Newspaper Page Text
Correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette,
Tlic Krsourrcs of tlic South.
Nashville, Tenn., June G.
The Great Pine* its of Georgia.
Southwestern Georgia, or iu tact I
might say all ot Southern Georgia, is a re
gion which is as little known to the iuhab
ifants of the Northern States as the islands
of the South Sea. Of the immense extent,
no one can form a correct idea who has not
himself traveled over at least a portion of
it. To the superficial observer it might
seem as if the whole were comparatively
worthless. It lias an ait- of barrenness
(using the word in a restricted sense)
and desolation, which strikes the beholder
with awe, and makes him feel as if be were
traversing a different world from that in
which he is ordinarily accustomed to dweli.
For hours together one may travel through
the counties of Appling, Irwin, Coffee, Ber
rien, Worth, Colquit, Thomas, etc., with
out meeting a single inhabitant or seeing
a human dwelling. All around him spread
the apparently boundless forest3 of yellow
pine. For days together lie might not
tiud a single acre of ground which he
would deem worthy of cultivation : but on
the poorest tract he would not fail to find
huge pine trees lifting high up toward the
heavens their straight and stately trunks.
Sometimes there are hundreds of square
miles iu e\teut where the ground is as lev
el as the Western prairies ; anon it is bro-.
ken into vast and winding ravines circling
the bases of confused «od shapeless hills.
But whether level or broken, the eternal
pine everywhere asserts itsaupremacy; and
lie who should climb to the top of oue of the
highest trees, and look out lor the world
beyond, would see upon every side, stretch
ing out until mind, heart and eye were
weaiied at the prospect, an ocean of sums
bre—Pine !
Some of the counties I have named are
small States; and 1 remember when i was
at Milledgeville last tall, 1 was told that
in the region I am speaking of there is a
single unbroken pine forest which is per*,
perhaps larger than the State of Rhode
Island.
Will this Region. Always he as Now 1
Well now what ? Is this region to re
main forever uutenanted ? Is there al
ways to be in South Georgia an unexplor
ed and unknown wilderness? Are deer
and wild cats to be its only inhabitants ?
Are not the sounds of busy industry to he
heard there ; and shall no thriving towu6
and bustling cities speak of civilization
and freedom ? Has God planted those
boundless forests only to limit and restraiu
the progress of his children ? Does lie
mean to give so vast a territory only to
desolation and solitude ; or shall not man
possess this portion of his footstool also ;
rear here aloft the monuments of industry ;
and make this desert blossom as the rose ?
Heaven creates naught in vain. And
here, in this seemingly fruitless wilderness,
are mines of untold wealth. Hero is a
boundless source of prosperity and comiort
and power. Here is an almost limitless
field for the employment of capital. And
in no part of the world will capital, jucli*
ciously employed, meet with such sure and
abundant returns.
How Wealth may he Made Here.
Well, how ? By the conversion of these
millions of stately pine trees into lumber;
into an article which meets with a ready
and remunerative sale in every part of the
world ; into an article for which even now
the market is as permanent as for corn or
flour.
Brunswick.
On the soutbesat coast of Georgia is situ
ated the town of Brunswick, which is the
natural outlet by which the supplies of
lumber from this vast region will reach
the outer world. Already under the stimu
lating influence .of this traffic, the place is
growing into importance . Its Larbor is
comparatively good. A railroad runs di
rectly from it to Waresboro, in Wave coun
ty, crossing the great Southeastern Geor
gia railroad, which, commencing at Savan
nah, runs through the best counties in that
part of the State; is, I believe, already
finished to Tbomasvillle in Thomas coun
ty ; and will be extended eventually to
Bainbridge, in Decatur county, at the head
of navigation upon Flint river. Another
road is projected liom Macon to Waresbo
ro, which will traverse the very heart of
some of the great pine forests, and carry
to all interior Georgia the wealth that
in exchange for lumber, must flow through
the port of Brunswick.
Already there are half a dozen magnifi
cent saw mills in operation at Brunswick ; a
dozen more being built; and it is said there
is already capital and enterprise enough
in the p.ace to have determined upon the
erection of fifteen or twenty more. The
ex-rebel Gen. J. B. Gordon, got ahead of
all compeditors in this business, and start
ed a couple of these mills months ago. He
is said to be a man of fine energies which,
for four years misdirected in waging a war
against his country, are now devoted to
the better task of assisting to develop her
resources. Other persons have followed
this pioneer. Fortunes destroyed in the
rebellion are rapidly repaired. Ex-cotton
of the North ? Why docs it not seek this
magnificent field of investment, and while
it trebles and quadruples itself, assist, in
restoring the waste places ot the South ?
I don’t know what you pay in Cincin
nati for yellow pine lumber. Wbat i- it ?
Seventy, seventy-five, eighty or eighty-
five dollars per thousand l Certainly not
less than the least of those figures. See
then, how. immensely valuable a few mil
lion feet of this lumber is! And let me
tell you that it is worth to day from $25 to
SdO, per thousand on shipboard at Jack-
sofiville or Bruuswiek. And all that is
required to convert the pine logs, which
may be bad almost for tbe asking into this
valuable lumber, is a saw mill, a good wag
on, a team of stout mules, and a lew pairs
of strong and willing hands,. If you
should set up business one month and want
to sell out the next, your capital would
he invested in such articles that you could
dhpose of them iu an hour for all you gave
for them.
Advice to Young Men.
Let me ask then for this region the at
tention ot Northerners, especially of young
men. Every day I receive letters from
the latter class inquiring if 1 can tell them
of good situations to be obtained in the
South. Let this letter lie a response to
all which up to this day 1 have not found
time to answer. Jn the pine regions of
South Georgia aud Florida are tbe very
situations you want. II you expect situa
tions in which you will not be obliged to
labor you bad- better hang yourselves than
to come South. There are too many idlers
of all colors here now. But if you are
willing to work, join several of you togeth
er if you have not capital now, go dosvu to
Brunswick and labor for J. B. Gordon, or
somebody else, until you have enough to
start a saw mill of your own ; and then,
if you keep your health, prosperity and
wealth are as certain to crown your efforts
as the sun to warm your back upon a clear
summer day.
A Spcccli oil the Reconstruction Bill in Con
sress-
The following is tbe speech of Mu. Har
ris, of Maryland, which we find in the
Congressional proceedings of the 14th ia-
staut The reader will see in it that the
member from Maryland not only was, but
is still an advocate of the doctrine of seces
sion—a doctrine to maintain which much
blood has t been shed in a war that lias
desolated and impoverised our one pros
perous, but still “suuny South” :— \nt.
Mr. II arris addressed the House in op
position. He declared that in principle he
now stood as he had stood after the war
was declared—as he had stood in the. last
Congress when he received its crown of
censure—as lie had stood in prison and be
fore the infernal instrument of tyranny, a
court martial ; and, as he stood in princi
ple, so would he stand iu practice when
ever occasion might require. He declar
ed himself an old-lioc Democrat, believing
in the doctrine of secession, believing that
the several Slates of the Union have the
right to separate from it, each acting for it
self. He declared his belief that abuses
and usurpations had been practiced and
threatened to so great an extent by their
associates and partners in this government
al compact, that the Southern States were
Let us look now at a Southern picture :
John Browu was arrested for a crime kin
dred to that of Booth ; he was in the most
ionnal manner tried, being allowed every
facility for defense, no special test-oath be
ing urged to preveut the services of any
advocate ; he was legally aud justly cou-
viet«d to be hrirg; between bis con
viction aud execution ample time was giv
en him for the settlement of his worldly
affairs end for the preparation of his soul
for eternity ; after execution, his remains
were placed in a decern coffin and handed
nvn to his friends. Returning again to
the question of the right of secession, he
said that doctrine was horn with the Con
stitution, and became a ruling principle of
the ruling Democratic party, being inser
ted iu its platform from 1793 to the late
war.
[Mr. Harris in speaking took a stand
near the main aisle, in front of the speak
er’s chair. The anxiety to hear liis speech
was so great that, his voico being weak
and his words inaudible throughout the
Hall, members gathered into the seats and
standing places iu his vicinity, where they
remained throughout the delivery of the
whole speech, notwithstanding the ther
mometer stood at 8G, and that a general
distribution of palm-leaf fans had become
necessary. |
At tbe conclusion of the speech Mr. Lo
Blond rose, and, iu the name of the Dem
ocratic party, dissented from the views
and opinions expressed by Mr. Harris.—
The Democratic party did not believe that
the Southern States ever were out of the
Union, or ever had the light to go out of
tiie Union. In that it differed both with
the gentleman from Maryland and the gen
tleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Stevens)
justified iii going out, and his further belief
that by their ordinances of secession they j this period exhibits all portions of its sur
The Earth as seen from the Moon.
The inhabitants of the moon perceive
iu the sky a gigantic star, constantly im
movable, at tbe same’height. To their
eyes this globe is twelve times as large as
the sun, but it differs from all tbe stars
in being always suspended in the same
place over their heads. It preseuts pha
ses to them as the moon does to us passing
through all the graduations of new and full
earth. This star, as we have just said, is
the earth we inhabit.
Those who dweli in the centre of the lu
nar disk behold our globe suspended from
their zenith, hovering eternally in the
midst of the starry skies. Others see it at
70 degrees of elevation, otlie/s at 45 de
grees, a3 they inhabit spots more or less
removed from the center of the visible hem
isphere. Those who five near the border
of this hemisphere see our globe on their
horizon resting on the mountains. A little
further on only half the earth is discern-
able, and in passing to another hemisphere
the view vanishes tor ever.
Jt we except the determination of longi
tudes the earth is more beautiful aud use
ful-to the moon than the moon is to the
earth ; and if tbe Selenites or inhabitants
of the moon rolling underneath us, interpret
the final law of causes with as much partial
ity as we do, they will have a right appa
rently superior to our own for regarding
creation, the earth included, as especially
made lor tiie Seleniau race.
The earth is a gigantic globe sending
them thirteen times more light than the
full moon transmits to us. It revolve on
its axis in twenty-four hours, and during
white light ; the day after it is of limpid
transparency, and allows the solar light;
to fall upon absorbent green surfaces. All
o! a sudden it will be varied with fiocculeut
mountains aud varied mosaices. Thus the
light the Selenites recive from the earth—
the light which we call “ash,” aud which
we only perceive in the moon’s early day’s
— varies continually in intensity.
This mobility, this perpetual variation
iu the aspect of the earth, will have made
the Selenites believe that the earth is un
inhabited. But on what grounds would
they form opinions unfavorable to its hab
itability ? They live uu a solid and stable
sphere, and can see nothing like it on earth.
Can any rational creature live upon that
peruiauent atmospheric layer which covers
all the earth ? A Selenites who fell into
it would he drowned. Can it be on that
sheet of greeu that washes tbe greater por
tion of tbe earth 1 Can it be on those
clouds that appear aud disappear a hun
dred times a day ? Aud then the earth
turns with such velocity, it is subject to so
much elemental unstability! Moreover,
can we believe that its inhabitants are peo
ple without weight, preserving, no one
knows how, a mean position betweeu the
fixed and mobile elements ? How can
such existences be believed?—Cosmos.
and would relicvojrom duty and pay a large num
ber of employes o£ the Government.
I have the liouor to be, very respectfully, your
obedieut servant, U. S. GRANT.
Lieutenant General.
djd go out, and thereby become to this face, being thus more generous than
Union, foreigu States. r l iieso convictions i mono, which always conceals one b<
loids arc renewing their allegiance to the
dethroned old King, and crowding to do
homage to the uew candidate for the
Southern crown ; both water and steam
are busiiv emploved in driving the saw;
St. Ilia’s sacred waters are covered with
rafts; and the cars, which sometime ago
were laden with ponderous cannon moviug
onward to theii work of death, are laden
with still more pondrous, but peaceful saw
logs, whirling forward to supply the Bruu
swick mills- During the present season
there will be shipped, I am told, from this
single port alone, more than twenty million
feet of lumber.
M&hal may he Done.
Well, do you infer from this that the
field is fully occupied. I tell you that a
thousand saw mills could this day be run
profitably along the St. Johns, the St.
Marys, the Suwanee, and their tributary
streams ! I tell you that if a billion feet
were piled up now Brunswick and
Jacksonville, aud Fernandina, there would
be sufficient shipping at those ports tQ car
ry it away in less than six months ! I tell
you I hat there is very little of yellow pine
lumber to be found iu the world, outside
this particular region, and that both Amcri
ca and Europe are largely dependent up
on it for their supply ! Aud I tell you
that if a thousand mills should be kpp*
constantly running day and night through
out this region, they would not exhaust the
timber in forty years.
Magnificent Opening for Northern Capital.
Where then is the capital aud energy
lie could not change, and he could not
expect they would ever be removed. He
would most assuredly proclaim them, and
stand by them as long as a single citizen
of the Confederate States was iu chains or
subject to penalty for asserting them.—
There was no particular-or personal con
sideration which could prompt him to such
a desertion.
What, sir, said he, I that believe them
right—I that would have joined them if
the sovereign State of Maryland had said
so—to desert them now in their utmost
need, when I can legitimately give them
such protection as is iu my power honestly
to give ? Never ! -The House would readily
conceive, lie continued, that he was ad
verse to the reconstruction policy of the
Presd’t. and Audrew Johnson had been con
sistent with the views of the lato President,
with those of the Republican party, and
with his own declaration from the time he
abandoned the democratic party. He con
curred, however, iif the President’s vetoes,
and with one paragraph in his paper of the
22d of February, wherein he proclaims :
No taxation without representation.” Jn
his view the Southern seceded States had
no right to representatives on this floor or
in the Senate. Neither had they the right,
to furnish the country with a President
or a Vice President. He, whun he could
uot avoid it, acquiesced in defacto Govern
ments and de Judo Presidents,’ but it he
could be expected to cast his vote at the
election for Andrew Johnson,of Tennessee,
the status of Tennessee herself must be
changed completely. She most die admit
ted into the Union by act of Congress, up
on ber application to become a member of
it. But no Congressional bill for that pur
pose could ever receive his vote so long as
tbe test oath disgraced the statute book. He
would do all he could to remove it, and res
cue the noble citizens ol the South from
tbe slavery and degradation it imposed,
even though that led to the continuance of
tbe dissolution of the Union. Under tbe
test oath only fourteen men. who misrepre
sented th«*ir constituents, would be admit
ted. When vice prevails amt impious men
bear sway, the post of honor is a private
station.
lie replied at some leugth to a speech
made some time since by Mr. Donnelly, of
Minnesota. Referring to the assassination
of Mr. Lincoln,he said Mrs. Surrat was con
victed of course. She was tried by a court
martial ; her immediate execution was or
dered; she entreated for four days to enable
her to overcome the shock and the better to
prepare her 60ul to meet hpr God. “Not
an hour!” thundered forth the voice from
the War Department ; “On with the gal
lows, the coffin and the grave ; the angels
of Heaven shall not rejoice over this re
pentant sinner.” Agents of mercy sought
toe ear of a higher authority and probably
a more merciful heart, hut Pieston King
wns janitor that day and they excluded.—
Where is Preston King? Echo answers
where! She was thus executed speedily,
and notwithstanding application has been
made in behalf of her heart-broken daugh
ter for her remains, those remains are still
in the keeping of the War Department.—
Potius Pilate delivered the body of Jesus
to Joseph of Arimathea, but a worse than
Pontius Pilato is hero.
the
ays conceals one beinis
phere from our view. In consequence of
this motion, tbe Selenite finds himself iu
an observatory magnificently situated for
viewing tiie terrestrial disk, and his posi
tion is preferable to that of the inhabitants
of the first four moons of Saturn, who can
never see the whole of that planet; and
they can see the earth better thau wo can
see any planet,
Tbe earth generally presents to them a
greenish hue, iu consequence oftho im
mense quantity of water by which its sur
lace is covered, of the forests of the new
wo$Jd and of its plains.and also on account
of flic tint of its atmosphere. From time to
time, however, large grey or yellow spots
divided the sphere. To tbe east of tbe
terrestial disk appear tbe lofty Cordilleras,
marked by a long ideated line just as we
sec in the lunar Carpathians, to the west
of tbe Sea of storms. Opposite this ridge,
a shady green spot of great extent unfolds
itself for many hours; this is the great
ocean. Next comes two grey patches,
which look like one elongated ; these are
tiie two isles of New Zeiaud. Then ap
pears tbe fine continent of Australia, tin
ted with a thousand colors, and accompa
nied by New Guinea, Borneo, Java, and
the Pbillipines. At the same time the
grey country of Asia is unrolled, and ex
tends to the white steppes of the pole.—
Africa, then comes in view, divided by its
milky way of sand. To the north of the
great Sapara, appears a littlo green spot
torn iD all directions and full ol ramificar
tions ; this is the Medeteranean ; above
which those who have good eyesight will
discern little and almost invisible, France.
Then the dry land will appear, aud great
dark spots of the Atlantic will follow the
same revolutionary course. The Selenites
who carelessly contemplate in tranquil
nights the green and grey divisions of
the earth will have no idea of the
contests in which tiie distant nationali
ties are involvod.
The earth is a permanent clock to the
inhabitants of the moon, aud this is not its
feast utility. By reason of its invariable
movements, the fixed points which mark
the different longitudes will be the hours
on the meridian of the globe. Each has
it* peculiar aspect, and may serve for point
of departure.
The phases the earth presents to the
moon will, in the same manner, serve as
an almanac, aud we may believe they
form its chief foundation. The phases are
complementary to those which the moon
presents to us : when it is in full moon to
us, it is new eanh for the Sclieuite6 : and
when they give us a uew moou, wo offer
them full earth. No reciprocity can bo
more perfect and constant.
But tbe phases of the earth differ essen
tially from those of the moon, inasmuch as
their intensity, not their magnitude, chang
es perpetually. This phenomuuon is very
terrestrial, aud wo may be sure the Selen
ices have judged us by it long ago. Whilst
with them all is calm, identical, constant;
with us everything changes. Besides the
different lustre of different parts of the ter
restrial sphere—green continents, blue
sg;»v, yellow deserts, white poles, and
grey lands—our atmosphere is in perpetu
commotion. One day it is covered with
clouds and transmits to the moou a uuitorm,
Report of 6en, drain upon the situation in
Ihe South.
Head'ors Armies of the United States,
Washington, D. C., Dec. Jrt, 1865.
Ills Excellency Andrew Johnson, President of the
United States :
Sir: In reply to your note of the 16th instant,
requesting a report from me, giving such infor
mation as I may be possessed of, coiniug within
the scope of the inquiries made by the Senate of
the United States in their resolution of the 12th
instant, I have the honor to submit the following:
With your approval and also that of the honora
ble Secretary of War, I left Washington city on
the 27th of last mouth for the purpose of making
a tour of inspection through t lie Southern States,
or States lately in rebellion, and to see w hat chang
es were neeessary to be made ill the disposition of
the military forces of the country, how thesefoiccs
could be reduced, and expenses curtailed, &c., and
to learn as far as possible the feelings and
intentions of the citizens of those States to
wards the General Government. Tiie State of
Virginia being so accessible to Washington city,
and information from this quarter, therefore, be
ing readily obtained, I hastened through the State
without conversing or faceting vvitli any of its cit
izens. In Raleigh, N. U., 1 .-pent one day; in
Charleston, S. C., two days ; Savannah and Au
gusta, Georgia, each oue day. Both m traveling
and whilst stopping, I saw much and conversed free
ly with the citizens oj those States, as well us with the
officers of the army who hare been among them. The
following are the conclusions come to by me :
I am satisfied that the mass of thinking men of
the South accept the present situation of affairs in
good faith. The questions wiiicb have heretofore
divided the sentiments of the people of the two
sections—slavery and State rights—or the right of
a State to secede from the Union—they tegard as
having been settled forever by ihe highest tribu
nal—arms—that man can resort to. I was pleas
ed to learn from the leading men whom 1 met that
they nut only accepted the decision arrived at as jinal,
but that now the smoke of battle bus cleared aw,ay
and time has been given for reduction, that this decis
ion has been a J'ortunule one for the whole country,
they receiving the like benefits from it with tnose
who opposed them iu the held and iu the cause.
Four years of w ar, during wiiicb, law was exe
cuted only at the point of tiie bayonet throughout
tiie States iu rebellion, have left tiie people, possi
bly, iu a condition not to yield that ready obedience lo
civil authority the American people have been in the.
habit of yielding. This would render the presence
ot small garrisons throughout those States neces
sary until such time as labor returns to its proper
channel and civil authority is fully established. I
did not meet any one, either those holding places un
der the Government or citizens of the Southern States,
who think it practicable to withdraw the. military
Jrum the South at present. The white and the black
mutually require the protection of the General Gov-
vernment.
There is such universal acquiescence in the au
thority of the General Government throughout the
portions of the country visited by me, that the
mere presence oi a military force, without regard to
numbers, is sufficient to maintain order The good
of the country, aud economy, require that the
force kept iu the interior where there are many
freedmeu, felscwherc in the Southern States, than
at forts upon the sea-coast, no force is necessary)
should all be white troops. The reasons for this are
obvious, without mentioning any of them. The
presence of black troops, lately slaves, demoralizes
labor, both by their advice, and by furnishing in
their camps a resort fur the freedmeu for long ilis
fauces around. White troops generally excite no
opposition, and, therefore, a small number ot them
can maintain order iu a given district. Colored
troops must be kept in bodies sufficient to defend
themselves. It is not the thinking men who would
use violence towards any class ot troops sent
among them by the General Government, but the
ignorant in some places might; and the late siaves
seem to be imbued with the idea that tiie property
of his late master should by right belong to him—
at least, should have no protection from tiie col
ored soldiers. There is danger of collisions being
brought on by such causes.
My observations lead me to the conclusion that
tbe citizens of the Southern States arc anxious to
return to self-government within the Union as soon
as possible; that whilst reconstructing, they
want and require protection from the Government;
that they are in earnest in Wishing to do what they
think is required by the Government—not humiliating
to them as citizens—and that if such a course was
pointed out, they would pursue it in good faith.
It is to be regretted that there, cannot be a greater
commingling at this time between the citizens of the
two sections, and particularly of those entrusted with
the law-making power.
I did not give the operations of the Freedmen’s
Bureau that attention I would have done if more
time had beeu at my disposal. Conversation on
the subject, however, with officers connected witli
the Bureau, lead me to think that in some of the
States its affairs have not been conducted with gbod
judgment or economy, and that the belief, widely
upload among the freedmeu of the Southern States
that the lands of their former owners will, at least
in part, be divided among them, has coma from
the agent of this Bureau. This belief is sesiousiy
interfering with the willingness of tiie freedmeu
to make contracts for the coming year. In some
form tiie Frqediuen’s Bureau is ail absolute neces
sity until civil law is established and enforced,
securing to the freedmeu their rights aud full pro
tection. At present, however, it is independent
of the military establishment of the country, and
seems to l.e operated by the different agents of
the Bureau according lo their individual notions.
Everywhere General Howard, the able head of
the Bureau, made friends by the just aud fair
instructions aud advice he gave; but the com
plaint in South Carolina was, that when lie left
tilings went on ai before. Many, perhaps the ma
jority of the agents of the Freeduioirs Bureau, ad
vise thefreedmen that by their own industry they
must expect to live. To this end they endeavor
to secure employment for them, and to see that
both contracting parties comply with their en
gagements. la some instances I am sorry to say,
the freedmeu’s mind does not seem to be disabus
ed of the idea that the freedman has a right to
lire without care or provision Jor the future. The ef-
fdfet of the belief in division of land is idleness and
accumulation in camps, towns and cities. In such
eases, 1 think it will be found that vice and dis
ease wiil tend to ihe extern I Uutiou or great reduc
tion of the colored race. It catiuot he expected
that the opinions held by men at the South for
years can be changed in a day. and therefore the
freedmeu require for a lew years uot only laws to
protect them, but the fostering care of those who
will give them good counsel and iu whom they
rely.
The Freedmen’s Bureau, being separated from
the military establishment of the country, acquires
all the e.cpci.se of a separate organization. One ilovs
not necessarily know what the other is doing, or what
order they are acting under. It seems to me this could
be corrected by regarding every officer on duty with
troops in the Southern States as agents of the freed-
men's Bureau, and then have all orders from the
head of the Bureau seat through department com
manders This would create a responsibility that
would secure uniformity of action throughout the
■South, would insure the orders and instructions
from the head of the Bureau being curried out,
She Prison Ziife of Jcfi‘. 2>avis.
His entrance into Fortress Monroe—He is thrown in
to Irons—Ills Lofty Bearing— L 'Oh ! The shame,
the shame !”
We make the following extracts from the inter
esting volume which has just been written by Sur
geon Craven, and published by Cavletou—“Tire
Prison Life of Jeff Davis
His Removal from the Steamer lo the Fortress,
May 21, 1865.
The procession into the fort was under the imme
diate inspection of Maj. Gen. Halleck and Charles
A. Dana, then Assistant Secretary of War: Col.
Pritchard of tiie Michigan cavalry, who immediate
ly effected the capture, being the officer in com
mand of the guard from the vessel lo the fort.—
First eame Maj. Gen. Miles, holding the arm of
Mr. Davis, who was dressed iu a suit of pi.-iin Con
federate gray, with a gray’ slouched hat—always
thin, and now looking much wasted and very hag
gard. Immediately after these came Col. Pritch
ard, accompanying Mr. Clay, with a guard of sol
diers in their rear. Thus they passed through files
of men in blue from the Engineer’s Landing to tiie
Water Battery Postern, aud on arriving at tin:
cesemate which had been fitted up into cells for
their incarceration, Mr. Davis was shown into
cesemate No. 2 and Clay into No. 4, guards of sol
diers being stationed in the cells numbered 1, 3
and 5, upon each side of them. They entered the
heavy doors clanged behind them, and in that
clang was rung the final knell of the terrible, but
now extinct rebellion.
. Being ushered into his inner cell by Gen. Miles,
and the two doors leading thereunto from the
guard room being fastened, Mr. Davis, after sur
veying tiie premises for some moments, aod look
ing out through the embrasure with such thoughts
passing over his lined and expressive face as may
be imagined, suddenly seated himself in a chair,
placing both hands on his knees, and asked one
of the soldiers pacing up and down within his cell
this significant question, “Which way does the em
brasure face'?”
The soldier was silent.
Mr. Davis, raising his voice a little, repeated
the inquiry.
But again dead silence, or only the measured
footl'ails of the two pacing sentries within, and the
fainter echos of the four without.
Addressing the other soldier, as if the first had
been deaf and had not heard him, the prisoner
again repeated his inquiry.
But the second soldier remained as silent as the
first, a slight twitching of his eyes only intimating
that he had heard the question, but was forbidden
to speak.
“Well,” Said Mr. Davis, throwing his hands up
aud breaking, into a bitter laugh, “I wish my’ men
could have beeu taught your discipline !” and then,
raising from hhr chair, he commenced pacing back
and forth across the embrasure, now looking at
the t silent sentry across the moat, aud anon at the
two silently pacing soldiers who were his compan
ions in the easement..
His sole reading matter, a Bible and prayer book,
his only’ companions those two silent guards, his
only food the ordinary rations of bread aud beef
served out to the soldiers of tiie garrisou—thus
passed the first day and night of the ex-Presidcut’s
confinement.
He is Ironed.
On the morning of the 22d of May a yet more
bitter trial was iu store for the proud spirit—a tri
al more severe, probably, than has ever in modern
times been indicted upon any one who had enjoy
ed such eminence. This morning Jefferson Davis
was shackled.
It was while all the swarming camps of the ar
mies of the Potomac, the Tennessee and Georgia—
over two hundred thousand bronzed and laurelled
veterans—were preparing for the grand review of
next morning, in which, passing iu endless suc
cession before the mansion ot the President, the
conquering military power of the nation was to lay’
down its arms at the feet of the civil authority,
that the following scene was enacted at Fort Mon
roe :
Captain Jerome E. Titlovv, of the Third Penn
sylvania Artillery, eutered the prisoners cell, fol
lowed by the blacksmith of the fort and his assist
ant, the latter carrying in his hands some heavy
and harshly rattling shackles. As they entered,
Mr. Davis was reclining on his bed, feverish and
weary after a sleepless night, the food placed near
him the preceding day still lyiug untouched on its
tin plate near his bedside.
“Well!” said Mr. Davis as they entered slightly
raising his head.
“I have an unpleasant duty to perform, sir,”
said Captain Titlow, and as he spoke the senior
blacksmith took the sliacklesfroin his assistant.
Davis leaped instantly’ from his recumbent atti
tude, a flush passiug over his face for a moment,
and then his countenauce growing as livid and
rigid as death. ,
He gasped for breath, clutching his throat with
the fingers of his right hand, and then recovering
himself slowly, while his wasted figure towered
up to its full height—now appearing to swell with
indignation and then to shrink with terror, as he
glanced from the Captain’s face to the shackles—
lie said slowly, and with a laboring chest:
“My God ! You cannot have been sent to iron
me?” -
“Such are my orders, Sir,” replied the officer,
beckoning tbe blacksmith to approach, who step
ped forward, unlocking the padlock and preparing
the fetters to do their office. These fetters were of
heavy iron, probably five-eights of an inch in thickness,
and connected together with a chain of like weight.
I believe they are now in possession of Major Gen
eral Miles, and will form an interesting relic.
“This is too monstrous, groaned the prisoner,
glaring hurriedly round the room, as if for some
weapon or means of self-destruction. “I demand
Captain, that you let me see the commanding offi
cer. Can lie pretend that such shackles are re
quired to secure the safe custody of a weak old
man, so guarded and in such a fort as this.”
It could serve no purpose,” replied Captain
Titlow ; “his orders are from Washington as mine
are from him.”
But he can telegraph,” interposed Mr. Davis,
eagerly; there must lift some mistake. No such
outrage as ymu threaten me with is on record in
the history of nations. Beg him to telegraph, and
delay until he answers.”
“My orders are peremptory,” said the officer,
“and admit of no delay. For your own sake, let
me advise you to submit with patience. As a
soldier, Mr. Davis, you know I must execute or
ders.”
These are not orders for a soldier,” shouted the
prisoner, losing all control of himself. “They are
orders for a jailor—for a hangman, which no sol
dier wearing a sword should accept! I tell you
the world will ring with this disgrace. The war
is over; the South is conquered : I have no longer
any country but America, and it is for the honor
of America, as for my own honor and life, that I
plead against this degradation. Kill me! kill me!”
ie cried, passionately, throwing his arms wide
open and exposing his breast, “father than inflict
on me, this insult worse than death.”
“Do your duty, blacksmith,” said the officer,
walking toward the embrasure as if uot caring to
witness the performance. “It only gives increas
ed pain on all sides to protract this interview.”
At these words the blacksmith advanced with
the shackles, and seeing that the prisoner had one
foot upon the chair upar his beside, his right hand
resting on the back of it, the brawny mechanic
made an attempt to slip one of the shackles over
the ankle so raised ; but as if with the vehemence
and strength which frenzy can impart, even t.o the
weakest invalid, Mr. Davis suddenly seized his as
sailant and hurled him half way across the room.
On this Captain Titlow turned, and seeing that
Mr. Davis had backed against the wall for further
resistance, began to remonstrate, pointing out in
brief, clear language that this course was madness,
aud that orders must be enforced at any cost.—
“Why compel me,” he said, “to add the further
indignity of a personal violence to the necessity
of being ironed ?”
“I am a prison of war,” fiercely retorted Davis ;
I have been a soldier in the armies of America,
and know how to die. Only kill me, and my last
breath sLall be a blessing on your head. But
while I have life and strength to resift, for myself
and my people, the thing shall not be done.”
Hereupon Captain Titlow called in a sergeant
aud a file of soldiers from the next room, and the
sergeant advanced to seize the prisoner. Imme
diately Mr Davis tiew on him, seized his musket
and attempted to wrest, it. from his grasp.
Of course such a scene could have but one is
sue. There was a short, passiouato struggle. Iu
a moment Davis was flung upon his bed, and be
fore his four powerful assailants removed their
hands, the blacksmith and his assistant had done
their work—one securing the rivot on the right
ankle, while the other turned the key in the pad
lock on the left.
This done, Mr, Davis lay for a moment as if in
a stupor. Then slowly raising himself an,J t
ing round,-he dropped his shackled feet
floor. The harsh clank of the strikingchain
first to have recalled him to his
to th*
dropping his face into Ids bands, he burst inf"'
passionate flood of sobbing, rocking to and ti, l ' J *
muttering at brief intervals: “Oh, the
shame!” lau,e -
It may here be stated, though out of it s ,i
der—that we may get rid iu .haste of an nn i ° r
ant subject—that Mr. Davis, some two mow i ,
ter, when frequent visits had made him r ,■
of converse, gav** me a enrious explanation r V^ c
last feature of this incident. *G*
He had been speaking of suicide, and derm
ing it as the worst form of cowardice and Vi
“Life is net like a commission that wo can r •
when disgusted with the service. Takiu r ' ^
your own hand is a confession of judge,,.,,f £ H
that your worst enemies could allege, 'it I ° a "
on flashed across me as a tempting remedy for* ° !t '
ralgic torture : but thank God ? I never s " fcu '
my own death hut once, and then when cowm* '
ly frenzied and not master i f my actions. \\>T
they came to iron me that day, as a lust res
of desperation, I seized a soldier's musket nud ^
tempted to wrench it from his gras,,, hoping A 1 '
in the scuffle and surprise someone ofhu ’
fades would shoot or bayonet me.” ^
Let Ur Bear it Mnitout Grlnnin?
We have been forced to the conclusion rno.i
Southern States will uot be aide to get U,i ■
the Union for a long time to come. Even d llj
the proposed constitutional amendment feu
Radical party in Congress will bo sure, bef,,-’ U *
4th of March next, to pass over the TreJid > C
head some obstruction law, which can onlyT" '
pealed hereafter by the concurrence of both l7 ^
es, uud it will he a number of years befo f 0 " 3 ’
Radical majority in the Senate of the
States can be overcome. They will not rt n h
law as long as they retain thJ majority in V.! .
and it will be four years at least before their ff**’
ent large majority in that body can be fritted
We may as well, therefore, at once make r-
rainds that there is to be no represent-, C ’" r
equality in the Union for us, for Vuu- or Y r
years at least. What are w e to do about u*
Were it not that we have to pay beaviiv f ur ,-'
poor pri vilege of being harshly governed withor
a voice in the Government, we do not know th,.
we would be materially worsted. I; we p. *’
governing sections manage for themselves £
wbole federal polity, never concerning or( c'
trussing ourselves as to how they are running tf
machine, oniy paying our taxes aud attending
strictly to our own State and individual inter,-, '
we will have the more time to develop our hY
resources to extend aud establish our domestic i a
ilustry, anu to build up again upon a firm founda
tion oar shattered prosperity and blasted pfryJ
fortunes. These are,- indeed, the objects Y
most need our attention. These are the interests
that will give us more power and influence in
Union than representation in Congress or votes-
Presidential elections.
Suppose, for instance, that the Northern peon’*
perceive that we are employing the interim of Y
probation, or punishment, in. the production g
home of all the fabrics and commodities that vT
have heretofore bought from them—that wean-
silently workiug out our industrial independent
of them, while they holding us off at, anus len»tL
What would be the effect ? Depend upon i;,
Pharoah never made greater liaste to send i.,r Ms
ses in the periods of ilis several ‘plagues,’ tlisia t!*-
calculating Yankees would make to negotiate with
us for a return of our trade and a restoration of our
political rights!
And why can’t we do this ? Why can we no:
manufacture all our own cotton, make all our nw,,
shoos, clothing, machiuey, iron and wooden fab
rics, and even raise the fruits and provisions that
we now buy of them? IFit can do it. We wt
do it, if we would prosper hereafter, either tiLan-
ciaily or politically. Let us have State aid to
tablish the principal nnnufactnring establish
ments. Let us have private associations to pro
mote exclusive home trade and patronage. Wo
are to be scourged for many years. Lot us Dot,
spaniel-like, during all that time lick the ban,]*
that smite us '.-—Colitmbus Enquirer.
Plenty of common sense and true polifical econ
omy in the above remarks. Let us of the South
fully act upon it, and we will be the richer, more
independent, and powerful for it.—Rec.
Whipping Revived iu Georgia
By looking out the sections of the Code !i,a:
have been amended, it will be scon that the ciiu.es
that are now punishable by whipping and work
in the chain gang, are petty larceny, stock marks,
and numerous other petit crimes.
It has generally been considered very disgrace
ful, says the Rome Courier, for a white man to le
whipped—hut we believe in those States v.liere
the whipping penalty has been regularly enforced,
there has been very much loss of those petty crimes
for which it was considered the proper penalty,
than where public sentiment has been in favor of
sparing the feelings of this class cf criminals. Aj
it has been for the past twelve months, so it is
likely to be for a long time tc come. Nine-tentb«,
or more of all the crimes committed in the Stare,
are such as under the Cede, as now amended, may
be punishable by whipping or work in tbe chain-
gang, and thus instead of keeping these criminals
weeks or it may be months, iu the jails at large
expense to the counties, they may have an early
trial in the county cooi ts, aud summary punish
ment, such as the class of persons guilty of such
crimes can appreciate.
While it is true that many of the persons likely
to be punished in this way will be negroes, yet
whites are liable to the. same penalty ; for theiwc
racts are on the same footing before the erimlut
Code of Georgia. The peace and good order of
society, depends upon the certain and speedy pun
ishment for crime, and it is to be hoped the new
county juries and Judges, will be vigilent in fer
reting out all crimes within their jurisdiction, and
punishing them according to law.
Testimonial to Capt. Maury.—A London cor
respondent., writing to a Northern journal says:
“You will perhaps, be surprfsed to learn tliat c--
less a sum than fifteen thousand dollars has bec-n
raised iu England as a testimonial to M. F. Maury
the renegade superintendent of the Washington
Observatory, “in acknowledgement and apprecia
tion of the eminent and disinterested service wind
through forty years of incessant labor, Capt. AL :
ry has rendered to science and mankind.” Th«
Duke of Southerland heads the list, the the otli-r
names are chieflly those of men recognized as rap
id English secessionists during the war.”
The Pardon Business.—The N. Y. Times an
nounces semi-oflic ially that parties in need of-Ex
ecutive pardon will in future have to apply t° rit
personally, the President having issued onkri lla
no more pardons be granted, except to tb<**e w#'*
make special application to him. Heretofrrc 11
has been a common practice to secure panff-u P a ,
pers through the numerous “brokers.” (nisi'; * n -
fernale,) who infest the capital but this practice. '
now at an end. The President considers that a*
pardon is worth having at all it is worth app'-Gy
for in person, and if not, why the heretofore reep
lious individual will have to get along ai
can without it. The total number of P ar( ‘. oui
granted from May of last year to the present ti^
is stated at over 12,000.
Prckbyicrlaii Church Trouble iu
Baltimore, June 13.—Rev. Dr. Bullock,
Old School Presbyterian Church, delivered ^
dress to his congregation last night, in •*k ll ' n ‘ l
reviewed the recent action of the Geneiai
bly witli regard to the Louisville Presoy!^
sharply condemning the same, and auu<iu rk -
his intention of withdrawing from the said
al Assembly. , r
Mr. Bullock is a brother-in-law ot <*01111
Breckinridge. „ u T .
The congregation of the Franklin Street *
terian Church met to-night to take action ol ‘
course. The Rt*. Dr. Harnncr presided. ^
congregatiou voted to sustain the pastor
secede from the General Assembly. Tiie m ^
excites much interest among P<esbyter:»n s
others. _
Suppression of tbe Marc Trade-
Washington, June 18.—The State ^
has been officially advised by the Consul ^
pilOO tUL IrUtlUV IU Uia»VJ. * * - *■ • ♦llPlllv*'
dinates, Lt. Governors, that he will hold .,. of .
a strict accountability for any* violation 0 ^
ders iu this respect, which aie from the S1' K
A plot by eighteen prisoners, confined in
lantaJail, to murder the jailor and escape
confinement, was frustrated by a negro P. • ;p
who refused to join in conspiracy, tellijjS ^ ^
or of it as he was entering the room. I "
oners, besides the negro, refused to M "" e
proposed violence. The conspirators ha
placed in irons.