Newspaper Page Text
which is required for the support of the
Federal Government. Now they will save
the difference between 30 per ceut. and
12£ per ceu., (17£ per cent.) which amounts
to $37,000,000, which, added to the com
mission exchanges, advances, &c , ma les
lip the good round sum I have put
down higher up.
The Southerners are firmly convinced
that they have “kept the North going”
by the prices they have paid for the pro
tected articles of tbeir manufacture, and
they hold out to Sheffield, to Manchester,
to Leeds, to Wolverhampton, to Dudley,
to Paris, to Lyons, to Bordeaux, to all
the centres of English manufacturing life,
as of French taste and luxury, the tempt
ing baits of new and eager and hungry
markets. If their facts and statistics are
accurate, there can be no doubt of the jus
tice of their deductions on many points:
but they cannot scarcely be correct in as
suming that they will bring the United
States to destruction by cutting oft’ from
Lowell the six hundred thousand bales of
cotton wbicli she usually consumes.
One great fact, however, is unquestion
able—the Government has in its hands
the souls, the wealth and the hearts of the
people. They will give anything—mon
ey, labor, life itself—to carry out their the
ories.
“Sir,” said an Ex-Governor of this State
to me, “sooner than submit to the North
we will all become subjects to Great Bri
tain again.” The same gentleman is one
of many who have givcu to the Govern
ment a large portion of their cotton crop
every year as a free will offering. In his
instance his gift is one of 500 bales of cot
ton, or -£5000 per am.’in, and the papers
teem with accounts oi similar “patriotism”
and devotion.
The ladies are all making sandbags,
cartridges anrl nnifoAis, and, if possible,
they are more fierce than the men. The
time for mediation is past, if it ever were
at band or present at all, aud it is scarce
ly possible now to prevent the processes
of phlebotomization, which are supposed
to secure peace and repose.
The newspapers contain the text of the
declaration of a state ol war on the part
of President Davis, and of the issue of let
ters of marque and reprisal, &c. The ob
ject of this war measure is to depreciate
the value of the shipping of the North,
and to prevent the vessels of the United
States commercial marine getting cargos
abroad. The Government here conceive
they have the light to demand from foreign
nations that their flag shall be recognized,
and their iaw officer declares the Coufede
rate States will maintain their right to is
sue letters of marque in the face of the
world. It is the right of a beligerent pow
er, and it was respected, they say, by the
conrts of law in the United states in the
case of the South American Republics be
fore any formal recognition of tbeir gov
ernments or of tbeir independence was
made by any power. The refusal to ad
mit the privateers of the Confederate States
to exercise the rights of belligerents in the
right of search will be taken as an act of
war, and as proof of alliauce with the ene
my—that is, the Government of the Uni
ted States. It need hardly be observed
that the protection of British interests de
mands that an efficient squadron of ves
sels be at once sent to the American waters
in the face of such contingencies as will
inevitably arise.
But it may be asked, w ho w ill take
these letters of marqne ? Where is the
Government of Montgomery to find ships?
The answer is to be found in the fact that
already numerous applications have been
received from the shipowners of new Eng
land, from the whalers of New Bedford,
and from others in the Northern States,
for these very letters of marque, accompa
nied by the highest securities and guaran
tees. This statement I make on the very
highest authority. 1 leave it to you to deal
■with the facts.
To-day I proceeded to the Montgomery
Downing street and Whitehall, to present
myself to the members of the Cabinet and
to be introdneed to the President of the
Confederate States of America.
The offices of the government are con
tained under one roof in a large red brick
building of unfaced masonry, which looks
like a handsome first class warehouse. On
the first landing in a square hall, surronn
ded by doors on which legible inscriptions
are fixed to indicate tbe offices of “The
President” “Tbe Secretary of War,” “The
Attorney General,” “Tbe Secretary of
State” “of the Cabinet,” &c., and on a
lauding above are situated the offices of
the other members of the government.
The building is surmotfffed by the flag of
the Confederate St^^s. There is no sen-
try at the doors, ami access is free to all,
but there are notices on the doors warning
visitors that they can only be received du
ring certain hours.
The President was engaged with some
gentlemen when I was present to him, but
he received me with much kindness of
manner, anil when they had left, entered in
to conversation with me sometime on gener
al matters. Mr Davis is a man of slight,
sinewy figure, rather over the middle
height, and of erect, soldier like bearing.
He is about 55 years of age ; bis features
are regular and well defined, hut the face
is thin, and marked on cheek aud brow
with many wrinkles, and is rather careworn
and haggard. One eye is apparently
blind, the other is dark, piercing and intel
ligent. He was dressed very plainly in a
light gray summer suit. In the course of
conversation he gave an order for the Sec
retary of War to furnish me with a letter
as a kind of passport in case of my falling
in with the soldiers of any military posts
who might be indisposed to let ine pass
freely, merely observing that I had been
enough within the lines of camps to know
what was my duty on such occasions.
I was subsequently presented to Mr.
Walker, the secretary of war, who prom
ised to furnish me with the needful docu
ments before I left Montgomery.
In his room were General Beauregard
aud several officers, engaged over plans
and maps, apparently in a little council
of war, which was, perhaps, not without
reference to the intelligence that the Uni
ted States troops were marching on Nor
folk navy yard, aud had actually occupied
Alexandria.
On leaviug tbe Secretary, I proceeded
to the room of the Attorney General, Mr.
Benjamin, a very intelligent and able
man, whom I found busied in preparations
connected with the issue of letters of
marque.
Every thing in the offices looked like
earnest work and business.
Jeff. Davis as a Prophet.—We find in
a reported speech of Jeft. Davis of June,
1857, that “while disclaiming being an
alarmist, he urged the citizens ot the
South to prepare for tbe monster crisis,
when the Union will be severed, which is
to come in 18G0.” Thus we see that be
fore Abraham Lincoln was dreamed of as
a candidate for the Presidency, and in the
very first year of Mr. Buchanan's admin
istration, this Southern rebellion of I860
was resolved upon, aoc that Davis predict
ed it as one having authority.
Bailie at Bethel.
The following interesting sketch of the
battle of Bethel, we find in the Peters
burg Express. It furnishes some incidents
that we have not seen elswhere in print:
After the battle, a number of our men
went over and explored the groundj occu
pied by the Yankees during the engage
ment. Many sickening sights of the dead
and dying were presented. Just where
one of the enemy’s cannon had been sta
tioned, and upon which the shot from one
rifled cannon played with such deadly ef
fect, Dr. Wm. R. Yaughn, of Hampton,
was attracted to a spot in the woods by
the groans of some one in great agony.
Upon going to the place, he found a man
lying in the grass, suffering from a most
frightful wound, one of his legs having
been shot entirely off near the thigh.
“What can I do for you my friend ?” asked
the Doctor, “as I suppose we can call each
other friends now!” “I will be extrern-
ly thankful for any assistance you can
render,” said the suffering man. “If yon
do anything at all,” he continued,” it will
be mor-i tliau those with whom I have been
fighting have done.” They promised me
every thing before my enlistment, and now
they have ran off and left me here to die.”
The man was removed by our soldiers to
a house near by, the bleeding of the arte
ry stopped, and a portion of tbe limb was
amputated. His prospects of recovery are
favorable.
All day Tuesday, the wounded and dead
were being found in the woods, and we
hear from a gentleman who left Tuesday
morning, that some were found Wednes
day. Many have probably penetrated the
thick recesses of the forest, and there died
from shear neglect.
A detachment of Confederate troops un
der command ofCapt.J. Thompson Brown,
of Richmond, buried some eighteen or
tweety dead bodies after the battle, and
provided for several of the wounded who
were left to shift for themaelves by tbeir
cowardly and heartless friends.
A lady living in the vicinity and near
the road says the affrightened creatures
left the scene of their exploits in the wild
est confusion. Some were crying with
pain, and others screaming with terror,
and others yelling like demons, iu the
hope, probably of frightening back all pur
suers. Twenty five haversacks were found
in one pile, and other accoutrements with
out number. A letter was found, written
by one of those thieving Yankees to bis
mother. He informed her that be bad se
cured some twenty five horses, and several
negroes, but bad met with no opportunity
to dispose of them. The mother was re
quested to forward some fuuds until the
writer could realize something from his
horses and negroes, when she wonld be re
paid with interest
Another letter was penned in beautiful
delicate style. It was from a sister to a
brother. It breathed the most ardent af
fection, and enjoined upon him to kill a
thousand slave breeders if possible, and by
all means to avenge the death of tbe hand
some and brave young Elmer Ellsworth.
Immediately after a discharge from one
of our howitzers, an officer of evidently
high rank and well mounted, was seen to
reel in his saddle, and falling forward, he
clasped his horse’s neck to maintain his po
sition. Instautly half a dozen soldiers sur
rounded the horse, and lie was led out of
the lines and conducted back to tlio bouse
of Mr. Thomas Crandall. Mrs. Crandall
was at home, and enquired the officer’s
name but was not permitted to learn it.
Several of his men crowded around to
nurse him, and much confusion and dis
tress was manifested. He died at the
house of Mrs. Craudall about two hours af
ter beiug brought there, and was from thence
conveyed to Newport News. Mrs. Cran
dall’s statement is confirmed by Mr. Lew
is Davis, a most respectable old gentleman
residing in the neighborhood, who witnes
sed the battle from an elevated point, and
saw this officer when he reeled in his sad
dle and fell over upon his horse’s neck.
Au old trapper of high respectability,
who was residing in Hampton for many
years, named Benj. Phillips, was coming up
the road near Hampton jn the afternoon,
armed with a double barrel gun. Seeing a
buggy some distace ahead of him, lie slip
ped into the woods and waited its approach
lie soon discovered two officers seated in
the buggy, and saw from their distressed
appearance, that they were in no condition
to do him much damage. They hailed
him as they passed, asking who he was ?
lie replied by telling them to pass on. As
soon as they did so the old man let fly
both barrels of his gun in rapid succes
sion into the back of the buggy. A shriek
was heard, and one of the officers leaped out,
and took to tbe woods. The other fell for-
gard and the buggy passed on. Mr Pliil-
lips is of the impression that the shriek was
the death-yell of the individual who re
mained in the vehicle. Mr. Phillips had
previously killed at different times nine
of tbe Federal scouts.
Lieut. Cbisman is of the opinion that
our arms are greatly superior to those
used by the Yankees in this battle of
Bethel. 'They seem to have used the
round ball ami smooth bore. One of their
muskets was found, tbe barrel of which
had been struck by a conical ball from
one of our rifled muskets. Tbe barrel
was badly bent, and tbe ball had itnbed-
ed itself in it. This gun is now in the pos
session of Dr. S. R. Shields, late of Hamp
ton, but who has been compelled to take
refuge temporarily in Williamsburg.
Lient. Cbisman, who was a prosperous
druggist of Hampton, says every store in
the place has been robbed of tbeir con
tents. The cowardly thieves entered ma
ny of these stores from a skylight, fearing
that the front doors were armed with spiiug
guns. The people of this town have suf
fered more than did their forefathers in the
war with Great Britain.
Mr. John Jones, of Milford, Warwick
county, lost seventy valuable slaves by
the invasion of these ruthless scoundrels.
The day ou which tbe battle was fought,
(last Monday.) our informant states, was
one of the lovliest he ever witnessed. Not
a speck was to be seen in tbe blue skies
overhead, and a more delightful tempera
ture was never vouchsafed to patriot hearts.
Col. Magnider placed the men iu posi
tion and with great coolness went around,
delivering to each compauy a few spirited
remarks. To one he closed with the en
couraging language of the Rev. Mr. Ad
ams, a Baptist minister, who had preached
to the troops at Bethel Church the night
previous, saying, “God is with us, and vic
tory is sure.” To another Col. Magruder
said in the lauguage of the patriot Gari
baldi, “God never made a more beautiful
day for men io die in defence of their
country.” And lastly Col. Magruder ad
dressed the Hampton Brigade, command
ed by Maj. John B. Cary, and after a few
spirited remarks, closed by telling that
Hamptoniaus had the strongest of incen
tives to nerve their stroug arms in this
struggle, "for they had deep aud grierous
wrongs of their own to avenge.”
The Richmond TVtug says in speakiug
of Gen. Butler's report:
General Butler’s confession, that Gen
eral Pierce, who commanded the invading
horde, “lost his presence of mind,” is ex
quisite. We hope the gallant Batler may
long survive to chronicle our victories.—
He makes one strange omission. He
could not have heard of the bayonet charge
by the brave North Carolinians, other
wise, in the abundance of bis candor aud
simplicity, he would surely have stated it.
As he did not hear of tbe charge, it is more
than probable he never heard of the stam
pede which followed it.
Terrible fire of the batteries—masked
at that—astonished the Yankees. In their
bewilderment they exclaim, “It is thought
Col. Magruder must hare had charge of the
guns /” No very unreasonable conjecture
for scared men ! Magruder is a very dev
il in Yankee imagination, and if we could
only have him in charge of all our batte
ries, we should not long be troubled with
the Yankees.
The Richmond Examinet says :
“Honor those to v/bom honor is due.—
All our troops appear to have behaved
nobly at Bethel, but the honors of that day
are clearly duo to the spleudid regiment ot
North Carolina, whose charge of bayonets
decided it, and presaged tbeir conduct ou
many a more important field. Virginia’s
solemn sister is justly jealous of glory;
her simple honest courageous population
are weary of the grand silence of their
forests of pine ; they have come out to
fight with a deep determination to make
their mark, which both friends and foes
have yet to fathom.
On this occasion North Carolina may
be content. No forced praise and empty
compliment arc necessary now ; for every
statement of the facts, made no matter by
whom, or how, brings out the steady val
or and decisivo action of her sons aud
representatives, in a light too clear to
leave any place for error, or cause for rc
gret, except that the foe neither would nor
could await their advancing line of steel.”
Col. Hill, the leader of the North Caro
lina regiment, is, we understand, a na
tive of South Carolina, but very early iu
life an emigrant to North Carolina, from
which latter State he went to West Point
and received a military education. He
served with credit under Gen. Scott in
Mexico, participating in the battles of
Chepultepec, Cbernbusco, etc.
An incident occured one day last week
of the most touching kind. The remains
of Maj. Wintbrop, of the Federal forces,
who was slaiu in the memorable battle
of Bethel, had been committed to the earth.
His brother, under a flag of truce, came af
ter the body from New York. It was dis
interred by order of Col. Magruder, and
sent on to the lines under escort of Charles
City Cavalry, Captain Douthat, and a de
tachment of the Howitzers. In silence
this guard of honor moved onward, till
they reached their destination, and met
the heart broken brother, who had brought
ou ametalic coffin to receive the moulder
ing form of him who should have fallen in
a better cause. When he saw how South
ern men could ieel and act, and must have
contrasted their high toned courtesy with
the brutal and fiendish conduct of such men
as Butler, it is said by those who were pres
ent that he bowed his head, overcome witli
emotion, and said in choking tones to
Capt. Douthat, “I did not expect this.”
Will this simple incident find its way into
a Northern paper? I doubt it.
Lord
of
FORCE IN VIRGINIA.
L yon's Instructions—Prospats
Peace— A Skirmish.
Washington, June 13, 1SG1.—It is use
less to write you any war details, as you
know qiitte as much by telegraph and news
papers as I krfow, and even more. Great
excitement has-prevailed here since the
the news from Great Bethel. It is impos
sible, however, to learn the truth of the
story. It is studiously concealed by the
few in authority. The government is in a
sad quandaryand evidently does not know
which way to turn. There is reliable in
formation here that 128,000 toops, well
drilled and equipped, are now in Virginia,
and more are arriving at the rate of 2,000
daily. A gentleman arriving from Rich
mond reports that so great is the force that
the idea of an attempt on the part of tbe
Federal roops to march to that place is con
sidered a farce. For precaution’s sake, how
ever, heavy entrenchments have been
thrown up in all quarters around the city.
The Southern forces will undoubtedly sweep
the Government array from Virginia soil
before a great while. General Scott is
perfectly aware oi the true state of affairs,
aud he as well as the whole Cabinet, are
very uneasy.
The Administration has been particular
ly annoyed by the decision of Judge
Taney in the habeas corpus case, and has
not yet determined on what course to pur
sue. It has, however, produced one good
effect, Secretary Cameron has certain
ly written to Marshal Bonifant, instructing
him not to search private houses, and to be
careful not to give any such cause of
offence to the citizens of Baltimore.
Another great annoyance to tho Admin
istration is the receipt by Lord Lyons ol
instructions from tbe British Government,
directing him to test the legality of the
blockade. It is claimed that as the Admin
istration refuses to recognize the Southern
Confederacy as.belligerent it assuredly has
no right to blockade its own ports. Lord
Lyons has engaged the service of Mr. Car
lisle to prosecute the matter. Mr. C. being
a Virginian by birth and sympathy, uuder
takes it with much gusto.
It is confidently asserted here that there
will be a peace within sixty days. The
government cannot get money euough to
carry ou the war, even if it were proper
ly and honestly disbursed. As half of it
is stulen by the army contractors and men
“having authority,” who aid aud abet
them iu their knavery, dividing the profits,
the task becomes doubly difficult.
One Indian, One Kentuck—One Indian,
two Ohio.—The sight of a company of
bardv Kentuckians ou tbe Capitol Square
last Wednesday evening brought to onr
mind an incident of the war of 1812, illns
trative of tbs Indian estimate of the com
parative efficiency of Kentucky and Ohio
toorps on the field of battle.—A British
oificei in the Northwestern campaign re
lated that their Indiau allies had a great
horror of Kentuckians, while they looked
upon Ohioaus as not very formidable. It
was a common saying among them—“one
Indian, one_Kentuck—one Indian, two
Ohio”—meaning that in their view it took
two Ohio rnen to make one Kentuckian or
one Indian. On a cirtain occasion, said
the British officer, “we determined to at
tack a party of Americans not far from us,
in an open field; and called upon the In
dians to co-operate with us. They hesita
ted at first, but consented on being told
that they had to fight Ohio troops. In a
tew minutes the fire was opened upon us,
rather unexpectedly to our officers; upon
which the Indians all took to their heels,
exclaiming in broken English in their
flight, ‘Kentuck ! Kentnck ! Kentuck !’ ”
This incident may be relied upou as
historical.—Richmond Enquirer.
Modern education too often covers the
fingers with rings, aud at the same time
cuts the sinews of the wrists.
From the Charleston Mercury.
Military Operatieis of the Present EerelnUoi.
During the six months, commencing with the
20th of December, 1861, f the aate of the
Secession of South Carolina,) and ending
the 20th of June, 1861.
December 26, 1860.—Sudden evacua
tion of Fort Moultrie by Major Anderson,
United States army, lie spikes the guns,
burns the gun carriages, and retreats to
Fort Sumter, which he occcpies.
December 27.—Capture of Fort Moul
trie aud Castle Pickney by the Soath
Carolina troops. Captain Coste surren
ders the reveue cutter Aiken.
January 3, 1861.—Capture of Fort Pu
laski by tbe Savannah troops.
January 3.—The Arsenal at Mount Ver
non, Alabama, with 20,000 stand of arms,
seized by tbe Alabama troops.
January 4.—Fort Morgan, in Mobile
Bay, taken by the Alabama troops.
January 9.—The steam ship Star of the
West fired into and dtiveu off by the
South Carolina batteries ou Morris’ Island.
Failure of the attempt to reinforce Foit
Sumter.
January 10.—Forts Jackson, St. Phil
ips and Pike, near New Orleans, captured
by the Louisiana troops.
January 13.—Capture of the Pensacola
Navy Yard, and Forts Barrancas and Me
Rea, by troops from Florida, Alabama and
Louisiana. Major Chase shortly after
wards take command and the seige of
Fort Pickens commences.
January 15.—Surrender of the Batou
Rouge Arsenal to the Louisiana troops.
January 31.—The New Orloans Mint
and Custom Honse taken.
February 2.—Seizure of the Little Rock
Arsenal by the Arkansas troops.
February 4.—Surrender of the Revenue
Cutter Cass to the authorities of Ala
bama.
February 16.—General Twiggs trans
fers tbe public property in Texas to the
State authorities. Colonel White, U. S.
A., surrenders San Antonio to Colonel
Ben McCullough and his Texas Ran
gers.
February IS.—Inauguration of Presi
dent Davis at Montgomery, Ala.
March 2.—The Revenue Cntter Dodge,
seized by the Texas authorities.
March 3.—General Beauregard assumes
command of the troops besieging Fort Sum
ter.
March 12.—Fort Brown, in Texas, sur
rendered by Capt. Hill to the Texas Com
missioners.
April 12-13.—Battle of Fort Sumter.—
Brilliant victory gained by General Beau
regard and tbe South Carolina troops.—
Alter thirty-fonr hours bombardment the
Fort surrenders to the Confederate States:
April 14.—Evacution of Fort Sumter
by Major Anderson and his command.
April 15.—Abraham Lincoln, President
of the United States, issued a proclamation,
calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down
the “ Southern rebellion.
April 15.—Colonel Reeve, U. S. A.,
surrendered Fort Bliss, near El Paso, to
Colonel J. W. McGriffin, the Texas Com
missioner.
April 16.—Seizure of the North Caroli
na Forts and the Fayetteville Arsenal by
the State troops.
April IS.—Capture of the steam ship
Star of the West by Colonel Van Dorn,
O. S. A.
April 19.—The Baltimore massacre —
The citizenss of Baltimore attacked with
missiles the Northern mercenaries passing
through tbeir city, en route for the South.
The Massachusetts Regiment fires on tbe
people, and many are killed. Two mer
cenaries are also shot. Great excitement
follows, and the Maryland people proceed
to burn the railroad bridges and tear up
the tracks.
April 20.—Capture of the Federal army
at Iudianolia, Texas, by Col. Van Dorn,
Confederate States army. The Federal
officers released on parole.
April 20.—Attempted destruction of
Norfolk Navy Yard by the Federal au
thorities. The works set on fire, and sev
eral war ships scuttled and sunk. The
Federal troops retreat to Fortress Monroe.
TlieN&vy Yard subsequently occupied by
the Virginians.
April 20.—Harper's Ferry' evacuated by
the Federal troops under Lieut. Jones,
who attempts the destruction of tbe Armo
ry by fire. The place occupied by Virgin
ia troops.
April 28.—Fort Smith, Arkansas, cap
tured by the Arkausas troops under Col.
Solon Borland.
May 9.—The blockade of Virgiuia com
menced.
May 10.—Baltimore occupied by a large
body of Federal troops under Gen. B. F.
Butler.
May 10.—A body of 5000 Federal vol
unteers, under Capt. Lyon, United States
army, surround the encampment of eight
hundred Missouri State troops, near St.
Louis, and oblige them to surrender.
May 10.—‘The St. Louis massacre. The
German volunteers, under Col. Francis P.
Blair, Jr., wantonly fire upon the people
iu the streets of St. Louis, killing and
wounding a large number.
May 11.—The St. Louis massacre; re
petition of the terrible scenes of May 10th.
The defenceless people again shot down.
Thirty-three citizens butchered in cold
blood.
May 11.—The blockade of Charleston
harbor commenced by the United States
steamer Niagara.
May 19, 20, 21.—Attack on the Virgin
ia batteries at Sewell’s Point (near Nor
folk) by the United States 6teamer Mon-
ticcllo, aided by the steamer Minnesota.
The assailants driven off with loss. No
one hurt on the Virginia side.
May 24.—Alexandria, Va., occupied by
5000 Federal troops, the Virginians hav
ing retreated. Killing of Col. Ellsworth
by I be heroic Jackson.
May 25.—Hampton, Va.. near Fortress
Monroe, taken by the Federal troops;
Newport New occupied.
May 27.—New Orleans and Mobile
blockaded.
May 29.—President Davis arrives in
Richmond.
May 31.—Fight st Fairfax Court House
between a company of United States cav
alry and a Virginia company ; the gallant
Captain Marr killed; several Federal
troops killed, wounded and taken prison
ers.
June 1, 2, 3.—Engagement at Aqnia
Creek between the Virginia batteries aud
the United States steamers Wabash, Ana-
costa and Thomas Freeborn. The enemy
withdrew, greatly damaged.
June 3.—Battle of Phillippa, in Wes
tern Virginia. Col. Kelley, commanding
a body of Federal troops anil Virginia to
ries, attacks an inferior force of Southern
ers, at Phillippa, under Col. Porterfield,
aud routs them. Col. Kelley severely
wounded, and several on both sides re
ported killed.
June 5.—Fight at the Pig’s Point Bat
tery, between tbe Confederate troops and
tho U. S. steamer Harriet Lane, resulting
in tbe discomfiture of the enemy. The
Harriet Lane, badly hulled.
June 10.—Battle of Great Bethel, near
Yorktown, Va. This splendid victory was
gained by eleven handled North Carolin
ians and Virginians, commanded by Col.
J. Bankhead Magruder, over four thousand
five hundred Federal troops, under Brig.
Gen. Pierce. The Federal troops attack
ed the Southern entrenchments, anil alter
a fight of four hours, were driven back and
pursued to Hampton. Southern loss, one
man killed and seven wounded. Federal
loss believed to be several bundled. They
confess to thirty killed and ouc hundred
wounded.
June 12.— Gov. Jackson ot Missouri, is
sues a proclamation, calling the people of
that ‘ State to arms. He commences to
concentrate troops at Jefferson City, burn'
ing the bridges ou tbe routes to St. Louis
aud tbe East.
June 15.—Harper’s Ferry evacuated by
Gen: Joseph E. Johnston and the Confed
erate troops.
June 1G.—Skirmish at Vienna, Va., be
tween Col. Gregg’s South Carolina Regi
ment and the Filth Ohio Regiment. The
enemy routed, with a loss of several kill
ed.
Change Bills Again.
The law of Georgia against the utter
ance of ehiuplaslers or change hills is very
severe It provides for heavy tine and
imprisonment against the marker—a tine
of not less than fifty, nor more than five
hundred dollars for every change hill issu
ed, and he is at the mercy of any man
who chooses to make complaint and di
vide tbe fines collected as his reward.
We have extracted the law from Cobb’s
Digest as follows :
“If any person or persons, co-partnership, asso
ciation of persons, or body cooperate, not specially
authorized by law, shall, after the 1st day of Octo
ber next, issue, emit, or lend any bill or note, uu
der the specified value of one dollar, such person
^nufkrn lltcorher.
martial exploit of the Comanites at th
Bethel, there has never been so much „
and stupidity, outside of a Lunatic Asy'i
Northern people have manifested, ijr,t
stepping out of their rightful spb, r - t-j a .
stitutional Slavery in the South; and
when this attack dissolved the Union. ; r ,...
restore the Union by force !!
Whether the Northern people ar m jr
in another conclusion to which they ! lav
their minds, is yet to be seen in the com*
they apprehend from the loss of Southern
age. And at this point we have no inclinv:
MILLEDGEVI LLE =
TUESDAY, JULY 2. 1861.
FOR GOVERNOR,
Hon. THOMAS W. THOMAS, of Elbert
[election os THE FIRST WEDSESD.fV IS OCT.]
NEXT GOVERNOR.
We notice that there is some ditference of opin
ion among our Editorial brethren aud their corres
pondents, relative to the mode of presenting a can
didate for the Executive Chaif of Georgia. Agree
ing with several of them in the opinion that “the
people are tired of those log-rolling dictatorial con
claves known as Conventions, and that they in
tend this year to select their own candidate and
elect him without the volunteer aid of the politi
cians,” we but exercise the privilege which be
longs to us as citizens, and as conductors of the
press, in suggesting the Hon. THOMAS W.
THOMAS of Elbert county, as the proper man
for the times, and accordingly we place his name
at the head of our columns to-day, for Governor of
Georgia at the next election.
In urging the qualifications of Judge Thomas,
we cannot be suspected of being under the influ-
rejoice at the calamities which the XortL
or persons, co-partnership, association of persons i , ,, ,
or body, shall forfeit the sum of one hundred dol- j ence of old sympathies; for we have generally
lars, for each bill or note so issued, emitted or lent, j been opposed to him in politics, until by the seces-
& c., &e.”—Act of December 19, 1816,p. 98, Cobb's
Digest.
“Every person who shall issue change bills or
bills of any denomination, without Legislative
grant, shall, for each offence be fined in a sum not
less than fifty, nor more than five hundred dollars
—one-half of said penalty to go to the prosecutor.”
—Act, 1830, p. 99.
“An Act to * * prescribe the pains and penalties
against private banking and thej issuing of change
bills, ife.
Any person or persons, body politic or corpo
rate, who may hereafter make, issue, circulate, pay
or tender in payment any check, order draft or bill
for the payment of money, or other thing having
the form or similitude ot a bank note, and inten
ded to be used and circulated as money or circula
ting medium, except such banking institutions and
corporations as by law are authorized to issue
notes or bills for circulation, shall be liable to in
dictment as for a misdemeanor; and on conviction,
shall be punished by fine or imprisonment iu the
common jail of said County, or both, at tbe discre
tion of tbe Court.”—Act of 1841, p. -47.
“That from and after the passage of this act, all
laws of this State making it penal or criminal for
innocent holders of change bills to pass nr circu
late. the same, are hereby repealed : Prodded al
ways, That no part ot this Act shall be so constru
ed as to relieve tbe markers of change bills from
the penalties of the law.”—Act of 1842, p. 848.
It seems stiange that any body, to re
lieve himself of a little embarrassment in
making change, should be willing to en
counter the imminent hazard of a penalty
which would stripe him of every cent he
is worth, were he rich as Croesus. No
further remark can add force to this view
of the subject. All the obligations of a
good citizen, a law-abiding and prudent
man ought to prohibit one from meddling
in so dangerous a matter.
The “scarcity of change" has originated
in a cause and an occasion, both of which
wi 11 be jllS tly a ggravated by the issue of
change hills or shinplasters. The cause
is the bank suspension, which has reduced
our bank bills a little below par; hut the
fact that daily, and perhaps many times a
day, men see silver returned in way of
change for these batik liabilities, has a
vastly beneficial influence tm the Bank
currency, to restrain ami counetract the
tendency to depreciation. Stop this, and
make change with wretched shin plaster
rags, and the bank cnrrency of Georgia
would drop to thirty per cent, below par
in less than three months. At least, this
is our judgment of the matter, arrived at
after an extensive observation of the effect
of shin plasters.
Now as to the occasion ; The hank bills,
as we have said, being a little below par,
some few traders in every town (and it j
takes but a few to do the mischief) hag ev
ery dollar of change they can lay hold of
to use for exchange, or to sink for a rainy
day. Such men will send out to their
neighbors (it may be) every morning, to
beg a little change to start on—then hold
on to every possible dime during the day.
and at night lock the whole up, to start
again next morning bare of cange, upon
another accommodation furnished by their
obliging neighbors. Now one or two such
houses as that in a town will make a “scar
city of change” right away. They may
possibly realize fifty dollars profit by the
operation, and put a whole community to
inconvenience and distress. It is a mean
business—a very mean business.
Another occasion of the scarcity is the
amount of small charge carried way into the
country and locked up, at sucha time. Ev
ery dealer in produce or marketing aims to
bury the change. Whatever he receives of
silver for what he has to sell is gone from
the circulating medium, and for whatever
he has to buy lie always tenders paper,
again to bury whatever change he may re
ceive.
It will be seen, then, that “the scarcity
of silver change” is all a mear fiction.
There is just as much iu aud around Macon
to-day as there has ever been—enough
and more than enough to subserve all tbe
purposes of small change. If to day the
Banks should begin to redeem tbeir bills
in gold, silver change would be abnudant
by night fall.
Now, against these systematic abstrac
tions from the silver circulating medium,
nothing avils but the simple fact that we
must hare change. That fact keeps what
silver we have in circulation, and that
fact it is of vast importance should remain
a fact ! Do away with it by the substitu
tion of change bills, all tbe silver would
vanish in a day. The increasing depreci
ation of bank paper, resulting from change
bills, w'ould add every day new motives
for hoadiug coin, and coin by its scarcity
would gain every day a new value, until,
at last, a weaned business community, dis
gusted with a trade in which they could
not tell whether they were making or
breaking, would rise in their might and
swear they would never receive another
shinplaster or nou-specie paying bank bill,
and that, after months of self inflicted suf
fering, would cure the evil.
If now, foreseeing this end, they will
sternly insist on silver change—if they
will demand of tbeir customers to meet
them half way and produce the change
when less than half a dollar is needed—if
we as a community will iusist that there
shall be change—that we will accept no
substitutes—then there will be change,
aud we cannot only break up the sliinplas-
ter system here, but every where iu Geor
gia by taking an early aud resolute stand
against it. If change is “scarce,” let us
bear with tbe inconvenience of sacracity,
as best we may, rather than banish it alto
gether by tbe substitution of a shinplaster
currency.-— Macon Telegraph.
* sion of Georgia from the United States old party
lines were obliterated
We now feel at liberty to support any man who
in our judgment will make the best Governor, with
out inquiring into his former party connections. In
all candor we believe that Judge ThuMAS possesses
the ability, the boldness and the integrity which in
these stirring times should distinguish our Chief
Magistrate. He has been recommended in papers
at Augusta and elsewhere of late for the office
and as far back as April 23, we included his name
in a list of gentlemen, from which we thought a
wise selection might be made.
Judge Thomas, it is said, intends resigning his
office as Judge of the Northern Circuit, to serve in
the army of the Confederate States; but we think
his fellow-citizens have a claim upon him at Lome,
to the validity of which, we trust, lie will yield for
the purposes to which we have devoted his name
in this article. While recognizing with all courte
sy the names of other gentlemen who have been
spoken of for the office of Governor, we believe
tiiat Judge Thomas is pre-eminentiy fitted for the
place, aud as such we hope he will receive an un
divided support from the people of Georgia. Per
haps he is the only man in the State on whom pub
lic opinion could unite with the greatest cordiality.
THE ORDEAL—PURIFICATION.
W ith that strong practical sense for which the
Northern people have credit in the accumulation of
money, there seems to be an utter incapacity to
comprehend the aims and rights of the South, and
the maxim that “ governments are instituted among
men, deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed.” A failure to understand this
principle, or an obstinate refusal to allow its ac
tion, Las brought on the war which is now ragiug
between the North and the South. A few obvious
principles may be stated.
1. The Southern people honestly believe that
African slavery is consistent with the Word which
commands “ servants to be obedient unto their own
masters.”
2. They are convinced by expet ience tbat no
other kind of labor will produce cotton, rice and
sugar, articles of prime necessity, which will grow
only in a Southern climate.
3. The people of the South, conscious of these
facts, feel that they are responsible for the proper
nse of them, as cotton, rice and sngar are essential
not only to the happiness of the South, but to all
mankind.
4. It is admitted by the people of the South that
they promote their own welfare in a high degree
by African labor, and they also maintain with pro
priety tbat the negro race, in the relation of slaves,
are much happier than tin y couid be in a state of
freedom iu any part ot the globe.
5. That these propositions concur iu establish
ing the right, and also in making it the duty of the
Southern people to retain among them that system
of domestic slavery which they inherited from their
ancestors. They look upon it as a Providential
charge, aud they are willing to risk {heir lives
rather than incur the degradation of being forced
to rolinguish it by Northern fanatics.
6. That owing to their climate and peculiar sys
tem of labor, the people of the South were almost
exclusively agricultural in their pursuits and were
in the habit of obtaining from the North all the
merchandise and manufactures they consumed, in
the way of mutual interchange.
7. That the Southern people were in the habit of
visiting the North in great multitudes, annually on
business and for pleasure, thereby circulating mil
lions of gold among Northern tradesmen, hotels,
public conveyances, artists Ac., and’gratified with
their travels, sightseeing, and expenditures.
8. That the pleasure derived from these excur
sions was frequently enhanced by social attach
ments, aud it was a source of agreeable anticipa
tion that these ties would be renewed on future vis
its, even to farming conjugal relations, and the
patronage of Northern schools by the young ladies
of the South, aud of Northern Medical Colleges by
thousands of Southern students. This condition
of things once existed, henceforth never to be re
vived.
9. On tbe part of the South no jealousy or envi
ous feeling was entertained toward the prosperity
of the North. The shipping, the looms and spin
dles, the ten thousand ingenious applications of
machinery which made the North vocal with the
music of labor ; aud the. splendid creations of art
in the public galleries, the magnificent specimens
of architecture in her large cities, aud the endless
variety of objects which all cations had supplied, in
addition to native skill, all delighted Southern
minds. There was no silent grudging, no lurking
envy, no malignant criticism, no sinister adulation
on the part of tLe South. All was fiankness and
generosity,
Here the picture may be changed, because the
North so decrees. The ouce fraternal grasp of
the hand has been exchanged for the grasp of the
sword in deadly conflict. Why this change ?—
What demon has been at work thus to alienate the
South from the North, and to render their separa
tion eternal ? Why was the Union of States hurl
ed into fragments as a despised burden 1 The an
swer is brief: The North made a fanatical vow to
deprive the South of its property in slaves, not less
in value than Two thousand millions of dollars,
and elected a President by Northern votes alone,
Mr. Lincoln not having even a ticket for hint in
any of tbe fifteen slaveholding States, nor in any
of those States did he obtain a single Electoral
vote ! Yet hi- was declared President of the Uni
ted States under the forma of the Constitution, and
the Southern people, asserting the majesty of right
—renounced all connection with the Black Repub
lican government, and organised themselves into
a separate Confederacy, in the administration of
which their consent will be necessary.
But the people of tbe North are marching Iqr
hundreds of thousands into the Southern States to
conquer the “ Rebels,” and to bring them into sub
jection to Black Republican rule—a proceeding
much easier writUn and boasted of, than accom
plished in battle. In the history of mankind from
tbe murder of Abel by bis brother Cain, to tbe last
pie have brought upon themselves; f or i r ^
fering that must ensue, there will be thot
volved who had no share in committing ti, ”
upon tbe Soath which has terminated in th .
revolution. We nse the term revolution !"
erate purpose, knowing its special aigniti-,’,
the present crisis—that it means rtroi•
stance, and rebel in the abstract, in which s,.
are prepared to answer. Nor shall w e tr,,^
Lincoln or his military tribunal w hen tab
oners on the subjugation of the South, (if
ly bullet shall deliver us faorn such a fate
appeal for mercy, alleging that w e felt i 0 , r V
the Constitution in defying bis authort-
here place on record our belief that the [*,
the South acted wisely iu sitting up f 0
selves, though it is well known that we s B „ ,
the Union candidate for President, who w»< -
to the people of the North as the only hopef
serving the Republic. Rejecting him, th-v ~
wilfully into the vortex of disunion, as the S,
ern States had notified the country that tie
tion of a Black Republican President would b-
sisted at all hazards.
Here was no concealed battery, which has p-.
so disastrous at Sewell’s Point aud at Yvean* „
in the last few weeks. In January ]«s;j
batna by Legislative enactment, mounted h-r
for the Abolition ship and when the obni
craft, “Lincoln,” a long, black scht>-ner,w t .
ted out for a voyage to plunder the South.the t
metto State tired the first gnu, and then s jj „
States, Alabama included, poured their sL< -
the black, piratical schooner, until she was h
off badly crippled, and her proud Ensign tom
rags, the brightest Stars stricken out,—the an
alone remaining for the backs of its crouehiu- ,,
shippers, to be inflicted by a President who ci*
the negro as his equal, and therefore the negro
virtue of his equality, may inflict the stripes,
this operation, however, the North will hsv* •
manopoly among themselves, with President L
colji to direct and enjoy the fun.
Bat,abstaining from irony, we commiserate:
millions in the North, of whom the laboring ck
will be foremost in this awful wreck of trader
business pursuits, caused by the insane police
the Black Republican leaders. The whole ft,;
work of Northern society, Northern power
Northern greatness rises into view before this
i nation.
1. The resources of the North consist in
main of city lots, and buildings which are va >
at certain sums, because owing to the activity
business in that quarter a high rent is paid, e
from ten to fifteen per cent on the capital invest
Thus a first class store on Broadway, five stons
high, with marble or iron front, which cost S;.
art or Astor $500,000, could be leased for & te;
of years at fifty or sixty thousand dollars pert:
num, the rent payable quarterly. The tent;
would be a company of importers or jobber, *s
sold largely to the South, including who’e-i:
merchants in Charleston, Savannah. Mobile a.
New Orleans. The profits derived from tL
heavy transactions from year to year soon ma ,
Merchant Prince, of which New York. Boston
Philadelphia afford many examples.
2. Not only stores and mansions in the city w-
valued according to the demand for rent, ha;
manufacturing establishments every wL>r-
cotton mills, the iron foundries, the ship v..- -
and machinery of every description, were sni ■:
to the same measure of value, just as :
was a demand for the articles manufactured. I:
South was the chief consumer of all these, bop-
at least two thhus more than all other custowi
pat together. Hence it was an easy thing,":;
least it was a certain method to realize fortune
selling to the South. The enormous wealth
conspicuous in the tax books of the North.is!
imagination, most of the property resting ia
commercial basis, altogether magnified, and ii.r
ing but little real value outside of the influence,
trade. Thus in the case of the Broadway Ee
chants who undertook to pay $50,000 a year r-
proved worthless tenants after their failure Ir
the loss of Southern trade ; and the finesiv; v.
closed with printed letters ou the door, “To Llt
of which one hundred and thirty-nine, with th
same notice, were counted by an Editor in a
gie walk between the Astor House and Fourteen;
Street, within the last month. These vacant st -
tiid dwellings which perhaps cost fifteen or twetr
millions of dollars to build them, and which vi
ed high rents, are now wholly unproductive,^
worse still, are a dead expense in the way of tare
and insurance ; for come what may, these d:i~;
never cease.
So it is plainly shown by these illustrative-, i
what manner Northern prosperity has grown up.
and the stimulants being withdrawn, there is eo &
ficulty in accounting for the downfall. T- r
South has been every thing to the North since tls
Government was established in 1789, giving lfg--
lative bounties in some form, at the expense o;
South, until the separation. While we abhor t
fanaticism of the North, we have been accnsM
to indulge a friendly disposition to the people, 51 •
many of whom we have formed warm petsoua-
friendships which a state of war forbids us tor-
cognise, lest we give aid and comfort to the •
mtes of the South. Shall this prohibition last for
ever ?
Passing to another topic, we would remark *
all sincerity, that since the people of the North hi"
made np their minds to misunderstand the Sou;-
and the great principle of self-preservation i-
free government, for which alone the South ha 1
contended, and is now contending, it is no lour-
possible, and neither party should desire, to c-'
tiuue under the same administration. The gulf rr-
separated Dives from Lazarus is not more imp*-
sible than tbat which now yawns between the bu-
slaveholding States andjthc Southern Con'edewr
and the hairbrained adventurer, who in h:s " '
Ireams, attempts to span the abyss by the br: ; '
of reconciliation, will find bis engineering caf*'
much below the work undertaken, and h:®--
lost in the fathomless depth. Cost what it
to the South, in blood or treasure, whether a "
of six months or of six years, or sixty times
the rapture will never be closed by a restorf-
of former political lies, severed by black Repot-'
can folly iu the election of Lincoln as Preside:.: ■
the United States!
Whenever the North shall make advances'
peace before or after the great battle now aim*
under blaze, or shall withdraw its rmv from 8o -
ern soil, or shall acknowledge the independenc-
the Confederate States, or in some other form &> l
fess its error and stipulate with the South as a
ereign power, then the South will cheerfully » CCf;
the olive branch which it once tendered in T1 "
and will retire from the war. Lntil then her 3"®*
risk of annihilation- '*
will keep the field, at th
are apprised that the leaders of the North have o
similar promises on their part, and can euiy r r
ter by their side this fifed determination of f
South, and leave future events to decide wi
sh-ill prevail.
On frequent occasions while expressing our •
gret at the suicidal policy of the North in their
gressions upon the South, we have admitted un
agreeable things in their favor, which we have * 1
disposition to retract even now that open ho*®
ties are raging; and our surprise has attaine 1
height while reviewing the whole ground, ho**
superiority and all other advantages claim •
the Northern people, that they do not congrats*
themselves upon being purified from ail coB
with the leprous South, and let us endure,
test