Newspaper Page Text
IUABj.
Eaton i 10ll> August, 16\W.
Messrs. Qrier« Orme,:
(irsruHKN :—Subjoined, I transmit yon in sun
slniidb, Ttfp vtPwfl xobmittrd In* im* in Comention, in
reply to Ma Stuiuie,s. They have been written out ;
since the .adjournment, nml consequently «ro not i« “it- j
lical. They ate substantially* tin* same, hrc .use.10 j
aid of memory, I have preserved my calculations and
my notes on Mr. Sinrge*' Speech. 1 have sent them
to you, in compliance of n request mndo ol me, heIore
the Convention mljomnod.
Yours, rospoctfullv,
. MARK A. COOPEK.
Views mid Remarks cf Itar.
of Pans sms*
Submitted in Conrtnlion, or. tho prvjiosrl amti Jinn:to of
tfiA ConsiituUon, in reply to Mr, olurge-s, <j I pson.
1 rise, sir, for the purpose of submitting to the Con
vention,^ fow fuels nml ostimateH.tli.it may shew the
nuqal operation of the apportionment ot Kcpj esenta-
tives*, proposed for their adoption. I shall likewise
orge upon them, the groat importance ol retaining the
fbtiHrnl basi*. Among tho various propositions ofier-
ed, first hy the committee, and then hy gentlemen, hv
way of substitute, none can be found that accord with
what some gentlemen contend, is the ahstruei rule oj
right. No one therefore c.iu reproach mo for refusing
10 ho governed hy that rule.
On'' proposition fixes on federal population and terri
tory combined—the other on n combination oV territory
nml the free, wh'tr population. Those who advocate
tho white bad**, are not more consistent with their pre-
Umled republican rile, “ that the people, alone, should
b'l reprowen’ed,” than they wl»o sti jjj.ort the Jcderil bu-
tM. Thjby Inve both departed liom il; and the do par-
t ire in one case, is equally groan with that of the ol »er.
Both likewise admit, that, in (lie original organization
oflhe body pohti»*,lhe jursirns of rotor, as well as terri
tory, were considered, and did exert an influence.
l't istruo, therefore, that all parties in this Conven
tion have proposed to depart from n rule which some
allege to be the only true one. Even those who assert
it to be the ti ne, and only true rule, are unwillimr to be
governed by it. It isal-o true, sir, that in the history of
this, & almost every other republican government, that
this pretended rule has been departed from. The rea
sons for such departure] exist in tho relations of society,
and have nui, cannot be resisted. Such a rule can on
ly be properly applied in a slate of nature, where none
imt lights.of person* exist. In such u slate, go»eru-
innntbv representation is unknown.
On Tho presout occasion, the local cl aims of territory
have been urged—the stronger in/ore .si* of prop Tty
have been presented. The people alone, some have
said, can be represented. Thu colored population, it
is said, must have some weight, must he protected.—
To these conflicting inteiests, the limners of our Con
stitution wore compelled to yield some consideration.—
The like has been done in all Constitutions. The in-
ducemon's to it are founded in concession and compro
mise.
Perhaps, sir, the existence of tbes*- inducements, and
a wish to be in/ltienced by them, will explain the con
duct of all those gentlemen, who sav the true republi
can rule is, tint " persons alone can be considered in
flung n base,” whilst they have all determined to give
consideration to territory, But, sir. there are some w ho
do not merit the charity of this a oology—for they
charge us, who ditier from (hem, witii a r is! or racy and
anti-repuld.canis>n," because uc do not adhere to it, and
(hen depart as convenience or interest may demand.—
Sir, could l believe this to be the true, and only truo re
publican rule, such is my desire to preserve the purity
ofonr institutions, that no consideration earthly, could
indtieo me to depart from it.
The gentleman from Upson happens to be one of
those to whom this apology cannot ho extended. He
has entered, at some length, upon the discussion of the
main question—he seems ** sincerely to wi-.Ii the ques
tion of irhttr and federal bush had not been raised ”—
He thinks with the member from Muscogee, licit “ it
lOUftht not to have been raised.” He assigns one ron
ton alone for thinking so. which is, “ that the Legisla
ture have laid down tlie hash, the people have declared
it”—either of which is good authority with that gentle
man, and sufficient to hind him. F the gentleman sin
cere f Does lie roaliy wish ii had not been raised?—
Does he really think it ought not to he brought up l
Why does he not aid in resisting it T Does he truly
heiievo the Legislnlnr • have fixed it f Why not in
this, ns in other tilings, bow submission 7 Have the
J ieople. declared it ? Whv will be not obey their voice !
..... .
I"‘0|
the good of tho rommy requires t but if it was all that j in the live huge counter,
could be desired, there i« a fad in regard lu the basis and ' power equal to six in Hall
the apportionment, that w ill make me oppose the pre- \V here now is the
sent plan. j comities, 1
Thai the majority of the people ought to govern, that
their will should not be subject lu the will of a minority, u
is a proposition in re presents No government.never'.vet •' 1
denied. This must he presorv ed to the people, or their 1
go\ ernmeiit mustbecome corrupt, and tie* udministrati- j
Vii of*ii unsound. To promise m tie- people a plan ol or- I
gnili/ing tfieir Legislature, that sarr fices lhi- principle,
lor the purpose ofLaving the numbers reduced, pin
mising an annual saving (.fa few thousand dollars, is ! and tell them it 1
no better than an oiler to purchase of the tnajoiMy the 1 tcrcstsofa iniiio
ri'd.t *.o govern, at.d htlle belter than a bribe ulVrrud i'*j»ubliean rule’
heir libovtv. h’ir. the freem. •. ol 1 ol the measure.
And to one man in (I t* 11
ssion made to lb« tnnj 1
d upon 7 Will tho I< 1
in the majority think any thing is concede t-
i ! Will the ED (" 0 in the ‘.JO large countb
0,000 in tho live laffie ((iinilics, nr the ll,(-' 1
, he made to heiievo that more, nr even as '•<
leal intlueuce ts given to them as belongs to t 111
in-tilting to the undei standing of the pee •• t
.ilk abouteoucesriioii under circumstances like ■ r ' (
II might you pass at! edict to put tin m irir :•»
orgia will cl
le. Enter
Ii liherlv. th
very. ‘Alio
! the h;
in, ils
ill
wl.(
deed tho
Miirli i
geil'lei
r his*
for tin
' *he ; i
l.t of 1
of millions
slavery ! <
i Ii money | uigs 1
;.jun
is a necessary eompn tin
y. Sir. it gros.-ly violnt-
so much boa: ted ol hy tin
l poii v\ hat gioiiud th' i
of the people to ratify | •
cd hi
■ bun- i of reprt
rely on the ignorance of the ]
i see its inequality ! Was not th
nit lie
e minority to protec- j
gov ern the nnjoiity is not one. Thin,
given to them l»v the proposition of the
i Walton, and therefore I oppose it
pie, tie
IlcqUtdiH
he great evils of tin; old s\
And have yon not made it won unequal l I lav
> (»n presented distinet interest to distinct portions
the | “oplr, to procure its ratiln iti'.ii I And do yojl
• \| (;et them to ahaiidoli die eletneiitaiy principles tf
their free government, to procure a momentary giaui-
fieatioli ! Is this thu urtful pi
to iniid and enclave theta to the v ill
abolish all our iiomt»*tic institutions nt a blow, j merican Grey |jrop69e, or an American Congress | 1685, Spain occupied no territory East of fit*
anil to corn pel submission to this ne.v application J enact, a West India Bill Ihr the Southern States, Bio Grande del Norte. (Jie destruction of this
nf its power? Already the omens are alarming, land they will find, not that tire Southern Stales j settlement did not impair the previous acquired
The enemy defeated on one point, arc preparing are colonies, but that this Union is gone. The j right of France, i he fort of Spain at Adayes,
, for another ami a more dangerous assault. Al- j passage . » such an act as that would ring through | and her numerous presidios being made in anene-
l ready the air is filled with piolents and prodigies | the land toe fnneial knell of the Republic. The j my’s country, were, as such, illegal, from the re
calculated to arouse us. Already political mis- j President who should sign it would seal its doom j nure of mere military force. By the treaty of
I chief whets the Knife, and the demon of lanati-i forever. The South, however, is awake upon 1763, !• ranee ceded to Spain all the residue of
I cism lights the torch. And now, fellow-citizens, | tills subject, and that is sufficient to ensure its I Louisiana (winch had not been ceded hy her to
! east your eves arm,ml, and I,cl,old the victim ! i safely. , i Great lima,n) ffrst ol the Mississippi, including
; Ascend some lofty eminence, and survey this i Having thus adverted, fellow-citizens, to the New Orleans. On the same day Louisiana w a ,
hem,icons, ibis lovely, this devoted section of the topics appropriately connected with die day. let retroceded •• with the same extent that it had
Union ! Hee its noble mountains, as they emu- I me now ask your altenlior, to a brief consider,.- when trance possessed tt -Spam admitting by
|. |tl , ,l,c s'. irs—ilH heamitiil and splendid cities, 1 tion of tire various duties which they equally mi- this expression the right which Fiance had in
! the*seals of elegance and learnin", of hospitality ply and impose—as regards the federal Govern- ceding tins country to Great Britain and herself,
II and vir —its vales and lawns, soft and delicious merit; as regards our political opponents, and our By the treaty of 1783, Great Britain surrendered
as theromanlic Temple—its f..rms and fields, rich | political friends; and, “though last, not least,” as -• - - ’
and luxuriant as the gardens ori’oiriona—andiregardsourselvesandourmuchinjuredandbelov-
lir ar the sweet ami jocund sound of lionesi iodus- cd late.
in ami contented labor, as it sings, like a Naiad, | What then are our dulies to the Federal Go
ne (he bosom of its golden streams, or imparls | vernment ! 1 iiey are few and simple. J hey are,
„cw |if„ nml value to ilic soil, or new vigor find j to support the Federal authorities, cordially and
activity to commerce! Yes—there it lies, a love- j sincerely, in every just exercise of delegated pow-
T!T l Jn,L^.T, I lv Victim, adorned with garlands! And is ir in- er, and to resist with promptitude and persever-
Siwt r Iced a victim ? Can it he really true that there ante, every violation of the Constitution, every
' ' -ncronchmrmt upon the reserved rights uf liie
.that tri
Mi|i|»ru
do )nu i
ir procci
wi,,,,iLdiniit. ,\ right to vein In- been claimed nl„ .. ~ . , , . . . , - . ..
Ilio miliorilv, lliat is, fnr nnch small eniiidv. To sup- von in,ic ed prepared to my to the intelligent freemen s a single being, with the form ol man, who would , r.,i; r .|
port it, re.-brt is lied u, the doeiriiiu of ttlaieTiiglds; the j nl'lhe up-cmiiiiies, that in bartering away this riyhi of | convert this Campania to a wilderness—this earth- j Mates. V\ ho does not love the Federal Consti-
•ight of a Slate
insrjo tho ronatiln
jn '.'40 and dote; r
ainl to prul'-ot In
unconstitutional;
inio.7v betwomi
> tin
\ lli'l
«l»j of.
|||| 'll In ;
mid
to 11u
n act ..l UotigriBH. i
/ m:d nun sure (if ro
tr.tivt tlit* iqioration
o:r ?' no siiiiib'irif} .
os—tho rilit oxi.-ts
lv. 'J’lio dfirti ino in
;i Stale, but nleuir
county. A Stalo
(oilnty not—A S
tin! dolor- . if
phi.
it. lie j i r <»i»
for die State,
lint liiTi'iu
must i o dot
SVllHt lliell i-
or. n county i.s ii
f< nee. a (anility noiio—Acouni
nato. di-united mul an entire "
tbo mialo'ry is bad ifi the liatids
to lia\ o no la,ill m ibis right
•onfeHM ii to he too trite faith
* niiuoiity haxe rights. ov»
i.*s hiiid, hi :i spirit of
I under
Millie—A Hint** has si
-A ( limit oriffinallv
n»|o of its? If.-
iC/iim that us
thing 1
That in fi
I'laee
d.ey so re:
he lie-ir n:
In 1 ike lilt
limit* tl.aii
I that pays
11 is a ft
] y lu lie
lers '
hall'tlie tu
inlhimr '
■I'm
inornimsu
I i>, I
, i,, -
d, I
uni fahrtil pnpolaiion that .
, and give it to a barren Ip ir<>
i-hel'ii
! ministered ?" Who docs not love Hint Hag under
whicli I’- rry and McUonough met the enemy ;u,<l
made tlieni ours, and fervently hope that tlie sun
of liiis confederacy may never go down in blond?
Let us, then, cling to tlie Constitution as the ark
of our safety- l.ct us cultivate feelings of en-
cluim to this territory. The retrocession by
Spain to France necessarily carries with it, all
that France had surrendered, and her rights can
in no mariner he affected by any subsequent act
or treaty of Spain—for this retrocession was an
unqualified confirmation of tlie original claim of
France.
The title of liie United States is unstained by
blood—untainted by tlie insolence, of conquest.
The purchase of Louisiana from France, vested
all her right and interest in the United Stales, and
tlie acquiescence of Spain (vide letter of M. Ce~
vallos to Mr. Pinkney, Feb. 10, 1804,) confirmed
our peaceable and unquestionable title. The
claim of the United States embraces all ihe right
of discovery and settlement hy France, down to
the Rio Grande del Norte. The implied acquies
cence of Spain hy the treaty of 1762, and her as
sent to our purchase, are admitted in the letter of
M. Ccvallos. The common principles which r*-
■Mtitri*
t li \ !(•!(!> a portion of
tin
mi non/if h
free whites
These ar
letuiin^ 1
ini' la
'Mi.- hand, and a
Mesa parlies local
(Tity-livc largest
iiidlest com.tie*,
utilities is 1-1'!*,1)0
1 white populati
tho parties; 11*.000 free v
itii 100,000. For wliat
the power to impose I
i the
i maji.rihj
minority on the
d ? Tho iiiajo-
oiinties. and tlie
The number of
i. The 5jr> large
n of H U,
i,. "i,i,
(Totlieers, civil mid military—
cute the laws—and in short, to
•flit
Where
Thero umst be Hume, ntionj' inducement, some weigh
ty comfideration that makes him resist and disobey
Hitch atitbority. Does he think, that being sinless in
flpringiitg the game, be may innocently join in the mir-
Hint ? Does he expect, that without the fatigue A liax-
7/ird of getting up the stag, he Hr.il be sharer v\h* i:
be, is taken, as a reward for his vi"ormts pursuit t—
We etivy him not bis sport.
The proposition which tho gentleman from Up
most strongly urged, and most freunenlly repeated
that ” no voice Should be beard in tin 1 government,
that of the people themselves.” This, with him i
■conceded point; this is the true and proper basis. If
\ haveujituiiiderstoo 1 him. 1 hope to be corrected—for
with his own weapon will I fight him, and out of bis
•own mouth condemn him. The people, and [Unpeople
alone-—this is his polar star, this his fortress, where he
lies entrenched—there he rests secure ly and fulminates
his “unti-repuhliranisw and aristocracy” at iIicm* who
differ with him. We may admire bis true, ron-isjent,
democratic, repuhlivfi\\ faith, but cannot approbate bis
practice. We hope him a safe deliverance in attempt
ing to answer the following plain and simple qiie*fions.
If yours be the only republican rule, how do you justify
your departure from it 7 If all who decline acting on
that rule ho federalists, aristocrats, as you say they are.
what prevents you from receiving that stigma 7 How
can your friends from Walton. DeK.tlb,aml elsewhere,
lay claim to republicanism ? Have you or they pro
posed or advocated that simple democratic basis? Are
you willing to support it if proposed? Have you not
jcxid f tho “ minority must he heard 7” That territorial j
representation * 4 is conceded as matter of ripht in one.
'branch, aud therefore it i« matter of right in tlie other l"
'That “ ouc branch orotlter ought to ho based on terri
tory,” otherwise a “ fourth will legislate for the tr/jo/c/”
And different iat rests in different sections will bu coin-
proinitted 7” Are these not your words 7 How will
one fourth legislate for the whole 7 Oue fourth of
whom 7 The People'l You do not mean that, hut
one fourth of the eouuiics of the territory; that is
doubtless your meaning; it is ruinous you think, that
one fourth of the territory should rub* tho residue—Imt
suppose all ** the jn pU, the projde alone'' jived on that
fourth, would it then bu right that tloir roue alone
idiould be heai * 7
Ify ou aud your friends have advocated none hut a
republican rule, what did you nr an when yon said, that
“ incurtailinp nundu rs. il should be on the principle■» ori
ginally adopted 7” What was that principle 7 Did it
not recognize the federal Lise l Was it then a repub
lican principle? And why not now 7 Is it les** so than
tho measure proposed by your friend from Walton,
and advocated by y mrself? When you divided tin
ffinta into geographically equal halves, you said "tarh
should have equal iuflueuctV un said also, that “ if re
presented hy lite population, they wotikl stand as to
P*" Which did you recommend, the former m Ihe -'lat
ter? Did you show your adhesion to the triu rule in that
esse? Aud why did you deptut from it ? '.Sir, J have
put these questions directly to the gentleman in his men
language, not to make more Mtiuilest bis iju-otisisten-
cies, but to shew him that justice and candor demand of !
l»im promptly to withdraw those offensive epithets,
** Anti-Republican and Aristocracy.” To remind him,
that whilst attempting to storm the castle of his udv er-
ttry, his own tenement was formed of a certain fra
gile aubslunce of transparent nature, and easily seen
through. I leave him, sir. to reconcile his many incon
sistencies, hoping that he may not need the aid of Ariad
ne’s thread to extricate himself from the maze.
The present, fir, is a controversy between the ma
jority and the minority of the people of this State, ify
the action of the Legislature under the existing Coii-
heir
body by that of the minority
This is admitted to be wrong in government; for i ll a-
gree that the majority should govern. Jt hn; likewise
been found, that the Legislature is loo numerous, that
the enactment of jaws is too expensive.
These two evils tin* people hau? resolved to remedy,
and for this purpose-have called this Convention.—
The plan proposed on one hand, seeks to remedy the
latter evil, by curtailing the Senate to forty-live and
the Representative branch to 144 ; it seek
money—Ti
to define crimes—to
govern flic eounfiy.
k’ir, if 1 should ask tin* question—Who lias tin
to govern in llii* country 7 is there a mail amongst
so ignorant, as not to know tli.it the majority ah,
ran rightfully exorcise this powei ' ( Vrt.iinly not
And yet, sir. htrange ns it inav app(
ibis 7’o:j\eiiliotl so« hi resolved to di 1
arid place the power ill the I- Hids of tli
I. eir pieteniii d excuse for it. is, tint
this matt 'r in a spirit of romprotnir
right of the minority which they have yielded, to pro
cure t! is compromise 7 W here is tin* conr-ssion they
have inad" 7 Hir, it ran not he shewn. The majority
have VI. idl'd in every instance ; they alone have made
coiice*eion—they have conceded to the minority ihe
pom r to rule. IS nt ho re tiny the majority* lone this 7
So Sir. This Uonventioii have done it for them.—
It is unnatural that a majority should surrender this
right, and in a body where it was propetly represented,
the like could never he done.
Sir, you may doubt niy word, but it is nevertheless
true, that there are now in this Convention, within
those walls, the representatives of a minority of the
people controlling the will of a majority of the poo-
|de, in enacting their fundamental law llovv lias
this happened 7 II is because this Convention is or
ganized on tho same |)rineip!o with the Legislature.
It is because tin 1 VV rritnry has a preponderance in re
presentation instead of the people, in this Coimntion.
Are von then surprised that tbo Torritoiy, or which is
the same thing, the small Counties, while they have
the control here, will ever surrender the power tli»y
have 7 The majority of the people are not represent'd
in ibis (‘ourent'h n. This alone explains the fact, that
an amendment proposing to give* tlie minority the pow
er. is 1 iL"ly to be adopted hy this body. This likewise
accounts tor th" fact, that, the majority hy their dele
gates here, instead of dirlattng terms to tin* vnin rl'y,
have yielded tin* power in the Senate, and are earnest-
ly rntrealino the minority, that they will give the majoii-
ty Mime ( ontronl in tbo House of l!epr:";"inativ( .<.—
Sir. if the bosoms of that majority bo in q i'»
spirit of freedom, that spirit will recoil not
upon vou for votir orli*o din-emird to tlieii
m/ijoniy to govern, you have purchased exemption I |y paradise to an earthly hell? Can it he true | tution ? Who cannot put his hand upon his heart
the injlucnrc.ed' the federal population of the State f I tliat such a being can be found amongst our own ■ and say with the venerable Warren, “ I am ardent- j
Y tm presume upon Uoir ignorance, as to make ji C()l||| , ryftieri an( | brothers ? Can there be really !y attached to the Union, fairly and honestly ad-
beliov c they are not npait ol that majoiit.,. hmirt-^and that in our own countrv too—which
f >mi have conveyed away 7 J Jjat tJjcv, as Jiee- , , . . . * , •
,; r( , , m! ,, luru imVresieil 0, pru.-rorva thV ti-lit- of “Ottl'l I 1 'juice to see every southern mnuntniii tt
,»j»rily tn"rule, UmnUioy uru to rejnot the ioriorul i Vesuvjns. and every town a Herculaneum ; or
' 'VViil they iiutatii^luiica perceive, tl. at in fie, ins wliit*lr»oiild, il it could, clothe ottr fields with
from t’iU uijliiuicc, vn,t stthjeet lli. nt to tint control dctu^alion, and turn our rivers into blood ? Can
ast mnl frnitlehs Unitary vvltere in, man trends l—, j.Zu really true tint! there are men—and in our . _ .
ill 1.1 I injr them from tlie lionda-u of tin* former. I A*n e.onnlrv too who would delight to see every | larged patriotism aritl fraternal concord towards o- gulate social order, vest a posititive title in (he'
titter* on their nocks tint yoke of the latter Arryjtiutliern ehy a St Domingo, and every village a j v ®'y other section of tlie Union. Let us do all United States; -and in assuming this province, we*
le slaves, in to choose who sltijq Soulliaiiiplo":i; and wIto would exult as they'he- | that we can to promote their welfare, consistently stretch with the strong arm of power, no dubious
held cloud upon cloud rising and spreading, like ! with the Constitution, and with our own essential | equity, ami violate no truth either of moral or n*-
a pall, over the blasted'hopes and ruined prospects rightt.. Let u, strictly observe the compact, in its I liotr.il law. The sole obstacle which can be rais-
of all ibis fair ami lovely portion ol the Union ? ! s P ml its purity, towards them, and insist upon j ed to our possession, is that expediency which
,„tj „» ,1,0 mill,lie enmities arc I Genius of I'hilatitlirtipy'! are these thy votaries ? i its being so observed by them in relation to our- j surrenders public right to the fear of war. Of
oppn.-iup tho preposed nmcudmcii" on I Sacred Sqiiiit of Religion! is this thy law ol j selves. We shall thus enjoy the urouti consola- this, there can he no apprehension; for a bold and
eftniiiils, ainl yet erptnlly true is it. >.al it j | ove j q (i( | (l |* m ,. r(; y | r ’ aro ipose the offerings, I t' 011 of having discharged our obligations, faith- j decisive assumption of onr rights would ipso facto
I which rise, like sweet smelling savours, to thy fully and conscientiously, to the Constitution ami I preclude any violation of our possession.
throne of grace ? Is this language ton strong ! I •be Union: anti if the melancholy day shall ever There is more of ingenious sarcasm, than of
i Ho I commit injustice to our Northern brethren I come, (which I trust that heaven may avert) when | practical truth, in the leading conceit of Montes-
I hy alluding to this topic? Turn your eyes, then, J ilire necessity shall compel us to throw off' the j quieu on republics. He believes that a small ter-
I fellow-citizens, to that section of tlie Union, arid ! one * an| l dissolve the other, we shrill at least be ■ rttory is the natural state of a republic, but with
I say, what arc tlie prospects there of continued j able to say with truth, " If Rome must fall, we are an extensive country it eannot long subsist. Ilis
- - * 1 innocent !" casuistry is based on the acceptation of the term,
republic, dependant alone for its meaning on the
TEXAS.
FROM THU (RICHMOND) JEFFERSONIAN.
This beaulifttl cuunlry is now exciting Ihe
leepesl interest of public attention. Tlie resist
less tide of emigration is rapidly rolling towards
till.* Ir
ir of this monsiirc. <’ >>\v
luciiibur* from Henry, Monroe and J n<‘-\
Ivocalin# tlie proposed amendment.- It
Ii or purpose toqiiestioii tlie coiir-e ormy
!iat is a matter between himself and t • •--(■
Lot in a certain regard, it is a in. lei
itself before all ol'tis. We all bcliev il
important to propose stieli amendments as will be ad ft
- ed by the people, and at the same time remedy eM
Die right of mak- ing ev ils. What arguments or distinct interests eanlit
I appropriate | piopo-ors of this amendment oiler to the people of In
are found
i ( not my u
gentleman
lie repiex'i
that pri
harmony with us ? Is every thing calm and
peaceful ? Is their language that of friends who !
feel their happiness involved in ours, or their tie- j
portment that of patriots, who see tlie welfare oft
| tlie whole confederacy in the tranquility and pros-
* perity of all its parts? On tlie contrary, do you !
' not sec the torch of Alecto kindled, and altars ;
middle counties ? Il is a measure which should ha
no respect to parties. Is it not, however, too evict'll,
that for the purpose of dividing the middle coiini -s.
jnn ty ( onsiderations have entered 7 Upon what otkr
prim ip!e can you present to them, a measure so sia i-
dal to their permanent interests 7 'Flint takes from tlu ti
tlieii* just share of political inllnence nt the pacrilice I
a majority of I the first prim ipl»* of representative govermmmt 7 Wil
ord liiis rule, I yon tel! them it free* them front an aristocratic feature <! * , . . . , - ,
iuority. And ! iludr govei nim nt I Doyoii expect them to believe tict' j ^ r( ’ ss 1° die injured and liberty to the c.tpt iv
ndjttsi Or. that believing that, they will relinquish tlieii inn rt 1 What else arc the sounds that hurst upon your
reared to the Kmcnides on almost every hill ? |ts | t . rt ,j,,
Do you not see the spirit of political hostility, r j V ers~
plains. Its healthy climate—its noble
id its cloudless skies, lend to our con
questionable democracies of antiquity. The com
plex, yet simple system of our confederated Union„
is rather benefited than injured by an extent of
territory. There may be danger in the selfishness
of local and sectional jealousy, yet this feeling re
strains the ruinous intrigue of Court faction, and
preserves onr constitution, both in its integrity
’I'li
Tin
the j tlic<" in order to adopt a new, irrational, unjust
equally aristocratic m!e 7 Will you tell tin* poor
it gives his neighbor more weight than himself,
will tell you he has erpial inllnence, ami politicnlv
speakiiiir, derives the same advantage with bis ii< h
m iglibor in the same county.
The basis assumed by the proposition of the p trie-
mail front Walton, forms another strong motive with
me to rej< ct Ike amendment. I am in favor of the
amendment, proposed by the gentleman from (ircene,
(Mr. Dawson,) to retain the federal basis. In the 7rt
comities, the population of which has been e.-timated,
there areT>I, which,from tie* proportion ofslavesin them,
any mail may perceive has a decided, and we might
suppose, a controlling interest in this qtistiou. 'rinse
f>! counties have an aggregate white population of
‘-2‘J Imore than two thirds of the free white persons
in the SiaTe. Thu only inducement earthly, offered to
this two thirds to abandon so deep ami rital
(an interest felt here, ns well ns in our
is, that the minority shall controil the Legislation of tin
country. A principle which they ought never to ad
mit or contend lor. espef ially at a price so dear.
[l can scarcely lie believed, that party zeal having in
view the ephemeral objects of party success, can j>ro
cure advocates enough, even in this Convention. t<
propose a measure to the people of (ieorgin, the ten
dency of which, is to jeopardize every inhabitant, to j l ' l,s f
assail directly the most vital into rust of more than two- i of M
thirds of till the free white people, which is calculated j sv.st<
to invite n change in our Federal relations, and which | (,
is in itself perfectly se*: idal. Sir. in ibis question, eve
ry mail, woman, aim child, and infant unborn has ;
deep interest. It is beyond the power of Conjecture. '
to depict tho horrors that may follow in the train of its
adoption.
Then, Joir, vonr proposed amendments contain these I
two features unequivocally : first, they place the |m»vv-
er of the (iovernmeut in the hands of tbo minorby; I
secondly, they relinquish the Fed-ralbase. Now, Sir, \
tvbat redeeming feature da they possess 7 We have
M'cn they do not render representation more equal.— i
That is demonstrable. Wliat advantage then have they
>ver the old system 7 UptMi what ground can we re-j
commend them to the people 7 Wliat rirturc do they i
possess not contained in the old system, so well ralenhi- (
ted to promote the happiness of the great body of tli
people of (ieorgin 7 Is it
iv mg of several thousand annually 7 I object to them
on this ground also. There is not reduction enough in
either branch—but some reduction is better than
flying, like a fury, from city to city nml from j H j ( j crf rtimis'rmH.' Ikkrk'or Bto ''cniituNiaim'' ntr.l simplicity Our own experience has (augh«
tittle to Suite, proclaiming Jest ruction to our lo- mimce ,| ian ,|, e dulness of reason. Despite this ! " s 1 are more profitable than dange-
al institutions ; and tlie spirit of fanaticism, re- j physical heaotv. it is now hut a rural wilderness. I ri "‘! - . >m llK ’ «*>le of our public latuli
Iress to the injuretl anil Itlterty to tlie captive ? | ls ”pnvernnirnt is force—its liberty, licentiousness ! " -e U "’! ! l,l< ; l ''' ;ls, ' ,l . olir population, and diminished
-—while rliseortl and faction have reduced
ttl-
:L!iitly
,1 j cars, or tlie itisi'Jtious movements that oli'end j mosl l0 t |ie veree of anarch)*. A large portion
o j your sight. Why is it that incendiary missives , )t * j t3 inhabitants arc natives of the United States,
are daily thrown, like firebrands into every pnr | w |, 0 | 1;ive cinr ied thither that enterprise, virtneand
tion of tlie South l Why is it that engines of I intelligence, which so eminently characterize the
that description have recently increased, ns they c j t j ze ris ofour cottnlry. With them it is but a
have done, linth in numbtjr and influence? Why c hange of resitlence--a mere extension of the
is it that the regular presses of the North, instead j cori | w |,. c p, unites them to the land of their lath-
of rebuking ibis foul spirit with merited si-crity,
are themselves discussing the propriety of legis
lative interference with our rights? Why is it
that not only no laws arc passed fo prevent these
outrages, but that associations, otherwise excel
lent and laudable, have mingled tlie subject ol
slavery with questions of morals and religion ; j
rous. From the
we have
our national expenditures. If Texas was purchas
ed, the assumption and sale of it as public land,
would neither make our (iovernmeut avaricious nor
mercenary. Il would alford one more instance of
the justice of our civil institutions; for the amount
of its sale would accrue to the. people by whoso
taxation it was originally obtained.
To the Southern portion of our Union, thepos-
I’ltey confidently appeal to „s for the pro- I sossio "," r . ,;,i " ls 01 "‘^Itmablc advan-
• * ' 1 • • ' ■ -stage. It is a land ol slavery—and its staple pro-
toetion of their civil rights, and the enjoyment of
the profit of their labors. We owe it to them—-
to ourselves....and to our common country, to as
sert by decision and spirited negociation, our first
claim, and honest title to this country.
”*exas is bounded on tlie North by Red River
and that societies, established for the purpose, j xyliicli separates it from the Arkansas Territory;
have formally adopted and circulated resolutions
d rital an interest, j affirming the propriety and necessity of itmnc- | gm; ,|| portion of the same river and the gulf of
■ lederal relations.) diate abolition? Or why is it that we arc con-j Mexico; and Ivas,t oy Louisiana, and the River
• 1 ' gt.tnlly reminded, as wo are, of Southern weak-' - •• ... •• ......
ness and of Northern strength ; and that, as the
Northern nations overran the Roman empire
productions, sugar and cotton, must and will i
quire a constant supply of slave labqt. The
South must be the niniket, and we may then have
one more safe means of profiting by the value of
that property, the stability of which, has been
shaken less by Northern interference, than by our
West by the Rio Grande del Norte; South by a I le ='. 8,atlve r “ nB, «* , «“>
M.
•(abine. It is almost five hundred miles in length
and three hundred and fifty in breadth....contain
ing mote than ouc hundred thousand sip
;t similar fate nitty befall Ihe South, unless j n ,ii c ,,. ]? e low the. mouth of the Cqlorado com
it he averted hy patience and submission ? Lei | m ,,„ ces t |, e Spanish provice ol New Santander ex-
us not be told, then, that there, is no dang 1 ....
thu
fltitution, the majority have uniformly found the
will controlled in that body by that of the minoritu -
s;Mni;i ih"ir just (H'litaiK
st tod, tim«t be liN-cd cxchtsiudy on territory, and
lesentiition in that bianr!-, uittst bo by cli-truM.-', f? 1
of adjacent uountiov. '1'bis will give to tbo min.
as any one may piMocive, tli" power in tbo Senate
lii of';.miyiii'i tbo llmve of Koprosontativos.
gontloiuan ftotn SN'alton. proposes to fix tho Nn in hot at '
M-l_gi\ in.'* to the l.'» counties having ihe greatest free '
white population !» members; the t?. r > next highest 2 ;
and the remaining counties. I ouch.
This proposition gives the power into tbo hands of
the minority of the people—l thctolbre oppose it. The
minority will also have it in the Senate, und hence will
eoiitroul the entire Legislation of the country. Is this
right 7 Will the majority submit to it 7 Will they
ratify it 7 Re assured, Mir, they will.not. I think I
may speak for that portion which 1 represent, and as
sure you, your proposed amendment will be rejected.
I have said the proposed amendment will give to tho
\ minority the power—I will now prose it by a simple
process of figures. 1 de-fire that every gentleman op
posed to my views, will follow mo in the estimates, and
correct me if I should err
I confine myself to the free white, population, and
make the calculation only on the 7H counties set d
in the tabular lists, having no data as to the new n
this. The addition of tho 11 new eonnl'u's will not
terifilly vary die result
counties, not because their delegates are all found to
act in unison : that is not the case. Rut the mass of
them do—an ! to supply the place of those who, from a
sense of duty, vote ditVerently. means have been re
sorted to, to secure the co-operation of some front the
large counties.
The fdi smallest counties have an aggregate popula
tion of I white inhabitants—the remaining 25
counties have a population of free whites, of MiO.lkJ'd.
Ry the amendment, the fd! counties will have (W rep
resentatives—whilst tli'e tF* counties will have only
In other words, } !*■.(KM) free white peojde willseiultW
representatives, whilst 1(»0.(M>0 free white people will
send but (T>—This gives tin* power to the minority.—
Those who are in it minority of l*J (M!0 will rule a ma
jority, and for no earth
are scattered through fill counties, instead of *J
for this reason and this alone, that the minority are to j
he entrusted with the power over the lives, tlie liberties,
and tlie fortunes of the majority. Is this just 7 Is
this repnldit an ? Is this in accordance with your strict
rule of ri^ht? Does this preserve the principle, that
tin.* people and the people alone should be npresented /
Does this not give the weight und power of represen
tation to territory 7
{Sir, it is admitted tho majority should govern. Why
then auliiorize the minority t.» exercise that power?—
Is it by way of < ompromi*o f this concession i *. made
hy you, of "thu right, of tho mnjority ? What runrs- j' ' j „ m 110t ruti( y
jnjndtno concession o! tho rights ot tho minority, have | r 1
you ottered by way of inducement to get the majority
| to ratify this act of yours 7 Sir. I have seen none. No
• gentleman lias shew n it—none can shew it.
| Rut the enormity of this pretended compromise, may
I he seen ina striking manner, if we contrast the iullii-
eueo of one j am tion of the people in Legislation
j \\ it Ii that of another. In tin* ‘JO largest counties, there
| is an aggregate of Idl.UHi peisons— ; fret white per
sons—my estimate at present is on them alone. In the
j ‘JO smallest routine-', there are but *J1.1'17 free white
persons. Ry tho amendtnent proposed, the *J 1,000 will
I have *J0 Representatives: the EM,000 will have , r >5
j lt«jpreseiltuti»i“». A lillh* more than twice as manv.—
! Whereas by tin? rule, giving thu “people alone the right
j to be represcu.ed,” they are cntill
:bjcct. Let us not be fold of the opinion I
-. Webster, who denounced the protective
u ns unconstitutional and oppressive, and
l yet, when it became popular in tlie Fast, voted
| to rivet it upon the South by the cannon and
; lie bayonet ; and who, even whilst be admits
i hat Congress cannot constitutionally legislate
| u reference to slavery, fans the flame of mis-
I chief by pronouncing it a great moral and po-
• litieal evil,” implying of course that it ought to
| be removed. Let its not be told that the abolition-
lists tire few and destitute of influence, and that
llie Northern people generally entertain no feel
ings or designs unfriendly to our policy or calcu
lated to disturb it. Weak as that party may be
thought by those who will not sec its strength, it
is decidedly stronger now than formerly, nml is ra
pidly extending among all classes of society. I*c-
duction and a consequent j titions are even now preparing for a war, and the
worst of all wars, upon the South. The Missou
ri question may be revived, with renewed strength,
and in a more odious form. Our rights-and liber-
H57 ADBN'li.
We recommend to the attention of all reader*,
the following sensible ami judicious observations
of the Editor of the Boston Advertiser and Pa
triot :
ten,ling ii. a South Eastern direction along the j J'™ <•«'™b 15™"—-The last number of the
211II 0I' Mexico, mnru than two degrees beyond rite j I' 1 1 lci ! j" I”? 81 I,r ?’ ‘ onl.nns .1 long and interest-
^ ^ •' I inn iirliHn U’rtfffin In! l!r
Rio del Norte.
Texas was formerly a part of Louisiana, and
s^v , '^.^*n ^ *■- ->• »ubj.c,ed«»„ ri f , v?
they si,all not have what they wish? Tell the majority [ than any they have yet sustained. And is there
of tin* people of this State, they shall not have reduc
tion. or eannot get it ns they will it, unless they will sur
render their greatest interest—unless they will stirtvndir
the power to will anything ? To whom shall it be -ur-
reudered 7 To whom shall the relinquishment bo
made 7 Sir. I repeat, it is no better titan an tifteinjit
to bribe the free people of (Ieorgin, to offer them re
duction on such terms. They are too intelligent not
. to perceive it—and if the spirit of freedom vet lives,
I take .».! ol the smallest th«*y will spurn the oiler. They have resolved on re-
r 1 n !,r “ " •“ ( )(24-tioii, mul reduction they will have, and that without
the sacrifice you rail on them to make. Should this
Convention, having in itself the power to control the
will of the majority, persist in tbo proposed amend
ments, they may expert them to be rejected. The peo
ple will again rail a (’onvetion, and .should their will
in* still defeated, you may then look for nothing short
of revolution.
ir, much lists been claimed for tbo seaboard on ac
count of its exposed situation during the war, and the
venerable member front Camden has urged the signal
services rendered there. We accord to those services
all that grateful hearts can give. Rut be it remember
ed, that those too who resided in this middle section,
, i shared a part. In that hour of peril, whose lircs were
-nt Imt thu! tlie minority j sl „| UM |, w | mse wer0 thrown in tin* breach,
where did the soldiers come from? Whose pod,els
wore opened to pay tho expense of the campaign 7 1
I will not stop to read the history contained in the nr-
I chieves of State, hut make my appeal to the old and
the middle aged, within these walls, to prove that the
i/iiddle country bore the burden and heat of that day.—
And is it for that, the member from Camden, with his
friends, have formed this unnatural alliance to rol> us
of our due influence in the (iovernmeut l
I hope, Sir, t|mt these amendments will not be a-
dopted hy the Convention ; that, if they should he, the
jwople. for whose benefit pretcndcdly they ha\e been
( article written bv Hr. Edward Reynolds of this
| city, entitled Hints to Students on the use of the
! Eyes. We are prevented, by the length of this
article, from transferring it into our columns: but,
i as some of the suggestions contained in it, are nt
variance with the notions commonly entertained
| upon the subject, it may gratify our readers to
! know the results to which the experience of Dr.
J Reynolds has led him, even unaccompanied hy
The ct,liin of Frnri c e re sis on a principle, the I ll . i, j 1 ! 11 ;lml y=.ri«t la illustrations. Tlie present pe-
abstract absurdity of which it rlr.es now become nml ls market! by an unusual prevalence of dis-
us to contest. Mankind has admitted the right !
under the general terms of our purchase from
France, it fuirlypind legally belongs to us as a ne
cessary and inseparable right. The writer propos
es to consider,
The claim of France to this province.
The conflicting claim of Spain.
The title ol the United Slates.
•‘of seizing on lands, which, if uncultivated, are
not to he esteemed occupied,”* and in’the scram
ble for American colonies, discovery, in ihe casu
istry of the day, established properly. To tlie
province of Texas the claim of France originated
alike from the right of immediate discovery, and
the right of constructive possession.
Ferdinand de Soto in the year 1530, was tho
first European who traversed the country border
ing on the Mississippi, lie made no discovery—
and claimed no right of possession for his king.
In 1083, La Salle and Father Hennepin, made a
formal discovery of the Mississippi country, which
on the return of Hennepin to France, with a
glowing narrative of its beauty and fertility, re
ceived the courtly title of Louisiana. In 1015, a
squadron under the command of La Salle, left
France for the express purpose of establishing
eases of the eye; and it is generally believed,
that a studious course of life lias an almost neces
sary tendency to produce them. This is declared
by Dr. Reynolds to be a mistake ; these disease*
arise, not from the proper, but from the extravagant
use of the organ ; in other words, from the abuse
of it; in many instances, unconsciously. One of
the most common and least suspected causes of
weakness of sight, is the exposure of the eye to
the frequent alterations of the weak and strong
light. In order to avoid this, the eye.should never
be exposed suddenly to a strong light, on awaking
from sleep: the apartment for study should be
well lighted, as well by day an in the evening ; anil
no person who devotes the evening to study,
should previously sit for any considerable time in
darkness, with the mistaken view of giving rest to
his eyes. In reading and writing, the eye should
have that moderate degree of light, which produ-
power that can arrest this monster? No reason
ing that can convince it of its error ? No eloquence
that can divert it from its fell resolve? No. Or
pheus might lull Cerberus to sleep by the .sweet
ness of his lyre; Jason might charm the dragon
that guarded the golden fleece; but there is no
power that can avert the spirit of political hatred !
embittered and inflamed by all the wild delusions J
of false benevolence and mistaken duty. Shall i
we remind our Northern allies of the sacred rights !
of property? What care they for rights that they de- \
ny, or lor possessions which they pronounce unlaw- j
fill ? Hliall w e tell themihat the federal constitution
prohibits tlieir interference ? They know no Consti- j
tution but the will of the majority. Shall ■
mind them ol onr i
trton toils and tjIurL., . .. „ al too t (roo from iNew ,, eon . ,
liu* ties ol consanguinity to the lost of power, or j The i.- rench s ,j|| llrge d tlieir clhim, anil until Ar S anl1 3""*y la "P without the dark shade. Unity
all the endear,n« assoc,at,.,ns o( human,,), to the t thc I717 , n0 „ e p was take,I to adjudicate ! sha,le l)e ^cd, one of oiled paper is preferable to
demon of fanaticism 7 A»"l what hj iln» rnw» ulm.nt I . . J ... ...... t j
of all these movements
colony on the Mississippi. Entering the gulph I ces distinct vision, unattended by any unpleasant
of Mexico, he ignorantly passed she mouth of the ! sensation : the light of the room should be equal-
Mississippi and anchored in a deep capacious bay 1 ly distributed as possible, but not reflected nor
supposed to be St. Bernard, near the Colorado concentrated. I he danger of the exposure of
river, and r.bout a middle point on the Texas 1 L ’J es ,0 a Uglily concentrated light, is shown
shorn of tho gulph of Mexico. Here it Fort wns I * J - V rl 'Urence to two cases of incurable blindness,
erected anti the usual formalities of possession j in indmdtiais, who watched the progress of the
. . - . c . i performed. In a few years, the colony was at-| • j - < ,
nr common origin, and of the com- 5 tacket) an( | ,i„ strovc ,| by a detachment of Spanish quantity of light best adapted to evening study,
lories of our ancestors r \\ hat are , lroo . )3 j* r()|n jvj tMV | iC()n . ; Dr. Reynolds recommends the use ot the common
late solar eclipse with the naked eye. As respects
no step was taked to adjudicate
adaries. In that year, La i — ■-> » •••« i—. .
, ..... ... ...plore thc country and estab- I b y which js t0 ° concentrated. The practice ol
gate this crusade against the feoutli, rrally govern- | jsll it3 | imlts . The Spanish command,mt De la I ' VPari, 'S a shade before the eyes, in reading by
cd hy the htim.irmy of Wtlberfarce. Are‘they [ CoruC) anticipating the justice of the French candle-fight, is pernicious, because, by keeping
And1 what is the true object |hpj ' res ,, oct ;Ve boundaries. In that'year, ‘|, a the usual one of ground glass, the light produced
Are the men who inoti- , la „„ 8ent explo *
Howaril-*. searching the earth, like angels of mer
cy, for objects of benevolence ? No ; the great mo
tive is political ambition : die great purpose, sec
tional aggrandizement. Were the Southern States
entitled to no representation in Congress on ac
count of their Slave population, or would they
tamely consent to relinquish it, we should hear no
more of "this great moral and political evil.”
But ns they never will abandon that portion of
claim, endeavored to establish a fort on tlie Red ! ,hem in an unnatural state of darkness, it exposes
River. La Ilarpe was equally careful of the ob
ject of his mission, and the spirited correspon
dence between them, evinces both the continued
claim of France and the obstinacy of Spain. In
the reply of La Ilarpe to a threatening letter front
Delncorue, he distinctly claims Texas as a part of
Louisiana, and contends dial Misois who discov-
them to tlie evils arising from the sudden change
from a weak light to a strong one; but this habit
is less pernicious than that of reading and writing
by twilight. Gazing nt the moon for a considera
ble time, or at the lightning, is highly injurious.
Reading and writing by a side light, should also
be avoided; the best light is that which is suff
ered New Mexico, never advanced Fast of that I c ’ Rat * or distinct vision, and which falls over ihe
J tlieir power, why, the source must he abolished j p rov .* lnce — t * nat i ja s a || e loo g possession of the I ' clt shoulder, in an oblique direction from ahov.e,
| Iron, wltoh it ,s dertved. In add,Non to d„s. tryfor hl3 lm . jt Christian majesty, in toils “ ‘ ‘ “
j now that the 1 anti is disposer, of, another sub- .. am| ' ince lllat c|)nch , possession had been re
• jr. t of excitement must ho substituted in n£ ce ived from time to time."?
I sten.l. Ami whit more admirably adanteu than . n ,
I this, to promote the views of a Norther',, aspirant I In J7 - '' J ' n , ,, ' 1 < r l’ e u;H , or i ) ? r<,<1 'T I)e
* to thc Presidency ! Wliat can display a more en- vil, ° Commat’danr General of Louisiana, lo sur |lle UI)U
larged and statesmanlike mind than to establish vc > an ' 1 P ,,3SPSs 1 11,1 arm, ' , ‘ l,,r . cp ' th , e cul,n,r >'| subject
ihe dominion of the North upon the utter prostra- I 1 . 11 dispute. I*a fp'P 6 I''’?'!', t on , l " H rel . ur " mer, should he' unfashionable enough to protect
tit,tt of the .‘'•until? Or yvhnt In tier calculated ,0 this servtcc, that of had coasted more thun s
merits, but as constituting the lomidation of other 1 fascinate the fancy of visionary dreamers, who 1,110 ''ttmlred leagues Wear of the Mississippi.
IceisUtion still more aibitrary and tyrannical.— would propagate their false notions of phii.i'ithro- ' dj* 11 he had entered a fine hay tstij,posed to he
—:noooo:—
F.XTHACT KltUM THK OR AT ID V OF
Unity "4. Rtnckiii'y, l^quiro,
Delivered in Charleston, on the lute \th of July. ! j
But odiotfs as die Force Bill is, it is not onlv
to he opposed becausi* of iis own intrinsic (Ic
on the hook or study table. Among the e*
vd habits mising from neglect of these precau
tions, are those of sitting with the hack to tho
window, and holding the hook or paper before the
eyes, and holding a candle between the eye and
the book. Dr. Reynold also observes, on the
of lijlit, that the brim of the hat, in sum-
m\ times the fact of its having
inav In- iiS('(
fllall, I Ial>er*diam, (iwimi 'tt, !
to remedy ,
lira funner evil by making territory tin* b„M* for the i t" mi ' r -
Senate, giving it Senator to two counties, A by nudattg j Again—The roll of*
territory the exclusive base ofrtl Representatives, go- 1 .‘ilont'o** tiltd Henry, linvc an ;i."gr,*g:itc wiiit,* poptilt
ing e^cfi county one, and rlistrihutiug the ti-iiiuio.'tt;' I tiau of Tltc roiiotirn ol f dyim, I'rt; u. Aloutgo-
66 between il„; countius luiving tlu, largo *t utnalH*r of! t * 1 * * *y • I'tni'lnlph a ltd \\'. ,!' , :n r III lit ".(’>!') IVoc white
(Vo* while persons, giving to thc 15 iiiglic:.! two, 1 ■ |.t‘rso,is. Tim f*iliter have irircpresi'iitativcs.lholni-
next 25 higloist. tun* in R'liinii.i, *. so lh.it tl,0 |. highest 1 1 r live. 'Pints you give thcsi* -iiiafl roll nt ic o
cotmlies bliall have three, tin* *-5 next highest two, and I l *“' power, whereas I y onr lolrci iry's o;rn ru
liw nnuiining *PJ counties shall Itave one jfi pr.*, . nt,- 1 ure entitled to I-,, thait uno fifteenth,
live1 each. . . i 1’ii.aliy, sir, tin, enumy of llnll has 11,177 fix
By Ibis plan, tlie enure Henale and PO of I I t llrpro- pet . ti., that uf tilvtin unit* tV4*J—(,ly nil will lit
MUUUve., are baled exclusively 011 tnriforv In tin* I mol Hall Hire.• rue, ». utuiives. I,Ivon will I.
whole Uegulalore, as it will la* out of lett r/,,r/tin, power ol ‘l.,|| wlierea. it'ts unit
MtnlMtratijuint ballot,uttly 55 will hu sent, then, ihe
principle of whom* apportionment litis regard to tie.
aumher they ri’pn eut. The only ehum e, tl. ,. t., r ...
tiiat tho people wall ham of exercising tlie control, mil
apportionment respects thru
Ural lire people w ill ban
t>« Utroo”li lit., 55, whies
I shall not atop tu e epnr* inlo lire rnciil. of the >, eminlt
4*Cu» propwwj. I b.'npve /I fiy .Jjvft uf t hat j give, t
l ttie ,
about one mm teetilli.
This, .ir, is the eumprtimlsn.
rity the pirwer ill both Inula lit*
pites to it l.iNiti per.on. m th
lime, a miohvvi glit u. lire
To 6,1,
. unto *t
the eye from the direct rays of tho burning s“ n *
The morning is the season of the day, when's*
. , 1 , -o— - , 1 . , , . . - *..- . e,es can best endure severe labor: hut it is an*
One act ol despotism, unresisted and tt,.redress- J py, as the prophet of Mecca did his false religion, Galvetsou,) but tliat the hostility ol the silva^es W|ap |0 immediately from tltc bed to the study
cd, IS always made the pretext and justification of hy fire and sword ! And lias it conic to this .' Are 1 prevented him from making a settlement. Tltc 1 ta ble. Much use of them after a full meal sbonlti
another. Congress has usurped the power ol the dearest interests of tho South lo be furever ; inaccuracy ol Itis latitude and longitude renders I p e avoirlctl as well as all labor nr study which
latino tu the Tariff, and the very ; the sport and play thing of the North? Are our j ,llls r, ‘l’ ort va ? 110 a '"! uncertain, and for the want L tra j, )S the eyes, when the body is in a heated con-
tig so usurped 11 in regard to that, property and liberties lo he made the instruments, | ,( a more definite limit of tlie 8011th Western j ilion . The straining ol the eve hv artificial eve-
ay lo- used to justify its extension to other nml not only of sectional power, hut even of inrlividii- , boundary ol the province, we are naturally led lo j • x Vh ' n K ,, 1( l e iit is »'
!,... v:;: ,heri,, V"!!.ll’?; wtgli to use ,i.c,„ mud, by candie-iigh., i»
.sboubJ sHrci hutIi rending or ntudy, as is not a*
cessarily connected with great mental effort—
Writing, wlteit it is not attended with much m*
lelleclual exertion, is preferable to reading. Among
1 lie preservatives of the sight, the enjoyment ttfl ret >
i pure air—daily, and regular exercise—the nffS a 8
„„ . . rnentof the dress so as not to interfere with lit# "•*■
Hu cojhrl,,,,; chum of ,N jrrri;,.—AI the settle- dotn of th-cire tilalton... sir, ct lent perance...ap'»l'"
1111111 1,el,r ,l,c lj ''- v 1,1 hl * J " '" ari1 ll > Halle in q U uolit> of sleep-anti a suflicient amount of »•*
* B ratio, de Jure iVc. lii,. ‘1. cap. *.>, f 17. ° r acl '"", (l1 ‘y*-*— ar « enumerated a*tb«
1 la. Ilarjm cone ht. log'cgl hitter, wiU. the I " |K "! •'«“ ul !'!'“O
' luvulrv ol hi* (uiiiitry. *• Il you will do me tbo ! of ,l,0,n i,rn experieniicd. tficy should bo at 0 .
[lien.ora t«., tm* into tin. quarter 1 will convince von " l,el "' ,, " 1,1 '''pose, which is belter uccritnl'H"
1 hold a post I Know how tiiditfoinl." j Gy 11 change, than a cessation of labor. j
,' A repnbhciitiou of which i» preserved in Mr. D»r* 1 washing with flic hand in cold water, It in
Ity'a learned workou Loutsiats | the best me.n.» of alieagfiirning the ffet. I* 1 "
till more vital mailers, to which it may hereafter i al advancement? Arc the people of the Smith I i,s 01 'i«'" ,ia l stirvev. The maps printed al Lon
be applied, lu litis point of view, it becomes destined forever like Tantalus, lo be surrounded dun 17 ,u > at N»*emherg by Homan iiil712J
uttr solemn duly, never 10 cease onr efforts against with blessings, l>ut not permitted to enjoy them ? I atI ^ 1,1 'J'”? nnd the British official and military
Or like fctysiplius lo he continually struggling niap:a of 17.5.5, ail fix tlie Sunlit Western lioun-
f'.tr tlieir rights, hut not suffered to retain them ! 1,1 Louisiana at tlie Rio Grande del Norte,
Well, he il so. But let our oppressors romem- * tu,,, *tilutiiiu ouc of those hold geographical oul-
her, dial however they niov vaunt their strcugih, I*** 1 * 8 "hicli nature sci'ius to have planted lor a
or cinulaui, il lhi*v please, the enviable character , boundary.
die Force Bill* until it is repealed. 1|‘ Con
thud ! * ,aa »* •’•Rhl to enact that Bill, what measure is
they 1 there, however outrageous and atrocious, which
' it may not pass, nnd enforce hy the strong arm ol
tvhitc ! power ? As it lia« alrtmly exempted one clat*
one, I of our citizen 7 from (lie opcrat;< i of our law*
none 1 nlatiiig to the Taritf, why nni) it not extend it*
cd to I kindness to ituotli
. I regulate that
1( given to ilia 1
if the Le|fl»hilure
„,, u ;j ruuulies, d.r* «• i ,,,,m " »'«» |""|" "v oy mujui-1 i no niiiiiu may on nvvaiied, out never overcome
v number in the lutirc i taxation, why not In lake it direidv uml I No people (an he etuhtvid who arc not ready for
liie Mntdl lounl.ia, .t without LuinpiTiiadoii ? fi n has a r*ghl tu ro-1 a master. No power can conquer Irecnicti wlio
l* U4 tJi'j name uuuibcr (free ot/tdiem c to legnlutnv why i..,i to] arc dctfrwiiutd to conlmuc five, J.oi tut an A-
of Huns and Yn'idnU. they will find no feeble
Fmperor in the South disposed to purchase a
r class ol our population, and 1 dishonorable peace, or a degraded and elfemiiitac
, rdmg to its paternal cm,cep. J race who would prefer the destruction of their
‘|J ti*»iis of democratic equality and justice ? Ii it rights lo tin* trouble of preserving them. No!
•r* e i (tgh* to undermine our piopeily hy iuiqni- The Houth may he assailed, hut never overci
' ' 4 - - ■ • • ‘ -* ‘ L,