecting defensive preparation# t*dfli
pacific negotiations, we Mil ever bit readv ,
to conclude honourable pence, or repeT
hostile invasion.
This is, concisely, the state of foreign
t Ini icy In relation to tills republic ; and the
measures of tho ftovernmont have beett^
adapted fo circtnffMtmees. A .Minister Pig-
nipoteiitiary was appointed to tile govern
ment of Ills Britanic. Majesty, as soon ns
its friendly dispositions were known, wbi.<
wus also e in powered to institute negocin-
tions with all the European powers, not 4
excepting Hpaiii ; and although the ques
tions agitated have lioi been definitively set
tled, they nre^iii favourable progress. An
our commercial relations with Great Bri
tain me constantly enlarging, und ns tho
loans intimately affect our financial opera
tions, it was dceinen proper to appoint u
(.'otisul General to that Kingdom, who wan
authorized to designate Vice Consuls for
the ports whore commerce should require
them. He was particularly instructed im
relation to the exercise of his delicate
commission.
The < 'on-'id General appointed by Hi?
Britannic Majesty, end other Consuls for
the principal ports of the Republic, have
assumed the exercise of their functions 4
nnd their commissions liuvc been acknow
ledged by official exequaturs. Tiie diplo
matic agents from that government have*
been received and regarded with the con
sideration due to a nation which was tho
first among those of Europe to open rela
tions of friendship und good corVcspon-
deile.e with the Republic. These will be
come mote intimate, With the frequent
and regular communications that liavo
been established by means of packet ships,
which sail from Liverpool every month
for the conveyance of despatches arid cor
respondences. They will also be strength
ened by the irhpulsn which tills arrange
ment. will give to trade, arid by the multi*,
plication of commercial interests between
the two nations. Onr commercial inter
course Vvitlrothcr nations lias considerably
increased ; and they now perceive how
important to all aru the advantages of our
| independence.
Hostile measure* have been prosecuted
against Spain nnd her commerce; and to
obstruct supplies for the castle of San Juan
dc Ulun, a blockade of this fortress has
been proclaimed, which lifts been respect
ed by the English vessels of war anchored,
at the Islo of Hncrificios.
The President of tho Republic lias beeit
desirous, ever since his election of des
patching an Agent, to Rome, to adjust reli
gious concerns with his Holiness. Butsi
tho onuses that have hitherto prevented]
him, will Ito made known in the Metiioriak
to be submitted by the Secretary for Jus
tice and Ecclesiastic Affairs.
The friendship that has subsisted xviib
the United States of America, since the-
declaration of independence, lias not been
interrupted. Thut government nppoindti
a Minister Plenipotentiary to reside near
this Court ; uud the failure of his nrrivdl
has had no connection with the friendly
relations that unite the two nations. Btr
Don Pablo Obregon was sent by this re
public. to that government with equal pow
ers, nnd, according to official communica
tions, he has lieeri received nnd recognised
by tho President at Washington.
The nature of the cause, nml identify of
interests, which belong to all the countries
of America, that havo broken the yoke of
Spain, connect them so closely, that al
though separated, nnd acknowledging dif
ferent centres of government, they may
still bo said to compose a whole, of Homo
geneous parts. These circumstances bind
them together, and cause the reverses and
tho prosperity of each to be felt by all.—
They nre disposed mutually to assist in the
attainment ofthut which is their common
object.
To rtSguinte our movements, And to on*
ghnize these combined forces, tho Colom
bian government conceived tho grand de
sign of forming a general league of all the
American States heretofore under the do
minion of Spain. Invitations for this pur
pose were |nade to the governments, and
treaties of alliance and confederation con
sequently formed. A treaty with this go
vernment was concluded on the 3d of Oc
tober, 1823, approved by the Congress on
2d December instant, and ratified by the
Executive, the same day. This was a!®o
approved liy the Congress of Colombia,
nud ratified by tiie government ; but its
publication inis been deferred, because oF
its not Imring received a fbrniul ratifica
tion.
At the moment of our independence,
the President of thut republic npjioimed u
Minister Plenipotentiary near the Provi
sional Government which we had at that
thuo; who continues the exercise of his
functions. The Minister appoint'd on
tho part of this government, to reside at
Bogota, has been prevented from reaching
his distillation by various causes; but that
the iiiiportahfComniunications arising out
of our intimate relations might not he ob
structed, the Secretary of the Legation
Ims been ordered to that Court, to exer
cise the office of Charge lie Affairs till the
arrival ofthe Minister.
The independence ofthe ancient king
dom of Guatemala, having been formally
recognised under the title of tiie United
Provinces of Central America, by atleeree
ofthe Congress, on the 25th of August r.f
Inst year, the Minister Plenipotentiary de
puted by that government, has been re
ceived as accredited to tins Court. It wart
UtJVtniiniroti w ajipuimT*iiniWmtcij) «t irrr r '
nistcr of like character, to reside at tiie
capital of the new republic. Tliis lias not
yet been (lone, but nuiy be expected iu A
short time.
Arnopg the provinces whose indepi 4 ^*
tlvin'b was recognized UJid'af the
ing title, v,fls not tomprehend.tJ*{'1!5fet hi
FL.',apns, which continuqtl independent v»y
both nations. They pave acknowledge^
thh ri'd.ht of tills province to duVe.ru,ine, t<>
which ofthe two republics,between which
it lies, it would attach itself. To have re*
ttninetl a long time iu hesitancy wc. V