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of <ru3tarcta. I, of course jumped up too,
fiiebreae 1, as may well be supposed, almost to
death, au 1 attempted to explain matters; but
scarcely ball opened nay mouth for the pur-
p>ie, when l was iloored by a tremendous
bl >.v fr > u the woun led limb, directly in my
fizc. No sooner had the avenger knocked me
down, thin he unsheathed a huge, glittering
Bo vie knife, and advanced to annihilate me al
together. Words cannot portray the horror
of my cm tfionj. I had seen the.feilbw carve
a pig a few moments before, and had my
self admired his dexterity in the proceed-
ing ;
'fhe company, however, interfered between
the Mississippian and my destruction, My
friends made known the imperfection of my
vision, and the man of the far west
became
satisfied. I was borne to bed, neatly sense
less, and have not yet recovered from the ef
fects iif that advent ure, although my pnysician
33 one of the most learned and extent in the
city. He i; an Englishman; and when I rela
ted to him the occurrence, he shook his head-
saving.
“ Terrible chaps those fellows from- Missis
sippi; orrible being;! Wonder hedid’nt cut
your ’ei od, haltogether!”
rotl TH* SOOTHERS RSCORDE*.
THE ROT IN COTTON.
La*t year I planted two crops of cotton, one near Wat-
kiiHvillc, and the other oa the Oconee near Athens, tbotwo
places being five or six miles a part -the crop at W atkins-
ville rotted so little that it may be said to have had no rat.
while the crop on the Oconee rotted worse than any cotton
1 saw last vear, or any other year. Being a country Doc
tor it was during the year an every day occurrence to have
at mv house planters, who came to obtain mcuicai advice;
I made it my business to select the most experienced and
successful of them, many owners and overseers of planta
tions, and carry them to see my crop, relate the difference,
and request their opinion of the cause: great many rea
sons were given, a few only will be noticed, which appear
the most probable, after which I will add ray reasons for
believing all of them wrong. One experienced planter,
who began poor and triade a fortune bv his skill in raising
cotton, and whose opinion was entitled to great confidence, at jf 0 ‘ n the iwel ve there wm not a’sound ’howh " l thin no-'
v r> ~.
' *> .A
fore. I have <fipped thedTbserery thing t could think of
that insects would prfbably" abhor, such as arsenic, corro
sive sublimate, <&*->-1. h*vi> put on them mercurial oint
ment ; I have, spread adhesive plaster on cloth so thafcno
insect could pa^ through it, then made little bags and-tipd
them roai&jxfe bowfef Sul of which, hhd no effect in pre
venting rot. js some instances, where bowls did not rot
that were experimented on, other bowls treated in the same
way, would all rot. From a great variety of experiments
tried and repeated on bowls of different sizes, and under
every different circumstance, I am confident I neither caus
ed or prevented the rot. Repeated experiments prove that
the rot cannot be caused by insects, reason proves it also.
We may walk into a cotton field and find one stalk of cot
ton with nearly every bowl rotted, while t’uj stalk next to
it'shall not have a rotted bowl, although the howls of these
-two stalks shall be interlocked, or perhaps one row of cot
ton votted very much, while the joining row shall be rotted
none. I saw Mr. Conuerly pull up twelve joining stalks,
assured me, the cause, to him was verv plain: free post oak
1 ind. said he, is the land far cotton, whiie strong rod river
land will rot. He advised me to plant all my cotton on
tho post oak land, and raise my provisions on the river—
this had long been his opinion, ai.d now he was certain of
it. Another planter appeared pleased with this positive
proof of the opinion he had long entertained; here, said
he, your land is ail first and second year ground, while, on
the river it is older land; new land, it it escapes the TiVt.
will l.e certain to make a good crop, as it will not rot. He
was still more certain from the fact, in the second year
xrnund he found a little rot, but in the new ground he cou,d
find none; next year he was detenhiniHi to plant ail ills
new ground-in cottonl
Another planter conceived he could give me the undoubt
ed reason of this great difference: he had long since known
ticed three stalks, every bowl of which was sound, the next
stalks were rotted very bad. Who can believe insects would
be thus choice which bowls to destroy, and which to lei
alone? and this is a constant occurrence in jibe worst rot
ted fields. We may every now and then find stalks with
not a rotted bowl, and where there is very little rot
we may find stalks with not a sound bowl. Some places
in a field or plantation, is often rotted very much, while
others have very little or none. These facts, and many
more thAt might be named, must prove that we must look
for some other cause for rot than insects. But to make
certainty more certain, it next remained to try if the rot
could be produced by iiyjiries done to the bowls. To de
termine this, I have taken-a number of stalk* as they came,
and passed needles, pins, &c.., into them and through them.
A great many of *hese trials nave not cleared up some
! doubtful points. Some stalks of Cotton we find more dis-
ra oh tic Hisrox e ilantixs.
EXTRACT
Fro~i a 4’h of July Oraiion, delivered at TinkcrvzRe.
“ Ge.vtlmex—Waau I look upon the ris
ing gloriei of lliu favored country—when i
see the spires of her Churches, and the grate
ful industiy of her native boyn inhabitants, I am
8Wallywed up in a continual stream of adora-
ti >ti to the great giver of meat in due season.
When 1 take a prospective view of the he-
roe-i of the Revolution—men who went forth
with their knapsacks on their fe »rles3 backs,
their bright swords firmly fixed in their echo
ing scabbard i, their primitive dress arranged j : “' ,a
more for comfort and convenience than for no ' ‘
display, the prayers of the poor and needy that
call aloud for succour, and when taken into
con iideration with the present blessed freedom
waieh we enjoy, the glorious institutions which i
have d
j think violence done to the bowls will make them rot, fur
on such s'.alks I found so many of the bowls that I had
[ that shallow ploughing was best for cotton, the river piant-
j ation was ad iisted deep with two horse ploughs, wui-e i posed to rot than others; on such stalks I am disposed to
| here it was only Scratched. This was, in liis opinion
| cient cause to explain the difference.
! A r -al practical planter advised me, with this proof c j* r ‘j p,,|-f or;i te(] t or otherwise injured,.yotf^d, taut a doubt was
! tain of the ill consequences of horizontal ploughing, to lav | j e f t whether these injuries ' had not caused them to rot;
tai.de; see. said bo, on the river plantation all the- ground J i QUt aJ mail y other howls-on These stalks which were not
.1 ploughed horizontal, which, by retaining moistvrr®,. has ! j,,j lnV( l were also rotted, and a few which were injured not
•otted all the cotton, while the other crop, bv being plough- j rotto ^ < f j li3 poillf rema i, H doubtful. But on staiks that are
healthv, on which there are no rotted bowls, I arfi positive
prevented rot.
ended do.vn to us their children, I j I know not how
cd straight, lots off the rain, and the cotton dines not rot.
Another plauter inquired when the two crops were plant- |
ed; when told, on the river I began 1st of April, at homo |
llith of April, he felt fully sttisfied this was the whole j
cause. He insisted it would be best if no cotton was;
planted until May ; he had lost several crops, until he found
out that late cotton was least subject to rot. I
Another o-iinioa m«, that on the river, cotton had been
planted, more*or .i‘«, for years while here, as no cotton j
lanteu, the i:ise<*t wliicli i»ro-luccil the rot had .|
nri the crop therefore escaped.
An excellent planter took great interest, examined both ;
crops; fie was more satisfied than ever of his opinion : j
cotton should a.wav* be planted in wide rows 1 on tue river i
the cotton w as three foot xpart. in lVatkinsvilie four feet : j
wide cotton, ha thought, the air and sun acted upon, u:ui |
vdiffei
theories were advanced
entitled their
no injuries of this kind will produce rot. I have passed
needle# through them and left threads passing clear through
them, perforated them with needle* and pins, and bpuised
them in various ways; numerous trials Convinces me, that
external injuries have no effect in producing rot, if the staik
is sound and healthy. Mr. Davis, who had no rot hi his
cotton last vear, tried these experiments with similar re
sults-. Whoever will try experiments will. I thiuk, satisfy
himself that insects do not cause cotton to rot.. Thg best
hope of getting rid of so great an evil, is to search qrif-the
true cause or causes, and by avoiding them, prevent or di
minish its violence. It is, I believe, as much a disease of
the plant as the yellow fever is of the human family; it
has its proximate, its predisposing, and its exciting c3Uies.
We must ascertain all the causes we can, and if we cannot
i prevent them all, and cure the disease by preventing some
j of them, we may diminish the effect of others, and in part,
cure it.
The proximate cause of the rot, is not very material; it
I is altogether the effect of oilier causes : by preventing them,
; we wifi prevent the proximate cause also. But it must de-
j pend upon a want of proportion between action and pow
er—-Hunter would say from an increase of action, and di
minution of power. It is a gangrene or mortification of
the howl. 1 During the long wet spells, when the plant is in
-fall (l).VU up >1> nv; knees, an l pray that the j h' planters whose experience and succor.* entitled their
*r:T» which wrought this great deliverance 1^. hy . a „ enit!wdtnthe mnrt coaKdw.ce, and each!
T3 ay never lack for bread, but may receive from | on ,, f) r t ’; je;n advncafd bv the most numerous supporters, j
their oratcful country that consideration that j Now. in searching into the cause or causes of an evil of a j
distinguishes every magnanimous child of free- i doubtful character, some light may be thrown upon it by j
, ° , " rn. • • i „ .1 . • a *certa!ainr what wen* not tne cause o.- causes, hi'h ami j
d >:T1 till 3 liberty. ^llis IS a day that IS lull Ox j ever y OIle n f above tr.enries are tlie sivjrgedtions of ex- i _
gi »ry to every American. r i Ms w a day SO , n-ri-nced and successful planters—every one appeared fill- i a'rapidgrowth,"or in dry" weather alter a shower,'when the
S iZVdl til 111 every m in is almost afraid to breathe, ; *V satirsfird he had the true cause of rot, v> iulc a | pi an ^ taivcs a. quick growth, wc have most r for then the
far fear of disturbin' 1 '" tile repose of his serious ! c ' ,r “ tlli a j"l general collection of tacts womd prove every ; act i on t00 great for the power. Let us notice the si-
. jjt -I fn (V, T.-Vi^n ' advanced to oe contradicted wun tacts, ana entire- j m i; ar ; tv - between a mortification and the rot, and we will
contemplation*. As I said to my Ulte when ; lv wron?; aa d.although I will attempt to shew the fallacy | fiad the resemblance so great, that if Hunter’s system of
oi these thgbries bv^oniy a few facts, yet, in every ms-ance, i jjjortification, all of which I believe, is. correct, this is the
many mors .facts o-i a similar kind coutd tie brought for-. re al or proximate cause of rot. When a limb mortifies, if it
war 'L • is amputated the mortification will attack the stump; so if
The op'nion of the thin post oak land here being more ; a cotton bowl is rottingif we cut out all the rotted part, the
suited to cotton than tae stronger red iand on the river is j bowl will rot in another place. But when the niortiiica-
iucorrect, for Mr.s Nuanallv's plantation, of the same qua!- | tion stops, then the limb may be amputated with safety:
iiv, and not two miles from me, rotted very bail ind- ed, ) so it is with the rot; we frequently find the bowl rot to
while mine rotted none ; Mr. Davis made the best cotton 1 j some extent, and stop rotting; then cut out all the rotted
saw lust year, he had no rot, his plantation is on the river, j parr, md it wili still open and make some cotton. No-
tiis land is stronger and roder than mine, which rotted so j matter how ran id mortification may be progressing, so soon
bad. It cannot be altogether, therefore, the quality of tue as the limb is amputated, mortification ceases in the ant-
la:, d which causes the rot. I putated part: so with the r it—cut a rotting bowl so as to
The opinion of tiie new land no* rotting, must be an er- j take off ail that is rotting, and it ceases to rot so soon as
ror, for on both of my. places I hud some new and sonic old j it is removed from the rest of the bowl. A mortifiation
lai.d in cotton—on the river the newest iand was decidedly j ceases so sown as the person dies. No matter how rapid or
tii? most rotted. i how many bowls may be rotting, pluck off one bowl, and
Of the effect of deep ploughing I was somewhat uncer- j the rot ceases in that bowl; or pull up or cut otfi the
tain; it appeared to be supported by so many tacts by the j stalk, and the rot ceases in all the bowls on it- fTlie
experience of the person who gave the opinion, I therefore 1 rot is a complete gangrene or mortification of the cotton
took same trouble to examine many crops; many facts, j bowls.
however, proved it incorrect. On my own piacc. one fact j when a cotton bovP ] bcgirl; , to rot it 9])OWS a « pot w i,j c } l
proved it to be wholly- incorrect.^ In some of mv tie,d# the ^ looks bruised or watery; sometimes it progres.-es with a
rows were listed every six feet with large tvs olimse ploughs, ; dr y rot . a . 0 .) lel - times, much foam and water runs from
the intermediate rows ploughed riiailow.no difference was , ,j ie p;ir - L We would lie induced to suppose from a slight
observed in the row* again, the field I plougned deepest | examination that the iniuiy was external; but cut into ma-
was least rotted. _ _ j ny bowds and examine carefully, and we will always find the
I could have placed some con,.donee in the opinion, that : < ]', S e a < ; e begins in the bowl and passes out; cut open many
horizontal ploughing caused rot, as my cotton was the on- . ap p ar , nt ]v sound bowls, and we will often find the disease
, . . | «y cotton I know that was ploughed horizontal, and it rot- | piws ; n7 0 '„ t> although it has not shown itself on flic out-
t;10 V trii)il8 people that had conie 0\er the j ted worse than any cotton 1 saw, lnrt the field I ploughed j The cure of the rot is certain——cut off the bowl,
Viroafi and tempestuous ocean to take away our deepest and took the most pains to have exactly horizontal, j rut of T or pTI i| up tlic sta ii <i and the rot ceases immediato-
was rotted least, and in places, noneat all. ^ ( j v . b ut as the remedy is little 1 letter than the disease, we
Tw o facts fuliv contradicted the opinion, that the early !
I g >t up this morning, “ Susan” says l r “ this
li a day tlaat all oui ancestry must be taught
to ramjmber. It was on this day that the he
roes of the Revolution poured down from the
Grampian hills, destroying the flocks and
herds of the enemy. Therefore, Susan,” said
I, “ we will this day kill the pig and invite the
neighbors in. Yes, the pig.shall be stuck be
fore I ray breakfast—1 will offer him on
the altar of my ttnmtvy’s glory!”
Gentlemen, was I not right? I felt convinc
ed that I wa> in the right, and what she says
I never dispute. It was on this proud and au
gust day that the valiant men of antiquity fought
far their country. The blood of martyrs was
poured put like water manuring the iields of
Jlennington and Bunker Hill. The great La-
i ivette ied on his hospitable band o-f French
heroes to slaughter the English, who ran be- j
fore him like chaff scattered by a rain storm ! |
The brave General Set tt, General Cambridge
and the undaunted General Hull followed in
the van, thirsting like tigers for the blood of
liberties, to establish a regular system of an
archy on the shore which echoed to the song
of the pilgrim fathers—the land which Colum
bia ? discovered in the year 1492. It is well
known that the English are all cowards.—
They ran before our armies continually.—
Washington chased them all over Long Island,
8.1! through New Jersey—and at last penned
them up in Ncw-York city, where he captur
ed Cornwallis, and hung Major Andre on the
spot. This Major Andre was the man who first
invented spy-glasses.
Have you read the history of our country ?
Do you know the glorious and warlike deeds
which she has accomplished ? It you have
not, it is high time that you knew something
about it! Read the histories which has been j
handed down to us—the accounts of the Re-1
volution, and the tir.it settling ot this vast vvil- j
derne
an<l lit? planting caused the greater or less quantity oi’ rot;
Mrs. NunnSulv’a crop, which rotted so bad, was planted la
ter titan mine, which rotted so little, while Mrs. Davis’
beautiful cotton that rotted none, was planted in March,
fnm) one to two weeks earlier than mine which rotted so
bud.
Of the effects which frequent planting would have in
breeding insects to cause rot, more will be said, but the
fact is contradicted by the experience of every practical
planter.
Whether planting thick or thin really has any effect in
causing ti>e rot, much observation has left in doubt on my
must lo- ik for the predisposingaml exciting causes, and bv
preventing them, put a stop to the operation ot the prox
imate cause.
Of the pre-disposing cause. The proximate cause, ob
serve, only exists with the disease, or is the disease itself;
it occurs when there is a pre-disposition acted upon by ex
citing causes; all exciting causes would be harmless, were
there not an already formed pre-disposition; there must
be a pro-disposing cause, acted upon by one or more ex
citing causes, to produce the proximate cause, or the dis
ease: the pre-Jisposing cause is, therefore, the root of the
whole: well, what is it that has continued so long to do
so much injury to cotton planters, and as yet eludes re
id. All other years that I have noticed, I believe the search, and defies all remedies 1—we must find it out be-
thiuest cotton rotted least, while this year was an exception;
the rankest and thickest cotton I had, rotted least—I ex
amined many crops and constantly found verv rank, thick
fore any good can he done. It is, I believe, a diseased or
niorbbl condition of the seed, produced from the cotton
well as the seed being thrown together in large qnapri-
ferent from former years ; but although I am confident cot
ton does not rot from being too thick, still it may be an ex
citing cause and help to increase the evil.
These, I sav, and many more, were the theories of the
most noted cotton planters. Facts contradicted them ail,
still the
‘5.-3 land, when the proud Indian ranged j and showed conclusively that every one was wrong; still the
sole lord of the forest, when the v oice ob.-™ti.>n S of age and experience should receive attention;
, mar " ’ . . .. although not one suggested the constant asid specific cause
atone
of the white man was not heard in all our
borders, and the" savage scalped women and
children at his pleasure! Lite books that I
Would recommend are those which tre^t of j p rcdl -p OS ;jj on was less; and so, indeed, it would appear
tne Pilgrim fathers, who first wrote the decla- I that they were aii intended, foi when the inquiry wouid be
ration of independence, and sealed it with
their heart's blood ! An account of these things
maybe fo■ md in a book called the Pil grim’s Pro
gress, and in Fox’s Rook of Martyrs.
Now I turn from these spirit-stirring denun
ciations to address you, ye vulnerable old men,
who sit on the bench under the pulpit. You
have come down to us from another age and
generation,
is no guile.
cotton least rotted. Last year appears to have been dif- ties, the hulk being so large that tire seed becomes heated
or diseased, not so much as to prevent vegetation but to
produce an unhealthy plant. Every experienced cotton
planter v ho will reflect on this subject, can bring up ma
ny facts to prove this to he the correct theory, nevertheless
some fact* will be given that have come under my own
observation. A number of years ago, a g.mtieman pass
ed by Mrs. Nuunally’s plantation, and stopped for a drink
of water; he said in some distant county (I do not know
where),that he had seen a field of such beautiful cotton
that he got down and picked a lock of it; he' jgave it to
them ; it had six seed in it; they were carefully saved and
planted from year to year, and it was wholly without rot;
it was beautiful cotton, and.so much resembled the Petit
Gulf cotton that I must think it was the same cotton; 1
got a load of it and planted it; the first year it rotted none;
next year much worse than my other cotton. From this
reason, the first year as it did not rot, 1 made a large
quantity; it was thrown in a heap by itself, ginned tip, and
the seed thrown in a large bulk by themselves; they heat
ed, and when planted the seed they produced rotted worse
than any cotton I had. Mrs. Nunnally continued to plant
th°m without any rot. She had a large scaffold, and care
fully sunned the cotton as well as the seed; but year be
fore last, they planted the whole crop of them: the bulk of
cotton and seed was so large, tiiat usual rare couid not he
ot rot, yet, no count, most or all of them were correct to
a certain extent. *, experience had proven that when the pre
disposition to rot existed, ail these might be exciting causes
to increase it, while they might prove harmless when the
n T
mane, why this or that cause increased or diminished the
rot, it would always prove that they had in view the effect
tli3t they wouid have iD increasing or diminishing the in
sects which almost all planters appear to believe the great
and constant cause qf this great evil. The constant and
popular opinion of the day appears then to be, that an un
known insect injures the cotton bowl, and causes rot; but
the numbers of these insects may be increased or diminished
by circumstances. When the predisposing cause is entire
ly unknown, and no idea cam be formed of the extent to
Ye are patriarchs in whom there ! which it may prevail, experience goes very slow in finding
* a Ti-l-inn oil rbn<n ' outexffiting causes; Tor where, in one instance, we have no- 1 taken of them, and they produced the worst rotted cotton
1 OU U Gre 1 " Den 811 U1 ^T j ticed an excitingcafisc that has done great injure because ip the neighborhood,
tiling3 were done, and you know that -. speak ttle predisposition was- strong, ill the next instance, that I Some years ago I went to Mr. John Puryer’s plantation;
tllC truth. You are a few remaining heroes same exciting cause is harmless, because the predispositibn
Of the Revolution, who-have left your plough- is weak. Thus it is wiln cotton; the predisposing cause of
, i ^ i. 4.* u * ~ rot id unknown, or coniebture; experience has discovered
dnrej and your pruning hooks to be present ; ,“Lv bm ii.tie o.- U V. piutii,.!.:,, us e iu,s been
OH tlli.3 august occasion. k_Ome Ot you haiOj made off them. In consequence of tiic unknown extent to,
come forty-two"milet to hear me this day, to j which the predisposition may.prevail, the rot has fpr many
• • ■» ^ * _ 1 ^ . . -T. *_ ... 1_. ... ... 1-,^.-...-
his cotton was rotting very had, all but about an acre of
Mexican cotton—this had no rot; this was the first Mex
ican. cotton planted in this county ; I got some of the.seed-
awl planted them ; this cotton imd no rot; we planted this
cotton, and it still -had no rot; I thought I had got clear of
the pest*of rot; hut when we began to plant it largely and
hlrr-’om and brlnre forth under the eloquence years done great injury w the i hiton planters, a::d we know J throw'-the seed in large bulks, it rotted as bad as other
" 3 - now little more-K< twin.diminish if than wher.it began. I he 1 cotton, and was abandoned. 1 believe that it is possible
opinion that rot is ijaused-by insects, is, I believe, wiiolly i irith higii culture and manure to produce if we had no
an error, aud j* the 'inost umortunnto opinion tiiat couid j rot 5000 pounds of seed cotton to 'the acre. An acre
ve been forjjjeti-r-to believe tiiat insects produces rot, at in liil
which one of your countrymen i3 appointed to
re a eat! Did L possess the classic eloquence
of Gene ral Jackson or Martin Van Buren—
had I the oratorical powers of Decatur-*—were
1 as learned as the schoolmaster and as pious
as the worthy pastor of this village, I could
not find emotions to express the words that
swell in my bosom! Vulnerq^le men! Some
of you are old enough to be Hij-grTVvdfather.
I see it in your gray locks, yo^sbald heads,
the wrinkles that are on your* cheeks, ay cl
your toothless jaws. Some of you laid down
your lives on Bunker’s mountain top! O-
thers of you died of various distempers,
while others were hung for plundering tbp in
habitants, and for desertion. But a' grateful
country grants you a pension. You af*e ob-
je- ts of charity, it is true. You are suppoit-
edby your country. But I regard you in a ve
rv different light, from common street beggars.
Yes, I have the independenco to declare, fear
lessly, that though you are pensioners and live
on alms, yet I can see a difference between
that and street begging. 1 do not regard you
in the light erf "Common vagabonds, and never
did! It is, therefore, to you, valiant heroes
of the Revolution, that wc look for protection
in the hour of dangfer! On .you depends the
future glory of ou£ ; $Juntjfy, and the prospe
rity of her, time-honored institutions. Heze I
close declaring that a* long as the veins cir-
culattj in my j»odyas long as the Bunker
11^1 monuteent icoptkmes to rise, and to as
cend like an eaglec, I yvill stick to the doctrines
of patriotism wlncKT have this day avowed!”
have been larjjscti-^-to believe tirat iuiects proauees
oiice makes the evil reiaedyiess, ami we must quietly con
sent to an evii sq great, because there is ih►.-prospect of get
ting-clear of it:: jjati tflis unhappy conjecture never have
breu furinerl, and bad the rot have been thought to L-e a
disease, and tiie Tart* that experience couid collect have
been arranged, wc would long since Have got rid, if not
altogether," in part," ot this evil. The opinion that insects
•causes rot, appears to-be strgem-ral, that i wiH relate some
factsagd experiments to contradict it.
. “I -remained a long tinm perfectly still in my cotton field;
I couid see very small flies light and remain oa the cottvn
nils three feet square, would have near 5000 hills,. «*pe
stalk to the hill; a stalk of cotton, on land as rich it can be
made, wili make 100 bowls or one pound, w hich would
he nearly 5000 pounds to the tp*re. To try this, I had one
stalk of cotton highly manured and" thinned to this dis
tance ; it grew very large; II directed a careful woman
every Saturday to pick all the open cotton on it, and keep
it in a bag, but before it Was half done opening, it acci
dently got destroyed, and was forgotten;—next year whiie
planting, the woman reminded me that w hat cotton riie
laid saved was stiil in a bag in the house; it was sent for,
and as l could not gin it, cotton, seed and all was planted
bowk; the smallest motion and zhey were gone. 1 couid ! Very few seed came up, but- the few stalks it made had
Expo*t« o^Butish hardware and cotle
*y.—To aU parts d£ thri.World, <£1,833,042; of
uot see what they were .doing, nor. Couid 1 catch one of
thcnl,. 1 took a namber of bowls and examined them with'
a very power fid microscope. 1 could see o%The bowl a,
;rreat many small white eggs, so small tirat T could not see
them with my naked eye, or common- magnifying'glass. I
held them to- my mouth, and let the warm breath come,
upon them—I eoulff see nothing of them ; hut upon ex
amining with the Microscope, J cofild see many little white
worms mith. yellow heads; they quickly passed into die
bowl, and apparently wilhso., much easc. that they must
have passed- in the pores' qfuhe bdwL This appeared tb
confirm the-oplniou, jthat ihsecta eauseJroi. It would ap-
pear probable lhai the fly perfiarmA'd tjjie bowl and caused
the bruised looking-spot, lodgedl-yil* eggs, these hatched
into little worrqj, and thoy went into the substance of the
bowl and continued tui injure ifc. Many qf these bowls
were marued, some-rotted, and some did not. I saw the
eggs on soundsas Well as rotted bowls; I could not see-lhat
they done any. injury, nor could- I discover, by the most
careful examination, what became of tfie little worms af
ter they went into the bowl. 1 also found as many of these
worms and eggs « n the crop of cotton that rotted none, as
the crop that nearly all rotted.
To know certaiji whether insects did produce the rot,
I have tried a great number of experiments, which, to me,
were convincing. The smell of camphor is deadly to most
insects; a butterfly, for instance, passed over a lump of
camphor, dies immediately. 1 have from time to time put
lumps of camphor around cotton stalks; I have diped the
cotton bowls in a" strong tincture of camphor, as well as a
stroag infusioapf it in hot water, but no eflfect in prevent
ing rot was produced. 1 have painted the bowls over with
several coats of painf/diped them in oil, And then given
tfwm'A •oveKtir.bf cowal varnish, but they rotted as be
nd rot, while the whole field rotted very much. I can
conceive of no other cause but its being in small quantity.
A gentleman of my acquaintance on his way from Augus
ta, as lie passed a field of cotton, picked a bowl or so,
picked out the seed, and gave them txr his friend by the
way of a quiz, saying it was a very valuable kind of seed
he had obtained in Augusta; he carefully saved them, and
for some years prized them very high, as they had no rot;
-but when he began to save these seed in quantity, they rot
ted as his other cotton. With these facts in view, let us
now see if a statement of circumstances as they occurred,
will not fully explain why one of my crops rotted so ve
ry bad, the ocher little or none. A friend of mine who
plants very largely, a few years ago, ginned out bis cotton,
and threw the seed together in so large a bulk that at plant
ing, his sofed were found ail black from overheating, and un
fit for planting; be got from ine seed to plant his erdp; last
year he moved his hands to another place, and therefore
ginned out his cotton as soon as he could; hearing I -was
in want of seed, he told me I could have from his place
as many as I wanted. I got my #eod, therefore, from the
large bulk that perhaps 70 bales of eotton produced, they
were put in a room, and then planted; they came up well,"
butgjo sooner was it up, than it began to die, and I thought
none would be left; for seed that has been heated will'
come up, but is no sooner up than it dies. This is the
cotton that I say rotted more than I have ever seen cotton
rot, and l believe the cause to have been the heated state
of the seed. To confirm this, two other facts may be stat
ed: On the same place I planted some Petit Gulf seed;
they rotted very little. Again—the year before, I planted
only one small field in cotton; it rotted so much that little'
attention was given to it. I never had it picked till after
the seed thrown In the back part of the room, the other
seed being on it. The last field of cotton was therefore
mostly planted from this seed, and it turned out as might
be expected, in places it was rotted as bad as any, while
in other places it had little or no rot, as the seed hap
pened to be mixi'd. Of my other crop, which rotted
none, I procured these seed from my brother; he is al
ways very particular to sun his cotton well. Ibe seed
were brought home directly after ginning ; they were put
in a carriage house, the two doors of which when open laid
open the whole end of the house, the house being so situ
ated, that the sun came fully into it when the doors were
open. As this house was a great place for my children
to play in, the seed were exposed to the suu every day and
frequently moved about by them. Thu cotton- had no
rot: how else shall w e explain it but by the fact that they
were never in a large bulk, and had tue sun on them ese-
ry day.
Many singular facts in the growth of cotton, if these opin
ions be correct, may be satisfactorily explained. Why are
large eotton planters more subject to loss by rot than those
who plant in the small way l—Because small planters do
not have the seed heated by large bulks. \\ by in all fields
do we find some stalks very much rotted, while others are
rotted little or none ?—Because those seed which were
in the interior of the heap were-heated, while those over the
surface were not; some cotton was picked wet, some dry,
Sec. Why is any kind of new and scarce cotton for awhile
clear of rot ?—Because the seed are not heated by being
in large bulks: the Retit Gulf cotton from this cause
is less subject as yet to rot, but will alter a while, rot as
bad as other cotton,-
Of the exciting causes we have many. Every planter
can furnish exciting causes of rut; I shall only mention
two,—wet .weather, and working cotton when the ground
is wet. Now, although'ws cannot control the seasons, yet
bv preventing the predisposition, the exciting cause would
do little injury or be harmless.
Wc have made considerable progress towards the remo
val of an evil, when we have come to a knowledge of its
true cause or causes. If these suggestions a* to the causes
of the rot in cotton be correct, they will lead on to such
plans as may diminish or prevent it.
Of the proximate cause, or the disease after it has occur
red. We have a remedy, as far as it goes, certain in its
effect: cutting off the stalks, or pulling them up, puts an
immediate stop to the rot. 1 have more than once when
-the rot was very bad, had the rankest spots pulled, up and
iaid in heaps along the rows; the rot wouid then stop,
and when ali the bowls were open, a saving crop might
still be picked out. But there is an intermediate stage,
when ail the exciting and pre-disposing causes have alrea
dy had their full effect, and when nothing can be effected
bv way of prevention, and ;he rot is already raging with
violence ; when there is not a sufficient number of bowls
arrived to maturity to make pulling up the stalks prolita-
.ble, if wore practicable ; while at the same time tune the
.bowls are observed to rot as soon as they approach maturi
ty. . In this stage we are not altogether without remedy.—
In T“5*21 I had a small field of tresh land, with which I
had taken great pains; it was beautiful cotton; the rot
made a start in it, and progressed with great violence; it
did look like it would all rot; it was the wet rot, and
the foam run from-the bowl* in quantity; now it was cer
tain that pulling up the stalks would stop the rot, yet* as
the bowls were mostly not grown, it would also min my
cotton. I wanted a remedy which would check the ac
tion, without destroying the vitality of the stalk,—a reme
dy which would approximate towards killing without abso
lutely killing the staik. A corn stalk sends out a circle of
crown or horizontal roots, for every ear or shoot it bears ;
cut. off these crown roots as they appear, and although the
stalk will continue to grow, yet it will produce little or no
corn,—from which it would appear that the more perpendic
ular roots, supplied the stalk, while the more horizontal root*
supplied the ear with nourishment... Why might not cotton
be the same ?—the deep top root mainly nourishes the stalk,
while the great number of more horizontal roots which
come out at. the stalk begins to bowl, arc mainly useful to
support tlie bowls. If this reasoning were correct, what
ever would destroy or break off these roots, would diminish
the action, and might check the advances ot rot. Hogs
are very fond of rooting about the stalks ot cotton and eat
ing theje roots; with this view.-a large flock ol hors wa*
turned into my field ; I hardly think one stalk escaped them;
they rooted round and destroyed all these horizontal roots ;
the stalk only, as it were, being kept up by the main top root;
the effect was astonishing;- the rot soon stopped, and 1
made on this small field, the best crop 1 have ever made before
or since. I could mention a number of facts in proof of
this. I state it is as a fact, that hogs in sufficient num
bers will stop or check the rot. 1 have heard it suggest
ed. and I am disposed to believe if a small plough was run
deep verv close to the cotton, both ways, so as to break the
roots all around, it would check the rot.
It would require a total absence of all exciting causes of
rot, to be safe, while a predisposition existed; a hope of
success will therefore mainly depend upon diminishing or
removing tho predisposing cause. Many persons believe
that the rot very much d'pendi upon the condition of tne
seed, and many attempts have been made to prevent it, by
giving their attention to the seed; most of these attempts,
according to mv views, have been exactly such as 1 would
hav« tried if I wished to increase the quantity of rot.—
When wheat lias been cat and remained a considerable
time in the field, then perhaps hauied home, stacked, and
remained a considerable time in stacks before it is thrash
ed out, then cleaned and well dried in the sun, with ail
this precaution,-if it is ihen put together in a stout bulk, it
will heat or go through a sweat and spoil. If Indian corn
be rath-'red too early, although i j all appearance it may be
dry and cured, yet put it in a large bulx, and it will heat
and spoil. What should we expect of cotton: a prevail
ing opinion is, that the early open, first picking will ma.e
best seed; this cotton is picked while wet with dew, of
ten in damp weather, and thrown together inquantitv early
in the season, wlien the weather is warm : uotning would
apjH-ar more certain than that these seed would heat and
be injured. To prevent this, scaflblds are made, and tne
cotton sunned perhaps a day or less. This is doing less
than nothing—it is this much useless trouble: the seed of
cotton surrounded first by a bad covering, then by the tine
lint attached to tlie seed, then by the cotton, if scattered
thin and sunned every day for a month, they wouid not be
cured sufficiently not to heat when thrown in a targe bulk
in warm weather. But we arc generally in somucti hurry
to get our cotton to market, that the cotlou is ginned up, and
this early seed thrown in heaps and saved fin seed; in this
state they are much more iiabic to heat, than if left without
ginning. A bulk of five hundred or a tnousaad busheis ol cot
ton seed, makes so clear a heap that it is air, water and sun
proof, it must and will go through a siceal and heat We
could not take a better plan to cause the seed to heat
than to take our first picking, sun it a day or so, and then
gin it, putting the seed in bulk wlijie the weather is yet
warm. Seed thus managed will often heat so much, tuat
they will not vegetate at all; but if r.of stvfar heated as to
be killed, they will produce diseased plants.predisposed to
rot; so tiiat I say tlie attempt to improve tlie seed by sav
ing the most early seed, is exactly calculated to produce
rot—-not only so, but the cotton tout opens later, wiieneare
is taken to pick it only in dry weather,..and have it sunned
lor several days, when put in large heaps will still go
through a sweat and heat-to the injury of the seed. Any
person who will thiuk for himself on this matter, and take
the trouble to examine the temperature of large heaps of
cotton as well as seed,'with his senses to .judge of its neat
and moisture, also with a thermometer, will become satished
that it. is impossible, m the large way, to lave early picked
cotton seed, without their Leing injured by heating. It’the
heating of cotton seed is the predisposing cause of rot,
and they are so liable to heat, how are we'lo manage to get
clear of rot ? I suggest this plan, which I believe is tne piau
which will succeed: select a part, of the crop purposely
for seed, let this cotton remain without picking until a kil
ling frost, then when the weather is cooi, pick tlie cotton
in dry weather, expose it to the sun and air every day until
it is ginned, then sun and air these seed several days until
obey are dry, now keep them thinly spread in a large room,
opening the doors and windows when tlie weather is fair,
frequently stirring them and sunning them until planting
time. Meed thus managed I believe, will produce cotton
that will not rot—it may be thought a troublesome and
losing plan, hut it stiouid be noticed that as \se at present
plant cotton, it requires a great quantity of seed; a consid
erable part of tliem are so heated they never vegetate,
a still greater part vegetates, but so soon as they are out ot
tlie ground sicken and die; and although great quantities
of seed are put in the ground, it i£ difficult to save a stand
of cotton. With seed wlpch arc perfectly good, a busiici
per acre would be an ample suffic.ency; to save this much
seed carefully, wouid not be very troublesome. 1 am not
more positive ttiat 1 live, tnau 1 am that ttus is the true pre
disposing cause of rot, and tiiat 1 suggest a plan that will
succeed in preventing it—this opinion has been formed
from careful observation, and many experiments. I win
attempt to give this opinion further proof by analogy: corn,
like cotton, is liable to rot—fortuliately the causes of rot iu
corn are well known, and we can, with certainty, prevent
it tout were the cause unkuown, we would probably be as
much troubled by rot in corn as we are by rot in cotton.—
Three things, it is well known, will cause corn'to rot;
when com is gathered early, and put in quantity^ jt will
heat and have us coibur injured: this heated corn will ve
getate, but the corn it produces will rot very much, also,
corn ploughed when the ground is very wet rots: again,
corn planted several years o|i the same ground witnoat
changing the crop will rot. Suppose we weij^ito gatuer
our coru as soon as it was hard, put it in a close crib that it*
drought tho eotton very much escaped the rot. flit:
ing together of rain and rot was so common, that *11
noticed must have observed it. The predisposition to
being nearly alike, the effect of this great exciting cause way
very obvious, but -when there was less predisposition in 1 the
seed, although the exciting cause was the same, yet its ef
fect was obvious. I could give a groat many facts in prehf
of this, a tew only will be named : My crop on the river
I observed was planted with seed with strong predisposi
tion to rot, it rained more there than anv where in the
nrighlwrliood, and my cotton, rotted more than anv I saw:
Mr. Davis, below me, is a careful planter, and his seed
were in a better condition—i was frequently there during
the crop season; I often regretted,his fate, his plantation
was so dry’ that it looked like he would make nothing; he
however had late rains, and he made the best crop of cot
ton I saw; he had no rot. But one of my fields where
thexot was so very bad, was piautedmostly with seed pick
ed after frost, and which was .uavfer in a bulk—this part of
fhe field had no rot. My crop here was planted with seed
that were picked late, never in a bulk, and chnstafitly ex
posed to suu and air: in this cotton I had no-rut, -it was al
so very dry, while Mrs. Nunneliv, two miles from me, sav
ed their seed in".a close house and large bulk—they often
had showers which did not reach oie, and the cotton there-
rotted very bad. I say, not only does repeated rains great
ly excite rot, but working the ground while it is wet adds
greatly to the evil. On mv place when it was raining eve
ry day, I often found fault with my overseer for stopping the
ploughs, and several times had them started, but as the
ground wa3 laid off horizontal and held the water, I had to
stop them until the ground could dry; these rows that
were ploughed when the water would run alter the ploughs,
could be distinguished by the rot being worse in them. I went
to Mr. Ligon's plantation, and lie had very little rot—his
overseer showed me a spot of perhapsa half acre, which was
rotted very much-: this ground was rather Lard, and he had
it ploughed when very wet. I noticed many fticts in fur
ther proof of this. Large eotton planters of wet seasons are
forced to work some of their crop, when, the ground is
wet, and us ploughing over again, as sooji a* the ground is
drv.eonsiderably counteracts its bad effects, an excellent
mode of cultivating cotton is to run-only one furrow on each
side of the cotton rows, in perhaps a week after, running
a deep large furrow in the middles ; this makes one lull
ploughing have nearly as good an effect as two ploughings,
and whenever the first ploughing was donejn wet weather,
being careful to run the middre furrotv in>dry weather, fills
up the furrows, and covers the caked ground with dry earth,
and thereby counteracts its bad effects. If these views are
correct, we would have large quantities of cotton seed to
spare. Perhaps an inquiry as to the best U3C to make of
them may not be misplaced. Asffood, they have an injuri
ous effect; an opinion prevails that the fine lint on the
seed produces the had effect, and throwing them in mud,
Sec., have been tried to prevent it; this is incorrect. W e
see a hog does not eat any of it: they chew up the seed,
and swallow only the nourishing part; but they will die
from eating them—the fact i* they are of a rich oily nature,
and have an in jurious effect on the stomach of ali animals
that eat them—as food, they do more harm than good.—
The plan of making oil of them will uever answer in a
cotton making country ; any person practically acquainted
with making oii, will know that it must be a losing busi
ness—they are more valuable as a manure as they arc now
used, than to be made into oil; but according to the present
plan of using them as a manure, fully one half of their val
ue is lost by their being rotted before they are put in the
ground; if they are put in the ground unrolled, they sprout
and lose stiil more oi' their value. Who ever will take the
trouble to crush a pint of seed, will find they will manure a
corn hill more, than a quart of rotted stlcd ; also, rotted
seed manures only one year, and crushed will act as a ma
nure for several years. If cotton seed were passed through
n oilers and crushed so that they would not vegetate, it wouid
e the most valuable mode of using tliem; but as this wouid
require machinery, the next best mode of using them (and
of this I speak practically) is this: a plantation wnicti
makes fifty bales of cotton would have one thousa .d busheis
of seed to spare.:, furrows should be ran, and the seed
deeply buried, at the rate of one hundred bushels per
acre, for of all plans of manuring I thiuk best, of thinly
scattering manure. This land would the first year produce
five barrel; more to the acre than it would without ma
nure: next year one third less, and next year one third less,
after which not much affect would be produced. This in
crease of produce is without additional labor or expense,
and is clear profit. Rotted seed as a manure should be
valued at thirty cents a bushel; this is more than they arc
worth for oil, food, or any other use that can be made of
them. If this seems an over calculation, I will relate au j
experiment: I manured one acre of this laud with one hun- {
dred busheis of seed, and drilled with wheat, and it pro
duced forty-five bushels clear wheat—next v^uir it ma<^e
eight barrels of corn; tlie acre at thesideof’it, By rough mea
surement, made four bushels of wheat, and less than three
bushels of corn, so that the seed in two years made about
sixty cents per bushel.
ROBERT R. HARDEN.
^ - »
s gtf* Mng like candor and rfmpHdty in glyfa,r opinion, on
who. I public questions. 1 w fi**t
o tot ■
Abolition is also a very knotty subject. Addre. •
myself to the religious voters of the North, I am cWi” n T
opinion that the General Government has the right anff **
thorny to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia-V 0 *
looking with the other eye ot the state of wr friend"■'
the South, 1 am not sure but that if Congres* were t* *
tempt it, it would be a gross violation of the cor-stin,!"
ft might and it might not—but until public opinion ^'
developed itself more fully, I think our Southern
ought to be satisfied with the riots at New-York PfrUri
phia, and elsewhere, by which the propei tv of the Lit
were destroyed, their lives put in jeopardy,* and their^
porters outraged, by the awful energies and whr>w£
practices of the Democratic party. If it i s necessary 01 *
give further satisfaction to our friends at the South bef **
the next election, \v* shall let off' a few more riots at T
North. During the ascendency of the Democratic ' '
wc have always a liberal stock on hand, ar.d can f,
ply any demand. * SB I W
On the subject of the United States Bank, there"
difficulty. My predecessor has destroyed that ari<i, -*
institution, and thus cleared away the rubbish for the
tipn of a new bank, organized on Democratic rin '' *
entirely, and avoiding all the aristocratic tendencies 1 ^ 1 ? 1 ' *
the former had. It is not time yet to l>egin to hatch
*gg of a hew bank—but in * year or two, 1 will rived''
tions to the organs of Democracy, to call for a new I -
States Bank, of fifty millions Capital. All our fri. 1"'^
New York, who are fond of “ the fiscal patronage ( l"
Government,” and ‘‘revere” our late chief, are in fry
it—and ready to come out when the bell rings, like 311°^^
flunkies. 1 think a great Bank at New-York nj-d
er at New-Orleans, wouid answer our nun* arwl) '
well. P ur I*»e vejy
I always have been, and always will be. nproj..d
principle of banking—but 1 have a!wavs been f t . ( °
to the practice. It is only in this way that v- i-
up the ascendency of the democratic party. Bank'
ail kinds—paper money of every fi.nn, is nncomfiJ.fri'f
and uniust in nrincinle—hut in nrnotico ► ‘ nra l
-out in practice it can be made
POLITICAL.
mu plot
was wet, we would escape weir if one half did not rot.
Wherever cotton is largely'cultivated, it is ti* be feared
Srith every precaution tbc seed will b^- slightly heated,,
and a slight predisposition to rot produced: it would require
therefore a total abseuce of exciting cause to-' totally pre
vent rot. It may therefore be expected that we will al
ways have a little rot, mauy of the exciting causes be
ing beyond our control; but as it would require strong ex
citing causes to produce much rot when there is little pre
disposition. and when there were weak exciting causes, the
predisposition being weak, we would nearly, it not entirely
escape. Taking ali possible precaution, would render what
exciting cause we could not control comparatively harm
less. The strongest exciting cause is the continuance of
wet weather. Last year the rains were uncommonly par
tial—many plantations and neighborhoods were deluged
with repeated ruins, while other places almost in sight
were suffering for want of rain; not less partial was the
raip than the rot—wherever the plantation or neighborhood
frost.whea all "the cotton was open ;.t&» was ginned, and ) wu» very wet, jfee rot was ver^bad^audwhere^uo|j*f^^(
from THK NATIONAL INNFI.LIGFNCER.
The New-York papers received yesterday, teem with
accounts, derived from their Washington correspondent*,
of a reported misunderstanding between the President ol
the United States and the Secretary of State, and of so un
pleasant a nature, it i* stated, as to have induced the Se
cretary abruptly to tender to the President the resignation
of his office. As we have reason to believe that the
main fact of these statements is not without foundation,
and as there is no reason why we should keep our readers
in the dark on such an affair, now become notorious, we
transler to our paper, for their curiosity, such of the parti
culars in regard to the rupture as appear to possess the most
probability.
FROM THE N. T. COURIER A ENQUIRER.
Washington, Friday, March 10.
“John Forsyth, the Secretary of State, sent in yester
day, his resignation, in a note addressed with the ucour-
toous superscription, “ Mr. Van Buren, President of the
United Slates. ' A copy of this, together with an address
from Mr. Forsyth to the citizens of Georgia, was sent to
the Globe, and would have appeared this morning, had it
not been mispressed, the evening before by consent of par
ties. W’hat concessions were made by Van Buren to For
syth, or how the storm was quieted, I am unable to sav ;
but the facts a* I relate them to you, are substantially cor
rect.”
FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.
Washington, Friday, March 10.
“ It was yesterday, amidst gloomy clouds and an inces
sant rain, that Me. Forsyth was seen, wrapt in his mantle,
walking without umbrella, and seemingly unconscious of
the pelting* of the rain; his countenance evinced a per
turbed spirit, and clearly showed that darker passions were
brooding within than the clouds without. The moment I
saw the man, I said something was the matter, * * *
and I immediately set my little Ariel at work to divine the
cause. This trusty spirit was not long at work before be
discovered it; and what, think you 7 why. that Mr. Se
cretary had addressed a letter to the citjzcns of Georgia, to
be published in this morning’s Globe, together with a note
superciliously addressed, “ Sir. Van-Buren,. President of
the United States, ’ announcing his resignation for reasons
therein set torth. * * * How this matter was healed,
I cannot tell.
FROM THE JOURNAL Or COMMERCE.
Washington, March 10.
“ There is trouble already in the Cabinet! Mr. Forsyth,
yesterday, resigned his office as Secretary of State, and, at
the same time, addressed a letter to tliw people of Georgia,
purporting to explain his reasons for this step, and sent it
to the Globe for publication. By some means or other,
the breach was patched over, for the present, and the re
signation and the letter withdrawn.
“ I understand that the ostensible reason given by Mr.
Forsyth, in the letter, for hi* resignation, was, that he had
understood it to be Mr. Van Bnren’s declared policy to
have no individual in his Cabinet who aspired to the Pre
sidency ! * . * * There are probably other grounds
for Mr. Forsyth’s discontent; for it has long been known,
that,- as a member of General Jackson’s Cabinet, his re
lations towards his colleagues were not of the most cordial
-haracter".”
“ Mr. Van Buren, I have no doubt; will show himself
“ every inch" a President. He will not'be ridden over bv
his Cabinet, nor tormented by their jealousies and dissec
tions, as was Mr. Monroe.”
and unjust in principle-
very useful and convenient instrument for keepiV >1 IP
ty together, and for carrying the elections. GoCl !
ver undoubtedly are the only constitutional curreucvlk’
a regular democratic currency is a different thin-* '
our late venerable President took me inro his coun*.!^'
principle of banking has been veryVom-rtly and pn ’ ’ ,
put down and repudiated, and especially in theY^’V
the U. S. Bank; but fortunately for 'the cotmtrTjl
practice lias increased, from an aggregate hank • .
in 1330, of 150 millions, to 500 millions, in 1837 Ca ^ 1Il ' ! ’
I trust we shall continue this course of opp^
banking in principle, Lut in favour of it j„ .
It is the only constitutional or democratic rourse
1 have been v?ry anxious oi' late to fluff oct t jj
democratic principle on the subject of the public lander
have, not yet succeeded, but I trust 1 shall verv soon
licularly alter a few elections shall have been derided j,
the western states. In my own state, New-York 1
blest at an early day with a knowledge of the true pro*
ble of democracy on public- lands, village lots, water pfi-,
leges, and all such valuable things. Bei'ore’the ranaW
New-York were laid out, our friend* purchased all the b, lf
village sites throughout the lines, at cheap prices. I ffiv
self laid in a good stock of lots and water power prixiiC
ges, in the town of Oswego. Other lots 1 look for fro,
then coming to me by my practice. A* the democratic
party had the ascendency in the legislature, wr give a den
ocratic direction to the laws creating and laving out tfr
canals. The lines run through our lots, and in a fl-wx oit
their value rose, some 100 some, 5200, some 500 per’ f<w
over the original cost.
But this was not all. My democratic Safety Fund Back
system was then Invented, and each of those villages re
qnired a democratic bank with which to transact its bu«-
ness. By this means the value of property lots, ever
thing, has risen greatly in Ncw-York. The state has be
come rich, and the democratic party has become compW
ly organized and permanent.
Now I think tlie same operation may he performed a
the western states. Mai y of our friends have been forE-
ing companies, purchasing lands, and laying in a stork of
towns, cities, and villages. In a short time, when they
shall have laid in a full supply it will he time a dispose uf
the rest of the public lands to squatters, or to return thri*
as you please. 1 shall Le guided by Congress.' Thedm-
cratic party having the first choice, the aristocrats ny
take the remainder. This however, I shall leave to iuc
future wisdom.
This is a great commercial age—I am from a greatcom-
mercial state. It is also an age of civilization and rri.ar-
ment. The grpa^ principle of modern times is tiiat over
thing is worth money—and every thing can be bought
for it* value. What is called corruption is, merely nrtis
in a state of commercial distribution. New-York hsu tt-
taiiied her great wealth, power and population by link*
and selling every thing—goods, merchandize, flour, banks,
men, women, politicians, virtue, vice, and particularlye'c*
species of patriotism. Formerly mt n ai d Lafiutsww
bayoneted into civilization and refinement—now tliev s.-*
bought and purchased into all the elegancies of life, and xl
the purest principles of democracy. The foundation
my reign was laid by rhf iron energies of mv prrdrrf5!i l
I mean to add the Corinthian capital to the Republic, m.1
rub the democratic party into decent manners and rcspruj
able behaviour. Every man nas his price—ever* state nl
he bought—and I never saw a woman that had not son:*|
thing handsome about her person, cither her foot, her bu-tl
her looks, her air, or something. What Rome was u/ulel
Augustus Jifcsar, I mean to make the United States imdrl
my sway. I shall polish and civilize the demorratif prj
tv—the reign of the kitchen is at an end.—I-ow life is ie;
utter abomination. I know from long t-xjicricnce whit |
is, and therefore despise it from my heart. 1 shall as«-T,-1
bie about me. ail the ingenious, literary, elegant, and edu
cated rnen and women in the Union. Flour is up in price-
money is up—coal is up—I am up—why should not every
thing else rise also?
M ith these observations I think you will be at no 1pj« <•
understand my views and principles on public policy. Tho
democratic party has now the asccndenc* in this country-
let us take care to keep the power in our ow n hands at ag I
sacrifice. “Our sufferings at length, is not intolerable. 1 I
MARTIN VAN HUMBUG.
New-York, March If
A crash in Wall Street, and such a crash a»* f |
have not had for years before. A bank was broken, aX
what is thy worst of nil, one of the best hanks in thee.''
but how broken, ask you 7 Broken in the middle, L'rw'
at the top, broken at the bottom, broken every where; ht*" |
ly one stone rests upon another. Wall street, since car -
the morning, has been crowded bv an immense nmltitud-*
persons looking upon the ruins. ’The first crash wash* 1
about one o’clock this morning 1 at which time the rain»-*
tailing in torrents. Appearances yesterday gave sour'
dicatioas ot tae bank failure. There were three dut-t I
crashes, eacli succeeding one louder than the other, k
tunately, no one was nearer the building at the tinier! T !
fall tnanthe opposite side of the street. If the acciu'S
had occurred during the day, instead of occurring tt
there must have been a great loss of life. The eoncts**
was so great that the crash appeared like an
quake, and was heard for more than half a mile in the d -'" I
tance.
T he fault may be attributed to the season of the years'-
the novel structure of the building. The style soenis - f I
altogether new, trie floors having been sustained by src ^ I
without abutments, the arches resting npou the waii>.
pressing them outwards. The loss is not less than |
and probabiy will exceed $100,0U0. The remnants ot ■
building are being taken down, and a new building
mediately go up.
Last night, there was another fall in Fulton street 1 I
part of a new building, or rather a o< ptinuationot ihe lv " J
yesterday.
A SPANISH CONTRABANDIST
FROM THE N. T. HERALD, MARCH 7.
ORIGINAL INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
Gentlemen of the/Senate, -4
, and House of Representatives—
Having l>een called' by the powerful voice ttf the Demo
cratic party* and in pursuance of 4* old and venerated’'
usages, to preside <*ver the United States, for the term of
tour years ensuing, salary $25,000 a yeqr, I cinnot meet
you, gentlemen, without making a full and frank disclos
ure of those principles which have alwars guided me
through Hie; from the first period I trundled a wherl-bar-
row to market with caBbage,' in Kiqderhook, till I
... . , . - , , . - qm tinndlhig tlie six and twenty callages of the.Union, to
might heat, plant Hu* corn on ground that had b*en ylant- ..abetter market, and for higher prices. O.i many former
ed several years m porn, and plough it- whenr-ttas^tbund occasions, I have indeed been clear' and explicit 01
and bandit.—T® - ro
la 11 try of Jose Maria was proverbial. A woman ■ JI
ion going up to Madrid, bad her trunks AIM * !!n " 1 1
dresses, valuable jewelry, iace, and every thing 501 * 1
person of her rank, all of which ti.e heavy hawk'jfo
searchers made their booty. The lady Din? ^ fo J
lusian, and lull of the wit and self-possession ut , -1
vince, stepped gaily up to Tempcranillo, and
“Amigo, well, I must return to Cadiz. Fray, v
assist me on the road 1” “ Why so, vour Lody-n 1 ?' ^
claimed the robber. Why, how can a woman
go to Madrid without tbc dresses and ornament--
pear at court in *” replied Donna Julia. “R fs,0I< ’q jr ,
lady’s property,’’ w as the answer given by J 1 '"’ ". r
and the gang ever obeniont to his orders, imraeai*-^.^
turned to her her gold watch, chains, rings. Sf- > ^
captain making a low bow, bogged the h' jnor 0
cepting them at his hands. “Caballero and
never forget your kindness.” continued the iaufr ?
of her sweetest smiles, “ but the fact is, I
claimant on your bounty. I cannot go to C ‘ ,UI ? 1 1- tr
money in my pocket.” “ How stupid to forget t ■» ^..
olaimcd our friend; and in an instunt, ber nl1 ™'
her hands, with an offer of us much ciorefrcm 1 if
of the banditti. The lady went on to Madrid. ^ ^ j
the pardou that was subsequently granted to , uf - 9 cir
was in deliberation, her influence was of great' a ‘ ^
rying it through.—Honan's “ Andalusiaa Ax* eC
Prices or bread in France and FnglaS’. j ^1
. .. . , _ clear and explicit on these
principled, as it it my nature alwaya to be; but just
now, I shall be frank, and full beyond all former exam
ple. '*• v
From the recent expressions of pu’olioopiriion, as shown
in my erection, it is evident to all, that the sacred and un
alienable rights of the States must Be strictly and careful
ly guarded. Indeed, this principle, which we have inher
ited from Thomas Jefferson, that great Apostle of demount
cy i* the sheet anchor of our Union. Not but that the fede
ral government must also be preserved, in ali its power and
force, so as to give consistency to State Rights. In the
South and South-West particularly, this doctrine must
be strictly adhered to. In the North, regular nomina
tions supply the place of State Rights, and preserve the"
ascendency of the Democratic party without them
On the subject of the Tariff, let us have no dji
have always been in favour of a judicious 1
fortunately means anti-tariff at the South T/
England—anti-tariff in New-York City—Ti
TUMinMd
ris, bread is §0 .centimes, or about 5d At
loaf.. In' Loudon, the price of such a loaf is " * ^9 U 1 ’
sons, in France, wheat flour is -1- fraiics b* ^ F
grumes, or about 300 lbs.; equal to about T ■*
American barrel. The price of a pound of *
»•g. Mi.
New-York, Jj ,ik
t ondon * 4 <»• ,
J &ns, . ^ |fy pfj
From this statement, it appears that we ae
Wort; for bread than do our fellow-eaters w
even asinuoh; for it is very considerably ft I
cents in Now-York, than 4| in the British ^
ages, of mechanics and laborers are twM*
as in England, and the facility of obtaining » 9
other words, of obtaining moHey" wht-1ewrt*
expenses of lividfe—is much ghsster in fit*"
1 greater 1
.tkcovity. The great'difference in
lowers
the United States, in favor of tiie ^ j
t part to the nonconsumption of
- - - of rye 1