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FORMIC* IV.
motf THE NKW-VOHK COURIER AM) r.HQt’lKF.K, OCT. 11.
| 4 ATU FHOITt KiKOPB.
The London packet ship Philadelphia, Gapt. Chnni-
pJin, ha* arrived at N. York, after the very short passage
of 25 days. She left Portsmouth on the 17th Hcpt.
The Puna datea are of the 1.1th September last, but
they are barren of intelligence of any interest. The
extracts made by the Fnmch journal* from other Conti
nental papers, are upon the whole exlutieating for the
fate of the unfortunate Polea. It is said the King of.
Pntasia lias shown a disposition to repeal his decrees .
respecting his Polish exiles in the Prussian dominions: i
and that even Nicholas, influenced porhans by the re- j
presentations of the British M inister, Lord Durham, re- |
cently sent on a special mission to Lis Court, is about
to adopt a more humane count* of policy towards Po
land.
A riot bad been discovered at Ilornn in Switzerland,
the ornoct of which is not defined, hut it had caused
considerable ferment throughout the Confederation.—
A'otwithftcriding the large bodies of Austrian troona
whi .h cluster round ttm fronfiar, ft* alarm fell for the
integrity of the Rwia* territory had begun to atihafJe.
In lira interior of Prance nothing ot importance has
occurred; a letter of the 12tk, from Paris, save,—“The
arrival of Joseph fcmapartu in England tax caused lit
tle MUsation at Paris. He is not n man likely to engage
in a conspiracy, and ia almost forgotten uora. The
member of the inmily spoken of is the aon of Lou
ie, but even of him little is known. It is reported that
Jo50pli Bonaparte is about Li proceed to Rome, fiom
•I<onaon; with what truth vou probably know. With
the exception of himself, nephew above alluded to.
and Archille Murat, the whole family, M. Loou includ
ed, are at llmuo.
The situation of Don Vadro at Oporto remains near
ly the same. The fleet of Don Miguel had been refit
ted, and was again ready to sail from the T.igu*. Ad
miral Sartoriub vVWrpreparcd to give a good account of j his \iuj«*-tv
him. Ilacruita are raising for Don Fe«5ra in Nanfea, I * , ***-“ “’**•* -
Cherbourg, Bordeaux, hu.1 various parM of EugUmJ ;
and supplies of aunuunilion, Ac. arc despatched to hiiu
from dinevont porta. It would seem that the naval force
undi-r Sartorius had received some addition. The
Spanieli Consul at Opofto had been discovered carry
ing on a clandestine cvirrcapoitdenca *iith the off! cam of
tho Spanish Government eu tha frontiers, ami had been
arr.Gtod. Ge ••ral At in* end other Spanish couatitu-]
tin tin lists having shov.’n a dGporirinn to join Don Pedro,
he. by a public order, declined their assistance.
The army of th« 1‘uslu of P.gypt continues to obtain
seasiderahle advantages over that of the Grand rieg-
nior, and tbe very exist*!*.* ot tiio Turkish Empire, ap
pears to he threatened.
The affairs of Holland Belgium still remain in
thn .-vunc position.
. From Ireland tbe nccoimts are distressing in the ex
treme. At the rinu in Walletown, near Doncrailo, a
number of lives wers h*at. Fergus O’Connor. Esq.
and Captain James Ludlow Htowcll, had been * nested
by <Government fW attei«diu« s till*) meeting. Thn
Irish Secretary, Mr. Stanley, it is aaid, has expressed n
determination to restore •rtuiqnility to Ireland, by the
most energetic m amres.
I'he Duchess d’Aitgcmleine, and Uki daughter of the
Duthess da Bern, had embarked in Ixmdotl for Ham
burg, on thsirway to Grata. She was visited in Lon
don by die Kiugsiid tinm-n *f England, end many of
the nobility. Charles X. would soon fidlow bar. This
removal it appears. 1ms no connection with politics, hut
is nlo!i« caused by th« staLi of lb** health of ike Duchess,
which require* a ruildor dimat* than that of ttcoiiaud.
PORTUGAL.
Tho Editors of the journal of Cmnmorre hate been
favored with (he following extract of a letter dated,
Opurto, Aug. iHth, HW.
Tho invading army is without cavalry, is weak in ar
tillery, has no moans of transport, and dooa not now a-
mount to 8000 effective rank and file.
If it remains stationary, it is surrounded on nil sides,
and can cell only the city its own. Villa Nova, where
our lodges are, has been twice cannonaded, /»r*l it *h
to hs given up if seriously attacked.
If it advances, it has to march 200 mils* before it
reaches Lisbon,—must fore* die passage of several
broad and deep rivers, leaving the city open to iIh>
troops of LH»u Miguel, uuiiouod further North, having
to pass through an exhausted country, with a euparwr
army in front.
We have had before tho bar a fleet so groatly superior
to Don Pedro’s, that it ought to hare blockaded us.—
Provisions are getting scarce.
In fuel, if the country does not rise in fnvnr of Don
Pedro, wa art likely to be abut up ami sno onr projxurty
in other hands.
Another paper says of Pottngal i—Th* war in this
country languishes almost too point of ridicule, nod in
the slight conflicts which casually Sake place between
the hostile parties, it has been made a great feature by
the Koyuiiet General, to communicate his tms/ficions.
that some of the enemy wore trounded ! The annexed
letters detail all that is really known of affair** on each
side.
Oporto, flopt. 4.—Tho’nomtion of Don Pedro baa
materially improved since f last wrote to you, and those
who were then most doubtful of his cause admit that hi*
present security is complete, and that he has established
a post from whence he can in safety organize his future
plans. The conduct of the Miguelitc generals is nviac-
aountable. The town was at their mercy the day after
the battle of Ponte Ferreira ; but, with an inconceiva
ble infatuation, they put oft the attack from day to day,
though they must have been aware of the progress of
Don Pedro’s works, until Op«wto has been put into u
state of efficient defence, which defies any force that
they can bring against it. and which will require an or
ganized army, with a train of heavy artillery, to reduce it.
Don Miguel’s generals have drawn a cordon within
three league* of tin- town, and they have made several
demonstration* on tho principal roads, hut invariably
Tetiro when they perceive that their movements aro ob
served.
Lisbon, Wont. 1.—Admiral Sartorious write* to a
friend that he has now got such a reinforcement, a* will
insure him sucres*, if Campos’ sqnadrnn come* ant;
and aaya double Den Miguel’* army in the North could
Hot take Oporto. Everyday give* the appearance of
there being something amis*. Lisbon ia quiet, but there
appear* to he a heavy glnnm on the fnre of every Roy
alist. Great number* are wanting to got away to Opor
to, but the guard bostn are so numerous round every
vessel going out, it is almost impossible to pet away.—-
A young cadet waste have Keen executed mi the Castle
to-day, for attempting to get on hoard a foreign vessel.
Upwards of 2000 men. including several hundred
Poles, will, wo understand, soon leave France for O-
porto ; and in about a fortnight, a similar force, from
another point, will be on its way to that city. Among
those who have alrc*dv been sent out, aro some excel
lent cavalry soldiers, for whom horses have been pro
vided, and in less than a fortnight, Don Pedro will po*-
•css the cavalry' force which he considered necessary for
immediate operation*.
Col. Murat ha* left England for Oporto, to join the
Constitutional troops. Among the. volunteers front
France, in Don Pedro’s army, are a nephew of Hyde
de Neuville, and a grand son nf fsifayette.
Loynon, Sepl. 6.—Don Pedro continues in Oporto,
and ii would seem as tf *'m highest ambition was to
. flint
Afler a protracted and anxious inquiry, tho eoioiw • jurv
broucht in their\eiiliet of juiitijinbh hmniri>1t•, on he halt
of nil the parties who look so fatal a p«»it in thiMitlri 1
It nppenrs,gay s the Morning Cliiniui lc ot die Ju
the Magistrates who were present on the oeeasum, ex-J
cried themselves w iih a becoming earnestness to dissuade
the wivtehnl peoph* from the course they were jmisuilig ',
lint we cannot h Ip ex]*ress»ng our regret thut uu experi
ment wns not made upon the ferns ot the multitude before (
recourse was hud to the last extremity. Tho experiment j
to which we allude, is the usual one nf firing blank car- i
tridge in the first instance. Such n practice is very common, j
nod lots ollen been successful in diM|»crsing an mnlieiplincd i
mob, cspce.iHllv where., ns in the present ease, it consisted,
in a great measure, of women anu children. It is true that ;
the course pursued eut short tin* business, and saved u great I
deal of trouble—a consideration which will, no doubt, i«-
cntnniend it to the prefen*ne.e of iiihiiv serious jmlitii-inns.—
ill, if rousidiTiitions of humanity may Ik* )Mjnuitled to
mingle with ati affair involving the right of Chureh proper-
ty, we Iiojm* that some further cxplatmtiou will Ik* given be
yond wlmt we have been able to find ill the reported evi
dence. t >f this, at least, we are sure, that if it cun be. done,
h ought to Is-done.
Another circumstance deserving of notice in the Irish
psp *rs, is, the following extract from the letter of a com- |
mereial traveller, to his employer:—
M I would advise you to rtinke s large speculation in arse
nic, as I find a considerable increase in the demand for it
thmughmit these country parts. I was at first surprised
st this, but chance led trie min the secret. One shopkeep
er in ■ ■ - told me that he had sold 1011m. of arse
nic to a farmer who wanted to salt some tithr-hay under
seizure, which was intended to la; purchased by the <Vmi-
isissariut; and that it was generally understood throughout
the country that all tithr-hay would Ik? better lor Wing
salted. 1 ei|H*el to get orders for four time* the. quuntity of
arsenic I ever sold in this district before.”
'I’his a shocking statement, but we eminot, without fur
ther pxaif to conuei i it to unother shocking statenient, rc-
gnt / il **s a satisfactory solution of the burning of property
oy the (’lirgvineu and Mug innate*, alluded .
Among ilioin is onn inwl nonnrkniils cnllo.l (lio fiornmn j
Chose Song, in which, the pcoj.h*. aro represented as ,
limiting their thirty-eight rttl.-v-- mil of the country, it
is mlaptod to tlio uir to which llu* I’oles sung it stintlftr
song when they expelled CoiisiaitiiutJ, the Cruel, froio
Ki.no of the French.—Louii Philip, Duke of Or
ient)*, the present King of the French, was horn on the
C,th of fh tober, 1771, eldest-on of the late Duke, and
of Louise .Maria Adelaide, dn tighter of the Duke of Hour*,
bon Penthicvrio, Admiral of France. The history of
lliis monarch would form a romance. His early edu
cation was entrusted to the celebrated Madame tie Gen
ii*. In 170*2, he entered the French army, was at \ al
oua community, would not ho surprised by any on
rfuoli is the uniform testimony of nil foreign
ers. .
Although ngriculture is in its infancy nrnotig tnam,
its final success is by no means problematical, r.x-
tensivc orchards of lemon and orange trees have been
planted; their growth has hern rapid, and the pro
duce abundant. In two venrs from the seed, the
peach tree bends under its fruit. The fig is produced
in great plenty. The Irish and sweet polntoc, and all
kinds of garden vegetables grow and produce well -as
also, wheat, rye, barley, oats, and nil (lie small grains
and plants common to the United rttates. Sugar,
cotton, and indigo ara cultivated to advantage, and
mv, and is allowed by Dumourii
victory on the field of Gemappe
pn
rpapoi
i*uyufnr Fet'Hng.*— A quantity of whiskey, distiller
Th,c k • ... . , .1
\ aim* i
»f £*20,-
iv* since jn Fork, for dntie* dm
A aide was duly adierlixrd, but although
full atieudance of spirit-deulrr*, uot a single
oflier I’ould be obiaiui d tor the srlielefi, aliliouul. they were
put Up -.( the luwesi rate*. The nulo was consequently ud-
jourcied.— iiubUti Ftir/u/ig Mail.
POLAND.
'Hie preaynt state of this wronged and snfTrring
country is described as follows, by tho private corres
pondent of a Pari* paper:—
War-aw, August *2.—The population ofi Warsaw,
which before tho i^.hh of November. amounted
to sou In, is now reduced to 00,000. In the
principal street*. Pole* are rarely seen, which, instead,
are crowded with Russians and Jew*. It in the same
iu nil the public place*, although the number of case*
are increased to twice the former number. The cor
ruption of the poorer women i* at it* lowest degree.—
Tlie Kusoiftii otlicerw are received in no respectable
houses. Each night the. Russian soldier* occupy every
corner of the town, and retire to their barracks only
by day. To replace the recruit* who are sent in mas
ses from Poland, and the Polish government, into the
interior of Russia, aud even as far as Asia, troops are
continually arriving m Poland from the furthest points
et the empire. The msiuied or blind are only exempt
ed. It is impossible to have an idea of the aruiy
which is being organized in Poland ; notion^ uuu be
more disgusting or more miserable.
The hatred ugaiust die Russians wa* very great du
ring die war, but ut present the thirst for vengeance i*
without hounds. A young man was lately flogged to
death, who, after having served in the national army
r*fu-4d to put uu the Russian uniform. A number of
spies are on the watch to iiud out every thing that
said or dona.
GERMANY.
Tbe political state of Germany is becoming every
day more interesting, because more portentous. A let
ter from W’isbaden, winch wa find in die London
Tunes, *
The feelings of the best men in the country mar he
learned by the following obserration* of one who i*
generally •steamed and beloved.—”1 am attaehad to
my country, and to tbe spot which gave birth to me
and rny ancestors; hut if it is again to sink into slave
ry—if an arbitrary {Sovereign i* again to make us his
surfs, I will aeii all, and ©ungrate to the 1 United Stale*
of America, in order that w lien dying I may have the
couxolution of leaving to my children the benefit of
freedom, aud of a country which values aud maintains
tbe right* of human natme.”
The ships Hunt settle, *nj lUnnint/ham, both at New-
Ynrk, bring London paper* to the 7th, and Liverpool to
do- ^tli oil. inclusive.
Charles X. ex-king of France, had obt.Miieri pass
port* from tlie British governmcril, and was about to de
part witii his family, for Germany.
Il is again repeated lli.it tho affairs of Belgium aro on
(lie eve of soUicnicnt.
I'dtuiwrgh, Sejft. 12.—"It grieve* u* deeply to state
that not many hour* can elan no ere tho gee at author of
‘ V\ averly’ will he no more.’’
btetfurhutd.—A letter of tho 0th September from
Colmar, says, “ Yesterday die whole of the Burghc
ttf Basic were under arms. Th« government of Lies-
td. on the other hand, took every nccesHary mosnure to
tepel every attack that might f>« made. 'Both parties
display tho utmost animosity against each other, it ap
pears that the whole of the Sivi.-m aristocracy, a* well a*
aotnc ot the foreign agents, took part in iho ]>!ot rhal h.ui
been discovered at Berne. All fewitzeliind wa* to have
U*en overturned; and it is said that the conspirators
entertained hopes that the disorders which would have
been thus created would have been sullicienl to provoke
the interference of foreign powers.
Ancona, August JR).—'there are very serious troubles
in Greece, especially at Missolonghi, where much blood
has been shed. The Greeks appear jio longer to res
pect the foreign troops, uud are said to have had some
atl'rsvs with the French, of which the particular.! arc
not known.
Accounts from Naples of Aug. Ifllb, states that tha
stream* of lava from Vesuvius destroyed the paths
by which the summit of the mountain was attainable,
and that it ha* therefor# been necessary to commence
new o«e* for tho»« wh*» desire to obtain a near inspuc
tiub of the interesting phenomena daily occurring.
ritrnclt from late English Fnpers,
Ma.NCVVESTBR.’BBpt, JJ.
f’nnT.FBA Riot.—I.a*t evening between file hour* of
flvo and six o’clock, this town was thrown into a state of
great alarm, in consequence of a most serious disturb
ance breaking out nt New Cross and Ht. George’s
Road, the neighborhood of the Cholera Hospital. The
sired* were thronged by several thousands of people,
principally of the low er ela** ; a party of whom carried
a eothn, containing the body of a little hoy, apparently
about the age of four years : the head hail been severed
from the trunk, and even' now and then the mob stop
ped and exhibited the headless trunk; and the party who
carried it. addressed tho multitude assembled, staling
that tbe hoy had been murdered by the doctors in the
Cholera Hospital, they. the party, having examined the
body, and having found il without a head, the child be
ing w en nearly well in the hospital the previous even
ing. In this way the mob passed through the principal
street* in the town, augmenting in numbers at every
When that General
d over to the Austrian c amp, he took with him the
voting Prince who retired into Switzerland. Under the
name of M. Corby, the descendant of Henri Uuatre
offered himself a* a teacher of mathematics to the Col
lege of Grison*. at C’oire, and there subsisted until the
fall of Robespierre, in 17!>4. He then sailed to Ameri
ca, shortly after visited England and ripnin, returned a
second time to this country, took n house at Twicken
ham and in M>t», went to Airily, w hore he espoused the
present (iueen, Maria Amelia, daughter of King l«r-
dinand IV’. On lyOilis the XV Ill’s restoration, he went
to Paris, and was made Colonel General of Hussars.
Napoleon landing in 1*15, the Duke in union with the
Court d’Artois attempted to oppose the progress of
the nnperinliHfs at Lyons; but the troops revolted, and
he returned to Paris. He was immediately sent into
the north, hut there also the army refused to obey. Up
on thi» he gave up the command to Mortier, and follow
ed tin* fortune* of the King. In Irilli, he left England
w ith his family, and resided at Paris. On the expulsion
of the senior branch, the Duke was proclaimed King
of the French, and ascended the throne a^ Louis Philip
I, the 7th August 1HIV).
A err 1 umit ton in Artillery.—The piece of artillery now
to he proposed i* to consist of two barrels fast togeth
er, meeting at the breach, and diverging thence to tho
muzzle at an angle of eight or tell degrees* havin' a
common touch-hole situated mid way between them,
that both shall necessarily he discharged at the
same instant of time. It will he necessary also not on-
1v that the two barrels should terminate in oin* common
powder chanilnT, hut that u narrow cavity should
l*e left between them all the way from the cham
ber to the muzzle. The object of the invention will
now easily he comprehended, viz. to attain the power of
discharging chain-shot iu such a manner, a* that—with
in u range which will bedclerniined by the angle of diver
go nee of the barrels, and the length of the chain—the
chain, hounded by the extremities, shall strike it* object
in a horizontal line. The particular services on which
such a weapon may be advantageously employed in na
val warfare, are principally, to sweep the (leeks and de
stroy the rigging of an enemy’s ship. A single dis
charge from a gun may cut aw ay the shrouds, and occa
sion the fall of u mast, which I presume would be con-
Kiderwd by no means un unimportant achievement.
[ ttryrrlory of lnrchtioni.
to have decided the will shortly he produced in great quantities for export
Correspondence tin «•ewnrj *f w»r,
and tlm Chr.roliM Council.
Ukpahtmekt or WAn, April 17th, 1832.
My Friends Your groat father, tho President of the
United Staton, has recently been informed, that a change
has probably taken place in the sentiment.) you have
heretofore entertained, on the subject of a removal to
tho country west of the Mississippi! anil that proposi
tions from the government having that object in view,
« mild be favorably received by you. rfatished as the
President is, that this measure can alone secure to you
permanent prosperity, bv the Painted Rock in North Carolina,’
your future nupnivenietitatid c.v^ion^nd prepared ch . irleHtl)I1 . (lnd whereas, tins Convention Uk w s
SStJeSESKKw
interests—strengthening the bonds of union ‘ ?' >r “
by perpetuating all the blessings of our valuiblo e' 0-
tious. ° mmitQ.
The following preamble and resolutions w ...
sentedby Gen. Anderson, and adopted unanimn,, i P ? -
the'Convention. “*‘7 uy
Whereas, from all satisfactory information tha, e
boon obtained, it is the opinion of the Convention u
it is perfectly practicable to construct a Rail R n) „i r ^
the navigable waters of East Tennessee, * f0,n
ft is calculated that tlipra i
1)0131'lSTIl'.
F<*l.ns».—-The following Sketch i* said, by the
writer, to he. compiled from authentic documents iu
his possesion. It derives an interest from the position
of that Territory in relation to our own country, and
the prospect that it may, at no very distant period,
become a part of the United .States of America.
r U'K A AS.
It is now the last of December, our country I*
buried in ice and snow, and a deep gloom is set
tled on the countenance* id the poor, as well ns the
face of nature. General distress pervades our city....
the cry of the widow and orphan is heard in our streets
bogging for wood and fur bread....the homeless and
pitiless stranger is wading through the deep and un
trodden snow, to seek a shelter from the severe cold
and the storm....the trees are stripped of their fo! -
age....the fields are all barren and dreary; the produce
ol the husbandman obtained by severe labour, through
step, until a fearful assemblage had congregated. The
, , , - | cries of execration against the doctors wore very gene-
keep that town,—-advance being out of tho question.-- rH , Rnd Hn a | nKMt 1I!ia nimous shout " To the hospital,
expense., it« »»id. Amount to nearly £ 12.000 per j it th „ pro „mV’ Ac. took pine. In Oldham
(he citv are vrrv f*tinnti£ In know ' -- — • — •
day ; the people in the city are very curious to ktiow
whence they are supplied. Wo cannot tell who is the
sleeping partner in the concern.
London, Sept. 1ft.—Don Pedro has not advanced ;
but on every side we hear of preparations made to en
able him to carry on the war with superior moan*,
while Miguel keep* a prudent distance, most deeply
penetrated w ith the wisdom of that sago maxim, which
texchca
“ The better part of valor Is discretion.”
Great efforts havo been made by the invader to forti
fy Oporto, and we are told, that ia ahnost impregnable.
Nothing new had taken place in Portugal—hut the
ftreet, Mr. Robert Thorpe, a surgeon who was passing
j in his gig. was compelled to alight and inspect the bo
dy, and having assured the mob that an inquiry would
j no doubt take place, he was suffered to depart without
I further molestation than the yelling* of the mob.
The enraged populace now made tho best of their
I way to the Cholera Hospital, in Swan street, and im
mediately upon their arrival, they commenced breaking
J the windows and pulling down the walls that enclosed
j tho yard of the building. They then succeeded in forc
ing the gates of the hospital, and having obtained an en
trance. carried away a number of patients then lying un
der the influence of the disease, and having inquired
the summer months, will all be exhausted in the feed
ing and preserving his stock ol cuttle, Ac. before the
ray* of the sun shall unlock tha icy fetters ot winter
and vegetation re appear.
It is a consoling reflection, that wo arc not bound to
endure tho rigors of a Northern winter ; that God in
mercy lias created more fenial climates, where there
is neither snow nor ice, where nature clad in her gay
c*t livery, always looks cheerful, and where the earth
provides gratuitionsly for heard* and flocks, and every
thing which ran draw sustenance from its bosom : such
a country is Texas ; her climate is temperate, she ex
periences non© of the changes of (lie seasons fe.lt in
the northern stntri, but constantly favored with soft A
gentle breeaes, vegetation grows A flourishes continu
ally ; nor i» it but little checked by the w inter months.
The prairies are always green and covered with rich
herbage, and a (ford a sufficiency of pasture for cattle,
and hors*** throughout the year.
By ft reference to the constitutions of the Federal
Slate Government, and the laws passed by the Legisla
tive authorities both, it will he perceived security is
offered to nil foreigners, w ho come to establish them-
•■•Ives among them, and the slate ol Coahula and
Texas invites them to come.
It is about eight years since the authorized emigra
tion to Texas commenced ; hut few w ere acquainted
with the inducements which that fine country offered
to the enterprising and industrious settler. The early
emigration was hut very slow. Stephen F. Austin,
Esq. may he said to he the great pioneer to that then
wilderness world ; his was not only a trial of cour
age., but of great fortitude and perseverance. The !
first season he raised a little corn, and as numbers
flocked to hitr, depending on his liberality 2k. bounty,
il created a great scarcity of grain; yet such was his
determination anti perseverance, rather than abandon
nn enterprise which promised so much in future, that
he limited his dependents to half a pint of corn a
day, and then divided hi* own half pint .with his
friends By such self deprivations, he sustained the
Colony, at an early period of its existence ; it contin
ued to inctease in population, and in the means of sup
port. until it has become a rich, populous and flourish
ing country, and its founder h highly distinguished, re
spectable arid wealthy man. His grant must by this
time contain from eight to ten thousand inhabitants.
Several flourishing villages are springing up as it were
by enchantment, among which are rft. Felippe de
Austin. Brassora, llarrishurgh, Fayette, Ac. These
are considerable villages, and are peopled by a con
tented, happy, and respectable population. In each
town there are several respectable* public houses,
where the traveller is politely entertained, and in tra
velling through the country, the rights of hospitality
are no where refused to those w ho are worthy to re
ceive them.
Courts of justice are established not only in Austin's
Colony, tint throughout the settled pnrls of Texas ;
they are governed by n fixed code of laws, and justice
is as impartially administered there as in any other
country. Ex cry town has injustice, (Aleade) before
whom r.ll parties are cognizable, and are tried by arbi
tration, each pnrfy choosing one, and the aleade mak
ing the third. There i? al«o the court of Ayunfumicn-
to, composed ol several judge* who have original and
appellate jurisdiction, and on important cases particu
larly in criminal matters, an appeal lies to the supreme
court at Snttillo.
Besides the towns already mentioned, there are oth
er considerable towns in Texas. Naacngdoches, Box-
ar, La Bahia, did Kqiritter, Santo, Guadalupe, or Wal
pole. These are settled principally hv native citizens,
Metarnoras, on the Rio Grande, or the del Norte.
sugar land south of latitude flO deg. In Austins colo
ny alone the last year about-1,500 bal« s of cotton and |
80 hogsheads ol sugar were made, ami ue.nrly the
same quantity of sugar on the Truiiby. A number of
sugar mills and notion gins are now in operation, and
more are building. Indian corn grow* luxuriantly in
Texas, and produce* as much in the acre a* is produc
ed in tbe best corn lands in Kentucky or Illinois. In
short, Texas, in the richness of her soil, the salubrity
of her climate, the luxuriance of her herbage, and the
extent aud variety of her productions, i» not excelled
by any country on the globe.
The emigrant to Texas, can in a few days erect at
lean a temporary dw elling, and be able at once to
commence tbe cultivation of his farm, and to procure
an early supply of vegetables, corn, Ac. for the sup
port ol his family. He selects a portion of prairie,
which is already cleared—be has only to plough the
earth to enable him to jdnnt and sow. and realize at I
once what could not be produced in a timber country,
ex*ept by day* and months of laborious industry in
clearing arid preparing his land for cultivation.
By law the new ‘colonist* are free from taxes for
Irn years; this enables theiu to realize all the fiuits of
their labor, and is a privilege not enjoyed in any oth
er country.
The colonists of Texas have not mingled in the
politics of the country; they are contended with the
advantages they possess, the liberty they enjoy; and
hip too wise to embroil themselves in the dissensions
and strife of party, which has so much divided and
distracted the old stales of the Republic. Although
Texas is situated between *28 deg. and 35 deg. N. lat.
the climate is considered mild and healthy. Through
the summer months, the heat is tempered and allayed
by the refreshing sea breezes. It is n fact worthy of
remark, that the breeze generally increases as the sun
rises above the horizon.
Texas in its usual and most extensile acceptation,
comprises the whole territory lying between the smith-
we-tern boundary of tl e U. States A the Rio Grande,
alias the river Bravo del Norte, the Gull of Mexico
on the south, him! tin* Arkansas and Mississippi terri
tories of the United States ou the north.
There are few regions of the globe on which the
bounties of nature have been more profusely dripeu*-
, ed than on this delightful country, that is jn*»
ing from obscurity. The fertility of it* *•>>1, the u-
menity of its climate, its contiguity to the ocean. Ike
numerous rivers which empty into it, affording the
cheapest transportation to the highest markets in the
world for the principal product* of it* soil, are aucli
advantages a* are seldom concentrated iu an equal de
gree. and which w ill enable the enterprising population
which is now pouring into it, to render Tex** the
most favored portion oil earth
The rivers of Texas ara the Sabina, the Natcke*.
the Trinity, San Jacinto, Brassos, ('(dorado La
Guadalupe, Neuces, arid several other*.
These rivers water a country, that is seldom excell
ed in fertility of soil, or beauty of aspect. Tha bot
tom land? are composed of the richest alluvion, and
are thickly set xviih timber, or dense ran# brake*, and
some timet both. The uplands are grmerally good,
and much of them characterised by a deep luxuriant
loam.
The surface of the country is greatly variegated
with woodland, and praires, or natural aieadows.con
(tuning from 100 to 1,000, and some place* 16,000
acres in one body.
Many of these primordial rlcnringi. present very
eligible and picturesque sites for building, arid render
a bountiful harvest to the plough of the cultivator.—
Unlike (he pioneer settlers in the western wild* of the
V. States, emigrants to Texas will not have to encoun
ter years of arduous labor in subduing heavy and
obstinate forests, but they will be able in almost every
instance, to procure a portion of good prairie for pre
sent cultivation, without any preparatory labor but
that of burning the grass, w ith which they are thickly
carpeted.
The timber includes many varieties. *mor,g which
nre several kinds of oak. hickory, black walnut, ash,
wild cherry mulberry, elm, back-berry paean, linn,
gum. yellow nine Ac. Ac. Cypress is found on the
Ketches*, and the Sabine—live oak abounds in some
parts of Texas and grows to a large size.—red cedar is
found, and like the live oak. furnishesan excellent ma
terial in naval architecture. The pine grows lar ge and
lofty, and w ill be immensely rulutthle tor lumber; it is
most frequently found interspersed w ith otharvarieties
of timber, ax hickory, uak, Ac. which indicates a j
good sod.
One distinctive characteristic of this heantiful coun
try, is its exception from swamps, and stagnant pools.
The land invariably ascend* from the water courses,
arid rising to moderate eminences precludes the form- 1
ation of sivamps or putrid ponds. This probably i*
one efficient cause of tbe singular purity, elasticity A '
equability of tbe atmosphere. That Texas is blessed
with a climate of uncommon salubrity and dulighlful-
ness, is an opinion warranted by the observations of
nil travellers, and obviously accounted for by ils local
ity and configuration.
Titered fish abound* in Galvcstion. Oyster bed*
are abundant; they are fine and sometimes large, and
may be conveniently gathered. In the winter season
the water coasts are literally covered with w ild fowl,
such as ducks, geese, brant, and swan. Geese and
ducks resort in great quantity to the interior waters
Deer and wild fowl are common every where.
Texas is not only an agricnltural and stock produc
ing country, but it ahouds in valuable metal*, and oth
er valuable fossils; ninny rich specimens of silver ore
have been found, and there is no question that this lite
ral exists in large quantities. Tradition speaks of gold.
The master metal iron has been discovered in many
places not remote troin navigable water. Lead
ha* been found without being sought for. Indications
of stone coal have been observed.
its lie ever )ma Imen to make you offers, which shall not
, . ... he only just, hut liberal, he has instructed me to address
than 70,UUU acres ot i you upon this subject, anil to make known to you the
1 stipulation* lie is w illing to grant, so far as his authority
extends. I have therefore to request, that you will take
the matter into your serious consideration, and commu
nicate to me your ultimate decision.
The President is willing to enter into an arrange
ment, tor your removal west of tho Mississippi, upon
the following general principles:
1. That a country sufficiently extensive and fertile,
shall be distinctly marked out west of tho territory ot
Arkansas, fur you and your brethren, where they now
2. That this country shall he convoyed to you by pa
tent, under the provisions of the act, lti30, and that it
shall be forever without the boundaries of any stuto or
territory.
3. That you will hare all the powers oi self-govern
ment, so far as may be compatible with that general
supervisory authority, which it is necessary Congress
should exercise over you.
4. That you shall have ihe privilege of appointing an
agent, who shall reside at Washington, to communicate
your claims and wishes to the government, aud who
shall lie paid by the United Suites.
- That if Congress assent to the measure, you shall
deep and ardent anxiety to the aecompiishm,' n 7^ ( VVl , ttl
object proposed, as embracing vast commercial am
litical interests, involving the prosperity „f the S ‘ ^
ami West, and forming between them the strongest/"^
of perpetual union—therefore, be it ° uon< *
1. Resolved, That this Convention recommend to the
pie of the respective States of Tennessee, North-tV l-* 0-
and South-Caroiina, the adoption of such measures ,, " l A
secure tho early accomplishment of this ereat W, ‘^
commercial connection. 0llnl, ®f
2. Resolved, That the several Western and Ati s.
Hail Rood Committees, appointed by this Convention hL”"*
quested to unite their best efforts to' obtain such isa.i-l"'.’*'
action from their respective States, as will promote tl, 7
ject proposed; and also that they pursue such other
further measures, in all respects, aa may contribute to .k.
Huccesaot their undertaking. “*•
3. Resolved, That the Chairman of this martin* he Hi
rented to correspond with the President of the United St ,
and to rcaueRt that he will detail, if consistent with tk!
views of (Ito Government, a competent Engineer to
survey of the Rail Road route proposed from ColurnbiiLq
Carolina, to the mouth of Nolichucky in Tennessee
thence a survey of the French Broad and llolston rive
to Knoxville, Tennessee, and that the Chairman be rei| Ue ^
rd to communicate the result of such correspondence to
each of the committees of Tennessee, North-Carolina &aj
Post-Office*.—There is no rnoro striking illustration
of the rapid growth of the U. States, than the rale of in
crease of the Post < Mfires and the Mail Routes. The fol
lowing table shows the increase for regular periods of
ten years each, from the adoption of the Federal (’(insti
tution. The first column gives the number of Post (>f-
fiees. tin* second the amount of miles of Post Ronds,
and the third the amount of postage received in the se
veral years mentioned.
Y«
Him
1*10
1**20
ltflft
In IKU. the
Post Offices. Miles P. Rond*.
75 1 .*75
*20.HI (j
3ft,406
72.402
I 17,000
postage had
2300
4500
H00f>
•ipts fro
Postago.
$37,035
2-0,204
551,6*4
1,111,027
1,707,518
increased to
$‘1,007,811, hut the number of ollicesand miles of post
route were not given in the Post Master General’* re
port. Thu report gives the number of miles perform
ed hy the mail annually, and it appears that in the year
ending July 1st. 1SU, this number was 15,40^,002, be
ing an increase of 080,702 miles within the preceding
nths.—Jialt. Amtrican.
prospects of Don Pedro haa x^maod * num* promising ! their various places of abode, conveyed them home
aspect, from the active interest taken in his favor, both j A number w ho were able to w alk, went away of their
in England Hnd in Franco. Veaacls w r cre preparing to > own accord, many through fear of the police. Some
sail for Oporto, witii men, arms, previsions, Ac., and I were taken in a state of col'apue whilst they wrere being
•everal had already departed. Constitutionalists and
soldier* who hnd served in fas or of freedom in the Pe
ninsula, are now proceeding to support the common
cause in Portugal. Several hundred Poles are also to
be added lo the army of Donna Maria, which will soon
be enlarged, il 1* muq, to double its present numbers.
IRELAND.
Bloody Mn§§aere—B appears that tfic Rrr. Mr. Gavrn
proceeded a few days since to value the tvihes In the pa
rish of Wallstown, m ar Dnnrrsile. It was thought nr-
ccaaary, in order to effeci the object, that a detachment of
the 14th regiment of infantry from Bnucvnnt, and a body
of police from the neighboring station*, nil under the dil
i* a place ol much importance. It i* differently repre
•anted as containing frun 8 |o 12 lhnu«nnd inhabitant* twolv
principally Mexican The American and English po- —-roooooo:
pulHiim, i, M.pjH.vrff M hn nImi.l fillff, nmm.g whirl. choice n f F.lerUn,.-Tho ,lain nr.,1 mode of clinic
am many highly rmpoctahlr. cilixcns. I ha cummer- | n f I Vicn-I’m-idoi.t, a,
I-nnpnllv| rflJfll | (l!(M j |, y Eegulatmes of the several
grther with the number of Electors to he
ench 8tate, are shown in the following table :
No. of Vote*. When hold. I low elected. |
November 5 (ion. ’Picket. I
removed, and died shortly afterward*. Thu infuriated
mob then commenced a scene of wasteful havoc, des
troying the beds, tables, and every description of mova
ble furniture, they could lay their bunds upon. They
seized otic of tho fiowr spring vehicles, lately built for
the conveyance of patients, w hich they dragged into the
street, broke to pieces, and afterwards consumed the
fragment* hy fire.
The uioh became so furious, attacking the police offi
cers near the hospital, snd committing such further out
rages, that it whs deemed necessary to despatch a mes
senger to Hulme Barrack* for tho inihtaiy ; and four
troops of the 15th Hussars, under the command of Lord
rial hu*'ne«* of I Hat town and country,
conducted hy foreigner*. The official statement of I
the atniHinl of duM‘*x received at the port of Mefamo-
ras for the financial yerr. ending the 30th of June.
1H32. amounts to 1.646.07^5-3. The increase for , T .
the last year was. $(>52,183 5 3. The country to the I .. I,,P ' , .
went, even to Saute Fee, and bordering on the Pacific N p "-Ilamp*.lire,
Ocean, receives a great portion of their merchandize l husetLs,
through tins port. It is transported hy mules, each j
carrying a cargo of 300 pounds to the interior. The 1
gold and silver, coined and in bars, furs, provisions,!
Ac. are refill ned hy the same means of conveyance j
to Melainoras. Cattle, horses, sheep, goats, Ac. at
and in the neighborhood of the Rio Grande, arc nu
merousand cheap—the cattle nre extremely fine, and i
of larger grow th than can he found in almost any
other part of the world. The price of oxen, broken, j
averages from *20 to *25 dollar* Ike pair; a cotvlof the |
large>t size, with her calf, at from 5 to ft dollars
at pre
8 tutus
chose.
5. That it Congress assent to the measure, you atiaii
bu allowed u delegate to that body, and shall a[so, when
your improvement and other circumstances will permit,
and when Congress think proper, be placed in the re
lation of a territory.
ft. That w hite persons, unless specially authorised by
the laws of the United States, shall be excluded from
your country.
7. That you shall remove to your new country at the
expense of the United States, in either of the following
modes you may prefer.
1. Bv a communication to be allowed to individuals
or families.
2. By persons to be appointed and paid hy the Uni
ted Sitate*.
3. By an arrangement to he made among yourselves,
hr which some ot those who are competent to the un
dertaking may remove alt your people at a rate to be
fixed.
8. That subsistence shall he provided by tha United
State*, for the term of one year after you ruaeh your
destination. -
iE That an annuity proportioned to tbe ▼aim# of ike
cesvion you make k* .n;cnr*d to yon.
IU. Tiwit all the improvemsnk* ujon tbs ceded terri
tory, winch add real value to the land.be a^prlised
and paid lor.
11. That ample provisions be made for ths support
of schools aud teachers, ami of bl«H.k»mith*, Ac. for the
supply of steel uud iron, aud for the erection of mills,
senool houses, Clurokee council houses, and hou*e*
fur a lew of your principal duets.
12. Thai a rifle and equipment* be given to uuch o*sn
adult; that a quantity of blanket* bs allowed to your
Mindies, together with ales, hot.*, whsols, curds uud
loom*.
14. Thai your stock b# vaiu«d and paid far by the
United £>tat*«.
14. That the annuities due to you by Jbruinr Uteutia*,
he paid U> you went of the Mississippi.
io. That prut ia tons ba made lar y«ur urphauohil-
dr«n.
1ft. That protection he guarantied to you against the
hostile efforts of any other Indian*.
17. It is the wish of the President that all your peo
ple should remove, and he is therefore unwilling that
anv reservations of land should he made in the ceded
territory. Still ha would not make this an indispensa
ble condition, hut would agree, should it he found ne
cessary, that reservations should tie made for a few of
your people, in situations aud under circumstances ren
dering such a measure proper, and within the scope of
liis legal authority. But your people must distinctly
understand, that those who remain will become citizens
of the State in which they may reside, and that all the
relation* between them and the United State*, founded
upon previous circumstances, as Indians, must
These art* the general terms I have been directed by
the President to offer you. They form an outline ol
un arrangement, winch can he tilled up when you are
prepared to enter into a negotiation. The details and
other stipulations you may ask, will more properly be
discussed and determined, w hen your views of the mat
ter are known, aud the ultimate mode of proceeding
adopted.
Il you are prepared to Man me these propositions as
the basis of a negotiation, you can appoint your agents
to come nn to thin place, clothed wilh authority to act, or
the President will appoint commissioners to meet you
in council aud conclude the affair.
I cannot but hope that you will *ee in this frank and
liberal offer, full evidence of the desire of the President,
tha, the difficulties of your present situation may be re
moved, and your future destinies placed beyond the
reach of those cause* which have occasioned such mise
ry to the Indian rat «
Shut your ears, l entreat vou, to bad councils, if any
should be offered to you. ^Vhatever may he told you,
it is impossible you can remain where yoa now are, and
prosper. Aud if you persist in the etl’ort, the time ol
regret will cotue. I a,u afraid, after the most serious in
jury to s ourselves. Your friend, LEWIS CASS.
To the Cherokee* Ko*t of the Mississippi.
In Gtnerul Council conreneii nt Red Clay, Cfwokn* Na
tion, Auq/ut 6th, 1832.
To tho Hon. (’ass, Secretary of War.
Sih—Your latter boaring dale of the 17th of April
ln*t, containing certain propositions as the general terms
upon which the President is willing to treat with this
Nation, has been received through the hands of Elisha
W. Chester. Esq. It is with much astonishment we
learn from this letter, the President half been informed
that a change had probably taken piano in the sentiments
this Nation heretofore entertained, on the subject of a
removal to the country west of the M ississippi, and that
propositions from the government having that object in
view, would he favorably received.
The subject matter lias been fully considered, togeth
er with tho peculiar embarrassments that now surround
us, and iu compliance with your request, we proceed to
our reply. In the first place, we wish to call your at
tention to the decisions of the Nation on former occa
sions on this subject, and to inform the President that
the true sentiments of the Cherokee people remain the
same. That the basis of his proposition is objectiona
ble, and that tbe Nation is placed in duress from the il
legal proceedings of Georgia in assuming to exercise
jurisdiction over a large portion of our territory, and hy
placing a military force with other officers of her own
creating in our country, for the purpose of oppressing
our citizens. She has ulso introduced a great number
of her citizens among us, to intrude on our lands, and
vested in her chief magistrate the discretionary power
of drawing a lottery for the occupation of them. And
in this peculiar state of things, the protecting arm of
the President is withheld from the enforcement of the
treaties and laws of tin; United States, made for the pro
tection of our national rights. And moreover, divers
Agents of the general government have been commis
sioned for the purpose of enlisting our citizens aa emi
grants for the country west of the Mississippi; and into
j the prosecution of this business, some of them have
I been seduced under cireumstatiees calculated to create
j disquietude and disagreeable feelings. But let the Pre-
I sident remove ail the difficulties arising from unjust
South-Caroiina.
4. Resolved, That it he recommended to the renne^t’ I
Couimittcesof Tennessee, N. Carolina and S. CarotinM* I
hold meetings by an equal number of delegates from th/
respective bodies from time to time as occasion tnav require
for tti*» niirnii.se of concertina mi»«snrt»a t,. *
for’the purpose of concerting measures fo promota th !
great object proposed.
[Signed] MITCHELL KING, Chaimu n
Sami.. Chunk, Secretary.
Tho Committee of Delegates from North-CarolituL
e necessary inquiry, agreed and ^
having made the „ . w
Resolved, That it is practicable amU expedient to ,
strut and make a Kail Road through the rttate of IN',
1 inn, between the boundary lines of Tennessee, nt lh« Pajnf.
ed Rock, and South-Caroiina.
Resolved, That application he made to the appron^hint
Legislature, to incorporate n company to mako such FU1
Rond, on the tno*t direct and practicable route from th*
point aforesaid, to some point on the line of South-Carolk
na, so os to meet and unite with a continuation of the nm*
to he. made hv and within their State.
Retolved further. That an Engineer be procured to nmk«
a survey of the several routes, with a view to the ascertain,
merit of the beat, most direct and practicable line, and that
application be luadsto the legislature to defray tlieexpan*
incurred iu making such survey.
' JOSHUA FURMAN, Chatman.
The Tenaessea Committee conclude their reports*
follows:
In conclusion, the conimifiee, forbearing to enlarft
upon other topic* which pr<i*a themselves upon thru at
tention, would express their deep conviction of tha
practicability of thn contemplated enterprise, and of i*
important hearings npon all tha interests of their coo-
stitiienta, and of the country at largo; and standing up.
ou these lofty heights—the common grounds almost la 1
view of the delightful plains of tho South, and the ft*. I
tile vallay* of the West—influenced hy the. powerful I
incentives of a common interest and a strong comnmr* l
cial and political identify—and inspired with the impukl
*•* of an enlarged patriotism, they pledge to tho C*tv I
v*ntion in the execution of this great work, their united I
efforts and most strenuous co-operation.
J. G. M. RAMSAY, Chairman.
—:oooooa:—
Gnr.AT Cnttrr.nsr.vT. Strange a* it may sonndnl
English ears, it may he truly said of America, thatcouo* I
try which vra* treated with *o much snipereilionacoiy. I
tempt hy the (Auarterly Review, only a few ye&r» I
• inee—dial ?»he ha* given to the parent State her most I
popular system nf divinity, and l»«r best English loii-1
con. It is soarcely neoesvorv for u* to add that weftrsl
referring to Dwight’s 'rheology, and Noah Webstsr'i|
Dictionary.—London paper.
■.■•■Mi I’iLJi'y'j
POLITICAL,
M
reciion of several magistrates, xuumc whom the name* of Brudenell, arrived w ith a magistrate of the division.—
4L B. Low, Esq., Admiral Evan*, General Barry, and (
Nagle, Esq., have ls-en relumed to us, should he procured.
The process of valuation had scarcely commenced, when I
the people, to the number of between 12 and 15,000 began 1
to manifest indications of hostility j while the authorities |
ou the other suit-, evinced a dclormmniion to re*i*t any ai-
tenipt that might he made to frustrate the valuation. Th<
people, ms they increased in numbers, became more and
more resolute und exasperated; stones •**»»>! • Lvo*n nt il»r
military * the order to nre uj>on and charge wa* .riven by
the magistrates, and m-taiitaneou* mid general dos-omfiture
of the unarmed peaaontry was Uie result. 'Th** rein n’uq;
party were uw*t hy u coinpmiv of Higiandcn*,drouj < Vile-
tovrarorhr, when anothercoii/iicI ensued, the n suit ol which
was, that lour per. oils w »r* killed, fifteen^ badly wound* d.
and eighteen or twenty made prisoner*. 'The whole coun
try forarvrntl miles round, has been thrown into « slut* *>l
(root rooster nation, and the fia lingsof lh«e Inriners and the
fWMHtfitry am ruuw Jto u pitch of tkurful ixaitemeut.
With thi* reinforcement, the police were enabled to ap
prehend some of the ringleaders, together with the rela
tives of the deceased bov, who had exhibited (lie lualy
through the street*. 'The prisoners, nine in number,
and chiefly Irishmen, woro escorted by the dragoons to
the New Bailey. ’The magistrates then informed (lie
multitude, that if they did not ilmnrdinlelv disperse, it
would he In- duty lo read the riot aet, and they must lake
the euu-rqtieiiee*. This warning, together wilh the
praiseworthy exertion* of a Uatholic priest, v\ ho address
ed the mob opposite u> the ho«|iitu), h id the desired ef
fect, Ar the iisseinhly gradually dispersed. 'The military
and the police paraded tho streets ill lilt* neighborhood
ol the dDiurhuiien until a late hour, hut no further Go
lem e W U* offered.
(ierttitiM* ami the /Nrhjr.—Hongs isj favor of IV
Rhode M.ind,
Uoriiiccticut,
Vermont,
New-York,
New - Jo rsey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
j Maryland,
Virginia,
Nnrtli-f ’arolna,
riouth-rnrolinu,
orgin,
5
breeding mare, from 3 to ft dollars ; am! a good riding
I I I ... «* .. r. r, .. .3 1 Kentucky
horse mu be purchased nt Melainoras for from 3 to 12 :
dollar*.
'Tennessee,
Ohio,
ludianria.
Mi-.«ivw||q>i,
This country abounds with large pond*, nndnppnr
ently river* of »nlt water. These salt ponds art
much frequented hv the wild cattle aud horses, which i llhtu
cover the whole fere of the prairie, |>aiticuhirly the laiuisiHrin, 6
wild horses, of muttony: a* they are called hy the j Missouri, 4
Matiean*. Droves, judged to contain from In !l to Alabama, 7
4.600, vv ild horse*, arc caught and broken by (he Meii-
ran* and Indian*, and make serviceable good horses.} 2*8
i Tbe lands, ora* it i* called, the country •>( tbe For- j In Mainef»m* elcetoi
I uiauche*, King north and we«t of that iu«l dencrthcd, 1 no li comity, and a phi
I is sUo MtUMlcd ill Tcim*, and i*represented lo he very lo Maryland then- are
, desirable lamb Il isoi tin* richest soil, geotlv rolling, elioo»mg two eleelor**—
I a due proportion ol %\ ood laud and priiirie, uhouiitPeg riion-e one elector ; tft»«
ill springs and rivern of esd lii ut water, a mlubrious a district and rln
Legislnturc.
District.
■ ell. 'Ticket,
do.
Legislature,
ien. 'I’m kdt.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
raovs tmk bxvur or tub co.tsriTHttox.
Uh* it*ss of (he Tariff Policy,
It ia not a little remarkable, thr.t a poopla, whohstsik
ways hocn so a versa k> direct taxation a* we have be*#,
should hive no hesitation in paying ten millions of dol
lar* annually in an indirect way—not, however, forthi
support of the Government, out for the support of i
few individuals who hnvo embarked in pursuit* nst
suited to the intere.vtj of a country, whore the r.bnfc
dance and cheapness of land, must, for eonturie* to
eotne. keen up the wages of labor above the ratesxvbick
exist in ohier countries.
In introducing the Restrictive Policy ing) the United
States, its advocate* have endeavored to conceal tbit
its operation would needs be partial—that it wonld de
press some sections of the country, whilst it elavated
others—th.it it wonld advance the interests ofpartienltf
towns, such a* Pittsburg, Pawtucket, Lowell, rattenwn,
and many others ; whilst it would injure those of tha
places from which capital and population were with
drawn—and, finally, tfmt it would promote the pecunis*
ry advantages of some few particular branches ofbiui*
ness, at the expense of all the rest. Ho adroitly, indeed,
has the matter been managed, that manufacturers, ids-
chunk*.*, tradesmen, and artizaus of all description*,
have been made to believe that a system which take*
tuuuey out of their pockets h calculated to curioh
them. They have been persuaded that they hate I
common cause with the cotton and vvoolleu manufactu
rers, the owners of iron mines, the glass-makers, tha
salt-makers, the sugar planters, and a few others; whilst,
in truth, each of these branches of business stands by ig
•elf in opposition to tho iu teres ti of all of the rwt d
tlie community.
One of the most powerful arguments which ths adrs
cates of Restriction have had on their side, was drawl
from the fact that other nations have thriven under 4*
same system. That Groat Britain and France han
prospered under all sorts of obstacles thrown inthowaj
of a free employment of their industry, cannot ho deni
ed. But they have clone thiR, not in couseqnencs of
those obstacles, but in spite of them. Within tho U*
half century, the march of intellect has been so rapid
that the productive powers of man, whether employed
in agriculture, commerce, or manufactures, have been
multiplied to an almost incredible degree. The result*]
this has been a gradually diminishing cost of production il
almost every article produced; and, in most of them, th*
fall in price has been greater than the amount of the in*
creased duties. This fact has deceived many intelli
gent persons, who havo been incautiously led to con
clude that the fall was the effect of the duty; where*
it wfis the effect of other causes, which were niot*
than sufficient to counteract the influence of the dut/- i
This position can he clearly demonstrated byarefeF
ence to tin, cotton manufacture. Prior to Id 12, ^
duty on coarse cotton fabrics was 15 per centum, aw
the price of the coarsest kind was then about25
per square yard. For purposes of revenue, diinn|
the war, the duty was raised in 1812, to 27^ per cen
tum. Soon after tho war, the great improvement*®
labor-saving machinery took place, hy which, wj*|
used to cost in India, 25 cents to make, could be mails
in England for much less. A rise in the duty waawj
ed for, and in 181ft, it was fixed at a higher rate.
further improvements were made, and a fall ,n j™,
price of the raw material took place. The article thsj
used to cost 25 cents, could he made for 124- *' r
in the duty was again called for, and, in 18‘<M, it **|
raised again. Further improvements still were n» ■
in England, accompanied by a further full iu the pn*
of cotton, so as to reduce the price to 8 cents. More
duty was fixed at upwards of 106 per centum, hs I
matter now stands, the same quality of cloth wluc
1811, used to cost 25 cents, can now be made in Wf|
land, for five cents the square yard, and thoduj
8iJ cents per square yard.
Such, then, has been the progress of the Turin 1 ,
tern; uud although rapid enough, in all conscience
the effect* 1*1
.... .jij
fall in tlie price of raw materials and in the wȣ<#
labor.
is solemnly guarantied to us, by treaties; and then the
exercise of tlmt privilege which is so essential to the
enjoyment ol* freedom, would place us at liberty to re-
ll< ct, speak, and act freely on the subject of our nation
al inter* st aud welfare. In conclusion, we would res
pectfully call your attention to the frequent complaints
which have been made to the department against tlie
numerous intrusions on our lands, bordering on the
boundaries of the several adjoining stales, aud to urge gulling from improved machinery, increase
the removal of the intruders. Very respectfully, your " " '* * ' 1 — J1 ,h
friends and obedient servants.
Ltfigned by all the members of the Council.*]
—looovo:—
F.itruct* front the Frocecdina* of the H / strrn and Atlantic
Hail Road Court rUion, us published in the. KnoiriUe
Register.
Iu pursuance of resolutions passed at a mooting of
the citizen* of Buncombe county, held at Ashville, on
the 4th day nf July, 1-32, inviting the co-operntion of
their fcllmv -citizen* of Tennesson aud of North and
South ( arolilia, who feel an interest ill coiilieeting the
iihv igable water* of the Went with the Atlantic, hy a , , r eui«"
| K ill K.JI1.1 II!' III.- I'riMK-h Rroiid Kiv-r—« miuilier of popiilur nleclion. rany npi.ly ■ »c»»on«l)l* -
ii.-» t.-Kiilarly nppoiiil. il !•> i,i...,ihik> Im-I.I in lli. ir j *>'" ' 1|B !h« Hopreine Louri p 1 o
| re-peetiv • eoilllties, met at the Unurt IIdiim
\l«,
lion vv,
idny, the 3]xlday of Septeiiils-r. 'Tin
orguiin-
The Hnproine C'onrt. ^
41 If the time shall ever come—which .
vert!—w hen men shall he placed in the ^Huprsw ^
hunal of the country, who entertain opinio* 111
to the just powers of the Constitution, we •*'*
be visited by an evil defying all remedy. ' e ofi
" will t»e past surgery.” From that moment*'
at it ul ion is nf hii end.” , .,sflfl
* ••“If the President should • J
time violate bis duty, his term of office is 8 „
a seasonable roma )
ttH*' ^
■"i'ii"V^ , |"''n." I v,, 0' * an lnUep*nilanl Ian'"'* "^’.i “
'In Cniivi.||. No t'l.'Kil.in rear.lio tlirm. II. with
i . II..>>.»■< ni'A in;
i* rt ipiired to be s r*
dily of v otcM f iiiMttluli
four di*trict*, with
Baltimore county ri
riM of the Western
four
q of Charleston, (’h
■id* nt of Chuiin, of Ashville, Secretary.
'The object of the lilcclllig Leillg
ll>> ilj..»ppHimm..|,i,,| Miltlit.||King, | **etf»y ll,,- , ir ,,Te u * '
ii. in .mii> urn OMIU, ' * . , . «o*»*
nil.I 4'olunt.l n ' Netvlorh, 111 IH.U
(plnini.il l.y n liri.-f • («<•«»•• y«—
i rtf dal Nite-MOTK, in l i • , r,»
Afiir .piotiogtbo niione, tho Bonner of •
.. rifflil of iiin! Iiii-iiI mlilri.M from lint riuur, Gi ii. riii Aml. r-ioi of ■« To m il «[>|""nr«, Knit Mr. W»l»t* r
ili.iri. i. lo Trim , ro»o aii(lciililri-»«...l ilir Coini.niiuii ul ron* bnnod ihIiiiImI.hi. <lon* more to wvs,.%!/iiv J lfcl
lion* loroi" .Mlornlil.. Ii.iihiIi, mol III U 100.1 nl)li-mill Iinprr.«inj IIOIII. ilrneo of hlo o»vn Innmli In lh« >ii/n//<» | nv
• <‘rruo,u,.m,l lie I'.il.t.—Holm* iti IliM.r of I'o In «|.ilii*f mo ri.ri. tl II* m u.iti-r, » mlul.rlioi. h .li.iri.l un.l rli. - four .Imor*; mill ill- I..1.1-11, n.-r 1 |i.imi. .1 out 1I1- miiii) I ,r»i iolvmn««r. tlmt i Munmmv Cuurl. ilum «nv thing
1 mo unit „r ir««iJoui JI» kitug on ul! mu* iu f.'rriiuiny , climutr l Hiul in Ut« po tua.iun ol h civilix. d. oid.i.tii , Uir«unU'i ior* —> 1 Msr.Ailt I wmUii U priMlui.n, hy Um rvuwuiplalMl KaU g-m | j 4uu«h> tita jmlllUsI uppoilMU ' r
b« ln ^j,
liono inure lo '*•“
[ I Ilk! H»» • v * f