Newspaper Page Text
i
Vol. L.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JULY 27, 1869.
No. 30
. Js/L. O K. 3VLE & SO2ST 3 .
LllIl'DiiS AND PROPRIETORS.
fcfju—j-j.DD Per annum, in Advauee.
ipvtKTisisti—Fijisquare ofteulines. each
, ;i ou,C’l '*0. Merchants-aud others foi all
j ver $ 25 .twenty-live per cent.off.
LEGAL ADtERTISIMJ.
Irdmury's.— (Jitationsfor letters of ad-
' ^ tr <itioU guardianship ,&e $ ft 00
estead notice . . 2 00
" K .itioutorletter» ot dism’u frontadm’u 5 Oo
ttersofdism’uofguard’u 3 50
sell Land 5 00
editors 3 00
Laud, per square of ten lines 5 00
t i , a r.ionai, per sq., ten days 1 50
Each levy of ten lines, or less.. 2 50
sales of ten lines or less 5 00
ales, per sq, (2 months) 5 00
l i.icationtor ieuersoi u
' ^ uitiau tor leave to st
„ Debtors and Crc
\ ,:lceto ^
Sierif*
Mortal. , ,
C illcctor s sales, persq
Foreclosure of mortgage and oth-
1 ^monthly’s, per square 1
Estray notices, thirty days
fributes o
1 00
3 00
t' Respect, Resolutions by Societies,
., |ia rie3, <3tc.,exceeding six. lines,to be charged
",’transient advertising.
* • Sales of Land, by Administrators, Execu-
r r iju trdians, are required by law, to be held
die first Tuesday iu the month, between the
rs often in the forenoon and three in the af-
11 ' )on at |,he Court-house in the county in which
^property is situated.
Notice of these sales must be given in a public
gazette 40 days previous to the day of sale.
Notice for the sale of personal property must be
‘.J u in like manner 10 days previous to sale day.
f Notices to debtors and creditors of an estate
llllHt also he published 40 days.
N T >tice that application will be made to the
j u t of Ordinary for leave to sell land, must be
, u i,iished for two months.
Cautions fur letters of Administration, Guar-
&,• must be published 30days—for dis-
om Administration, monthly six months ;
J"( 4Lmission trom guardianship, 40 days.
iMles for foreclosure of Mortgages must be
lblisheJ monthly for four months—for establisb-
papers,/or the full space of three months—
t ',r M'upelliug titles from Executors or Admims-
tr.iters, where bond has been given by the de-
•e'ase.i! the full space of three months. Charge,
> | 110 psr square of ten lines for each insertion.
' ps ideations will always be continued accord
j ll3 . to these, the legal requirements, unless otb
r r.vise ordered.
dfHHUip,
% DEOISIOISTS
OF THE
SUPREME COURT OP GEORGIA,
Delivered at Atlanta, July 20, ’69.
iburnished btj N. J. Hammond, Supreme
Court Reporter, ’Expressly for the
Constitution,
Reid and Brother, plaintiffs in error,
vs*. Alpheus S. Spencer, defendant
in error. Assumpsit from Troup.
BROWN, C. J.
1. Where a case was tried and a
verdict rendered in favor of the plain
tiff, and a motion was made fora new
trial, and the Judge who heard the case
went out of office, before the motion
was disposed of, and no brief ot the
evidence was agreed upon by the par-
lies, or approved and certified by the
Judge lobe correct: Held, That the
Judge who succeeded to the Bench
committed no erior in refusing to grant
a new trial.
2, A brief of the oral, and a copy of
the written evidence, adduced in the
Court below, must be embodied in the
bill ot exceptions as certified by the
Judge, or the case will he dismissed
on the hearing in this Court.
Dismissed and the judgment of the
Court below affirmed.
B. H. Bigham, B. H. Hill for plain
tiffs in error.
Schedule or Macon & Augusta R. R.
Leaves Cauiak, daily, at 1 f^ ^ *
*• Milledgeville ^.aOA.M.
Arrives at Milledgeville 4.20 P.M.
Camak 9.00 A.M.
l’asseno-ersleaving Augusta or Atlanta on Day
l> ,sseno-er Train t>f Georgia Railroad will make
cione connection at Camakfor intermediatepoints
on the above road, and also lor Macon, Ac. Pas-
. iersieaving Milledgevilleat 5.30 A. M reach
Atlanta and Augusta same day,and w'll make
close connections at either place for principal
c()LE Geo> , gnpt .
Au-usta, January 7,1868 4 1
Wkth-westeM”r. it. CO.
OFFICE, MACON, GA.,Marcb24th, 1868-
Columbus Train—Daily
A.M.
... 11.15 A. M.
12 45 P.M.
6.20 T. M.
Leave Macon
Arrive at Columbus
Leave Columbus
Arrive at Macon....--
Eufaula '1 rain—Daily■
„ „„ . 8.00 A. M.
Leave Macon.. 5 30 p. M.
Arrive at Lufaula ^ 20 A. M
Leave Eufaula 4.50 1\ M.
Arrive at Macon ■
Connecting with Albany Train at SmWivdle
Leave p
Arrive at Albany 2 35 a! m!
Leave Albany • .
Arrive at gmithville ** _ .
Doe, ex. dem., H. G. H. Miller, plain-
tiffin error, vs. Roe, casual ejector,
and John N. Swift, defendant in er
ror. Ejectment, from DeKalb.
When an action of ejectment was
instituted by the vendee of a tract
of land against the vendor, the les
see of the defendant claiming under
a bond for titles executed by the party
in possession of the land, and one-halt
only of the purchase money having
been paid: Held, That ihe vendee of
the land claiming under a bond for ti
tles cannot maintain an action of eject
ment against the vendor thereof, until
the full amount of the purchase money
has been paid, or at least an uncondi
tional tender of the amount due for the
land shall have been made to the vendor
thereof.
Judgment affirmed.
Alston & Winn, A. W. Hammond &
Son, for plaintiff in error.
Hill & Candler, L. E. Bleckley, for
defendant in error.
[Special Correspondent Cincinnati.
JOHN CHINAMAN.
How He Lives and What He Does—the
Problem of Excellent Servants, Skilled
Workmen and Cheap Labor.
An Important Question—Its Main Aspect.
Ferrill, Hammond
fendant in error.
& Bio. for de-
Edward Broughton, plaintiff in error,
vs. W. T. Godwin, defendant in er
ror. Motion for a new trial from
Troup.
BROWN, C.J.
1. By section 3666 of the Code, the
presiding Judge may exercise a sound
discretion in granting or refusing new
trials in cases where the verdict may
be decidedly and strongly against the
weight of evidence, although there may
appear to be some slight evidence in
favor of the finding.
2. In this case the Judge did not
abuse the discretion which the law
vests in him in refusing to grant a new
trial.
Judgment affirmed.
Speer & Speer, by Hugh Buchanan,
for plaintiff’in error.
B. H. Bigham, by B. Oliver, for de
fendant in error.
Corine
Le
necting with Fort Gaines Tram at CuUhert. ■
ave Cuthbert ran p' \r
Arrive at Fort Gaines “V" f' iV
Lrave Fort Gaines «*
Arrive at Cuthbert A
Connecting with Central Railroad a,ld
A Western Railroad Trains at Macon, and Mont
gomery At West Point Trains at Columbus.
S y VIRGIL POWERS,
Engineer «fc Superintendent.
.10 A M.
5 A. M.
3.30 P.M.
M.
Schedule of the Georgia Railroad.
/ i\ AND AFTER SUNDAY, MARCH 29th
U the Passenger Trains on the Georgii
Railroad will run as follows:
DAY" PASSENGER TRAIN.
(Daily, Sundays excepted.)
Leave Augusta at..
“ Atlauta at ..
Arrive at Augusta . „
• » .1* Atlmitci .. ..«••• •••••• v.lw 1
night passenger train.
berzelia passenger train
Leave Augusta at ’
•• Berzelia at ^.00 4. M
Arrive at Augusta , r° !. vr'
Passengers for Milledgeville,Washington and
Athens,Ga.,musttake Day Passenger 1 ra n trom
Augusta and Atlanta. Q „i
Passengers for West Point, Montgomery, Sel
ma, Mobile and New Orleans must leave Augusta
on Night Passenger Train at 3-45 P. M.,jomake
close connections. f, T ,,_„
Passengers for Nashville,Corinth, Grai| 3 June -
lion Memphis. Louisville and St. Louis|antake
either train and make close connections. .
Through Tickets and Baggagecheckedf hrough
to the above places. I
Pullman’s Palace SleepmgCars on a. Night
1 assenger ^ qqlE, Gen’ 1 Sup; rint’dt.
Augusta, March 26,1868
fit turf a SL West Hunt
Win. McConnell, plaintiff’ in error, vs.
Starling H. Bryant, defendant in er
ror. Millwright's lien, etc., from
Fulton.
BROWN, C. J.
Where the affidavit and counter af
fidavit are filed, in a proceeding to
foreclose a millwright’s lien on a mill;
and the issue which is formed by the
affidavits, is returned to the Court, and
is pending on the appeal, and at the
hearing the defendant is not present,
and his counsel abandon his case be
cause their fees are not paid ; the Court
should require the plaintiff to make out
his case, as in other cases, in default,
bv prima facie proof of the justice of
his claim, before he is permitted to
take judgment; and it is error to order
that the defendant’s affidavit be dis
missed, and that the execution, which
issued upon plaintiff's affidavit pro
ceed.
Judgment reversed.
Arnold & Broyles, for pl’ff in error.
Hill & Candler, for deft in error.
J
rail road
Train — Outward.
4.45 v.
M.
M.
Day Passenger
Leave Atlanta ,
Arrive at West Point y - ou •
Train—Inward.
1.30 P. M.
0.20 P. M.
liny Passenger
Leave West Point..—
Arrive at Atlanta.
XiaJtl Freight and. Passenger—Outward..
Arrive at West Point 11.40 P. M.
Night Freightand Passenger Train—/nieanb
Leave West Point f fO A. m.
Arrive at Atlanta 11.30 A. M.
/fhancfc of C-h.pd.iiLe..
OFFICE SOUTH CAROLINA R. R.CO., I
Augusta, Ga., March 25,1868. )
O N AND AFTER SUNDAY", 29th March,
1868, the Mai and Passenger Trains of this
Road will leave and arrive at through Central
Depot,Georgia Railroad, as follows:
Morning Mail and Passenger drain
Far Charleston, connecting Train for Columbia,
South Carolina, Charlotte Road, and YV ilming-
ton and Manchester Railroad . '
Leave Central Depot at 5.50 A •
Arrive atCeutral Depot 3.30 t. M.
Night Passenger If Accommodation Train
Por Charleston, connecting with Train for Co
lumbia,and withGreenville andColumbiaRail
road:
Leave Central Depot at 3.50 P.M.
Arrive at Central Depot at 7.00 A. M.
H. T. PEAKE,
General Superintendent
M. A. Bull, Ex’r, plaintiff' in error, vs
Thos. B. St. John, defendant in er
ror. Complaint from Troup.
When a suit was instituted to recov
er the value of professional services
rendered by an Attorney at Law for
his client, and there being evidence in
the record that there was a special con
tract made between the attorney and
client in the year J863 or 1864, that
the services were to be performed for
the sum of three hundred dollars in
Confederate currency, and that owing
to the feeble health of the attorney,
the client was compelled to employ an
other attorney to complete the business
for which the first attorney was em
ployed, and it further appearing from
the evidence, that ih 1867, the client
had paid to each of the attorneys for
their respective services in the case,
one bale of cotton, making two bales
of cotton, worth sixty dollars each :
Held, That in a suit by the adminis
tratrix of the first, attorney against the
client when the jury returned a ver
dict in favor of the defendant upon the
foregoing state of facts, that this Court
will not control the discretion of the
Court below in refusing to grant a new
trial, on the ground that the verdict was
contrary to the evidence, although the
plaintiff’proved that the services of her
intestate were worth at least one hun
dred and twenty-five dollars, indepen
dent ot any special contract between
the parties.
There is evidence in the record from
which the jury might have found there
was a special contract between the par
ties, and in that view of it, the verdict
was not so strongly and decidedly a-
gaffist the evidence as will authorize
this Court to set it aside ; the more es
pecially as the preceding Judge before
whom the case was tried was satisfied
with it.
Judgment affirmed.
Toole & Mabry, by Hugh Buchan
an, for plaintiff'in error.
W. O. Tuggle for defendant in error.
Felix II. Henderson, plaintiff in error.
vs. John D. Pope, endorser, defend
ant in error. Assumpsit from Fulton.
WARNER, J.
Where suit was instituted upon the
the following written paper, to-wit:
“Atlanta, Georgia., August 4th, 1866.
Georgia National Bank of Atlanta, Ga.:
Ninety days after date, pay to F. K.
Bell, or order, one thousand dollars.”
Signed, “Massey & Herty”; endorsed
by F. R. Bell and John D. Pope;
which was protested for non-payment
on the 2d ot November, 1866. Held,
That the paper was a bill of exchange,
and entitled to three days of grace be
fore being protested for non-payment,
and was not a check payable at sight, or
on demand, as comtemplaled by the
2742 and 2749 sections of the Code, on
which no days of grace are allowed.
Bv the full Court, judgment affirmed.
WARNER, J.
‘ Held, also, on a motion to dismiss
the writ of error in this case, that the
240ih section of the Code, which pro
vides for the selection of a practicing
attorney of the Court, to preside in cas
es in which the Judge of the Superior
Court is interested, and authorizes such
attorney selected by the parties liti
gant to exercise nil the functions of a
Judge in that case, is not a violation of
either the letter or spirit of the Consti
tution of this State ; and that a writ of
error will lie from this Court to correct
such errors as may be committed by
that pro tempore Judge holding the Su
perior Couri in a case in which the
Judge o f the Circuit is an interested
P att y- ^ r
McCAY, J.,
Concurring as to jurisdiction.
Where the Judge of the Superior
Court is disqualified from presiding in
a cause, and the parties, as provided
by section 240 of the Code, »gree up
on a person to preside, the Court so
constituted, is, none the less, the Supe
rior Court for that case, and a bill of
exceptions will lie, for the correction
of its alleged errors by this Court.
BROWN," C. J.
Dissenting as to jurisdiction.
J. A. R- Hanks, adm’r vs. John Phil
lips. Ejectment, from Murray-
1. In an issue formed to try the gen
uineness of a recorded deed, proposed
to he used as evidence, and affidavit is
made that it is a forgery, under section
26S0 of the Code, the burden of proof
is upon the party asserting the genu
ineness of the deed, and the fact that
the deed is recorded does not furnish
any evidence, or change the onus.
2. Recitals in a private deed only
bind parties and privies, and those
claiming under it.
3. If evidence of title is permitted to
go to the Jury, without objection to the
proof of execution of the paper, it is too
late,after verdict,to make the objection.
4. If one have written evidence of
title to a tract of laud, and by bis ten
ant, take actual possession, and after
wards sell, by written agreement, an
undivided half to the tenant, who con
tinues, for some years, in possession in
Ins own right as to the undivided hall
and as tenanl to his vendor, for ffie
other undivided halt, this is an adverse
possession under wiitten evidence of
title to the whole lot, as to third per
sons.
D. A. Walker, for plaintiff in error.
W. Huffman, W. IT Dabney, R. J.
MeCamy, for defendant in error.
Stewart & Colelough vs. Elijah Dobbs,
et. al. Garnishment, from Carroll.
McCAY, J.
When a garnishment has been dis
solved by the defendant giving securi
ty, as provided in the Code, and the
security is or becomes insolvent, the
plaintiff may garnishee again.
2. Under section 3027 of the Code
of Georgia, it is the duty of a Court,
when it has jurisdiction of a right, and
no specific remedy is afforded by ex
press law, so to mould its processes
and proceedings as to afford relief to
the party having the right.
Judgment reversed.
Merrills for plaintiffs in error.
Hugh Buchanan fur def’ts in error.
A preacher was picturing to an old
sinner on his death bead the glories that
awaited him if he would repent. He
promised among other things, that he
should soon be an angel. “Don’t talk
that way please parson, if there is any
thing I have a horror of, it is of being
an angel sitting on a damp cloud pick
ing a harp by moonlight.”
San Francisco, June 29.
What of the Chinese ? Much that is
interesting and important. There are,
in round numbers, one hundred thou
sand of them in the Pacific States, and
the new arrivals now average from fif
teen hundred to two thousand per
mouth. They abound as laborers a-
long the whole line of the Central Pa
cific Railroad to Promontory Point,and
over this distance have pushed off into
the towns as servants and tradesmen,
and into the mines wherever allowed
to come. They are spreading east
ward slowly ; there are a few in Omaha,
and John Chinaman, with his round
hal and pig tail coiled under it, or dang
ling between his heels, his long blue
shirt which he wears over his blue
panialoons, will shortly be no curiosi
ty in the Mississippi Valley. He is on
his way in force to make his future
Eastern employers a visit.
Chinatown, as the quarter oflhe city
in which the Celestials live is called,
is certainly one oflhe most interesting
spots to visit in California. There
are about a dozen blocks whose four
sides swarm with them, and a half
dozen streets for a distance of several
squares are filled with their stores and
shops. It is a lively scene. The Chi
naman moves quick, and the stream in
the streets seems constant, though it is
heaviest when those employed over the
city pour out from their quarters to
their places of employmont in the
morning, and return in the Hood tide at
night.
Nearly all are dressed alike, in long
blue overskirts and pants. The round
straw hat is, however, rapidly being
abandoned tor the American felt, and
the peculiar clogs and shoes for our
boots. The higher class ot merchants
were a similar dress in style, of a dark
and fine cloth and the rank and static n
is shown by the length and thickness
oflhe cue. The ladies may be glad
to know that these citizens of the I’ low-
ery Kingdom brought with them the
art of weaving most deceptive addi
tions into their hair, so that no matter
what the crop is, the ladies can have
waterfalls of any given size, and the
men of standing, even of any length.—
Through all these streets, flaming red
and yellow hand-bills, covered with
columns of their peculiar characters,
tell the multitudes of sales, and cheap
goods, of letters and new arrivals, ot
theatres and places where laborers are
wauled. Every store has its Chinese
sign, and most of them an English one
also. Chy Lung & Co., are old mer
chants of wealth and standing ; so are
Hip Yik and Hip Wo. They sell silks
land ivory goods, inlaid work, teas,
Chinaware, table ware, groceries, ci
gars, and the counties other articles
which are included in the same “curi
os.” Their word or bond is as good
as gold among the hankers and mer
chants of the city. Hung Lung sells
you cigars. Gem Lee, Hung Lee, Hq>
Ho, and other firms with similar names
make you cigars, mend boots or do
your washing and ironing. Their mar
ket stalls abound in articles which
Americans know little about. Dried
fish, from an inch to two or three in
length, brought from China in great
numbers, many kinds of roots, a strong
if not fragrant kind of butter, rice in
large quantities, se\eral kinds ot peas
and beans, and a great variety of simi
lar cheap food. They use pork in all
forms, and very little ol the animal
gees to waste. In all of these stores,
accounts are footed up with a counting
frame, strung with parallel bars, upon
which slide buttons of rosewood, and
with this their book-keepers outstrip
our method of addition. The books
are kept with a brush, and with a neat
ness which is surprising.
How the Chinese Come.
Six years ago the emigration began
in earnest. Before there had been on
ly enough on the coast to make them
more than a curiosity. They came
quietly and engaged in such labor as
they could obtain. They worked for a
trifle, were temperate, industrious hon
est and respectful. They became pop
ular, and consequent inquiry for them
soon increased the supply. The num
bers which answered the call created
alarm, among the classes which had
previously monopolized labor, dema
gogues caught at the opportunity of
pandering to the lower classes, and be
gan to denounce the new comers. From
that lime John has seen trouble enough.
But his friends are rapidly increasing
now, and he has already obtained a
foothold from which he cannot be driv
en. He is here, and his friends and
neighbors are coming. No power in
America, as our laws are constituted,
and considering the demand for his la
bor on the whole coast, can drive him
back, even if any considerable number
of respectable citizens should desire to
bid him good-by.
The fact is, there is not such a wide
spread prejudice against the Chinese
as Eastern people have been led to be
lieve existed in California. The large
majority of respectable people of both
parties consider their presence a bless
ing. The lower class of foreign labor
ers oppose their coming, and persecute
them whenever opportunity occurs.—
The Irish are their worst enemies, but (quired.
Irish capitalists who employ labor are
glad to obtain their services.
Politicians, or rather the unscrupu
lous demagogues among politicians,
have caused most of the trouble. To
secure the support of the most reckless
and vicious portions of the population,
they have framed unjust laws, and
winked at outrages and abuses which
are a disgrace to the State. Against
all this, John by his skill, patience, ex
emplary conduct, industry, and mod
erate charges tor labor, is slowly but
steadily working his way.
As the Slate refused them protec
tion, they then formed companies to
aid, and, so far as possible, to protect
each other. There are now six of these
in San Francisco, each under the di
rection ot Chinese merchants of wealth,
culture and standing. The directors
of these companies have a common
place of meeting, and their organiza
tion is complete.
The existence of these associations
lias given rise to the story that the
Chinamen who were brought over were
really held in a kind of slavery by these
corporations, and that they were actu
ally bought and sold like slaves. There
is no truth in this. The companies
were formed as benevolent associa
tions, and in no respect do they depart
from their original design. Each com
pany lepresenls a certain district in
China, and all who arrive have the op
portunity of joining the particular one
covering the place from which they
come. Each is free to become a mem
ber or not, as he chooses. The fee of
membership is $10. For this he receives
assistance from the directors and their
agents in obtaining employment ; he
is taken into the company’s lodging-
houses and boarded tree, or at very
small expense, until he obtains a place,
and whenever he leaves or loses his
situation, or comes in from the farms
or mines, he finds a free lodging place,
and a hospital in case he is sick. When
ever a ship arrives with immigrants,
these directors board her with a small
steamer, which they own, and all new
comers are escorted-to the lodging-
housesj or otherwise provided for —
Such information is given them as they
stand in need of; assistance is render
ed at the Custom-House, then baggage
is brought off’ free in the company
wagons, and, in short, everything that
these.companies can do, is promptly
and efficiently done to render the very
assistance most needed. The whole
thing is highly creditable, and is with
out doubt the most thoroughly organ
ized system of extending aid to immi
grants now existing in the Union.
The companies obtain employment
for their members. From this fact they
have been charged with dealing in
coolies. The charge is wholly false.
No member of the company is obliged
to accept a place found for him if he
does not desire to do so, though fie
must trust the companies implicily and
for the good reason that he finds no
belter friends. Thousands who come
are brought by the company fund thro’
a previous arrangement made by the
emigrants with the agents in China.—
For the repayment of this they give
their word. Their first anxiety is to
replace this sum. The company keeps
a record of the amount, of the place
where the emigrant is employed, and
makes a special agreement with each
as to the rate ot repayments. The
company has no hold upon the laborer
whatever, except his promise, and does
not assume control ot him to any ex
tent. But John is honest and prompt
to pay, and grateful besides for the
help extended.
These companies take entire charge
of all paupers and no Chinaman has
yet become a charge upon the State.
It is very easy to see what such help
and encouragement will lead to in in
creasing the new immigration.
What John can Do.
California is blessed with gold and
rich soil and charming climate. Its
resources are beyond computation. Its
best citizens speak of these, and then
say that of all their blessings that of
Chinese labor is the greatest. The
whole business and commerce of the
Slate was languishing because of the
scarcity of laborers. But just in lime
of greatest need, relief came. Women
were few in California, house servants
could be found for the wealthiest alone.
But John arrived, and though he knew
nothing of American house-keeping or
cooking, he learned both almost with
at single lesson. And, takenas aclass,
there are no belter house-servants in
the land to-day than these, if, indeed,
there is any so good. And they are
equally as efficient as cooks, chamber
maids or nurses. Show them once or
twice how to do anything within the
range of their ability, and in household
matters it is a wide one, and he will
continue to the end of his days.
But for John, the Pacific Railroad
would have been delayed three years.
As an artist with shovel or drill, wheel
barrow and cart, he has proved himself
unsurpassed. He is temperate, has
no rows, is not at home in a riot, knows
nothing of strikes, has few holidays,
boards himself, cooks his own food to
his liking, does his own washing, keeps
himself scrupulously clean, is always
respectful, contented and jovial. He
is above all other classes, a most use
ful and pleasant person to build Rail
roads with.
And then he is good at almost every
thing else where intelligent labor is re-
The largest and finest wollen
mill on the coast, and, in fact, one
whose work is uoL equaled elsewhere,
employs Chinamen alone. This com
pany, after making very heavy con
tracts, were subjected to the test of a
general strike among their white work
men. To yield to the demands was to
lose largely ; to stop was to be ruined.
In this strain they decided to try Chi
nese. Enough were selected to attend
all the machinery, and in a few days
the mill was running again up to its
full capacity, and producing its best
quality of goods. And here the most im
proved machinery known in such es
tablishments is in use.
They do all the work in the most ex
tensive shot tower in the west*. They
make all fine articles of gentlemen’s
wear, where the neatest machine sew
ing is required. They bind books and
make books. They set type without
knowing the language. They carve
with great skill. In shoit, they are
learning all trades rapidly, arid becom
ing versed in the mysteries of all heavy
machinery, and delicate and labor-
saving machines as well, and in all
their movements are about as accurate
and regular as die machinery itself.—
Most of the beautiful photographs and
stereoscopic views which the Central
Pacific Railroad Company as sent
throughout the East are printed, fin
ished and mounted by Chinamen.
Such, in outline only, is their stand
ing as-laborers. Such a people are an
acquisition in a great country needing
development, even if they receive what
whites demand for similar services.—
But when the question of cost presents
itself, the value ot labor appears in a
new and important light. Speaking in
general terms, Chinese labor costs on
ly one-third as much as white work
men demand. Nor, if they only re
ceive fair treatment, is there any limit
to the supply. China is crowded to
overflowing with its population. We
cannot stop the inroad if we would.—
Looking to the great undeveloped West
which stretches beyond the Rocky
Mountains, the best men in both par-
lies in California regard the promise
for labor with rejoicing. Farmers are
employing them in all directions. Silk
culture is opening, and cotton, and
rice, and tea, it is confidently believed,
will be hereafter raised successfully. •
The yield of gold and silver will be
vastly increased the moment capitalists
can succeeJ in securing Chinamen ad
mission to the mines. With the pres
ent price of white labor mines which
yield less than about twenty dollars to
die ton cannot be worked. There are
inexhaustible mines already known
which will produce trom seven to twen
ly dollars to the ton. With Chinese
labor, all rock which produces seven
dollars per toil can be worked with
profit. It can be faintly seen what ad
vantages to the whole country would
flow from such a change in mining.
As yet it is impossible to introduce
these people into the great mines,
though tfey are gradually making
headway. Where a white miner aban
dons his claim, if his daily receipts fall
much below four or five dollars, a Chi
naman thinks he is making a fortune if
he secures seventy-five cents.
There is no unskilled labor which they
cannot perform rapidly and well.—
There is no machinery which they
cannot speedily learn to attend as ac
curately as if they themselves were a
part of it, and wages are as one to two
and a half and three. It is not difficult
to understand the advantages thus
offered.
Their Education and Paganism.
Ninety-eight per cent, of those who
come here can read and write their
own -language. Most of them are rapid
in tWurin". Their children learn our
O O
language quickly; the parents with
difficulty, though they soon manage to
acquire a stock of words and sentences
which answer their purposes. They
show a great anxiety to send their
children to school, where English is
taught, though as yet few facilities have
been given them, lor while they pay
full school taxes, they have as yet been
furnished but one school house t’pr forty
pupils. As a class,- there* is none so
law-abiding—not even the Americans—
and none are more honest. They pay
all taxes to the Government cheerfully
ami carefully, and the school tax of the
State, though they have very small re
turns for the latter.
The State imposes a tax of $5 per
capita upon all the land, and some
special licenses, such as the miners
tax of $3, the fust of which the State
has no right to collect. There are dis
graces of’lhis kind which demagogues
have brought upon California, but
which the respectable classes do not
sanction, and will rectify before long.
The visit of so many Congressmen to
the West this summer cannot fail to
lead to much needed legislation for the
protection of these people. They seem
to have no desire to vote, and for the
present it is doubtless better that they
should not. They only ask, through
their leading men, for a staiubug in the
courts as witnesses, and equal protec
tion from the law. This they have a
right to claim and will ere long secure.
They are idolaters. This is the
most difficult point in the problem.
Still those who suppose that American
civilization cannot stand against a few.
thousand or a few million Chinese, are
borrowing much needless trouble.
Contrary to the opinions of most, the
Chinaman erects no idol of God. He
would no sooner do this than the Chris
tian. His faith is this: God is good
and kind and merciful; that He will
under no circumstances- do us any
thing but good. But the Evil one
hales us, and is ever watching an op
portunity to injure and destroy us; we
must conciliate him. And so Joss or
Devil houses are erected, and insence
is burned constantly, and offerings
made to conciliate the Devil.
They believe in the sweet influence
of departed spirits, that the dead are
constantly arouud them, to watch, ami
guard, and help. They make offer
ings of food at their graves, not as is
said, with the idea of feeding the dead
but to show them that they are remem
bered. Their name for God, and for
the influence which these departed ev
ert, is the same as that which express
es the soft warmth and effect of a
Southern sun falling upon a slope
which looks to ward the South.
They send theii dead home to bury
them m the family line, so that the
chain of ancestry may be complete,
and the sweet influences of the spirit
world How through the line uninterrup
tedly. If the line is broken bv an ab
sent dead one, the influences are less
regular, and the wandering spirit is not
at rest, and instead of watching to do
good, desires to injure and make troub
le in return for the neglect of his body.
Three times a year offerings are
made to departed spirits, timi a late
Emperor has decreed that the Govern
ment make offerings also three times a
year to the spirits at large, that is to
the spirits of such as have died in bat
tle, or have been lost at sea and left uu-
buried or not returned to the graves
where the family line is laid. This
Emperor had lost some of his “family
at sea, and after much mourning over
his broken line of buried ancestors, he
hit upon the remedy thus described.
There is much that is beautiful and
poetical in what they term their reli
gion, and much that shows a mind sus
ceptible to religious truth. The mis
sionary fields is being brought to our
very doors in California. The great
societies of the country cannot move
too promptly in efforts to educate and
Christianize these pagans, skilled in all
labor and accomplish in a thousand
ways, and whose coming will bless the
country in many important respects.
The wave is setting in upou our shores
strongly, and Christain missionary ef
fort should be immediately put forth to
reclaim and mould this new element in
our wealth and advancements.
It is charged that those who come
hoard ali their gold, and take it home,
thus keeping much coin out of circula
tion. This has been true. The rea
son is obvious. The courts extend no
proteettiou ; their testimony was worth
less ; they could not enforce contracts,
sharpers were continually preying upon
them, and so they were driven to trade
with their own people, and hoard their
gold.
But under the encouragement which
the belter classes are giving them, all
this is changing. Their merchants are
erecting stores, and investing in real es
tate. The laborers are purchasing
homes and sending for their wives.
More and more ot those who go home
are returning, and most of them with
friends designing to stay. The atten
tion of the great Chinese capitalists of
the Empire is being turned to our coast
and the hope among many of our best
business men in San Francisco is, that
they will shortly be induced to take
hold of great enterprises. The coin
of the world has been pouring into Chi
na for generations. In Canton and
Hong Kong there are many native de
positors of five and six millions, and
many Chinese companies which could
furnish fifty or sixty millions to such
an enterprise as the Pacific Railioad,
or to steamship lines, if thev could
once be interested in the matter. Chi
nese merchants say these men will in
vest the moment they can have full
protection for their persons and proper
ty under the laws.
Such are the outlines of the Chinese
problem, which before the nation has
become fully aware that Chinese im
migration has begun in earnest, is thrust
upon it in all its great proportions.
Thinking men will turn their attention
to it at once, as one of the most impor
tant questions of the day. H. V. B.
Our Southern Republicans are quite
free in telling us what they must have,
and how impossible it is that thcY’
should live under Rebel rule ; we tell
them in turn, that it is impossible that
we should perpetuate a rule over the
South in which the people oflhe South
or any considerable share of them,
are denied a voice. If we should at
tempt to do it, we should simply sacri
fice our ascendency in the North, and
they can judge where this would leave
the Republicans of the South. We
can do and dare much here, for equal
human rights. We are a shorn Sam
son whenever we shall undertake to
argue and insist that a part of the
Southern people ought to be disfran
chised and powerless evermore. We
know that we can maintain no such
position, and we are nowise inclined to
attempt it.
It is high time that the Southern Re
publicans should desist from hanging
arouud the neck ot the North, and be
gin to take care of themselves.—N. Y.
Tribune.
The memory of good actions is the
starlight of the soul.