Newspaper Page Text
VOLUME xlvii.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JULY 10, 1866.
NUMBER 28.
ORME & SO'N,
iV EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
IffilD'
jier nunnm, in Advance.
COLLECTOR’S BLANK BOOKS tilled
T 1 v ..rojiiptly to order at the Recorder Office
> l ’ u ’ , )er s heet—59 cents for binding.
‘iprXh, L*6 • '
p johN GANTT tenders his professional
P services to the citizens of Milledgeville and
office that of the late Dr. Fort.
10 tf
D
j, j v /j_ J3. T^-T1iIE3IIE?.XD 3 S office is
AIcGomb s
old
^ Hotel, where he can be
entail hoars when not otherwise engaged.
M' led^evill-', May 1, 18(50 18 12t
noticeT
O ji vv. T. LOCKHART, tenders his profes
sional .services to tiie citizens of Milledgeville
, v ci;iity- Special attention paid to SURGERY
1 / ! fits diversified forms. He will he found at
; ,‘ ( ' irSi ..vhcii not professionally absent, at Judge
;"j> pucker’s residence one mile from the State
Miliedffoville Sept.. 5, 1865 36 ly
jjjpE OF ENTERTAINMENT.
M UIL JOHN GANTT, occupying the
late residence of Dr. Fort, in Miiledge-
ville, would respectfully inform the pub-
■ vuindlv, that his house is now open for the
" „,rn of transient custom.
jlUeJo-rtville. April 3, 1H66 14 tf
Good News
FOR THE
•DTe e d fw 1/
jndsbhpih &
Atc selling their entire Stock of Goods
jit JS'clil Rjafk /fast !
CALICOES, \
-A_t Cost!
MUSLINS,
CAMBRICS and
A ansook, Swiss, Tar lion and Illusion,
07. 3r*. NEWELL,
-Attorney-a/t-La/w - ,-^
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA.
Milledgeville. March 13, 1SG6 31 tf
CABINET WORK.
t WOULD respectfully inform the’ citizens of
j. jtaMwin county that I am prepared to do all
tabnfCabinet Work. Will feel thankful for
v favors in the way of mending old furniture, or
r:iking new. Give me a call, and I will promise
■ p ease both in price and work done.
ROBT. N. ADAMS.-
Milledgeville May 8. 1866 38 tf
ijSBOHXE'S OPTICAL DEPOT.
336 B n l)AL STREE T,
A U G US T A, G A.
SEABLY ori'O.SITE PLANTERS’ HOTEL
Specially and Exclusively Optical.
'.arj Eye-help known in Optical Science.
P
\TIENTS treated by mail to superior Glass
es mv sending one glass out of their old Spee
ds and stating the best distances or number of
:-.s from tiieeyes at which they saw coinforta
to read with the old glasses—length of time
•have been used without change, and a state
.t as to general health.
1 shapes and color inserted so as to defy
detection even by experts.
Augusta, March 20, 1866 12 tf
Woo:
Car-cling.
T*HE 1UILLEDGEVILLE MANUFACTUR-
ig Company will continue, as heretofore, to
TOOL into ROLLS, or manufacture it in-
■)i. Their machinery has been placed in the
order. M. WAITZFELDER, Pres’t.
1'Iiiledgeville, May 29,1866 22 lOt
!!, WALKER & THOS. J. FLINT,
‘ikltsale f Retail Dealers Importers of
CHINA, GLASS & QUEENS WARE,
K. P. McEvoy’s old Stand, opposite
jur.ier House, TVTrJ.O(TC>TT- 7 C3rcL_
Hatcnoir on hand a full and complete Stock of
ha, DINNER and TEA Sets,
White, Flowered and Gilt.
JIAXITE DINNER and TEA SETS—White.
i’.ette &. Chamber Sets—Plain & Ornamented.
I vLASS—Pitchers, Stands, Dishes, Butters, Gob
lets, Champagne Wine and Tumblers.
LVEP.ED GLASS in TEA SETS and by the
piece.
BAR TUMBLERS and FIXTURES.
WhY and FRUIT JARS—Quart h gallon, 3
'parts and gallons—plain and fancy.
■ • Wing FRUIT JARS, half gallon.
• ;a Ce lot of Queen’s Lava Rock and Yellow-
Ware.
Plfited. Ware,
■wisuling of Castors, Baskets, Butters, Forks,
Spoons. Strainers, &c.
• ; "f which we will sell as low as can be bought
Hat South.
v Orders solicited and promptly filled when
the cash, or shipped C. O. D.,
-ouipanied by
i* r Express.
Macon
une 11), 1866
25 tf
and.
'[’BE attention of DEALERS & PLANTERS
Is respectfully called to my stock of
SADDLES. HARNESS
SacidL
AND
er*y Groocls*
COMPRISING
Assorted SADDLES, • *
^e,s “ Double A Single HARNESS.
11 Carriage A Team COLLARS,
■^ les Harness, Bridle, Sole, Upper, Band,
0vrs ailJ Strings LEATHER. As well as
AbD LLRY HARDWARE of all kinds,
"■"racing Hitts. Stirrups, Buckles, Rings,
I'Urs, Webbings, Whips, Saddle Trees,
, &c Ac Ac,
vill and c#' . •
^ it,. S * 6 me whe n in want of ana- goods in
in,,.. fc ' 1^ shall he my aim to please my patrons
^ particular.
Rulers by mail faithfully executed.
Co„ # Gr. BERND.
venue, between Mulberry and Cherry Sts.,
Sr,
Beautiful Figured, Plaid and Checked Jaconets,
A T COST!
An elegant assorted Stock of Dress Goods
AT GOST!
Trimmings, Hosiery—ALL and EVERY THING
At Cost I
vtfll A l ar £ e °IUadies, Misses, Chil-—
rBj dren’s Boys and Men’s BOOTS and
SHOES,- HATS and CAPS, T “
.A.t Actual Cost!
READY MADE CLOTHING,
—the very latest styles—
| AT COST!
Now is your time to buy. Call and see
JOSEPH & FASS.
3d door, Milledgeville Hotel, Canvas Sign.
Milledgeville, May 8, 1866
Chas. P.McCalla.
39 tf
M. T. McGregor.
M’CAIjIiA cfc OO.
Particular attention given to the Sale and pur
chase of COTTON and COUNTRY PRODUCE.
Liberal Advances made.
o. 1 van winkle range Corner of Jackson
and Ellis Streets,
_A-TTG-TTSTA, O-A.
FIT Storage for Cotton-
August 8,1865
32 ly
J. W. RABUN.
P. H. WOOD
J. W. Rabun & Co.,
FACTORS
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
140, Bay Street,
SAVANNAH, GA.
March 33, 1866 H tf
GEORGIA.
BY HORACE.
Fair State of beauty and renown,
Whose rivers rush along in sunny glee;
My muse would weave for thee a golden crown!
Decked with this proud inscription—Liberty.
Land of my birth, where ’ere I’ve chanced to roam,
None other have I seen to vie with thee ;
None other hare I seen I’de call my home,
Than thee, with whom I cast my destiny.
Look back upon thy better days of yore,
When peace and gladness deck’d thy beautious
shore,
And then upon thy bitter days of woe,
When fell oppression watered thee with gore.
To arms for freedom ! Was the startling cry,
That roused thee from thy sweet tranquility ;
That called thy sons into the tented field, and for,
The which, they joined the ranks of civil war.
The sequel’s a reflection frought with pain ;
Where are those warriors who did bare,
Their breasts to meet the iron rain 1
Where are thy heroes brave and true ? Echo
answers where!
Full many lie sepulcher’d ’neath the sod,
On fields deep deluged with their native gore,
Full many mangled, have return’d to plod,
Their course thro' life.until they are no more.
I, too, have mingled in the din and strife,
Of loud commotion and of battle’s roar ;
I, too, have bled for thee, and by my life,
Each drop that course my veins I’de freely pour,
For thee, fair Empire State, of yore!
Let not the hoards of direst foes appall,
Nor foul fanatics lmrl thee from the height; «
Defy their wicked efforts to iuthrall
Thy spirit high as Heaven—thy true birthright.
“Unto thy-self be true,” and raise thy crest
Above the clouds that lurk around thy brow,
Be patient, hopeful, and thou shall be blest,
Nor fawning in the dust to tyrants bow.
Hoist thy bright standard ! raise the cheering cry,
Of, Onward! Upward ! Carve thee out a name,
Herculean like, high low’ring in the sky,
Replete with sweet prosperity, and glorious fame.
Island Creek, June I5th, 1866.
two hundred years, you have been the witch of dis
cord in America, and unless I spill your brain with
my cudgel, Reflection, you will ever be a disturb
er of the public peace and happiness. “You have
eyes hut you see not, ears but you hear uota
fact to you is impalpable, and a result sickens.
You shut your eyes to the light of truth, and close
your ears to the voice of wisdom. Fools are the
only ones that learn wisdom in your school; the
wise need not your instructions.
OlilGINAL MISCELLANY.
TTnrted. States
STEEL TEN WORKS,
Factory, Camden, W. J.
R. ESTEKBR00K & C0„
Steel Pen Manufacturers.
warehouses:
403, Arch St.Philadelphia; 42, John St.New York.
These celebrated Pens are of genuine American
Manufacture, and comprise every leading style in
the Market, and are equal in finish, elasticity and
fineness of point to the best imported, lhey are,
therefore, sure to gain the confidence of the Amer
ican public.
Samples and Prices on application. Lots
made to order, of any pattern or stamp required,
For sale to the Trade at the Manufacturers’
Warehouses, as above ; and at retail by all Sta
tioners, Booksellers and News Dealers in the U.
s> R. ESTERBROOK & (JO.
March 13, 1866 D ^
Manufactures of
REVOLVERS, RIFLES’
N'Tuiskets &c, Carbines,
For the United States Service. Also,
Pocket and Belt REVOLVERS,
REPEATING PISTOLS,
RIFLE CANES, REVOLVING RIFLES.
Rifle & Shot Gun Barrels, & Gun Materials sold
by Gun Dealers and the Trade generally.
In these days of Housebreaking aud Robbery,
every House, Store, Bank, and Office, should have
one of
REMINGTONS’ REVOLVERS.
Parties desiring to avail themselves of the late im-
nrovernents in Pistols, and superior workmanship
and form, will find all combined in the New Rem
ington Revolvers. ...... „„„
Circulars containing cuts and description of our
arms will he furnished upon appli^ 011 - „
E. REMINGTON & SONS, Ihon. N. Y\
Moore & Nichols Agents, -
No 40 Courtland St. New York.
25 13t
June 19,
Fmrnit/ure Fbepairing'.
I AM NOW TREPAliED to do any kind of
job in the way of fitting up or repairing OLD
FURNITURE; or I can make anything that may
he desired. When you want jobs done, give me
a call. You can save money and have neat fur
niture besides. . . .
I will take any kind of provisions in payment
for vmrk done.
E^iPShop on the Milledgeville Hotel Square,
next to Newell’s Hall.
Milledgeville, June 5, I860
Reason and Fanaticism—An* Allegory.
As a little boy was lying sleeping under a rose
bush in the garden, Reason came along, and be
ing pleased with his bright face and beautiful form,
resolved to he his guide and friend through life;
for said he, if I do not accompany him in his jour
ney, his life will he aimless, and he be hut. a crea
ture of impulse and wild fancies. While Reason
was thus debating over the child, Fanaticism with
his wild eye, impetuous strides and rapid and un
governed tongue, endeavored to thrust Reason
aside and claim the child that lay sleeping before
them. Stop, said Reason, do not be so quick to
claim or take, I have the first claims here, as I
first found him. The child under your instruc
tions will he too slow and plodding, replied Fa
naticism ; but should I take him, I will inspire
him to noble deeds and energetic action. No
doubt of it, answered Reason, you have made your
mark upon the world in q thousand ways; and to
be honest with you, I look upon you as a disturb
er of the world, an uplieaver of settled social sys
tems, a crazy dreamer in morals, and an intolerant
and bigoted fool in religion. You talk very plain
indeed, replied Fanaticism, and I should like for
you to explain yourself more fully; I have ever
looked upon myself as always l ight, and believing
myself so, never stop to think of results in the ac
complishment of my ends. Yoft on the contrary ;
look back, study the present, and try to read the
future; and while you are thinking, I am acting.
You have drawn a very correct picture of yourself
and myself, replied Reason, and if I do uot follow
behind you, at the proper time and correct the evil
and had influences you leave behind, the world
would he one grand lunatic asylum, aud confusion
worse confounded would follow iu your train.—
You are the legitimate child of Enthusiasm, only
you go farther than your mother. As you truly
confess—aiid your honesty is the only, redeeming
trait "in your character—you never think of results,
or care for consequences so you accomplish your
ends. Your consumate self-esteem and iuordi-
naut bigotry is regardless of all laws moral or di
vine. The experience of the world, and the teach
ings of philosophy built upon that experience, is
to you the relics of barbarism. Yon, even in your
mad desire,’call your Creator to an account, aud
sit in judgment upon his decrees. Explain your
self, said Fanaticism. You would have me believe
that you are the embodiment of wisdom, and I,
that of a wild dreamer. That is just what you are,
replied Reason. Your first and great error, is, in
tolerance ; your second, a desire to do too much
and educate the world too fast; your third, an in
satiate desire to correct the morals of your neigh
bors and te bring them up to your standard of
right, and if they do not embrace you as a “Dan
iel come to judgment,” you imagine that you are
responsible for their supposed sins ; and last, hut
not least, you take the holy word of God, and tor
ture it in'to meaning any and every thing that suits
your ideas of right or wrong, and with Pharisaical
self-righteousness “thank God you are not as oth
er men are.” Well,-go on replied Fanaticism ; let
me hear something more about myself, for though
I do not believe what you say, 1 like to hear what
you have to say, as opposition is the food I feed
upon. It is like singing psalms to a hurricane, so
far as stopping or convincing you that you are ev
er in error, replied Reason ; but as you desire to
hear more, I will add, that ever since you had free
access-to the Bible aud its doctrines, instead of
studying the sublime and heaven born teachings
of Christ, which was love to all men, charity to
the poor, forgiveness to the erring and faith in
God ; you have resolved those righteous teachings
into meaning war, intolerance rapine, and theft.
The plain teachings of the ten commandments,
written by the finger of the Eternal I Am, have
been discarded, and you have thought that Jeho
vah was uot explicit, enough for your enlarged
knowledge auu philanthropy; and have written
out for the benefit of the world a code of morals
that you fain would believe a substitute for the
teachings of Christ and his chosen apostlSs. You
are a social plague spot upon the body politic;
and nothing pleases your excited and excitable
be fault-finding, upheaving
mind more than to
aud upturning all settled governments. You have
cursed Europe for over a thousand years with ^
crusades, holy wars, sectarianism, church creeds jority or copperheads and conservatives,
aud so called religious morals; and for the last loyalty will be-extinct in the federal Ads
Discourse on Loyally.
The following article on the term “loy
al” is from the pen of a Washington cor
respondent of the St. Louis Republican.
It is good :
Until the accession of the black dynas
ty in 186i, the use of the word loyalty, as
applicable to political relations or duties in
this country, was wholly unknown. We
often read in the newspapers royal and
imperial speeches aud pi oclamations from
foreign monarchs, to their loj-al subjects ;
but since the day when George III. ceas
ed to address to our ancestors such parent
al language, it had been expunged from
our republican vocabulary, as wholly ob
solete in its political application. The
dictionaries define its meaning to be “fidel
ity to a yyince or sovereign,” and as no
such dignitary, since 177G, could claim
our allegiance, there seemed to be no pro
priety in adhering to this dead formality
of royal grace and power. We fondly sup
posed that under the new order of things
established by our fathers, the people were
sovereign, that the Government they in
stituted, and the rulers they elected, were
but the instruments and servants of their
will—not their masters. It seems, iiowev
er, in the advancing light of the new era
which dawned on us five years ago, that
we were mistaken ; aud that among the
many invaluable reforms accomplished by
tiie wise and exemplary patriots who have
reigned during the period, is the re-inaugu
ration of the idea so obstinately maintain
ed by King George and by royalty gener
ally, that the ruler is the sovereign ; and
that the people, who elect him are his sub
jects, and owe him fealty—must yield sub
missive aud unquestioning obedience to
his will.
The revival of this ancient aud kingly
doctrine among us has very naturally
caused a return to its appropriate forms of
expression ; and hence this almost forgot
ten word, loyalty, has suddenly become
the most couspicious and indispensable
representative of the Northern idea, whose
dissemination and universal acceptance is
now a public necessity, as it is of course a
supreme public blessing. We now have
loyal men, loyal merchants, loyal doctors,
loyal preachers, loyal churches, loyal
courts, loyal judges, loyal leagues, in short,
everything and every person without a
loyal prefix is tainted with treason, and
ought at once to apply for a pardon or be
hung.
Nor is it enough that you support aud
defend the Constitution and the Uuion,
unless you also hate everything and every
body South of the line 36 deg. 30 min.,
and pray fervently that Jeff Davis and
his adherents should be “shut up in the
penitentiary of hell, and kept there by
bayonets ;” unless you love New England,
are a member of her mutual admiration
society, and accept her teachings, politi
cal, and religious, as a divine inspiration ;
unless you think that the cotton, gold
watches, plate, jewelry, pianoes, ward
robes, &c., of Southern rebels are the law
ful prize of her soldiers and Christian mis
sionaries ; unless you heaitily rejoice over
the plunder and desolation of Southern
homes, the burning and sacking of South
ern cities, the destruction of their pub
lic buildings and archives, their churches,
seats of learning and asylums; unless you
accept Butler as a true type of heroism,
honesty and humanity, aud Cheever and
Brownlow as saints; uuless you are will
ing for the colored brethren to ride with
you iu the cars, vote with you at the polls,
eat and sleep with you at hotels, sit be
side you in churches, at operas, theatres,
concerts, and lectures, dance with you at
balls, aud represent you in the halls of
Congress, State Legislatures, aud in all
public ageucies uuless you favor negro
domination over the Southern States in
particular ; aud, in fine, unless you are a
radical Black Republican, you are uot loy
al.
Loyalty is a duty Nvliich an inferior
owes to a superior, and hence it is essen
tial that the South should, as evidence
of her loyalty, meekly receive the
Northern idea as the greatest earthly
boon; and most humbly repent of the
monstrous crime of ever having indulged
any doubt on this subject As a furtlier
atonement, the rebels must welcome to
their hearts and firesides the host of up
right and pious missionaries aud teachers,
male and female, whom Northern benevo
lence has recently sent among them to in
culcate this idea, and thus dispel tbe more
than heathen darkness aud barbarianism
that broods over that accursed land. Es
pecially should they reverently heed the
example and instructions of such apostolic
messengers as the Reverends Eitz and
James, of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
The States of the Uniou, also, contrary
to the understanding of the tarmes of the
Constitution, aad to the generally receiv
ed opinion, being the mere creatures of the
Federal power, owe, loyally to the latter ;
aud the people, being the servants aud
subjects ot both owtfthem both loyalty.
The only loyal men and the only loyal
States now are those who sustain the pa
triotic measures coucocted in the couelave
of the Congressional star chamber. The
Supreme Court is no longer loyal, because
it had decided that Military Commissions
and Federal and State oaths have no con
stitutional warrant; and because it pre
sumes, without authority from Congress,
to hear aud determine causes to which reb
els are parties. Congress is the only loy~
al department of-the Government; aud
should the people, the heretofore submis
sive and passive servants-of Radical sov
ereignty and patriotism, dare to return to
that body, in the coming elections, a ma-
ministration ; and then tbe loyal leagues
and wide-awake clubs, under the command
of that loyal hero Gen. Butler, will be
compelled to seize the reigns of power, and,
after the manner of innumerable prece
dents established under the auspicies of
Radical iiberty, oust the President, Con
gress and the Supreme Judges, and re
store the Union to a loyal condition.
On the whole, we think the time has ar
rived to revise Webster’s definition of loy
alty thus : A quality which belongs ex
clusively to men born in New England, or
who wish they had been, and those who
are favored by Providence with black
skins. Unis.
From Dr. Craven’s Book—Conversations with
Jefferson Davis.
change of quarters had already been of
evident benefit.
The Rehellion.
Mr. Davis said it was contrary to reason
and the law of nations, to treat us as a re
hellion, or lawless riot, a movement which
had been tha deliberate action of an en
tire people through their duly organized
State governments. To talk of treason iu
the case of the South, was to oppose an ar
bitrary epithet against the authority of all
writers on iuteruational law. Vattel dedu
ces from his study of all former precedent
— and all subsequent international jurists
have agreed with him that when a nation
separates into two parts claiming iudepen
deuce and both, or either setting up a new
government, their quarrel, should it come
to trial by arms or by diplomacy, shall be
regarded aud settled precisely as though
it were a difference betweeu two separate
nations, which the divided sections, defac
to, have come. Each must observe the
laws of war in the treatment of captives
taken in battle, and such negotiations as
may from time to time arise shall be con
ducted as between independent aud sover
eign powers. Mere riots or conspiracies
for lawless objects, iu which only limited
fractions of a people may be irregularly
engaged, may b© properly treated as the
public good may require; hut Edmund
Burke had exhausted argument on the sub
ject in bis memorable phrase applied to
the first Ameiicau movement for iudepen**
deuce : “I know not how an indictment
agaiust a whole people shall be framed.”
Mr. Davis on Andrew) Johnson,
As Mr. Davis was speaking of the Sen
ate, I asked him his opinion of President
Johnson, to which for some momeuts he
made no reply, apparently hesitating
whether to speak on the subject or not.—
At length he said that of President John
son he knew no more than what the pa
pers told everyone ; hut that of Mr. John
son when in the Senate he would as free
ly speak as of auy other member. There
were of course, differences between them,
more especially just before the retirement
of the Southern Representatives from Con
gress. The position of Mr. Johnson with
his associates of the South had never been
pleasaut; not from any fault or supercil
iousuess on their side but solely due to the
intense, almost morbidly sensitive pride of
Mr. Johnson, bitting with associates,
many of whom he knew pretended to aris
tocracy, Mr. Johnson seemed to set up
before his own mind, and keep ever pres-,
ent with him, his democratic or plebiau
origin as a bar to warm social -elations.—
This pride—for it was the pride of having
no pride—his associates long struggled to
overcome, but without success. They re
spected Mr. Johnson’s abilities, integrity,
and great original foree of character ; but
nothing could make him be, or seem to
feel at home in their society. Some casu
al, word dropped in debate, though uttpred
without a thought of his existence, would
seem to wound him to the quick, and again
he would shrink back to the self imposed
isolation of his earlier and humble life,
as if to gain strength from touching his
mother earth. In a word, while other
members of the Senate were Democrats
in theory or as their political faith, Mr.
Johnson was a Democrat of pride, convic
tion, and self-assertion-—a man of the peo
ple, who not only desired no higher grade
of classification, but. could not be forced
into its acceptance or retention when
friendly efforts were made to that end.—
He was an immense worker and student,
but always in the practicalities of life ; lit
tle iu the graces of literature. His habits
were marked by temperance, industry,
courage, and unswerving perseverance; al
so, by inveterate prejudice or preconcep
tions on certain points, and these no argu
ments could shake.
His faith iu the judgment of the people
was unlimited and to their decision he was
always ready to submit. One of the peo
ple by birth, he remained so by conviction,
continually recurring to his oiigin, though
iie was by no means the only senator of the
South in like circumstances. Mr. Davis
mentioned Aaron V. Brown, who had been
Postmaster-General under President Buc
hanan, and several others who were of like
democratic education with Mr. Johnson,
but who seemed to forget aod in regard to
whom it was forgotten by their associates,
that they had ev f er held le6S social rank
than that to which their talents and indus
try had jaised them. Of Mr. Johnson’s
character justice was an eminent feature,
though not uncoupled—as true justice
rarely fails to be—with kindliness and
generosity. He was eminently faithful to
his word, and possessed a courage which
took the form of angry resistance if urged
to do, or not do, anything which might
clash with his convictions of duty. He
was indifferent to money and careless of
praise or ceusure when satisfied of the ne
cessity of any line of action. But for his
decided attitude against secession, he
would probably have been given the
place of Mr, Stephens on the Presidential
ticket of the Confederacy. Mr. Stephens,
indeed, held the same attitude up to the
last moment; but on the secession of' his
State, had two alternatives of State or Fed
eral “treason,” as it was called, presented,
and chose the latter.
October 20th.—Called on Mr. Davis,
accompanied by Captain Titlow, 3d Penn
sylvania Artillery, officer of the day. His
health appeared satisfactory, and his
Some remarks in the papers led him to
say that nothing could ; j>e more unjust
than to accuse the Soutl^of having wished
the destruction of the Constitutional Un
ion of the States. It was not amongst bis
people that the Constitution had been con
tinually denounced as a “bond with death
and covenant of hell.” To them the gov
ernment had invariably been described as
the “most beneficient and just government
upon the face of the earth;” and it was
only when what they regarded as a sec
tional Presidential ticket had been elected,
and that their rights of liberty and prop
erty threatened, that they rose to vindi
cate the reserved rights of State sovereign
ty, under a constitution which they believ-
s ed to have been fubverted.
Speaking Mr. Bancroft, whose history of
the United States he much read and ad
mired, fiequeutiy marked passages of it
with his finger nail, as a pencil was denied
him, Mr. Davis said it was appalling to
contemplate th« extra labors which must
be imposed on future historians by the in
creased activity of the press in these latter
days, and the looseness with which their re
ports were made. It will require the la
bors of several lives to make tire mere sift
ing of materials from the columns of the
press, uuless the historian shall boldly go to
work by discarding such authorities, and
confining his scrutiny to- the official re
reports on either side. He was glad to
see that the various provisional State govs
ernments of the South were accepting the
reconstruction policy of President John
son, practically and in good faith. Unis
versal amnesty—though he did not ask it
for himself—with restoration of property
and civil rights to all willing to take the
oath of allegiance, would speedily restore
to the whole country so much of harmony
and homogeneity as was now possible, and
so much needed by its political aud finan
cial interests. No apprehensions need be
felt from auy war with England or France,
unless the South should be permanently
alienated by despair of toleraut terms,—
Eveu then, as an American, with no other
country left him, he would be for unani
mous support for the country against its
European enemies, hut thesaine sentiments
might not be likely to prevail amongst the
masses of his people. They had in their
blood the faults of a Southern sky, “sud
den and quick in quarrel, jealous of hon
or,” The question of negro soldiers was
not a new one in this war. Such class of
soldiers had twice before been enlisted in
the history of the country, but not trusted
upon active service on either occasion ; and
when he had been in the War Department,
a proposition had been urged by several
eminent officers of the regular army for
garrisoning the defences of the Southern
coast with regiments of blacks, on the
ground that they could resist the exposure
of the climate better.
October 31sL—Called with Captain Tit-
low, officer of the day, the last officer of the
Third Pennsylvania Aaitillery who had
charge of tbe prisoner. Mr. Davis renewed
his friendly and grateful messages to the
officers of the regiment, specifying several
by name, and desiring to be remembered
by them. As it stormed, there had been
a fire built in the grate, and Mr. Davis
spoke of its cheering effect both on body,
eye and mind ; tbe stove being both injn*«
rious and unpleasant, as it concealed the
best part of the fire, which was its rich,
homelike and enlivening appearance. It
had always appeared natural to him that
savage nations, in tbe absence of revealed
religion, should adopt fire as their god.—
It was the nearest approach in the materi
al world to the invisible spirit of life. Ne
groes and Indians, even in summer-time,
would build a fire and squat down around
it, forgetting all the demands of labor and
amusement. Indeed one of the earliest in
stincts of humanity, whether civilized or
savage, was to collect around a bonfire in
our childhood.
The change to Carroll Hall had been of
the greatest benefit to the prisoner’s health,
the air being purer as it was loftier, his
own room more cheerful, and only subject
to the drawback that ho had numan eyes
from three directions continually fixed up
on him through the grated door entering
his room, the window opening on the pi
azza, at his left, and the door opposite the
window, with an open panel in it, oppo
site which stood a sentry.
November 1st.—Called with Brevet-Cap
tain Valentine H. Stone, Fifth U S. Ar
tillery, first officer of the day, from the
new regiment garrisoning the fort. Mr.
Davis appeared out of sorts—not body sick,
but heart-sick, as he said himself. He ap
peared to scrutinize Captain Stone with
great care asking him all about his term of
service, his early education, etc., as
if anxious to find out everything
ascertainable about the new men into
whose hands he had fallen—an ope
ration reported with each new officer of
the day who called to see him. Indeed
this habit of analysis appeared universal
with the prisoner. It seemed as if he put
into a crucible each fresh development of
humanity that crossed his path teoting it
therein as long as the interview lasted,
and then carefully inspecting the ingot,
which was left as the result. That ingot,
whether appearing to him as pure gold or
Baser metal, never lost its character to his
mind from any subsequent acquaintance.
He never changed his opinion of a man,
or so rarely as merely to prove the rule by
its exception ; and this was one of the
faults alleged against him as a leader by
his opponents. It may have been pride
that would not abandon a judgment onco
formed ; or, more probably, that Mr. Davis
had been taught by his experience of the
world, how rarely we improve the correct
ness of such estimates by subsequent alter
ations. In our first judgment, it is tbe
nearly infallible voice of instinct, unbias
ed by auy other causes, which delivers
the verdict while in closer acquaintance
afterwards, the act of the hypocrite, or tbe
familiarity which so blunts and deadens
our preceptions, may interfere to lead us
astray.
Mr. Davis said it was scandalous that