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pondence of the Sun.
Letter from “l T p*o» ”
Richmond. August 8.
much regret to me, that
avc occurred to prevent
ig at an earlier day my
it battle at Manassas.—
in the inaruiug after a
i>l not return until one
, hail uothing to eat in
ept a cracker, and alto-
walked thro’ the hot sun
,t least 20 miles. In ad
vent over the battle field
Allowing, when the efflu
the enemy’s dead, m* n >'
imaineJ unhurried, and
of dead horses scattered
s most offensive and sick-
irpiis* «* equalled only
that my attack, though
se. My physician in-
i»s been called to see a
who were present at
But I will not prolong the account.—
Just at this time, Gen. Smith rushed in
with hi6 splendid brigade; Gen.’s Beau
regard and Johnston made a bold dasb at
tbe centre, and Gen. Evans with two :free ■
Regiments from South Carolina did tbe
same ou the right. The earth fair y trem
bled beneath the mighty shock. 1 e en
etny reeled and staggered like a stunned
giant and began to retire
and flounder
among the thickets and hills ; when Heav
en smote him with a panic, that sent him
wailing a»d gnashing his teeth along the
road and through the woods and fields to
wards Washington,—a broken, ruined, and
terrified rabble.
There were not then, nor has there been
since, any noisy rejoicings or unseemly
demonstrations among our troops. They
bore themselves with a modesty character
istic of the brave, and chastened by the
reflection that the victory had cost ns ma
ny of the noblest spirits in all the land.
This was especially observabe in the Sev
enth and Eighth Georgia Regiments, whose
>se illness be can ascribe! manly grief at the loss of their cliivalric
but that of the great i commander and many of their brave com
ical excitement under, r*des was truly touching.
J during the fight. It/ Having procured Dr. Miller's ambu-
ai-concern which every! lance, a party of ns started to look for the
iigiity struggle, no less* body of Col. Bartow. It was a melauclio-
>cial and political inter-' ly search, and extended far into the night.
- ’ 1 ’’ "'be moon was shining however, and af-
rendered every soldier
is heart and nerving his
have no parallel in tbe
story. Every man felt
uis own shoulders the
ested and unless he did
r , victory would never
additional facts and re-
>nal as well as of a gen-
inected with the battle,
is late day, may not be
your readers. I proceed
tion, that the day lias
will never come whilst
in the earth, when any-
be great Battle of Ma-
-ead with pride and avi
dity by tbe sons and daughters of tbe
South. As Marathon is to the Greek, and
the field of Waterloo to the exultant Bri
ton, so will the plains of Manassas be to
us and the unborn generations who shall
corao after us. And long after tbe last
one of the heroes who fought the good
fight shall have been caught up to heaven,
and the angel-women who nursed the
wounded and sick shall have been called
back to the skies, and tbe swelling hearts
and tearful eyes at home that have rend
of the valorous deeds of their brothers on
the field shall have been stilled and closed
forever in death—long after these things
moon
forded sufficient light for our purpose.—
But who can describe the awful sight its
pale beams disclosed to us during the
uight’s rambling among the hills! The
mangled forms, the ghastly wounds, and
gleaming faces of the dead ; t’uc beseech
ing cries of the wounded, the tormeuts and
contortions of the dying—who can depict
them ! The first man I encountered was
a youth of twenty summers who had been
killed by a Minnie ball, which entered the
temple just in front of the car, and passed
out on the other side. It was a monster
ball, and made a hole through which we
could almost see. We next came npon a
great heap of the enemy’s dead, and among
them some wounded who were still alive.
It was here that the gallant Fourth Ala
bama Regiment had covered themselves
with glory. An appeal was made to us
by a wounded man from New York for
water. An Alabamian, also wounded, in
terposed and begged that we would give
the New Yorker water; for, he added,
“when I was shot down, a member of a
N. York Regiment went to the hollow be
low, and filled my canteen with watei,
and brought it to me.” Of course we did
what we could to render the poor fellow as
comfortable as possible
But on we move among tbe dead, turn
ing over first one man.and then another,
shall have come to pass, the poet, the ora- to see whether he be not the one for whom
tor and tli3 historian shall find in Manas-1 we are searching. As this one is turned
sas their most attractive themes, and the over, we discover that ail the lower part of
his face has been carried away by a shell.
philosopher and divine their choicest illus
trations ; while to the great uncorrupted
heart of the People, it will be a perennial
source of chastened pride and never ending
thanksgiving. We may fight as gallant np
on other fields, and the numbers engaged
and slain may be as great or even greater ;
This one lias an arm torn away, that one
a leg, and the one further ou has lost his
entire head. At one place we find a leg,
and nothing else ; at another the scatter
ed fragments of a body. By this branch
we find a poor fellow who, having crawled
and yet Manassas and its heroes will stand j to the water’s edge, drank his fill and died
alone and supreme in onr history, like your | We could see by tbe bloody track that
own Stone Mountain lifting its own gray, another had vainly tried to reach the wa-
sliaft of everlasting granite far above the I ter, but died before he got to it. Near
surrounding bills and plains. It was there! the stream stood a horse one of whose
that we conquered the invader. It was forelegs had been carried away by a can-
there that our Iudependeuce was won ; I non bail. He groaned most piteously,
and it was there that its stable founda-j Meanwhile we learn that Col. Bartow's
tions were laid in cement made of tbe body had been found and carried in by
blood and bones of the bravest of earths another party. So, we fill our ambulance
heroes. j with the wounded and send them into the
The enemy naav-tn«®* rr - --*•
—..o r...posing- numbers, but never witu had been cared for, and we turn our foot-
the same gallantry. His spirit has been • 8 t ep s back to the hospital. Three of us
broken and his pride subdued. He may j who started on foot, finally got lost.—
fill up bis broken ranks and re-collect his Again we traverse the battle field, and
scattered columns; be may even bring again are our ears saluted by the cries and
them upon the field, under a momentary groans of the wounded and dying. At
feeliDg of firmness brought about by length, my companions having encounter-
some galvanic process; but with promptness e d friends who were uncertain whether
and energy on our part, the contest is viiv they would return to the hospital that
tually decided. ! night, I struck out alone into the road
I shall never forget my own feelings leading to Manassas (seven miles distant)
from 3 to 4 o’clock on the day of tbe bat-: aud along which the battle bad raged fu-
tle. As you are already aware, the ene- riously during the latter part of the day.
my by a well conducted feint upon our ex-; I soon camo upon heaps of tlic enemy,
treine left at Stone Bridge, succeeded in- where the dead and wouuded, and torn
throwing the main body of bis forces and mangled horses lay one upon another,
across Bull Run two and a half miles fur- A wounded Irishman from Minnesota saw
ther up at Sudley’s Ford and was moving me by tbe moonlight,'and begged “for the
down upon tmr rear when his movement love of the holy St. Patrick,” that I would
was discoveTed, This compelled us to give him ‘‘so much as a mouthful of wa-
fight him, not upon our original lino, which ter.” It was a great trial. I had been
runs nearly east and west along Bull Run, out since early morning without anything
but upon a new line of tbe enemy’s own to eat but one cracker, and it was four or
choosing, and nearly at right angles to five hundred yards back to the branch ;
the first running almost North aud South, but I remembered wbat the wounded
So weak was our force upon the extreme Alabamian had said, and went and got it
left, and so heavy tfle euemy’s, that the for him. Nay, I should have gone any
Confederates gradually fell back, though way. Having taken off-tlie coat of a dead
disputing every inch of ground, until 3 soldier, and folded it and made a pillow
o’clock when they ceased their retrogade for him, and placed the canteen of water
movement and stood from one end of the within his reach, I bade the poor fellow
line to the other like a wall of rock, to be of good cheer, and left him among
against which the enemy beat and strug- bis dead companions. You may be sure
gled in vain. There were no masked bat- he never ceased to ask the blessing of the
teries or field works on either side, and holy Virgin upon me as long as I could
the field was as new to our men, most of hear him.
whom had but recently arrived and never Further on I encountered a small party,
saw it before, as it was to the adversary, one of whom was an old man whose white
The battle had been raging from 11 o’clock, locks gleamed in the mooulight, and an-
and now extended along a lino of two other was a young women who leant upon
miles, and over an undulating county, in- his arm. What could thev be looking for
terspersed with green fields, thickets and at this late hour and in this dread place?
patches of woods. . Was it for a sou who had fallen in battle,
We all felt that the decided hour had or for the husband of this young wife?—
arrived. We knew too, that an empire As I reached the top of the hill aud turned
great majority of the arms now in the
kan<D of our troops. I mean individually;
collectively the great varieties of calibre
will always be found extremely inconve
nient in arming regiments and bodies,
where ammunition has to be supplied from
factories. This evil however, is very alle-
viable. For military purposes, a gnn
should be strong, and simple, and light;
its ammunition should share the two latter
qualities, aud its rauge ought to be about
350 yards. With onr good marksmen,
tire is effective at that range, but not
enough so to pny beyond. Our sporting
arms, of ordinary qualities, have all the
requisite strength, and are as simple and
light as they can be made-
The rifles only require a suitable ball to
become tbe very best of wbat are popular
ly tempered “Minnie rifles,” and better
than the Minnie muskets, in that they
have usually smaller bores, aud will, hence,
use much lighter ammnnition; and the
balls, though having a less range, will
have a less curved trajectory, (very impor
tant for accurate firing over 200 yards).
Their wounds may not be so fatal as those
of the larger ball, but they will always
disable, aud tbe moral effect, as well as
tbe loss and inconvenience to an army of
a wounded man, two fold as great as that
of a dead one. Tbe wounded man groans,
| wants water, and furnishes an excellent
! excuse for two or thee scared but unhurt
fellows; to take him (and themselves) off
while the dead one is only as if he had
stayed at home.
Make balls at all similar to an explana
tion I will give directly, and our squirrel,
turkey, and deer rifles are all “Minnies,”
with ranges depending on their callibres—
say four hundred yards for the smallest,
and 800 for the largest. With the same
shaped ball, our shot guns aud muskets
are pretty near as good. Don’t make the
ball too heavy, and moderate the change
of powder, aud the gun will not be danger
ously strained at all ; and, generally, the
ball will go point foremost, and couse
quently, as straight and as far as if from
a rifle. It wont always do it, but it will
usually.
In examining the cartridge boxes of tbe
, enemy after the late battle, I found that
! they recognized this fact about smooth
j bores, and their soldiers who were armed
j with smooth bored muskets were supplied
| usually with nearly one-third “ininuie”
balls, for long ranges. And then, with our
double barrels, we can use, besides the
ball, buck shot against infantry at close
ranges; and I’ll warrant that the iufanry
who will stand that don’t grow yet North
of Mason and Dixon’s line. Let any one
try a ball of about this shape for either ri
fle, musket, or shot gun and convince him
self. I caunot give dimensions accurately,
but the explanation will convey an idea of
the outline and proportions which will be
accurate enough.
The ball should be an easy mechanical
“fit” for the gun, should be used without
; hard ramming, and without patching. It
| should he well greased with a mixture of
i two parts tallow to one of wax, and in this
| way it will not foul or lead either rifle or
’shot gun, but it will speedily do both if
fired dry. The grooves around the ball are
not indispensible, and their shape may,
consequently, be varied, but they are
| much better as described. The length ol
j the cylindrical part of the ball should
| about equal tbe diameter. Tbe taper of
this part does not effect the range. To
get a long range with a long rifle increase
the length of the cylindrical part, but
.jpn’t try it with a thin double barrel, or
trembled in the balance, and that tbe
lives, the fortunes^nd the liberties of our
selves, and of generations yet uuborn,
were the mighty stake for which the bloody
handed combatants were playing. Would
a just and righteous God, who loves the | God have mercy upon the young wife, and
right and hates the wrong, give the day I upon tbe sicken hearts throughout all our
back to take a last look at the field, I heard
a woman’s scream far down the road,
which told too plainly for whom they
were searching. » She had fuund him, but
whether dead or wounded, I could not tell.
against us? Who shall say that no pray
er went up that daydfrom the field of bat
tle l That one hour fall of agony and
doubt, seems even now, almost a lifetime.
If the question had been, whether the
spectator should be torn by wild borses,
land whose loved ones now sleep the sleep
of death.
I had desired give you some account
of my visite fo the field ou Wednesday
following the battle, aud of what I then
saw, but must forbear lest your readers be
or made tlie happiest being in the universe, I came weary. If in this letter I have had
his suspense could not have been more
painful aud agonizing.
Half past 3 o’clock arrives, and still the
combat rages, aud still tLe wounded come
pouring hack, some on litters and some
hobbling by tbe side of friends, and still
(which is better than all,) our men stand
as firm as the Blue Ridge, whose lofty sum
mits loom up in the blue distance. An
aid de-camp comes dashing by, and I in
quire of him, what of tbe day ? “God on
ly knows,” is his whispered reply ; and,
adding that the General desired every man,
whether wounded or not, who could bear
an arm, tc fall into lines, he galloped on
to another part of tbe field. Some of
us turned to and rallied tbe slightly
wounded, and those who had been separa
ted from their commands and fought out,
and such spectators as were in reach. We
were soon equipped with the arms of those
who had been disabled, aud felt grateful
for an opportunity to strike one blow for
the holiest of causes, and if need be, to go
dowu in one common wreck with our
to deal a good deal with what I saw aud
felt myself, yon and such of your readers
as know me will not ascribe it to egotism,
but to a desire to present to them, as faith
fully as possible, the great Battle of Ma
nassas is in all its lights and shades.
UPSON.
An Interesting Leller.
The following interesting letter, remarks
the Constitutionalist, which has been han
ded to ns for publication, contains informa
tion of great value at the present time,
and is from the pen of an army officer,
whose experience in the subject matter of
the letter entitles his suggestions to the
highest consideration. We commend the
document to the reader’s attention :
Headquarters 1st Corps
Army of the Potomac.
Manassas Junction, Aug. 2, 1861
Dear Sir :—The subject on which yon
write is one whose full importance will
r'S
The special questions which you ask, T
will answer in their order, but without re
stating the questions. Moulds are like pho
tographs, ate easily multiplied after one
bit is made; so each man ought to have his
pair, (made as light and small as possible;
and the bits kept to let factories have fa
cilities for making all sizes of balls.
As men will not always grease their
anunnnition if it is left to them, and it is
very important, it would be best to furnish
them with made up caitridges, or at least
with greased balls wrapped separately in
paper or cloth. The fit of the halls in
the barrel should be 6nug, not fight. I am
not enough of a mechanic to give any di
rections as to the construction of the
moulds.
There is no danger in using defective
balls, except that the shot will not be so
accurate. For uniformity, the calibre or
bore of all guns should be expressed in
hundredths of an inch. The Harper’s Fer
ry rifle, made previous to 1856 are all 54-
lOOths; of an inch and the common musket
and shot gnu guage “14” are 69 lOOths.
A simple but accurate tin scale might be
easily made which would measure in iiun-
dreths of an inch by simply being dropped
in the muzzle- Alterations from flint to per
cussion for shot guns I think might be atten
ded with danger, in using large loads, of
the nibble blowing out. It is, at least, not
very uncommon with the musket wbicli
lias thicker metal. I know but little about
tbe process, aud would not recommend it
generally. A light bayonet will be a val
uable addition, but only from the coiifi
dence it inspires in its owner, for not one in
ten thousand is ever used. I have seen ac
counts of various adaptations of them to
shot gun, &c, iu the Richmond papers,
but can give now no data. Buckshot
should be made in cartridges, the paper
around them greased, and the intervals
between the shot filled with bran, saw
dust, or bone dust, tightly packed, and a
gun wad above and below the shot. The
cartridge should hold about 12 buck shot,
and may be made separate from the pow
der cartridge, or a blank may be used.—
The efficiency, (absolute,) of guns would
be compared by their power to put halls
in a given target at given distances.
Guns should be assorted for distribution
to troops, according to calibre, in order to
simplify furnishing ammunition. I think
that any ordinary gunsmith could make
the molds suggested, aud very easily and
quickly.
You must excuse this letter written very
hastily, with many interruptions after the
twelve o’clock P. M. of two nights. Ever
sincerely yours, E. P. A.
Making Bullets by Compression.—
The Franklin Review says :
We have been shown a specimen of the
Minnie ball, made by compression, which
is new to us. The process was invented
by Dr. S. P. Hildreth. By this operation
balls are made more speedily and with
equal correctness as by the casting iu
moulds, and it is more economical. The
machine is simple. Slugs are cut from a
bar of sufficient size to make a ball and
pressed into a groove which gives the ball
the shape.
In referring to the demand for lead in
the South, the Little Rock True Democrat
says there are excellent lead mines in
Arkansas, some so rich that hunters have
moulded bullets directly from the ore.—
Sketch of the Life or Ben IcColloigh.
The following sketch of the life of Gen.
Ben McCollough, will be read with inter
est :
Gen. McColloagh was born in Rather
ford county. Ten., in 1814. His father,
Alexander McCollough, was *aid-de camp
to Gen. Coffee, and fought under Gen.
Jackson at the battles of Taliageda, Tal-
lassee and Horseshoe, during the Creek
war. His father emigrated to Georgia
while Ben was very young, and Ben was
kept at school in Tennessee until ho was
14 years old. After this Ben was kept
hunting until he was near twenty one. At
that time the bears were so had in Ten
nessee that tbe settlers could not raise
their hogs. Hunting bears in the cane
required much caution, and if a man’s gun
snapped he lost his breakfast. Young Mc-
.Collough frequently killed asmany as eigh
ty bears duringa season, and never less than
twenty in the course of a winter. This life
gave him a taste for wild adventure; and
when he became of ago he determined to
go on an expedition to the Rocky Moun
tains, and left his home for St. Louis, to
join a company of trappers. He arrived
too late, however, and likewise failed in
joining a company of Santa Fe traders.
He returned home, and soon after call
ed on Colonel David Crockett, who. was
making up an expedition to go to Texas to
take part in the revolution. The whole
southwest at that time was alive with feel
ings of sympathy for the Texans, and men
were daily flocking to their standard.—
Nacogdoches was appointed the place of
rendezvous from which the expedition
was to start, and Christmas of the year
1835 was named for the day of meeting,
when, as “Old Davy” expressed it, they
were to make their Christmas dinner off
the hump of a buffalo. McCollough again
arrived too late, and finding the party
gone he proceeded on to the river Brazos,
where he was taken sick, and, he did not
recover uutil after the fail of the Alamo.—
McCullough's disappointment was very
great at not being able to joiu tbe gallant
band of patriots; but it afterwards proved
very fortunate for him, for Col. Travis,
after having sustained a seige of thirteen
days, with only 180 Texans against Santa
Anna’s army fell with his brave little band,
after having killed 900 of the enemy.
McCollough, on joining the Texau army
under Gen. Sara Houston, was assigned to
the artillery, and made captain of a gun.
He served gallantly at the battle of Sam
Jacinto, where Santa Anna was taken
prisoner, and his army of 1,500 men killed
or taken prisoners. McCollough after
wards settled in Gonzales county, Texas,
and was employed on the frontier survey
ing aud locating lands. He frequently
led the wild border scouts against the In
dians and Mexicans, which service he en
tered before the celebrated Jack Hays.—
lie also distinguished himself at the bat
tie of Plumb Creek in a fight with the In
dians, who at the time burned aud sacked
the town of Linnville. He joined the ex
pedition against Mier, but, not agreeing
with the plans of the leader, he returned
home before the fight, and escaped the
cruel hardships and imprisonment of that
command, which had surrendered to the
perfidious Ampudia.
When the war broke out with Mexico
he rallied a band of Texau warriors on
the bauksof tbe Guadalouqe, and set out
for the seat of war on the Rio Grande,—
The company arrived four days after the
battles ol Pola Alto and the Resaca. His
company was accepted by General Tay
lor, and he was afterwards employed in
AIontery,*Tn l ” wa . rds
of Buena Vista, he won imperishable re-
now'n. He afterwards joined Gen. Scott’s
army, and continued with it to the con
quest of the city of Mexico. For iiis gal
lant services, he was honored with i
national reputation, and the office of U. S.
Marshal of Texas w as given him by Pres
ident Pierce.
Gen. McCollough was married three or
four years since, aud a characteristic story
is told of him when his first child, a boy,
was born, that be insisted, to the great hor
ror of bis young wife, in having the
youngster christioncd “Buffalo Hump,” iu
honor of a particular triend, an old Indi
an chief, ot that unique name.
The General is a thin, spare man, of
great muscle and activity, aud is now about
47 years ol age. He lias a pleasant face,
and is mild aud courteous in his manners,
with an air of diffidence. He is very cool
and of determined bravery.
INFALLIBLE AUTHORITY.
There can be no more severe or scath
ing commentary upon the present usurpa
tions of Mr Lincoln in waging w'ar upon
the South than the debate which occur
red among the framers of the old Constitu
tion, when discussing the nature of the
powers that should be conferred by that
instrument upon the accredited agent of the
States, the general government. This ex
pression of sentiment from so high a source
furnishes, too, the most infallible autliori
ty regarding the contemporary construc
tion placed upon all delegations of power
that have been construed in of giving the
government power to wage war upon any
of the sovereign States who are parties to
the constitutional compact.
In the year 1787, on the 29th of May,
Mi. Randolph appearing as the advocate
of a strong government, very much to the
surprise of some of his more democratic
colleagues, introduced a proposition to
confer upon Congress the dangerous pow
er “to negative all laws passed by the sev
eral States contravening, iu the opinion of
the national legislature, the articles of Un
ion , or any treaty subsisting under the ar
ticles of Union ; and to call for the force
of the Union failing to fulfill its duty un
der the articles thereof.” Mr. Madison
immediately moved to postpone the propo
sition to authorize force, and said : “The
more I reflect on the use of force the more
I doubt the practicability, justice and ef
ficieney of it when applied to a people
collectively. The use of force against a
.State would look more like a declaration
of war than an infliction of punnisbment,
and w'ould be considered a dissolution of
the previous compacts by which it might
be bound.”
Mr. Mason said : “The most jarring ele
ments of nature, fire, and water, them
selves are not more incompatible thau
such a mixture af civil liberty and milita
ry execution. Will tbe militia march
from one State te another for the purpose ?
Will not tbe citizens of invaded States
assist one another, till they rise as one
man, and shake off the hated Union alto
gether.?”
Mr. Elsworth from New Englaud, said :
“No doubt a coercive principle is neces
sary for the Union, but it is a question
whether it 6ball be a coercion of law or a
coercion of arms. Where will those who
are iu favor of coercion of arms come
out ? A neeessarv eonsemienee of their
Hamilton said : It has been observed
to coerce States was one of tbe wildest
projects that has ever been devised. A
falinre of compliance with the laws of tbe
Union will never be confined to a single
State. This being the case, would it be
wise to hazard civil war ? Suppose Mas
sachusetts, or any large State, should re
fuse, and Congress should attempt to com
pel, would they not have influence to
procure assistance from those States that
are in the same situation with themselves?
What picture does this idea present to
view? We should have a nation at war
with itself. Can any reasonable man be
well disposed toward a government which
makes war ami carnage the means of sup
porting itself ?”
We now have the result of an effort to
carry out the coercive proposition of Mr.
Randolph, which was rejected at the time
of its being offered by an overwhelming
majority. The “mixture of civil liberty
and military execution,” referred to by Mr.
Mason, has been tried by tbe abolition
usurper and resulted in the prophesied
calamity of “a nation at war with itself.”
When an impartial history of this con
flict shall be written, and the acts of the
Lincoln dynasty shall be properly scrutin
ized by criticism, tbe world will stand
aghast at tbe extent of that blind fatuity
that could have induced the grossest per
jury in the violation of an official oath by
the President, notwithstanding the lights
designed to guide his judgment, were as
palpable and unclouded asasunbeam.
Peace meetings in Connecticut.
Several meetings of those favorable to
peace have lately been held in Connecti
cut. Among a number of resolutions ad
opted at Stonington were the following :
Resolved, That this Union formed by
the consent of the several States, and foun
ded on the good will of the people, can-
uot be preserved by the bayonet and
sword of tbe soldiers, or of a military des
potism, and that tlie result of a continued
civil war can only be tlie permanent dis
solution of a Union which, while constitu
tionally anministered and respected, lias
made us tbe most prosperous of all uatious,
and would continue to do so and be a bless
ing to our people, if preserved according
to tlie true spirit and intent.
Resolved, That we charge, first of all,
as the primary cause of tbe present civil
war, with all its sacrifice of valuable lives,
its lavish waste oi money upon partisan
army contractors and speculators, and the
deadly blow it lias stricken at our proper
ty ; the cry of anguish from the bereaved
wife and mother, the ruin and bankruptcy
upon thousands of our citizens—upon those
agitators in the Northern States who,
through the press and popular assemblages,
and from prostituted pulpits, have exerted
themselves to educate a generation to bate
tbe Soutb, and who are to-day gloaming
over the spectacle of their fellow citizens
bounded on to slaughter in a contest
which they delight to witness, but are too
cowardly to engage—that these men have
furnished fuel to the fire of secession at
tlie South, until both are now engaged in
tbe unholy work of consuming the Union,
and that upon the beads oi the anti slave
ry fanatics and demagogues of the North,
who have played into the hands of the
wicked men at tlie North, must rest the
crime of civil war, bloodsded and treason
against the liberties of tbe people and the
Union of the States.
Resolved, That the suppressionjof the writ
of habeas corpus through the order of the
President ; the seizure of respectful peti
tions for a peaceful settlement of our diffi-
• *’ y“-Lajvful increase of the stand
ing army ; the stoppage anu destruction oi
newspaper presses unfriendly to the war
policy of the Administration , the syste
matic and cunningly devised scheme to
stop free speech by calling any man a trait
or and secessionist who expresses a doubt as
to the necessity and tbe wisdom of this un
holy and God abhorred war, meet our sever
est condemnation, and cannot be submit
ted to without protest by a people calling
themselves free, without a total overthrow
and subversion of our Republican institu
tions and an establishment of a military
or imperial despotism in their stead.
Financial Storm Brewing al tbe North.
The New York Herald of Wednesday,
the 14th instant, in an editorial upon the
backwardness ot the New York and Phila
delphia tanks in taking their share of the
Government loan, says
The exigencies of the moment are such
that it ieaves the financial officer of the
Government but one alternative, and that
the resort to the Napoleonic or people’s
loan. 'The bare announcement of that
policy will create a panic such as has nev
er taken place in this or any other coun
try. The parties to whom the two bun
and fifty millions now in the savings banks
belong, will no longer hesitate when ’they
can increase their interest from five to
seven and tliroe-fourtbs per cent.— the for
mer doubtful, and tlie latter the very best
of securities—but will forthwith demand
their money. The result of this univer
sal demand is better imagined than des
cribed. Our savings banks loan tlie mon
ey which they receive on mortgages npon
the real estate and the purchase of first
class stocks and bonds ; it is in this way
that they are able to pay their depositors
interest.
Let this money be demanded, and those
mortgages, stocks and bonds will have to
be thrown upon the market to obtain mon
ey to pay the depsitors. The class of de
positors are such that, at the first symp
toms of a crisis, even if they do not wish
to purchase Treasury notes, they will
forthwith call for their deposits, aud the
result will be the same. The failure of
the savings banks will carry w-itii all other
banking institutions, aud will go down
together in the crash.
We repeat it, the financial affairs of the
country never stood in as critical position
as they do to-day. Thirty days from
this may see the banks and financial firms
tumbling in every direction. The Wall-
street philosophers may however, in view
6f the action of the Boston bankers, re
verse their decision, and decide to furnish
the money even at the Congressional fig
ures. Should they decide npon that
course, we may escape the storm that is
now pending; if not, look out for breakers.
Bennett Appreciated.—The London Morning Star
gives the New York Herald the following compli
mentary notice :
“Of course we exclude from either classifications,
a paper which no political party tcould be mad or
wicked enough to acknowledge as its representative,
but which appears now to find a sordid advantage
in the travestie of every public opinion or senti
ment—as formerly iu the grossuess of its assaults
on private character. The New York Herald 13 a
‘seusation’journal. It lives by the creation of sur
prises. As the perfection of the telegraphic system
in the United States, and the copartnership in news
established by the press of that city, allows but a
small latitude for individual distinction in tbe msn-
ufactnre of intelligence—it manufactures political
thunder and lightning. * * * The Herald excels in
la M BMpadtaf Ilka
Section 1. The Congress af the Confederate
States of America do enact, That whenever there
shall be declared war ..between tbe Confederate
States and any foreign nation or Government, or
any invasion or predatory-incursion shall be perpe
trated, attempted or threatened against tbe territo
ry of the Confederate States by any foreign nation
or government, and the President of tbe Confeder
ate States shall make public proclamation of tbe
event, or the same shall be proclaimed by Act of
Congress, all natives,,citizens, denizens, or sub
jects of the hostile nation or government, being
males of fourteen years of age and upwards, who
shall be within the Confederate States, and not cit
izens thereof, shall be liable to be apprehended,
restrained or secured, and removed as alien ene
mies : Provided. That during the existing war cit
izens of the United States residing within the Con
federate States, with intent to become citizens
thereof, and who shall make a declaration of such
intention in due form, and acknowledging the au
thority of the government ofthe same, shall not be
come liable as aforesaid, nor shall the Act extend
to citizens of the States of Delaware, hlarylaod,
Kentucky, Missouri, and the District of Columbia,
and the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico,
and the Indian Territories South of Kansas who
shall not be chargeable with actual hostility or
other crime, against the public safety, and* who
shall acknowledge the authority of the Government
of the Confederate States.
Sec. 2. The President of the Confederate States
shall be, and he is hereby authorized by his proc
lamation or other public act, in case of existing or
declared war, as aforesaid, to provide for the re
moval of those who, not being being permitted to
reside within the Confederate States, shall refuse
or neglect to depart therefrom ; and to establish
such regulations in the premises as the public safe
ty may require.
Sec. 3. Immediately after the passage of this
Act, the President of the Confederate States shall,
by proclamation, require all citizens of the United
States, being males of fourteen years and upwards,
within the Confederate States, and acknowledging
the authority of the same, and not being citizens
ot the Confederate States, nor within the proviso
of the first section of this act, to depart from the
Confederate States within forty days from the date
of such proclamation; and such persons remaining
within the Confederate States after that time shall
become liable to be treated as alien enemies; aud
in all cases of declared war, as aforesaid, alien res
idents within the Confederate States, who shall be
come liable as enemies aforesaid, and who shall not
be chargeable with actual hostility or other crime
against the public safety, shall be allowed the time
for the disposition of their effects, and for depar
ture, which may be stipulated by any treaty with
such hostile nation or government; aud when no
such treaty may exist, the President shall prescribe
such time as may be consistent with the public
satetv, and accord with the dictates, of humanity
and national hospitality.
Sec. 4. After any declared way, or proclama
tion as aforesaid, it shall be the duty of tne several
Courts of the Confederate States, and of each State
having criminal jurisdiction and of tlie several
Judges and Justices of the Courts of the Confed
erate States, and they are hereby authorized, upou
complaiutagainstany alien or alien enemy, as alore-
said.or person coming within the purview of this
act, who shall be resident, or remaining in the
Confederate States, or at least within the jurisdic
tion of such Judge, or Court, as aforesaid, contra
ry to the intent ot this Act, and of the proclamation
of the President of the Confederate States, or the
regulations prescribed by him in pursuance of this
Act, to cause such alienor aliens, person or per
sons, as aforesaid, to be duly apprehended aud con
veyed before such Court, Judge or Justice, for ex
amination and hearing on such complaint ;and suf
ficient cause therefor appearing, shaii or may or
der such alien or aliens, person or persons, to be re
moved out of the territory of the Confederate States,
or to be otherwise dealt with or restrained coniform
ably to the intent of this Act, and the proclama
tions or regulations which may be prescribed as
aforesaid, and may, in person or otherwise, secure
such alien person until the order which shall be
made shall be performed.
Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the Marshal of the
District in which any alien enemy, or person of
fending against the provisions of this Act, shall be
apprehended by the President of the Confederate
States, or by order of any Court, Judge or Justice,
as aforesaid, aud shall be required to depart and
to be removed, as aforesaid, to execute such order,
by himseif or deputy, or other discreet person, and
tor such execution the Marshal shall have the war
rant of the Court, or Judge, as the case may be.
PROCLAMATION BY THE PRESIDENT.
Whereas. The Congress of the Confederate
States of America did, by an Act approved on the
8th day of August, 1861, entitled “An Act respect
ing Alien Enemies,” make provision that procla
mation should be issued by the President in rela
tion to alien enemies, and in conformity to the pro
visions of said Act:
_ Now, therefore, I, JEFFERSON DAVIS, Presi-
sue this, my Proclamation ; and 1 do hereby warn
u ti n rm • iv 11--_* a a *,\i—t* * n In. • ■ M rt .. .. g 4 k A T o ,
CONSTITUTION RATIFIED.
We publish to-day the Proclamation of the Got
ernor, and the official vote of the severa!|connti ej
showing that the revised Constitution has been
ratified by a majority of 795 votes.
STATE CONVENTION.
We notice that by general consent, the Conven
tion to nominate a canidate for Governor, and Pres : -
dential Electors, is postponed until Wednesday
11th September. It will be held at the Capitol in
Milledgeville. We make this announcement
merely for public information.
DOUBTFUL POLICY.
We do not expect every public man to deny him
self and to make the sacrifices, of which" Gen
Washington was an example, to serve his coun
try. It is a historical fact that he refused to accept anv
salary or compensation either as chief of the Army
daring the Revolution, or as President ofthe Uni
ted States. All that he required, or permitted, was
that his actual expenses should be paid out of the
public Treasury.
All our Presidents and Generals have not the
wealth of the Father of his country, to enable them
to give their time to tbe public without a pecunia;
ry reward. But there is a principle involved touch
ing character, the force of which Gen. Washington
well understood. He rejected all presents of '’val
ue, aud when Virginia offered him certain scrip
in some work of internal improvement after he re
tired from public life, he declined to receive it as a
gratuity, alleging that in no instance would he de
part from a uniform rule which he had prescribed
to himself.
We have been induced to make these observa
tions on reading, in the Mercury, the proposal ot
“A Daughter of Carolina,” that each lady in the
State should contribute one dollar as a testimonial
to Gen. Beauregard, the whole sum to be presented
by the Governor, or invested in Confederate bonds
for his acceptance, as it is alleged that Gen. B.“ii
not blessed with a great portion of this world's com
forts and riches.”
It has been customary in Europe for large sums
to be voted to victorious Generals, as in the case
of the Dukes ot Marlborough and Wellington.—
Magnificent town and country seats have been pur
chased for them, and their statues erected in the
most public places, to commemorate their deeds.
But we think the kind offer of the patriotic daugh
ter of South Carolina is the most remarkable in
stance of bad taste that we have seen in that quar
ter. The greatness of Gen. Beauregard can never
be diminished by his poverty ; but the donation
might impair the lustre of his fame by mixing pa
triotism and money together, two elements widen
can rarely exist in equilibrium, where moral gran-
daer is the prize. We hope that no further action
will be had in this pecuniary testimonial to Gen.
Beauregard. The Southern cause and the South
ern character should rise above such ideas of con
venience.
VERY TRANSPARENT!
In the Atlanta Int»lligcncer of 22d inst., we fiuii
the following communication:
A DANGEROVS ANTI-SOUTHERN POLITICAL ORG.15-
ZATIOX IX GEORGIA
AtJanta Intelligencer: There is reason
of the age of fourteen years and upwards, now ganization” party in Georgia. The members^
rius mysterious band are known as the “0. A S*
1 nev 1 1 —*
£0tt%rn lecariter.
MILLED GJEVILLE:
TUESDAY, AUGUST 27,1861.
within the Confederate States, and adhering to the
Government of the United States, and acknowledg
ing the authority ot the same, anil not being a ci7-
izen of the Confederate States, to depart from the
Confederate States within forty days from the date
of this Proclamation. And I do warn all persons
above described who shall remain within the Con
federate States, after the expiration of said period
of forty days, that they will be treated as alien en-
emies; Provided, however, that this Proclamation
snail not be considered as applicable, daring the
existing war, to citizens ofthe United States resid
ing within the Confederate States, with intent to
become citizens thereof, and who shall make a dec- o ^
laration of such intention in due form, acknowledg- j tion » ^ Lincoln partv exists in Geor/-/
in" tne authority of this Government; nor shall
this Proclamation he considered as extending, to
the citizens ofthe States of Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Missouri, the District of Columbia, the
Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, and the
Indian Territory south of Kansas, who shall not be
chargeable with actual hostility or other crime
against the public safety, and who shall acknowl
edge the authority of the Government of the Con
federate States.
And I do further proclaim and make known,
that I have established the rules and regulations
hereto annexed in accordance with the provisions
of said law.
Given under my hand, and the seal of the Con
federate States of America at the city of Richmond,
on the 14th day of August, A. D. 1861.
By the President.
[seal.] JEFFERSON DAVIS.
R. M. T. Hunter, Sec’y of State.
REGULATIONS RESPECTING ALIEN ENEMIES.
The following regulations are hereby establish-
respecting alien enemies under the provisions of an
Act approved 8th August, entitled “Au Act res
pecting alien enemies:
1. Immediately after the expiration of forty days
from the date of the foregoing proclamation, it shall
be the duty of the several District Attornics, Mar
shals, aud other officers of the Conefderate States)
to make complaints against any aliens or alien eiy
emies coming within the purview of the act afore
said, to the end that the several Court3 of the Con
federate States, and of each State having jurisdic
tion, may order the removal of such aliens or alien
enemies beyond the territory of the Confedeiate
States, or their restraint and confinement, accord
ing to the terms of said law.
2. The Marshals of the Confederate States are
hereby directed to apprehend all aliens against
whom complaint may be made under said law/and
to hold them in strict custody until the final^rder
of the Court, taking special care that such aliens
obtain no information that could possibly bdmade
useful to the enemy.
3. Whenever the removal of any alien Jeyond
the limits of the Confederate States is ordired by
any competent authority, under the provjiioiis of
the said law, the Marshal shall proceed taexeente
the order in person, or by deputy, or othefdiscreet
person, in such manner as to prevent the llien so
removed from obtaining any information tint could
be used to the prejudice of the Confederates tales.
4. Any alien who shall return to these States
during the war, after having been remove? there
from under the provisions of said law, sli.ll be re
garded and treated as an alien enemy, an/, if made
prisoner, shall be at once delivered over tfthe near
est military authority, to be dealt with i a spy or
as a prisoner of war, as the case may require.
They know each otW by an extraordinary sv»
pathy and it is said occupy potions in everv part
ot the Government, from tin most elevated to the
most humble. I will continue my researches am!
report from time to time. SECESSIONIST
This trick is too shallow to deceive anv one.
The object is to kindle excitement, and to "bring oa
the State the distraction and turmoil of partv strife
for the benefit of office We are not dis
posed to cater to aj*r‘ svc ^ 1 diseased appetite. Un
less the wri^ w ho alleges tbat a “Re-organiza-
. “an sup
port the charge, we shaii regard it as a contempt
ible device to carry ont a sinister motive. A “re
organization"’ party indeed any wherein the South,
and that too in the face of a war of despotism and
plunder wiihotit a parallel in Christendom! As
well might the term traitor be applied to any citi
zen of Georgia. We demand the proof.
Snch an article as that in the Intelligencer will
delight the Northern journals, who will herald it
in every direction as evidence of a Union spirit
still parting for utterance in the South. This will
greatly aid the Hessian cause, in encouraging the
hope of conquest by division among ourselves, and
to this extent it is really affording “aid and com
fort to the enemy,” for the severe punishment ot
which our laws are not wholly silent.
Clothing for the Soldiers.-jUI who can
do so should, at the earliest possible <ay, make up
something like the following, for the! friends and
relatives, omitting such, of course, asjhave hereto
fore been furnished :
Two pair of pants of heavy brown'or grey mix
ed jeans, lined, if thought advisable, fith domestic.
One roundabout, or army jacket, 4 same ma
terial, lined throughout, with side hd vest pock
ets. It should be long enough to jo me some fonr
inches below the waistband of the mats, and large
enongh to be worn over the vest t outside shirt.
One heavy vest of jeans, linsey ft kersey.
One overshirt, of some woolen fit mixed goods.
One or two pair of drawers, as Ley may require.
Two pair of heavy woolen sods.
One good blanket—lined is airisable.
An overcoat, or a loose sackroat; or hunting
shirt with belt.
Cotton Socks for the Amy.—A local cor
respondent of the Nashville Upon, who says he
has worn in Winter for fiveydurs, a coarse cotton
sock, pronounces it for coxfosT warmth and «<*>»>-
NORTHERN GRATITUDE!
The following paragraph is copied from the Au
gusta Chronicle A Sentinel:
A Secessionist Loses a Legact.—Henry
King a wealthy resident of Allentown, Pa-, died*
few weeks since, leaving an estate valued at J30 1 '.
090. He died childless. He was a brother otT-
Butler King, om ofthe Commissioners of the Con
federate States, now in Europe. Mr. King ban
made a will leaving half of his property to his
wife and the other half to his brother: but a few
weeks before his death, exasperated at :lie seces
sion sentiments of his brother, he made a new will,
leaving most of his property to his wife, and the
remainder to charitable purposes.
Without denying to any testator the right to
dispose of his property according to his own taste
or sense of duty, we think it is not very creditable
to the memory of Mr. Henry King, that he should
disinherit his brother simply because he was*
Southerner, w hen the fact is, that Henry Kin?
made Lis entire fortune by marriage with »
Georgia lady. By referring to Dawson’s Corn?*'
lation, p. 326, it will be seen that the Legislature
passed an act on 23d December 1825, reciting that
Henry King was the holder of 525 audited certifi
cates, bearing date at various periods from 1784 to
1790, and issued to different persons, amounting i®
all to about seven thoosand pounds, which kad in
come barred in law for the want of renewal by the
Comptroller.
In consideration, however, “that the said Henri
King is a citizen of Pennsylvania, and did not
know until lately that such claims required renew
al by the Comptroller under the laws of this State,
it is enacted, “That the comptroller general he>
and he is hereby authorised and required to renew
the said certificates, for the use and in the namo
of the said Henry King, and at any time within
three months after the passing of this act, npfi®
the original certificates being given up to be cafi'
celled before the renewal thereof.
Here is a plain story. The State of Georgia was
released by the omission of Mr. King to renew the
certificates, but generously paid him $35,000 rath*
er than have the justice of the State questioned.^
The interest on this sum from 1825, for thirty-fi*®
years, at seven per cent, amounts to $85,750’
which added to the principal makes the neat fitfl®
sum of $120,750. No wonder that in the mean fin*
Mr. King, by speculation and investments ***
of $300,000. all based up-
r entertained by the
ow made the pretext®?
honorable citizen, the
■I testator who revoked
use he eras “exasper*^
his brother. '