Newspaper Page Text
e irnnscribo frorti tb
following remarks, *
fltfrc is J' ct f° 0<1 9Cfc ' /
interests of others to '
, a t,=i'actorily prow^_^
SOUTHE
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Bur IE VIE
,ietrs.
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& OBHE.
MILLEDGEVILEE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH »1, 1827.
price
tf* . r annum, payable in advance, or $ouu Dollars, if
‘■‘“’id before the end of the year.
a vektisemlnts conspicuously inserted at the usual rates.
■ _ sent without a specification of the number of insertions,
published until ordered out, and charged accordingly
, K 0 f land and negroes, by Administrators, Executors, or
I Sa bans, arc required by law to bo held on the first Tuesday
f ,u * r n , jn th, between the hours of ten in the forenoon and
I a l lC ’afternoon, at the Court-house of the county in'
il‘ ree , , c property is situate.—Notices of these sales must be
"'"en in a public gazette SIXTY days previous to die day of
public
sale of personal property must be given in
ncr, FOitTT days previous to the day of sale. Also,
llc ina 'the debtors and creditors of an estate must be publish-
j,nure to - ^ ^ Ja^’s
d* t ' llat application will be made to tlie Court of Ordina-
• 'leave to sell land, must be published for FOUR MONTHS.
?l"t] business in the line of printing, will meet with prompt
uon at the Recorder Offjce.
LETTERS (on business) must be post-paid.
aGLEXHORPE UNIVERSITY.—The Agent of the
() Board having reported that the required sum has been
\v rilied to Oglethorpe University, therefore,
|U > ' ■ J That our Tre .surer be authorised to call in the |
♦j-j' ;:isti
ahneiii upon the subscription.
Bv order of the Committee,
S. ROCKWELL, Chairman,
p Sti'BBS, Sec’v. and Tieas.
NOTICE.—In accordance with the foregoing resolution of
Committee, l will call upon the subscribers for 20 per cent.
vtheir subscriptions.
1*25-41 tf
B. P. STUBBS. See'v. and Treas.
Oglethorpe University.
T HIS Institution was organized at the late meeting
of the Board of Trustees, !»v creating the officers of
,| faculty mid the courses of Lectures, and also appointing
uirt of the'Faculty, us follows :
‘ FACULTY.
,. c. P. Reman, President and Professor of Natural Philo-
18 ' ' sopliv and Chemistry. •
■■ i Nisbk.t. Esq., Vice President and Professor of Belles
Leitres and mental Philosophv.
5^ C. W. Howard, Chaplain and Professor of Moral Phi-
lusopliv and Evidences of Christianity-
, S. K. T*i.mage, Professor of Ancient Languages,
y jj Cii iTFuiui, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy.
W jet fillet..—Professor of Modern Languages.
.! Professor of Geology, Botanv nnd Mineralogy.
«• Mtccmi ef the Midway Seminary mid ex-officio
Member of the Faculty.
A competent number of Tutors.
Provision has also been made by the Board forthe delivery,
• ntnitmidv, of a course of lectures on each of the following
lulijnct-i, viz: Municipal, civil and international law, physio-
Wv and anatomy. . .
I’lie corner stone of the. University Building is to lie laid
,;h Miiitahlc solemnities, and an address by Col. J. H. T.urnp-
j,._ j, to lie delivered during the annual meeting and under
ttt'ilireciion of Hopewell Presbytery, which is to convene
a Milledgeville during the latter part of March, 1837.
V Aiim which, in the opinion of the Board, fully justifies
nem in Diking efficient measures, has already been subscri-
( | in tlie institution, and several agents have been .appoint-
J, ivfin are instructed to make prompt and energetic efforts
secure the complete endowment of the University. The
ierci*esof the institution are expected to commence early in
p vuftr 1838.
The action of the Board hashed restricted for the present
the measures above stated, by the want of suitable cuiuli-
Jcw to fill up the vacancies in the Faculty,as well as by the
It of adequate funds. It is their design to create a uiii-
<ity which shall be of the highest character—ait orna-
iinit and a blessing to the whole South. Their success in
iv attainment of this end will be wholly dependent upon the
iitrality of the Christian and Benevolent public.
By order of the Trustees.
B. P. STUBBS, Secretary.
Mr. Bcman will continue to conduct the Midway Seini-
mrv during the next year, assisted by Mr. Mead and uddi-
tmors, as they may be found necessary.
December fi 40 tf
O N. HAND—received by Buudry boats,
20 lilid St. Croix Sugar.
20 “ Porto Rico do.
10 “ N. O. do.
10,000 lbs. prime Green Coffee.
5,00 lbs. do Java do.
20 bbls. double refined Loaf Sugar.
15 bbls single do. do.
100 bbls. Canal and Howard Street Flour.
10 casks Rice.
50 bbls. No. 2 Mackerel.
50 bbls No. 3 do.
50 half bbls. No. 1 and 2 do.
100 bbls. Irish Potatoes.
100 bbls. Pnelp3 4c Barber’s Gin.
75 bbls. N. E. Rum.
50 bbls N. Whiskey.
10 bbls. Monongahala Whiskey.
3 pipes Cog Brandy.
5 do. Holland Gin.
20 half and quartercasks Wine—various kinds.
2 puncheons Jamaica Rum.
100 Dinijohns—assorted sizes.
200 kegs Nails and Brads—assorted.
50,000 lbs. Sweeds Iron do.
3,000 lbs. Plough Moulds.
1,000 lbs. Nail Rods.
1,500 lbs. Band Iron.
1,000 lbs. Hoop do.
1,500 lbs. German Steel.
1,000 lbs. English and American Blister do.
10,000 lbs. English Castings.
200 kegs pure White Lead.
500 gals. Linseed Oils.
20 hhds. Molasses.
5,000 bushels Salt.
40 boxes Sperm Candles.
30 do Tallow do.
100 do Window Glass, 8 x 10, and 10 X 12.
50 bags Shot.
1,000 lbs. Bar Lead, and
30 casks Plaster Paris.
And for sale by NICHOLS A DEMING.
Feb 7 3 tf
States which had so long been retarded in their
improvement, by the Indian tribes residing in
the midst of them, are at length relieved from
the evil: and this unhappy race—the original
dwellers in our land—are now placed in a sit
uation where we may well hope that they will
share in the blessings of civilization, and be
saved from that degradation and destruction to
which they were rapidly hastening while they
remained in the States; and While the safety
and comfort of our own citizens have been
greatly promoted by their removal, the philan
thropist will rejoice that the remnant of that
ill-fated race has been at length placed beyond
the reach of injury or oppression, and that the
paternal care of the General Government will
hereafter watch over them and protect them.
If we turn to our relations with foreign
{ powers, we find our condition equally gratify
ing. Actuated by the sincere desire to do jus
tice to every nation, and to preserv e the bles
sings of peace, our intercourse with them has
4
n*. 8—vol. mu.
this great republic: if all these recollections
and prfiofs of common interest, are not strong
enough to bind us together as one people, what
tie will hold united the new divisions of em
pire, when those bonds have been broken and
this Uqjon dissevered! The first line of se
paration would not last for a^single generation;
new fragments would be tori? off ; new lead
ers would spring dp; dud this great and glo
rious republic would soon be broken into a
multitude Of petty States, without commerce,
without credit; jealous of one another; armed
for mutual aggression; loaded with taxes to
pay armies and leaders; seeking aid against
each other from foreign powers: insulted and
trampled upon by the nations of Europe, un
til harrassed with conflicts, and humbled and
debased in spirit, they would be ready to sub
mit to the absolute dominion of any military
adventurer, and to surrender their liberty for
the sake of repose. It is impossible to look
on the consequences that would inevitably fol-
aonal and sectional advantages. Under ourj pressed with debts which they are to
free institutions, the citizens of every quar* j pay, and the temptation will become irresisti
ble to sup poll a high tariff, in order to obtain a
surplus for distribution. Do not allow your
3T of our country are capable of attaining
high degree of prosperity and happiness
without seeking to profit themselves at us ex*
ter of our
a
without seeking to profit themselves
pense of others; and, every such attempt must
in the end fail to succeed;- for the people in
every part of the United States are too cnlight-
ed not to understand their rights and interests,
and to detect and defeat every effort to gain
undue advantages over them; amMrhen* de
signs are discovered, it naturally provokes re
sentments which cannot always be easily al
layed. Justice, full and ample justice, to eve
selves, my fellow citizens, to he misled on tfa*
subject. The Federal Government cannot cel^
lect a surplus for such purposes, without vio
lating the principles of the constitution, and
assuming powers which havegjgt been grant
ed. It is, moreover, a system of injustice,
and, if persisted in, will inevitably lead tocor-
ruptiou, and must end in ruin. The surplus
revenue will be drawn from the pockets of the
people, from the farmer, the mechanic,jmd the
ry portion of the United States, .should be laboring classes of society; but who W’ih re
tire ruling principle of every freeman, and { ceivc it when distributed among the States,
T HE Subscribers, desirous of" closing their business, would
respectfully request all persons indebted to them, to call
and settle before the 25th of March, either by note or other
wise, as they will not give longer indulgence.
March 7—tf GEO. ROOT A SON.
DISSObt'TlOX,
T HE Copartnership heretofore existing under the firm of
Cook A Micki.ejohjj, in the Confoctiomuy Business, is
this day dissolved by mutual consent. The debts of the con
cern will be settled by T. M. Cook.
THOS. M. COOK,
ROBT. MICKLEJOHN.
March 1st, 1837.
[C/ 3 All persons indebted to the late firm ef Cook A Mtcx-
lejohn, by note or open account, are requested to make pay
ment to T. M. Cook, who is authorised to settle the business
of the concern. ROBT. MICKLEJOHN.
been conducted, on the part of this Govern- j low the des truction of this Government, and
meut, in the spirit of frankness, and I take j not feel indignant when we hear cold calcula-
pleasure in saying, that it has generally been j. tions about the value of the Union, and have so
met in a corresponding temper. Difficulties * constantly before us a line of conduct so well
of old standing have been surmounted by j calculated to weaken its ties,
friendly discussion, and the mutual desire to be There is two much at stake, to allow pride
just; and the claims of our citizens, which had ! or passion to influence your decision. Never
been long withheld, have at length been ac- J for a moment believe that the great body of
knowledged and adjusted, and satisfactory ar- j tlie citizens of any State or States, can deli-
rangements made for their final payment; and j berately intend to do wrong. They may, un-
with a limited, and, I trust, a temporary cx- der the influence of temporary excitement, or
NOTICE. ‘
The undersigned having purchased the entire interest of his
late partner, Robert Micklejohn, takes this method of inform
ing the public, that he will continue the business, at the old
stand, in liis own name, and on bis own account, and hopes, by
strict attention to business, to merit and receive tlie patronage
of his friends and a generous public.
THOS. M. COOK.
Milledgeville, March 1st, 1837. 7 3t*
N OTICE.—The subscribers to the Stock of the Ocmulgee
Bank, of the State of Georgia, are hereby notified, that
all the shares constituting the Capital Stock of said Bank, have
been subscribed for, and five per cent, thereon paid in. Also,
that an additional instalment of Twenty-five per cent, will be
required to be paid in, at tlie banking bouse of the Central
Rail Road and Banking Company, in this city, on the second
Monday in April next, between the hours of 10 o’clock, A. M.
and 1 o’clock, P. M., at which time and place an election for
.i /v* i* *1 ’ : :
SEVEN DIRECTORS, to manage the affairs of the institution, will
take place, agreeably to the terms of the charter.
Given under our hands, in the city oi Macon, this 27th day
I»ARTiVKRSIIII».
J ESSRS. JEREMIAH BEALL and BENJAMIN’ H.
REYNOLDS, bavins: purchased the entire interest of ]
Jifiinrs. Green II. Jordan and Nathan McGehee,in the store
fthe undersitjTied, the business will hereafter be conduct-
«,| under the firm of Shahan, Beall &. Reynolds.
JAS. H. SHAH AN.
Milledgeville, Dec. 30, 183(1. 56 rf
of February, 1837.
HENRY G. LAMAR, )
E. HAMILTON,
CHARLES DAY, f “
LEVI EClvLEY, J ?
Macon, February 28,1837.
Ill
CHAS. CAMPBELL,
WM. B. PARKER,
JAS. G. GODDARD,
j^OSSIAN GREGORY.
7 5ts
BOCK1VGLL & KMAN,
i TTORNEYS at Law—Milledgeville, Ga.—Having unit-
/V eil their professional interests, will attend to business en-
trusteil to them in the counties of the Ocmulgee Circuit—in the
{•minty of Hancock, of the Northern—Washington, of
I'iiiilij'le—Twiugs and Laurens of tlie Southern—and Housto:
Bibb and Monroe, of the Flint Circuits—Also in the Federal
Court.
Their Office is on the second floor of the Masonic Hall.
SAMUEL ROCKWELL,
July 22—28 tf M. J. KENAN.’
ke e
ral ^
BANK OF MILLEDGEVILLE,
January 6, 1837.
^VRDTLRED, that the Cashier of the Bank publish weekly,
i two of tlie Gazettes of this city, a list of the Stockhold-
of this Bank, noticing any change of Stock which may
take place, weekly.
In ibedience to the above order, the following is alist of tlie
Sto-tholders of this Bank:
Ktr Bonce,
4- J. ne.M
/or.ih Curler,
?■ V, DeLaunay,
'MiiLion Fort,
Grantland,
)S.Vr Grieve,
£ K. Hin re,
m A E. F. Uinee,
oTtf]
Holcombe, Peck, V co. Mary AT. Nisbet,
Henry P. Holcombe, Nichols V Hcming,
C. ft'. Howard,
Archclus Jarratt,
ff'm. U. Jarratt,
Jienj. S. Jordan,
Green H. Jordan,
Thomas Mouyhon,
Richard M. Orme,
Thomas Rae/land,
William Sanford,
Thomas B. Stubbs,
I. R. St. John !f Co.
Leroy M. Wiley.
THOMAS RAGLAND, Cashier.
LAW.
fORE undersigned lias settled in Macon, with the view of
practicing Law. He will attend the Courts of the adjoin-
; counties, and may be found by application at the office of
I Ibsrs. Poe 4c Nisbet for the present. His office, not quite
11impiote, is on the second floor of the new Commercial Bank.
In winding up my business in the Ocmulgee Circuit, 1 liave
I ’AiodatcJ with me Augustus Reese, Esq. of Madison.
I joint attention will be applied to that object.
Muon, Jan. 24—1 14t E. A. NISBE
Our
VUTICE.—The Copartnership formerly existing under the
- * tirmof S.4c P. JORDAN, is this day dissolved by mutu-
[OTICE.—
firm of
I it consent.
January 1st, 1837
S. F. JORDAN.
PIERPONT E. JORDAN.
Tie business will be continued by S. F. Jordan, wlio re
| :, >rns thanks to his Customers for tlieir liberal patronage, and
id! endeavor to merit a continuance ot the saute.
file Books and Accounts are in tlie hands ot is. F. Jordan,
I , ii"solicits a settlement as soon as conrenient.
Jan gt—t ;tt S. F. JORDAN.
NEW ROOMS.
TilE subscriber has received part, and is now receiving Ins
Fall and Winter Stock of DRY GOODS, among which
1IIS ! be found the following articles, viz:
Superfine lirmid Cloths, different colors—Cassimers, do;
Olilys. (
ih'ti embroid’d and fig'd Satins; Silks do.; a new article
f! ‘b! REPS, plain and fig’d; plain black Isabella do; Black
Filk, ti.’ d and plain, of the best quality, some forty inches
India and Sarsneti, do: Parisian and Hernanni GauseS;
Plain Satdn checked and fig’d Shallvs and Shallyetts, a new
article; the French Brocade, for the head—German and Eng-
j Merinos, and Merino era. de Nap’s.; J Circassian Jaconet
‘“J Cambrics of different qualities; plain fig’d dotted and
'wkddotted Swiss Muslins; Irish Linens, Sheetings 12-4,
i,1 * 0s and Diapers.
■’“perliue Linen, Cambricks, Pongee.
_ ladies embroid'd Linen Cambric Capes, and pocket Hand-
* ' p 's; Muslin Capes and Collars.
*r Capes, Boas and Ruffs; Down do.
finest kid Slippers, black and col’d, newest style;
Silver and Bronze do.; white and black Satin do; kid,
<U “oroeco. an d seal Village Walking SHOES; water proof
1 a new arti.de of French do; a general assortment of La-
-Misses and Children’s Shoes; Gentlemen and Boy’s do;
wt s tine Calfskin BOOTS; Opera and Navy do; Kid, Mo-
and PruneU e dancing PUMPS.
bHocKEtir, Hardware and Saddlery; of each, a good
Wsortuient. ■
jWuMERT and Stationary.
ruasels and Scotch Carpeting.
,/tADY MADE CLOTHING—A large and extensive as-
{ , rl:n ^nt, among which may be found—Gents. Cloth Cloaks,
Mohair and Mackinaw Over-Coals; Frock and Dressdo.;
“Wdooiwaud
amt n ’ Uoeom * and Collars; Merino and Cotton nett Shirts
Drawers; Flannel do. do.; STOCKS, a Rood assortment.
p 3 les Cloth, plain and fig’d Merino CLOAKS.
, ; e respectfully ask the attention of Planters to cx-
• "- * 1 * - bis assortment nf Shoes ootid. Blankets, as he has a
HE owner of LOT OF LAND No. 136, in the 15th dis
trict of Monroe, when drawn, now Upson county, can get
a fair price for it, in cash, by applying at the office of the South
ern Recorder. March 7th, 1837—7 3t
T
M IDWAY PROPERTY FOR SALE.—The subscriber
offers for sale his HOUSE and LOT at Midway. The
House is new, well constructed and handsomely situated, and
being within a very short distance of the college location, ren
ders it a very desirable place for those who have children to
educate. B. H. REYNOLDS.
February 21 5 tf
DOMESTIC.
FAREWELL ADDRESS OF
GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON.
L.r’ “ 1S assortment of Negro
5* Msortment of each, and will sell them at Augusta prices.
tVirn who vis ‘t Milledgeville for the purpose of buying
fri' P 11 and winter supply of Dry Goods, he would, with nij
tifm * an< * llle Public most respectfully invite them to etdl arul
uT 3 ; JAMES H. SHAHAN.
,5M«eville, October 11 39 tf
CITY LOTS FOR HALW.
b corporate authorities of the city of Milledgeville will
her Jr. r r J,°, r r m Thursday the 30th day of March, a nuin-
bon* f.
' M Y LOTS, among which are some beautiful situa-
reE idences.
Nation °f these lots in the vicinity of Oglethorpe Um-
autkr tv - ®“ a ble those desirous of educating their children,
a ^ .^ lr immediate control, of living in a healthy place and
ad^* °f good society, to obtain a residence embracing
For rarely to be met with.
l>e en j • , e c onvenience of purchasers, a number of lots have
l f.oitablc for small farms and garden lots. The
Marr' -N *i )er al, and made knowh on the day of sale.
Th 7> l® 37 7 2t
^,*^ Usla Constitutionalist, Athens Whig, Macon Mes-
P’e tb^'»u Vauoa ^ Republican, and Columbus Enquirer, will
- 4 * * * * * * ‘ >0ve two insertions, and send their accounts for pay-
A ®«leUs«rpe Vuivcrnty.
trusting of the Board of Trustees of Ogle-
University, will be held at the office of Messrs,
w kfaj-L 4 Kenan, in Milledgeville, on Thursday, the 23d
f| f ihetrt- 8119 o’clock, A. at which time the Corner-stone
i't'sirjr,- T e f. sit y wiU be laid, and an addrtssby CoL J. H.
lilt.?. , l ! T ered. B. P. STUBBS, Secretary-
March «, 1837 tf
TO THE TEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES:
Fellow-Citizens :—
Being about to retire finally from public life,
I beg leave to offer you my grateful thanks for
the many proofs of kiuduess and confidence
which I have received at your hands. It has
been my fortune, in the discharge of my pub
lic duties, civil and military, frequently to have
found myself in difficult and trying situations,
where prompt decision and energetic action
were necessary, and where the interest of the
country required that high responsibilities
should be fearlessly encountered, and it is with
the deepest emotions of gratitude that I ac
knowledge the continued and unbroken confi
dence with which you have sustained me in
every trial. My public life has been a long
one, and I cannot hope that it has, at all times,
been free from errors. But I have the conso
lation of knowing that, if mistakes have been
committed, they have not seriously injured the
country I have so anxiously endeavored to
serve; and, at the moment when I surrender
my last public trust, I leave this great people
prosperous and happy; in the lull enjoyment
of liberty and peace, and honored and res
pected by every nation in the wortd.
If my humble efforts have, in any degree,
contributed to preserve you these blessings, I
have been more than rewarded by the honor,
you have heaped upon me; and, above all, by
the o-enerous confidence with which you have
supported me in every peril, and with which
you have continued to animate and cheer my
path to the closing hour of my political life.
The time has now come, when advanced age
and a broken frame warn me to retire from
public concerns; hut the recollections of the
favors vou have bestowed upon me is engrav
ed upon my heart, and I have felt that I could
not part from your service without making this
public acknowedgment of the gratitude that
I owe vou. And if I use the occasion to offer
to you the counsels of age and experience, you
will I trust, receive them with the same indul
gent kindness which ybu have so often extend
ed to me; and will, at least, see in them an
earnest desire to perpetuate, in this favored
land, the blessings of liberty and equal laws.
We have now almost lived fifty years under
the constitution framed by the sages and patri
ots of the Revolution. The conflicts m which
the nations of Europe were engaged during a
oTeat part of this period; the spmt m which
they waged war against each other, and our
intimate commercial connexion with every
part of the civilized world, rendered it a time
of much difficulty for the Government of the
United States. We have had our seasons of
peace and of war, with all the evils which pre
cede or follow a state of hostility with power
ful nations. We encountered these trials with
Constitution yet in its infancy, and under
our
the disadvantages' which a new and untried
government must always feel when it is called
upon to put forth its whole strength, without
the lights of experience to guide it, or the
weight of precedents to justify its measures.
But we have passed triumphantly through all
Our Constitution is no lon-
these difficulties
ger a doubtful experiment
and, at the end of
nearly half a centuqr, we find that it haa pre-
.erved unimpaired the liberties of the people,
secured the right of property, and
UmnJ .nv
has improved and is flourishing beyond any
former example in the history of nations.
In our “cjce™sdmre tsewtry tbmg
»lXnoTog «u IW&SW*.
loT national’ prosperity. The
ception, our relations with every foreign pow
er are now of the most friendly character—
our commerce continually expanding, and our
flag respected in every quarter of the world.
These cheering and grateful prospects, and
those multiplied favors, we owe, under provi
dence, to the adoption of the Federal Consti
tution. It is no longer a question whether this
great country can remain happily united, and
flourish under our present form of govern
ment. Experience, the unering test of all hu
man undertakings, has shown the wisdom and
foresight of those who formed it; and proved,
that in the union of these States there is a sure
foundation for the brightest hopes of freedom,
and for the happiness of the people. At eve
ry hazard, and by every sacrifice, this Union
must be preserved.
The necessity of watching with jealous anx
iety for the preservation of the Union, was ear.
nestly pressed upon his fellow-citizens by the
father of his country, in his farewell address.
He has there told us, that “ while experience
shall not have demonstrated its practicability,
there will always be reason to distrust the pa
triotism of those who, in any quarter, may en
deavor to weaken its bonds ;” and lie has cau
tioned us in the strongest terms, against the
formation of parties, on geographical discrim
inations, as one of the means which might dis
turb our union, and to which designing men
would be likely to resort.
The lessons contained in this valuable lega
cy of Washington to his countrymen, should
he cherished in the heart of every citizen to
the latest generation; and perhaps, at no pe
riod of time could they be more usefully re
membered than at the present moment. For
when we look upon the scenes that are passing
around us, and dwell upon the pages of his
parting address, his paternal counsels would
seem to be not merely the offspring of wisdom
and foresight, but the voice of prophecy, fore
telling events and warning us of the evils to
come. Forty years have passed since this im
perishable document was given to his country
men. The Federal Constitution was then re
garded by him as an experiment, and he so
speaks of it in his address; but an experiment,
upon the success of which, tlie best hopes of
his country depend, and we all know that lie
was prepared to lay down liis life, if necessa
ry, to secure it a full and fair trial. The trial
has been made. It lias succeeded beyond the
proudest hopes of those who framed it. Every
quarter of this widely extended nation has felt
its blessings, and shared in the general pros
perity produced by its adoption. But amid
this general prosperty and splendid success,
the dangers, of which lie warned us, are becom
ing every day more evident, and the signs of
evil are sufficiently apparent to awaken the
deepest anxiety in the bosom of the patriot.
We behold systematic efforts publicly made to
sow the seeds of discord between different
parts of the United States, and to place party
division directly upon geographical distinc
tions; to excite the south against the north,
and the north against the south, and to force
into the controversy the most delicate and ex
citing topics—topics upon which it is impossi
ble that a large portion of the Union can ever
speak without strong emotion. Appeals too,
are constantly made to sectional interests, in
order to influence the election of Chief Magis
trate, as if it were desired that he should favor
a particular quarter of the country, instead of
fulfilling the duties of his station with impar
tial justice to all; and the possible dissolution
of the Union has at length become an ordina
ry and familiar subject of discussion. Has the
warning voice of Washington been forgotten 1
or has designs already been formed to sever
the Union 1 Let it not be supposed that I im
pute to all of those who have taken an active
part in these unwise and unprofitable discus
sions, a want of patriotism or of public virtue.
The honorable feeling of State pride, and lo
cal attachments, find a place in the bosoms of
the most enlightened and pure. But while
such men are conscious of their own integrity
and honesty of purpose, they ought never to
forget that the citizens of other States are
their political brethren; and that however mis
taken they may be in their views, the great bo
dy of them are equally honest and upright with
themselves. Mutual suspicions and reproach
es may in time create mutual hostility, and art
ful and designing men will always be found,
who are ready to foment these fatal divisions,
and to inflame the natural jealousies of different
sections of the country. The history of the
world is full of 'such examples, and especially
the history of republics.
What have you to gain by division and dis-
sention 1 Delude not yourselves with the be
lief that a breach once made may be afterwards
repaired. If the Union is once severed, the
line of separation will grow wider and wider,
and the controversies which are now debated
and settled in the halls of legislation, will then
be tried in fields of battle, and determined by
the sword. Neither should you deceive your
selves with the hope, that the first line of se
paration would be the permanent one, and that
nothing but harmony and concord would he
found in the new associations formed upon the
dissolution of this Union. Local interests
would still be found there, and unchastened
ambition. And if the recollection of common
dangers, in which the people of these United
States stood side by side against the common
foe; the memory of victories won by their
united valor; the prosperity and happiness
they have enjoyed undeir the present constitu
tion : the proud name they bear as citizens of
misguided opinions, commit mistakes; they
may be misled for a time, by the suggestions
of self-interest; hut in a community so enlight
ened and patriotic as the people of the United
States, argument will soon make them sensi
ble of their errors; and, when convinced, they
will he ready to repair them. If they have
no higher or better motives to govern them,
been those amongst us who wish to enlarge | be returned to those who paid it, and who have
the powers of the General Government; and 1 most need of it, and are honestly entitled to it,
experience would seem to indicate that there j There is but one safe rule, and "that is, to ccut
is a tendency on the part of the Government j fine the General Government rigidly within the
to overstep the boundaries marked out for it j sphere of its appropriate duties. It has no
by the Constitution. Its legitimate authority j power to raise a revenue, or impose taxes, ex-
is abundantly sufficient for all the purposes for j cept for the purposes enumerated in the consti-
which it was created; and its powers being f tution, and if its income is found to exceed
expressly enumerated, there can he no justi- j these wauts, it should be forthwith reduced*
ficatiou for claiming any thing beyond them, j and the hardens of the people so lar lighten*
Every attempt to exercise power beyond these j eJ.
limits should l>e promptly and firmly opposed.; In reviewing the conflicts which have take a
For one evil example w ill lead to other mea- j place between different interests in the United
sums still more mischievous; and if tlie prill- States, and the policy pursued since the adop-
ciple of constructive powers, or supposed ad- tion of our present form of Government, wtj
vantages, or temporary circumstances shall find nothing that has produced such deep-saat-
ever be permitted to justify the assumption of ed evil, as the course of legislation in relation*
a power not given by the constitution, the j to the currency. The constitution of the Uni-
General Government will before long absorb all j ted States unquestionably intended to securt*
the powers of legislation, and you will have in ef-1 to the people a circulating iBednun of gold and
feet but one consolidated Government. From { silver. But the establishment of a National
w the extent of our country, its diversified inter- j Bank by Congress, with the privilege of issu-
they will at least perceive that their own inte-! ests, different pursuits, and differenthabits, it is j ing paper money receivable in the payment of
rest requires them to he just to others, as they | too obvious for argument that a single eon- J the public duties, and tlie unfortunate course of
hope to receive justice at their hands. j solidated Government would be wholly inade-! Le gislation in the several Slates upon the same.
But, in order to maintain the Union unim- quate lo watch over and protect its interests ; ! subject drove from general circulation the can-
paired, it is absolutely necessary that the laws | and every friend of our free institutions should j stitutional currency, uud submitted one of pa-
passed by the constituted authorities should be he always prepared to maintain unimpaired j per in its place.
and in full vigor, the rights and sovereignty of j It was not easy for men engaged in the grji-
the States, and to confine tlie action of tho Ge-1 nary pursuits of business, whose attention had
neral Government strictly to the sphere of its [ not been particularly drawn to the subject, la
appropriate duties. j foresee all the consequences of a Currency ex-
Tbere is, perhaps, no one of tho powers j clusively of paper; and vve ought not, on that
conferred on the Federal Government so lia- j account, to be surprised at the facility wills
hie to abuse as tlie taxing power. '1 he most ’ which laws were obtaiued to cany into effect
productive and convenient sources of revenue, j tlie paper system. Honest, and even enlight-
w f ere necessarily given to it, that it might be 1 cued men, are sometimes misled by the sale
able to perform the important duties imposed ! cious and plausuble statements of the Jesign-
upon it; and the taxes which it lays upon com- j ing. But experience has now pruvedrile mis-
merce being cancelled from the real payer I chiefs and daugets of a paper currency, and.it
in the price of the article, they do not so rea- j rests with you to determine whether the proper 1
dily attract the attention of the people as smal- remedy shall Lo applied,
ler sums demanded from them directly by the
tax gatherer. But tho tax imposed on goods
enhances by so much tlie price of tlie commo
dity to tlie consumer; and, as many of these
duties are imposed on articles of necessity,
which are daily used by the great liody of the
people, the money raised by these imposts is
drawn from their pockets. Congress has no
right, under the Constitution, to take money
from the people, unless it is required to exc-
faithfully executed in every part of the country,
and that every good citizen should, at all times,
stand ready to put down, with the combined
force of the nation, every attempt at unlawful
resistance, under whatever pretext it may be
made, or whatever shape it may assume. Un
constitutional or oppressive laws may no doubt
he passed by Congress, either from erroneous
views, or tlie want of due consideration: if
they axe within the reach of judicial authority,
the remedy is easy and peaceful; and if, from
the character of the law’, it is an abuse of pow r -
er not within the control of the judiciary, then
free discussion and calm appeals to reason and
to the justice of the people, will not fail t > re
dress the wrong. But. until the law shall be
declared void by the courts, or repealed b.y
Congiess, no individual, or combination of in
dividuals, can he justified in forcibly resisting
its execution. It is impossible that any gov
ernment can continue to exist upon any other
principles. It would cease to he a govern
ment, and be unworthy of the name, if it had
not the power to enforce the execution of its
own laws within its own sphere of action.
It is true that cases may he imagined disclos
ing such a settled purpose of usurpation and
oppression, on the part of the Government, as
would justify an appeal to arms. These, how
ever, are extreme cases, which we have no rea
son to apprehend in a Government where the
power is in the hands of a patriotic people ;
and no citizen w’ho loves his countiy would, in
any case whatever, resort to forcible resistance,
unless he clearly saw’ that the time had come
when a freeman should prefer death to sub
mission ; for if such a struggle is once begun,
and the citizens of one section of the country
arrayed in arms against those of another, in
doubtful conflict, let the battle result as it may,
there will he an end of the Union, and with it,
an end to the hopes of freedom. The victory
of the injured would not secure to them the
blessings of liberty; it would avenge their
wrongs, hut they wyuld themselves share in
the common ruin.
But the Constitution cannot be maintained,
nor the Union preserved, in opposition to pub-
The paper system being founded on publio
confidence, and having of itself no intrinsio.
value, it is liable to gieat and sudden tuctuiv-
tions; thereby rendering property insecure*
arid the wages of tLe laborer unsteady and un
certain. The corporations which create the,
paper money cannot bo relied upon to keep
the circulating medium uniform in amount.--
In times of prosperity, when confidence is
high, they are tempted* by the prospect of
cute some one of the specified powers entrust- j gain, or by tlie influence of these who hope to.
ed to the Government: and if they raise more j profit by it, to extend tlieir issues of paper Le-
than is necessary for such purposes, it is an j vend the hounds of discretion and the reason-
abuse of the power of taxation, and unjust j able demands of business. And when thesu
and oppressive. It may, indeed, happen that issues have been pushed on, from day to day,
the revenue will sometimes exceed the amount t until public confidence is at length shaken*
anticipated when the taxes were laid. When, j then a re-action takes place find thev immedi-
lic feeling, by the mere coercive powers con
fided to the General Government. The found
ations must he laid in the affections of the peo
ple ; in the security it gives to life, liberty,
character and property in every quarter of the
country; and in llie fraternal attachment which
the citizens of the several States hear to one
another, as members of one political family, mu-
lually contributing to promote the happiness
of each other. Hence the citizens of every
State should studiously avoid every tiling cal
culated to wound the sensibility or offend the
just pride of the people of the other States;
and they should frown upon any proceedings
within their own borders likely to disturb the
tranquillity of their political brethren in other
portions of the Union. In a country so exten
sive as the United States, and with pursuits
so varied, the internal regulations of the seve
ral States must frequently differ from one ano
ther in important particulars ; and this differ
ence is unavoidably increased by the varying
principles upon which the American colonies
were originally planted; principles w’hich
had taken deep root in their social relations
before the Revolution, and therefore influen
cing their policy since they became free and
independent States. But each State has the
unquestionable right to regulate its own inter
nal concerns according to its own pleasure ;
and while it does not interfere withtherights of
tlje people of other States, or the rights of the
Union, every State must be the sole judge
of the measures proper to secure the safety of
its citizens, and promote their happiness; and
all the efforts on the part of the people of other
States to cast odium upon their institutions,
and all measures calculated to disturb their
rights of property, or to put in jeopardy their
peace and internal tranquillity, are in direct
opposition to the spirit in which the Union
was formed, and must endanger its safety.—
Motives of philanthropy may be assigned for
this unwarrantable interference; and w r eak men
may persuade themselves for a moment that they
are laboring in the cause of humanity, and as
serting the rights of the human race; but eve
ry one, upon sober reflection, will see that
nothing but mischief can come from these im
proper assaults upon the feelings and rights
of others. Rest assured, that the men found
busy in this work of discord are not worthy of
your confidence, and deserv e your strongest
reprobation.
In the legislation of Congress, also, and in
every measure of the General Government,
justee to every portion of the United States
should be faithfully observed. No free Go
vernment can stand without virtue in the peo
ple, and a lofty spirit of patriotism; and if
the sordid feelings of mere selfishness shall
usurp the place which ought to. be filled by
public spirit, the legislation of Congress will
soon be converted into a scramble for per-
however, this is ascertained, it is easy to ic-
duce them : and in such a case, it is unques
tionably the duty of the Government to reduce
them, for no circumstances c?.n justify it in as
suming a power not given to it by the Constitu
tion, nor in taking away the money of the peo
ple, when it is not needed for the legitimate
w'ants of the Government.
Plain as these'principles appear to he, you
will yet find that there is a constant effort to
induce the General Government to go beyond
the limit of its taxing power, and to impose
unnecessary burdens upon the people. Ma
ny powerful interests are continually at work,
to produce hcav y duties on commerce, and to
swell the revenue beyond the real necessities
of the public service; and the country has al
ready felt the injurious effects of their com
bined influences. They succeeded in obtain
ing a tariff'of duties bearing most oppressive
ly on the agricultural and laboring classes of
society, and producing a revenue that could
not he fully employed within tlie range of the
powers conferred upon Congress ; and in order
to fasten upon the people this unjust and une
qual system of taxation, extravagant schemes
of internal improvement w’erc got up, in va
rious quarters, to squander the money, and
to purchase support. Thus, one unconstitu
tional measure was intended to be upheld by
another, and the abuse of the power of tax
ation was to he maintained by usurping tho
power of expending the money in internal
improvements. You cannot have forgotten the
severe and doubtful struggle through which we
ately withdraw the credits,they have given*
suddenly curtail tlieir issues, and pnxiuce
unexpected and ruinous contraction of the cir
culating medium, which is felt by the whole,
community. The hanks, by this means, save
themselves, and the mischievous consequences;
of their imprudence and cupidity are visited,
upon the public. Nor does the evil stop here.
These ebbs and flows in the currency, and thest*
indiscreet extensions of ciedit, naturally engen
der a spirit of speculation injurious to the hab
its nnd character of the people. We have al
ready seen its effects in the wild-spirit of spe
culation in the public lands, and vavious kind*-
of stock, which, within tlie last year or two*
seized upon such a multitude of our citizens*
and threatened to pervade all classes of socie
ty, and to withdraw their attention from the so
ber pursuits of honest industry. It is not by
encouraging this spirit that we shall best pre
serve public virtue and promote the true inter
ests of our country. But if your currency
continues as exclusively paper as it now is, it
will foster this eager de.-iro to amass wealth
without labor, it will multiply the number off
dependents on hank accommodations and bank
favors; the temptation to obtain money at any
sacrifice will become stronger and stronger*
and inevitably lead to corruption, which wifi
find its way into your public councils, and de
stroy, at no distant day, the purity of your Go
vernment. .‘Some of the evils which arise from
this system of paper, press v. ith peculiar hard
ship on the class of society least able to bear
it. A portion of this currency frequently bc-
passed, when the Executive Department of j conies depreciated and worthless, and all of it
the Government, by its veto, endeavored to j is easily counterfeited, in such a manner as to
arrest this prodigal scheme of in justice, ami to j require pec uliar skill and much experience to
bring back the legislation of Congress to the j distinguish the counterfeit from the gonuino-
boundaries prescribed by the Constitution.— j note. These frauds are most gener ally perpe-
The good sense and practical judgment of the j trated in the smaller notes, which are ased hi
people, when the subject was brought before j the daily transactions of ordinary bnsinese;
them, sustained the course of the Executive ; j and the losses occasioned by them are com-
and this plan of unconstitutional expenditure j monly thrown upon the laboring class of socic-
for the purposes of corrupt influences is, I trust, ! tr, whose situation and pursuits put k out off
finally overthrown.. . j tlieir power to guard themselves from these
The result of this decision has been felt in i impositions, and whose daily wages are neees-
the rapid extinguishment of the public debt, j sary for their subsistence. It is the duty of
and the large accumulation of a surplus in the I every Government so to regulate its currency
treasury, notwithstanding the tariff was reduc-j as to protect this numerous class, os far as
ed, and is now very far below the amount ori- [ practicable, from the impositions of avarice
ginally contemplated by its advocates. But,; and fraud. It is more especially the duty of
rely upon it, the design to collect an extrava-f the United .States, where the Government is
gant revenue, and burden you with taxes be- ; emphatically the Government of the people*
yond the economical wants of the Government, j and where this respectable portion ef ourciti-
is not yet abandoned. The various interests j zens tuc so proudly distinguished from the
which have combined together to impose a j laboring classes of "other nations, by their in-»
heavy tariff, and to produce an overflowing i dependent spirit, their lo\e of liberty, their in
treasury, are too strong, and have too much at i telligenre, and their high tone of moral char-
stake to surrender the contest. The corpora- j acter. Their industry, in peace, is the source
tions and wealthy individuals who are engaged j of our u callh, ami their bravery, iff war, has
in large manufacturing establishments, desire a ; covered us with glory ; and the Government
high tariff to increase their gains. Designing i of the United States would bnt ill dkclvrr^e
politicians will support it, to conciliate their f its duties if it leaves them a prey to such dis
favor, and to obtain the means of profuse ex-j honest impositions. Yet it is "evident that
penditure, for the purpose of purchasing influ- their interests cannot be effectually protected*
ence in other quarters; and since the people
have decided that the Federal Government can
not be permitted to employ its income in in
ternal improvements, efforts will be made to
unless silver and gold are restored to circula
tion.
These views alone of the paper eurreney*
are sufficient t© call for immediate reforms, but
seduce and mislead the citizens of the several) there is another consideration which should
States, by bolding out to them the deceitful
prospect of benefits to be derived from a sur
plus revenue collected by theGeneral Govern
ment, and actually divided among the States.
And if, encouraged by these fallacious hopes,
the States should disregard the principles of
economy which ought to characterize every
still more strongly press it upon your atten
tion.
Recent events have proved that the paper
money system of this country maybe used as
an engine to undermine your free institutions;
of and that those who desire to engross all pow
er in the bands of the few, and to govern by
or fofee, are aware of its rower,
prepared to employ it. Your basis now
yeur enly circulating medium.
op-