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VOLUME XLYII. MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1866J NUMBER 15. Iv. M . O R M E & SON EDITORS AMD PROPRIETORS. Terms -$-3 per annum, io Advance. TRANSIENT AD VEKTISIKK. Per square often lines,each insertion, LEttAl. ADVERTISING. Ordinary's.—Citations for Letters of Ad- m ini*trfi?ion, by Administrators, Executors, (Jasrdians, Ac Api)lication.for Letters of Dismission from administration Application for Letters of Dismission from Guardianship Application for leave to sell Land Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 00 Sales of personal or perishable property, pt , square of Unlines •— 1 Sales of Land, per square of ten lines —. 4 Sheriff's.—Each levy of ten lines. or less, 2 Mortgage sales of ten lines, or less 5 Aii advertisements of sales by Sheriffs exceeding ten lines, will be charged in pro- portion. Tax Collector’s sales, per square Cier'a's-—Foreclosure of Mortgage and other monthly advertisements, $,1 00 per square of ten lines tor each insertion. p„ r i man advertising his wife, in adcance, 20 00 Tributes ot Respect, Resolutions by So cieties, Obituaries, &c., exceeding sir lines, , 0 charged as transient advertising. ,sa:es of Laud, by Administrators, Ex ecuois or Guardians, are required by law to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, be twe^n the hours of ten in the forenoon and three ia the afternoon,at the Court-house iu the county in which the property is situated. Notice of those sales must be given in a public razotfe 10 days previous to the day of sale. Notices for the sale of personal property most be divert in like manner 10 days previous to sale day. 00 5 00 3 00 5 00 5 00 PUBLIC LAWS. An Act to allcw Attorneys and Solicitors cf this State to argue their causes in the Supreme Court of Georgia, by written argument, and for other Gog, not being .at tho time on the premises An Act to make the owners and possessors of mis chievous dogs, or persons having charge of tho same, liable for damages, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. Be it enacted, fyc., Thai if any REVISED r*V THE SOUTHERN RECORDER. 2d Monday SUPERIOR COURTS. JANUARY. JULY 3d Monday, Floyd . AUGUST. lslMouday, Lumpkin Folk 2d Monday, Dawson Clark Paulding 3.1 Monday, Campbell Forayth Glascock , Chatham Fioyd FEBRUARY. lst.Vtond«y,Clark Polk Lumpkin 2d Monday, Dawson Paulding Id Monday, Campbell Forsyth purposes Sec. 1, Be it mated by the General As sembly off (he St ate.off Georgia, That Attor- neys and .Solicitors, who have or may have causes pending in the Supreme Court of this State, may argue the same in writing, ■hereinafter set forth. Sec. 2. That when any Attorney or Solicitor shall from any cause, desire to make his argument in writing, he shall piepare the came, and address the pack age containing it to the Clerk of the £>u- preir.e Court of Georgia, which said writ ten argument shall be filed in the Clerk’s cilice of said Court by or before the com mencement of the terra to which it is made returnable, snd it shall be the duty of said Clerk, when the cause 16 sounded, to furnish the Court whh said argument, which argument it shall be the duty of the Court to read, or cause the same to be done. See. 3. It shall ha the duty of the At torney or Solicitor for the plaintiff in er ror when forwarding his argument in writ ing, to furnish a sum sufficient to pay the costs of said suit, and in default thereof, his cause shall be liable to be dismissed. of the owner, possessor or person having charge thereof, shall kill or injure any hogs, cattle, sheep, goats or other live stock, the property of any other person, then and in such cake, the owner or per son possessing or having such dog in charge shall be liable to be sued in’‘any Court having jurisdiction thereof, for such damages as may have been sustained by the killing or maiming of any hogs, cattle, sheep, goats or other live stock so killed or injured, and full costs of suit. Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 15th February 1866. Glascock Houston Houston Meriwether Meriarellie r W a lton Walton 4th Monday .Baldwin 4 hMonday, Baldwin J ackson J seksou Monroe Mou roe Taliaferro Taliaferro Th’aday before, I list Monday, Walker Th’sday afi’r, Pierce 1st Monday in > Pierce September, j SEPTEMBER. M ARC H. 18 iMouday, Appling lit Monday, Appling Chattooga Chattcoga Cherokee Cherokee Columbia Coweta Coweta Columbia Crawford Crawford Madison G wiiffielt Marion Madison Morgan M arion 2d Motiday .Butts Morgan Bartow 2d Monday .Butts Coffee Bartow Elbert Coffee F uyerte Elbert Greeue Fayette Gwinne 11 Greene Pickens Tickens Washington Washington Webster Webster 3d Monday Cobb Thursdavaft’r Montgomery Calhoun 3d Monday, Cobb Calhoun Hall Hart Hall Heard Hart Macon Heard Newion Macon Talbot Newton Ware Talbot 4tliMonday, Clinch Tattnall Chattahooche* Ware Johnson Friday after,Bulloch Lee 4th Monday,Ciincli Mitton Chattahooche e Putnam Johnson Twigg* Lee Wilkes Sec. 4. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 19th February, 1S6G. An Act to authorize and empower the Judges o* the Superior Courts of this State to hold Special Terms for the trial ol criminals, and for other purposes. Be it enacted, That from and after the passage of this Act the several Judges of the Superior Courts of this State be, and they are hereby authorized to bold Special Terms for the trial of criminals in aDy couDty of their Circuits at discretion, and to compel the attendance of Grand and! Petit Jurors, either of a previous term or to draw new Jurors for the same, accord ing to the laws now in force. Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting law's. Approved 5th February, 1866. An Act to change the time when the Justices of the Inferior Court must draw Juries for the Su. peiior Courts, and to legalize the holding of cer tain Superior Courts. Sec. WBe it. enacted by the General Assembly,, that hereafter when any Inferior Court shall, in accordance with the pro-, visions of the Code, draw Juries for the Superior Courts, said drawing and Juries shall be legal if done in time to perfeet service on said Jurors, and the require ments of the law are, iu all other essential rejects, complied with. Sec. 2. That any Superior Courts which may have been held with Jnrors drawn by the Inferior Courts in less time lhau sixty days before the term of said Courts, are hereby, in all their acts, declared legal and valid. Approved 5lh February, 1866. An Act to perfect service against Express Com panies. Sec. 1. Be it enacted, That from and after the passage of this act. service may be perfected in any suit at law or proceed ing in equity upon any express com pany, whose chief officer does not reside within the State, by leaving the hill, subpeetia, writ, attachment, or other original process necessary to commence the same, at any of tho offices of auy Express Company doiug business iu this State, or by serving the same upon any agent of said company within this State, and that judgment or decrees ob tained in cases so commenced shall bind the property of said defendant as fully as though service had been effected on the President or other chief officer. Sec. 2. Be it ffurther enacted. That when the chief officer of any Express Company shall reside in this State, it shall be the duty of such Company to post iu a public and conspicuous place at each office where it transacts business, the name of its President or other chief officer on whom service can be perfected in this } State,'otherwise service made as provided j for in the 1st Section of this act shall be deemed sufficient and proper service. Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 23d February, 1866. An Act to legalize the acts of John C. Wells, and ail other parsons in this Stats acting as Ordina ries UDder commission from His Excellency James Johnson, Provisional Governor. Sec. 1, Be it enacted by the Senate and House off Representatives off the State off Georgia and it is hereby enacted by authori ty off the same, That the official acts of John C. Wells, and all other persons in this State acting as Ordinaries under com mission from His Excellency, James John son, Provisional Governor of Georgia, be and the same are hereby made as valid and binding on parties as though tho said Or dinaries had been duly elected aud quali fied in accordance with the laws of this State. Approved 16th February, 1S66. , t Emniihar* ) ° APRIL. 1st Monday, Carroll Dooly Einanne 1 Early F ul-ton Gordon Pike Taylor Warren Wilkinson Banks 2d Monday, Hancock F rankl in Richmond Harris Laureus Miller Sumter Tursdayafler .Mclntos li 3d Mot;Jay . Glynn Habersham Haraleon Henry J ones Liberty Murray Oglethorpe Pulaski Stewart Worth Ith Monday,Wayne Bryan Rabun Decatr.r DeKalb J asper Lincoln Schley Whitfield Wilcox Friday after,Telfair Camden ”nor»l»y after.Irwin Monday “ Berrien “ White “ Charlton MAY. Monday .Clayton Randolph Scriveu . Upson -a Monday. Catoosa Chatham Giiiner Jefferson Mitchell Muscogee. Tln’dy after Fannin *d Mondav,Baker ‘ Bil.h Burke Quiiman Snalding Troup Union Thursday aft.^owns Mh Monday, Dade . Terrell Monday,Colquitt JUNE. •t Monday, Dougherty . , Lowndes Mouday. Brooks ,. 4 Clay *<* Monday, Thomas ay, * Echol a Milton last Monday, Walker Putnam Monday a I Twiggs the 4th Wilkes Monday OCTOBER. 1 s t Monday, Carroll Dooly Early Emanuel Fnlton Gordon Taylor Warren Wilkinson Pike Banks 2d Monday, Gilmer Franklin Hancock Harris Laurens Miller Richmond Sumter Ths’Jy after Fannin 3d Monday, Glynn Habersham Haralaon Henry J ones Murray Oglethorpe P u la ski Stewart Union Worth Thnriday ? Montgomery after ) Towns 4 tli Mondv.Decatu r DeKalb Jasper Lincoln Rabun Schley Tattnall W avne Whitfield Wilcox Friday after Telfair Bulloch, Camden Thursday a Tier,Irwin Mondayafrer, Berrien Monday “ Charlton “ White NOVEMBER. 1st Monday,Clayton 2d Monday j after 4tb" / EflingliatnJ Mond. Oct. J Randolph Scriven Up»on 2d Monday, Catoosa Jefferson Mitchell Mnscogee 3d Monday.Baker Bibb Burke Quinnan Spalding Troup 4tii Monday Dade Terrell Thursday aft.McIntosh Monday after Colquitt do Ho Liberty MouJav aft. Liberiy,3rynh DECEMBER. 1st Monday, Dougherty Lowndes 2d Monday, Brooks Clay 3d Monday. Thumts An Act to exempt Professors of Colleges and Teachers of Public or Comity Schools from road and Jury duty. Sec. 1. The General Assembly off the State off Georgia do enact, That .ill Profes sors of any College, or, Teacher of any County or Public School, in this State, are hereby exempted fiom all road aud Jury duty, so long as they are engaged in teach ing. r Sec. 2. Be it ffurther enacted, Th.it this act shall take oflect from aud immediately after its passage. Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 23d February, 1S66. An Act to repeal an act entitled an act to increase the per diem pay of Teachers entitled to the benefit of the Poor School fund of this State, as sented to, 3d March 1855, and for other pur poses. Sec. 1. The General . Assembly off the State off Georgia,<do enact, That from and immediately after the passage of this act, that the above recited act be, and the same is hereby repealed. Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved, 21st February, 1866. Not*—The Act of 3d March 1865, authorized Educational Beards of the several counties in this State, to allow the Teachers of children entitled to the benefits of the poor school fund, the same per diem pay for teaching said children, as is charged by them for teaching other children, pursuing sim ilar branches of study; Provided, said charge shall not exceed seventy-live cents per day. The Ant of December 14th, 1863, is in almost the same words, but with the proviso, that said charge shall not exceed sixteen cents per day. An Act relative to Bonds of Trustees. Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General As scmbly off the State of Georgia, That all bonds given by Trustees shall be made payable to the Ordinary of the County, where the Judge requiring said boud shall determine, aud that such Ordinary shall act iu relation to taking such bond aud receiving security, as said Judge may di rect. Approved 24tb February, 1866. An Act allowing the redemption of lands forfeited or sold tor Taxes due the State or any County or City thereof, by paying the Taxes of each, aud the legal rate ot interest per ananm thereon, to gether with costs which may have accrued. Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House off Representatives off the State of Georgia in General Assembly convened That all persons owning lands in this State, who are in arrears for taxes thereon, for the last six years, shall be allowed to re deem the same by paying the taxes there* on assessed for State, County and City purposes, for each year, and the legal in terest thereon, from the time when payable to the date of payment, together with all costs which may have accrued. The tax for eaeb year shall bo estimated at the same rate as was imposed ou the same lands in the year 1S60, Sec. 2. The provisions of this act shall apply to all cases of taxes io arrear whetli- er the lands have been forfeited or have been sold and purchased by the State, ami hare not passed into the hands of third partiei, but shall not apply to taxes that may hereafter become doe. And all pro-* visions of any act err law contravening the provisions of this act, are hereby suspend ed for the period of eighteen' months, and no longer, after which period, all acts and laws suspended by this act shall he re vived. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from and after if 4 passage i and itis hereby made the duty’oFthe Secretary of State to send a printed" copy of this act to the Governors of the several States of the Union. Approved 24tb February, 1SGG. An Act to authorize the appointment of Vendue Masters in the several incorporated Towns and Cities of tliis State. Sec. 1. Be it enacted, That from and af ter the passage of this act, any citizeu of Georgia shall have tho right to ex ercise all the privileges, powers and functions of a Vendue Master or Auc tioneer iu any city or town in this State, by paying such license and giving such bond as may be demanded or required by the by-laws, mles or ordinances of the town or city in which said person may wish to exercise the calling of a Vondue Master or Auctioneer, any usage or custom to the contrary notwithstanding. Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 21st February, 1866. An Act to extend the time in relation to issuing grants on Head Rights so as to extend the time for granting the same until the 25tli day of De cember, 1868, and to authorize the Secretary of State to issue grants to all Surveys now in office. Sec 1. Be it enarAed by the Senate and House off' Representatives of (he S'ate off Georgia in General Assembly n\tt, and it is hereby enacted by the author ity off the same, That the time for granting lauds surveyed ou Head Rights, be extended to the 25th day of December, 1868. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by theQH;. thority aforesaid, That the Secretary of State be authorized to issue grants to all Surveys now in office that have not keen granted. Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 21st February, 1866. An Act to declare valid ail official acts of the civil officers, (both principals and deputies,j of .this Slate, whether said officers have been pardoned by the President of the United States or not. Sec • 1. The General Afscyibly off the State of Georgia do enact, That all official acts heretofore done and performed, or which hereafter may be done aud perform ed by any qivri officer of this Stale, .-either principal or deputy, shall not be declared, invalid on.accouut- ofanid officers upt hav ing received a pardon from the. President of the United States, but said . act* are hereby , declared to be Jugal to all, intents 1 and purposes. Sue. 2. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved 21st February, .\866.. From the Metropolitan Record. Cation Colinre in fbe South. It* Past History and Future Prospects— Statistics off Past and Estimates of Fu ture Crops—Protection to New England Manufacturers—Fearful Mortality among the Emancipated Negroes— While Labor in the Cultivation of Cotton. To the Editor of the Metropolitan Record : Dear Sir : The value of Cotton pro*, dneed in the United States previous to the war and the Influence it exerted over the industrial pursuits of alhcivilized ua tions; the vast fleets employed in its transportation both in the law and manu factured forms, aud the multitude of arti sans required for their construction aud outfit, reuder the continuance of the sup ply a matter of the first importance to this nation and the world. It may not be uninteresting briefly to review the history of the growth of the in terests connected with the progress of cot ton culture in the United States. The great and rapid increase of com merce since the seventeenth century has usually beeu ascribed to the discovery of America. This undoubtedly was the re.- mote canse, but we must look to a subse quent event for the mainspring of the as tonishing increase of commercial activity, which characterises the nineteenth contu- ry. h rom the time of the discovery of America till after the peace of 1783, the increase of commerce was slow, although intercourse with the teeming millions of Asia bad been opened to Europe by the discovery of the Cape of Goad Hope. She produced but little to exchange for the luxuries of the East; settlements in this country were almost entirely confined to the vicinity of the coast aud the large riv ers. From 1790 to 1800 the people of the Southern States were seriously discussing the abolition of slavery on account of the unprofitableness of that description of la bor ; the. foreign commerce was insignia- i cant, being most confined to the exchange j of live stock with the West Indies, and' there were no manufactures; the United States was essentially agricultural from Vermont to Georgia, The whole commercial marine of Europe engaged iu foreign trade was not equal in tonnage to that of the vessels to be seen in the harbor of New York in a single day. Liverpool was but a fishing hamlet. Aus tria and Prussia had no port. Spain had no trade except a few galleons to and from her American colonies once a year— France hardly as much. A cotton patch of five acres was almost a prodigy in South Carolina and Georgia. Whitney inveuted the cotton gin (the only great invention that was ever per fected by the inventor,) slowly but sure ly it grew into favor, and rendered the extensive culture of cotton profitable. Af rican slaves were unfit by uature and ca pacity for commercial and manufacturing pursuits, but the possession of the gin made it profitable to employ them iu the cotton fields. . Slave owners began to leave the worn k out lands of the sea board and seek the fer tile uplandsand valleys of the interior; for ests disappeared and in their stead white robed fields were to be seen on every hand ; in fifty years the production of cot ton increased from one to two hundred bales to millions. In the meantime the sterility of the soil, severity of climate, and the rapid increase of population, com pelled the people of the Eastern States to eke out the scanty supplies to bo drawn from the earth by the exchange of their live stock aod lumber for West India pro ductions and the fisheries. At this point commenced that diversity of sectional pur suits and interests, which finally culminat ed in the late war. The rapid increase in the production of the raw material consequent to the gener al use of Whitney’s gin caused a corres ponding increase of English manufacto ries and chipping, as well as all the me chanical arts employed in hnilding and fitting machinery and vessels; thns sprang up modern commerce. Then came the war of J812, and found the United States destitute of manufactures of arms, muni tions of . war and clothing. The difficulty in obtaining these essential requisits for maintaining armies in the field caused great embarrassment to military opera tions and often produced serious disasters. After the close of the war, while the evils of a dependence upon foreign natious for articles of prime necessity were fresh in the minds of all, Congress placed a ta riff upon imports to protect and encour age home manfactQres, as a measure of defeuae, aud the people of New England, unable to subsist upon the products of the soil, turned their -attention to manufac tares. The gallantry of our little navy hid secured for it the favor of the people; t M A liaMMMAa It A J Iiiamayt/l a, mm I. M i • a There is no greater obstacle in>the. watv of success in life than trusting for aome- tkiug to turn' up. instead ot going to work, and iuraiug up something. There is at present living ia Sweden a young man aged nineteeu,. who is nine feet five inches in height. At eight years of age, he was five feet four inches. the fisheries had furnised onr best sea men, and it was deemed important in a national point of view to encourage this schoolfor seamen; accordingly laws were 'enacted to pay bounties to fisher men and to grant a drawback of the duties paid on the salt used in cur ing the fish. Navigation laws were pass ed to encourage ship building. The most important, if not all these measures, were proposed by Southern men, and earned by Southern votes, with the lull knowledge that the taxes laid must be paid out of the products of the soil, and consequently by the agricultural section, and that aII the direct benefits reaped by the North ; thus New England by the operation of these enactments be came *■ manufacturing and commeieial ! people.* -• 1 The immense demand for-iron created by the invention and introduction of rail ways caused the Middle States to strike hands with the Eastern to procure a pro tective tariff /or the products of their mines,- aud thelino of separation between the North and South was distinctly drawn, gud the -diversity of interests .became greater and greater uutil tbe two sections were placed in absolute antagonism. Southern statesmen (agriculturalists) cheerfully taxed tbe agricultural interests to build up manufactures and foster com merce in order to render the country in dependent of foreign natious for the most necessary articles of consumption in the event of war, they never anticipated that the measure of protection adequate to establish new industrial pursuits in suc cessful rivalry of the same interests al ready established and prosecuted by pow erful and wealthy nations for a long series of years, would not suffice for their com tiuued prosperous existence : they did uot imagine that Yankee greed, like the horse leech, would be forever crying, “give, give.” In consequence of the mighty impulse which tbe passage of these laws gave to manufactures and commerce, a fresh im pulse was given to the’culture of cotton, fresher and more fertile lauds were .sought aud brought into cultivation, and the pro duct increased from 250.000 bales io 1S15 to 4.400,000 bales in 1S59, and io value from $20,000,000 to $247,400,000 ; the cot ton planter producing but a small portion of his supplies at home, consumed the pro ducts of the teeming West and caused its rapid settlement. At length, convinced that the high ta- riffites of the North would never he sat isfied till they had reduced the Southern States to the condition of tributary prov inces, paying into their coffers the whole profits of their labor, they seceded, a war ensued, which has ended iu their conquest And tbe abolition of slavery. Now the question recurs—can cotton be produced by freedmen’s labor to a great extent ? 'That it cannot the present year will be ovideut from considering a few facts. Since 1861 three huudred thousand hands have perished of destitution and disease, nearly two hundred thousaud have beeu forced into the army ; thus a half niilliou have been taken permanently from cotton culture, representing a production of 2,000,- 000 bales ; their places cauuet be supplied in many years. One-half the best cotton lands of Georgia and South Caroliua have been utterly desolated, and if the menus were at baud could not now bo put in or der in time to plant a crop this year.— The Mississippi and Yazoo Valleys are utter wastes and will produce a trifle in comparison with the 1,000,000 bales oiico gathered from them. I will give what I look upon as a largo estimate for the com ing crop. Texas 300,000 bale's; the conu try whose outlet is New Orleans, 150,000 bales; Mobile, 150,000 bales; Gergia Flor ida and South Carolina, 200,000 hales, making an aggregate of 800,000 bales bare y sufficient to supply tbe mills of the U. S. Nor would it surprise me to see cotton among tbe list of our imports, as we already see rice and sugar. That j'our readers may be able to ap preciate the difficulties attending the cul ture of cotton by means of hired labor of any description, 1 will present some of tbe conditions requisit toils profitable pro duction. The first condition is au adequate and certain supply of labor for thirteen months at least; tbe preparation of the ground for the reception of the seed must commence with the first of the year. This is au operation of no little labor, especial ly on the bottom lands, which have here tofore produced tbe greater portion of the crop. All the old stalks must be pulled up by the roots aud burned. This can be done only by the stoutest hands, by the aid of lovers, the stalks being ten to fifteen feet high aud three inches in diameter.— After the cotton comes up, tbe soil re quires almost constant stirriug to pre vent the growth of grass and weeds; it must be kept as clean as & garder, or a sickly growth and greatly diminished yield is the iuevitable consequence. No one can imagine the rapidity and luxuri ance of the growth of crop, or crab grass, on all the cultivated lands of the South, who has not seen it; consequently a total cessation of labor for a single week, during the mouth of June and July, would cause tbe loss of the entire profit of the crop at least. The planter must then have tbe certainty of controlling a sufficient amout of labor at this season to secure auy re muneration for bis own outlay and time. ment and long continued experience to determine what implements to use at dif erent stages of growth and uuder different conditions of the soil aud weather—a mode of culture that would, uuder certain con ditions, promote the health and vigor of tbe plant, wonld at another, cause it to be come sickly and the forms (*. e. buds) to fall off. The picking season commences about the middle of August aud ends at Christ mas. Then tbe ginning and hauling to market will require from oue to two mouths more, making at least thirteen months from the beginning to the end of the crop year. To secure the crop the constant labor of the whole available force of the planta- j tion is needed. On the good cottou lands mure is always produced than the force which cultivated it .can gather. Cotton must be gathered as soon after opeuing as possible or it will fall out, or be beaten oat by rains and wind, aud he entirely lost A cessation of picking for a single week duriug the height ot the season, when the best cottou is to be gathered, wonld entail the loss of the years profits at the least. After a killing frost, (say from the middle of November till Christmas, (uegroes would pick but little unless compelled. The pods toci-mi become bard, presenting curved spines at ouTd be 1 open eud, which scratch the hands'; besides it is cold work in the early morn'* iug, and negroes dread cold. Thus the top crop, which in some seasons aod cer tain localities is tbe major part, would be partially lost. Can the laborer of the freedmen be secu red thus continuously and certainly, as the as the conduct of a cotton plantation prof itably absolutely requires; Every uian who undersUncia uegrn character, especial ly every practical planter, will unLeeita- tiugiy answer no. Until some method can be devisod to compel freedmen to enter into eonfracts to labor for terms of years, and to fulfil their contracts faithfully, till they become iu some form or other fixtures to the soil, raoie or less permanent, their prof itable employment ou cotton plantations is impossible. Many planters tempted by the present high price of cotton, having the land, stock and farming implements, are about to make the experiment, of planting with freedmen’s labor; but they regard it as an experiment, and one of very doubtful success at that. They say they have no idea of making more than a half crop at best; indeed the absurd conditions imposed by *be freedmen’s Un read render it impossible. Still they say a half crop at present prices will pay. YY ill the freedmen cultivate cotton to any extent, if plantations are divided and as much land assigned to each person or family as he or they ought to cultivate ? Negroes never have in any land, nor un der any circumstances, voluntarily engag ed in pereisteut, continuous agricultural pursuits, as either lessee or owner of the soil; nor is it to be expected those of the South will prove an exception. They have not sufficient judgment or intelligence to cultivate cotton Successfully, without con tinual supervision ; the cultivation of one or two acres in corn aud sweet potatoes will be all they will attempt. Their nat ural traits of character, their indolence and total want of forethought forbid any thing more. A case which was lately told ine will serve as an illustration of these traits aud a proof of my position. A plan ter last spring made a contract with eleven negroes—good hands to labor the balance of the year for a share of the crop, who eventually agrei d to take cotton as their share. Each of these hands could pick from 200 to 300 pounds of cotton per day- They commenced gathering their crop, and in one week they picked 290 pounds (equal to about 80 pouods gin ned cotton) and quit work. Some of tho profound reasoners on sub jects of which they know nothing, whose premises are founded upon what they im agine ought to be, aud those eloquent de- claimers upon the rights of man,” without auy reasoning maintain that slavery has debased the negro and entailed these traits off character upon him. They in tbeir blind ignorance or designing rascality, have put. the effectfor the cause. Negroes were slaves in consequence off' their degradation, not de graded by being slaves; oil the contrary, they have been uuiformly elevated in the scale of humanity by being enslaved bv either of the other race6 ; and when freed from slavery they always rapidly relapsed into their original savage state. These facts are matters of history, and we see the same process of degradation going on all around U6 among those freed so latelv as May 1st. The doom of the race in the United States is written—speedy extinc tion. The last question to be determined 16— YVill cotton ever be produced by white labor to an extent to louder the United States the great source from which the supply of the world shall herealter be de rived 1 The mere cultivation of the plant re quires no greater skill than may be easily - acquired t uuderproper instruction; but pick ing requires educated labor as much as spinning and weaving the fabric, and the training must commence in childhood. So well established was this fact, that a South Carolina or Georgia negro would always command a higher price than one from Tennessee. The fact that on the better class of cotton lauds more could al ways be grown than could be gath ered, Tendered it all important to have fast pickers. The best hand could pick from 300 to 400 pounds per day, while those put to this labor after being grown, or brought from the poorer lands could never be made pick more than from 100 to 200 pounds, making an immense differ ence in a season of four and a half month’s duration. So.it is evident, that the negro laborers could at once be replaced by whites on the plantations in the same order they were iu 1861, their utmost exertions could not produce more than from one third to one half a crop during the present gen eration. But {an insurmountable obstacle to tbe employment of white labor on the best cot- As successful culture requires great judg- Mn lands from which the millions of bales were drawn, exists in the nature of the cli mate and the hygienic conditions of the atmosphere. Throughout these fertile val- lej-s the malaria is so dead that no man can live their constantly. Some of the largest cotton ^producing counties in Missis sippi poll from 14 to 90 votes only, no one except overseers living in them, and often from three to five different overseers were employed ou the same plantation in a sin gle year, (three or four having died,) and this two when they perform no labor and aroid exposure to morning dews and the heat of the noon-tide son, while the negroes enjoy good health. The same is the ease in tbe swamps of Louisiana. It requires tbe constant labor of all the hands from daylight till dark,when picking season commences to secure the crop. In a half hour after the Lands enter the field they are as thoroughly wet from head to foot by the dew as if they had been plunged iu a river. In two or three hours the scorching rays of an August sun are poured upon their bent backs with an in tensity of heat of which no Northerner has any conception yet the vast field are white white before them and they must toil on if they would secure the fruits of their pre vious labors. Tbe malarions exhala tions of the early mcruing, the saturation ot tbe clothes with dew, and tfie subse quent exposure to the direct rayB of the uoon tide sun would postratc any white man on a bed of sickness, of serious, prob ably fatal sickness in a week. A planter only, caii realize the loss a month’s sick ness at this season entails. Cotton will be raised upon the poorer uplands by white labor, as it always lias been ; but even here they avoided expo sure to . the morning dews aud mid-day heats; consequently they could never pro duce as much even on thepe lands as a ne gro could. Many, stimulated by the pres ent high prices, will plant cottou, who nev er raised a bale before, and many will on-1 derlake the cultivation of the bottom lauds; Fj