Newspaper Page Text
xjoL L.
' -~ 1 A ^r■ r»ytt» v Bg,y
Jt. Ivl- o 5t :t.'/L B tSc B o 1ST,
EDITORS AN D PROPRIETORS.
"* -r* . • Ji:\ .
i r i ■ — -‘ >■' * - 1;r in Advance.
,,m ka r 1S i N <r—Persquare of tenliues, each
;ii 1,1. ■? * ■>'<• M.-,i Hiui others fui all
>ver $ 35,twent/-liveper cent.off.
LEtiAL AOVEllTISIXU.
/-nn.iry's.—Citationsfor tetter t ol ad-
<.Mtionjjwardi&ushlp'iiStc ou
, , s B ad notice 2 Ot)
M .mi lent or letters oi dism’u frontadni’n o 00
ltl .> i :' l >r idtersof dism'uofguara’u 3 50
itioufer leave to scli'Lanu 5 uo
......) Debtors au<l Creditors 3 00
.if ii i'id, per s[iiarc of ten lines 5 00
la sonal, ;i.;r sij., ten days j ho
••..• — Each levy otlcu lines, or less.. 2 50
t'lit^orc sales of ten lines or (css 5 00
:. v ■ j,i." tor’s saVes. per sq. (2 months) 5 00
orcclosin e ol mortgage and otli-
e r in mth'y's, per square 1 00
•<tmy notice*,thirty days... 3 00
I’.-,a lies ot Respect., liosolntions by Societies,
i .itiur'KiSiAto.,exceeding six tines, to be charged
. ,■ v u lien 1 advertising.
•/= 11! -1 <>f La id, by Administrators, Execn-
r ,la u Jians, are required by law, to be held
, .b first Tuesday in ihe.inonTu, between the
the forenoon and three in the af-
oart-iiouse in the county in which
■ j. j i jrtY ia s uated.
if a so i.cs must be given in a public
1 ‘ Id lay s previous to tile day of sale.
, ,<e f ■ ' --Me of personal property must be
. ;l iii. inner 10 days previous to sale day.
-^ £ i d-cotors and creditors of an estate
ii n f a, »o be published 40 days.
; , . v t application will be made to the
). Hilary for leave to sell laud, must be
, i ..isiic 1 far two months.
ms for letters of A1 ministration, Guar*
, i, .. i, ifci-.., must Pc published 30days—for dis-
,,;aa fro a A l.nmistratlon, month!y six months ;
j,smission 1 rum guardianship, 40 days.
far foreclosure of Mortgages must be
;,'i •! ntjtiihlg for font mouths—for establish-
>sl ,i ip ars./ur the full s puce of three months —
;i ,i.lading titles from Executors or Auminis-
-itars.where bond lias been given by the de-
>*!«1. Mil- full space of three mouths. Charge,
; j i.) > i-s quare of ton lines t\<r each insertion.
Pai.matioas will always be continued accord
■<’ . ujai. the legal requirements,unless oth
,! vise ordered.
’I) ; l 1 i \, I t ill) « 111X111) O
s i itJci;:\ x« Jo f:iU Jt Jcxxu xib. \
41 Third Street, Macon, Georgia.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14,
No. 50.
hPUc
JOHN HARIG,
SAVANNAH, GA.,
WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALER IN
Wime Candies,
FRENCH CONFECTIONERY,
Chocolades, Fruits, Nuls, Syrups and
Cordials.—Foreign and Domestic
doys and Fancy Goods.— Tin
and Mechanical Toys, Chi-
na and. IVax Dolls
ami Doll Heads.
China Vases anil Ornaments,
RUBBER GOODS, .
AGCcmleons and other Musical Instru
meats, Cutlery, Pocket-Books,
Work-Boxes, Dressing Cases,
Fancy Baskeis, Willow-
Ware, Fire-Works,
&c., &c., &c.
A line Tnifty Arctic’ Soda Fountain
with finest Fruit Syrups.
CY” Orders from the Country 'promptly
attended to and solicited. Our motto is,
FAIR. DEALING and GOOD GOODS.
Coiner of Broughton & Whitaker Streets,
SAVANNAH, GA.
April '20, 1869 10 tf
o:o:o-
Iv£ amifac turers
©r
S a d.d les.Uarness, Collars & c.
AND
1 Wholesale* and ZAstaii Scalers
IN
tSaadlery, Hardware, .ETooIs &c-
o:o
Harness, Skirting, Lace, Sole; Upper, Belting,
Patent and Enameled Leather, Enameled Cloths,
Calf and Lining Skins.
Our Saddles, Harness &c., are of our own Man
ufacture ; and we refer to those who have used
our work, concerning its merits. I
To Manufacturers, we would say : Our stock j
of Leather and other Goods in our line, is j
Large, and we aim to please in Price as well as j
Quality. _ j
We offer a great, variety of Whips, from which
the most fastidious cannot fail to make a selec
tion. As also, Horse and Saddle Blankets, Bug
gy .Ma s ,Ve
i •
Ti-T; • .1. - r , ’ - ^ J;'
| , ; -i'l
■ '*v
’Ft
: ; v*.-- - ia ?!
•J 1 a.- .YJ ‘
T:..i L
bp mr •
J
r
THE
MM & BAULK ORGAS CO.
WINNERS OF THE
PARIS EXPOSITION MEDAL,
Who have uniformly been awarded
HIGHEST HONORS
At Industrial Exhibitions
IN THIS COUNTRY, ,
So that their work is the acknoiclcdged standard
of excellence in its department, respectfully an
nounce that, with extended and perfected faeili-
ties, and by the exclusive use of recent improve
ments, they are now producing ijet more perfect
Or<runs than ever before, in great variety as to
style and piice, adapted to all public and private
uses; for Drawing Booms, Libraries, Music
Rooms, Concert Halls, Lodges. Churches, Schools,
&c , in plain and elegant cases, all of which they
nr- enabled by their unequalled facilities for man
ufacture to sell at prices of inferior work.
The recent improvements in these Organs have
so increased their usefulness and popularity that
they are unquestionably the most desirable in
struments obtainable for family use, as well as
Churches, Schools, &c., while the prices at which
they can be afforded ($50 to $1,000) adapt them
to the means and requirements of all classes.—
They are equally adapted to secular and sacred
music, are elegant as furniture, occupy little space,
are not liable to get out of order, (not requiring
tuning once where a pianoforte is tuned twenty
times) are very durable, and easy to learn to play
upon.
The M. & II. Organ Co. are now selling FOUR
OCTAVE.ORGAN'S for $50 each; FIVE OC
TAVE ORGANS, FIVE STOPS, with two sets
of VIBRATORS for $125, and other styles at
proportionate rates.
For testimony to the superiority of their Organs,
the Mason At Hamlin Organ Co respectfully 're
fer to the musical profession generally ; a majori
ty of the most prominent musicians in the coun
try, with many of eminence in Europe, having
given public testimony that the Mason & Hamlin
Organs c-xeel all others.
A circular containing this testimony in full will
be sent free to any one desiring it, also a descrip
tive circular, containing full particulars respect
ing these instruments, with correct drawings of
the different styles and the lowest prices, which
are fixed and invariable. Address*
THE MASON &. HAMLIN ORGAN CO,
59d Broad wav,New Y ork; 154 Tremout st., Boston
November 3d, Idol) 48 3t
sn
ardist o-.t? o isr
Iflitlual rife Insurance
O O J?JZ IP AIVY.
RICHMOND, VA.
EjP Persons desiring to insure their lives wil
call upon R- M. ORME, Jr.,Ag’t.
Milledgeville, May 19,1868 20 tf
‘‘Our Patent Adjustable Plough Back band,
commends itself to the Planter, by its being
adapted to large or small animals, and obviating
the necessity of moving it to the loins, when sliai-
Hiv ploughing is desired. I
We buy Hides, Furs, Wax, Wool, Moss and
Tallow.
September 28, ISG9 39 3m j
Frost, IEBIslcIu Go.,
liolesale & Retail Manufacturers cf & Dealers in
iFXiJRS'r CLASS
©
OF EVERY VARIETY.
69 BOWER Y, near Canal St., N. Y.
steamboats, hotels and public buildings.
Furnished at the Shortest Notice.
■W goods purchased of our house, guaranteed as
represented.
p ‘- w. Fiiost. Jas. black. Geo. Skyder.
September 21- I8«9 ■
X3r~ G-.W. JONES,
Btealdent enlist.
ALL DENTAL opera
tions performed with skill
and care. Artificial teeth
^inserted inall styles known
*to the profession.
Old cases, not comforta-
bly worn, can be made so.
Sold Plates taken in part pay mentfor Den-
rations.
dtfice. East Rooms Darien Bank building,
idgeville Oct. 13,1868. 41 tf
Low J?T*ices.
W HITE DINNER SETS,_ NEW LIMOGE
Shapes, 157 pieces, $26. Smaller size sets
proportionately low in prices.
WHITE TOILET SETS, 11 pieces, $3 20.
WHITE TEA SETS, 44 pieces, $4 00.
GOOD WATER GOBLETS, per dozen, $1 50.
GOOD WINE-GLASSES, per dozen, $1 00.
All other goods in our line equally low. Goods
packed for the country, or forwarded by Express,
C. O.D.
WASHIXUTOW MADLLYS,
Middle Cooper Institute Block,
Third and Fourth Aves., between 7th and 8th Sts.,
NEW YORK.
ZW Send for Illustrated Photograph and Cata
logue of Limoge Dinner, Tea and Toilet Sets,
mailed free.
October 19, 1869- 42 3m
T.
W. WHITE,
fjLtta /'ficif-a t - i£a u±,
MILL ED GE VILLE, GA.,
Will practice in this and the adjoining counties.
13?^ Applications for Homestead Exemptions
under the new law, and oiher business before the
Court of Ordinary, will receive proper attention.
- - 41 tf
October 13.18(58
Take Notice.
a LL PERSONS indebted to Joseph Lane, or
i<L to Joseph & Wu. N. Laue, are hereby no
tified that such claims must be adjusted on or
before August, 1869, next return day, or they v ill
certainly be placed iu the hands of an attorney
for collection.
We can no longer pay our liabilities with vague
promises of debtors. Our debtors MUST have
iiii’icy- Forbearance has at last ceased to be a vir
tue ; we therefore enrnestlij urge all wh-J are in
terested to come forward without delay, settle,
and thereby save us the unpleasant duty, and
themselves the expenses that must incur, of sue-
iuw out their claims.
JOSEPH LANE.
Milledgeville, Ga., June 8, 1869 23 tt
A PROCLAMATION.
G-eorgia-
By RUFUS, B BULLOCK, Governor of said State.
To the Vtople of Georgia:
The tecent renewal of active hostilities against the
person and property of colored citizens and white
Republicans by the orgamzed'bauds of secret as
sassins in certain portions of the State, seems to
indie ate a concert of action and a purpose on the
part of said organizations to persist in defying the
civil law.
It thereforo behooves tho good people of this
State to see to i: that the .couiuionweahh be not
further injured and defamed by the acts of per
sons who, it is believed, are wholly without inter
est in, or regard for, the welfare of the State.
It is the duty of every county, town, or muni
cipal corporate authority to ensure perfect protec
tion for life aud property to every resident vvithiu
their borders; and, whereas, iu many cases, the
locai officials fail to exercise efficient means to se
cure this result, the good citizens within such
limits—those having a material interest at stake,
or the best interest of the State at heart—should
see to it that prompt measures are at once taken
under the civil law to arrest and bring to punish
ment the members of these organizations of se
cret robbers and assassins. Under the statutes
at present in force, the Executive is prevented
from taking active measures for the suppression
of civil disorders, and it is therefore all the more
important that every good citizen should feel it
his individual duty to become a peace officer, and
to aid in securing to every inhabitant that'perfect
protection guaranteed by tbe Constitution, and
without which we cau never enjoy either civil lib
erty or material prosperity.
Outrages such as have heretofore iv*id are n- w
again disgracing our State, cannot be tolerated or
excused without involving the whole community.
The time has arrived when these outrages must
cease, or the good people of the whole .State will
be held responsible for llieir continuance.
To the end that no motive may bo wanting to
stimulate the people to action in bringing to pun
ishment the violators of the law, I hereby offer a
reward of FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS each
for the arrest, with evidence to convict, of the
person or persons engaged in the murder of Hon.
Joseph Adkins, white, a Republican Senator of
the 19th District.
Aud of the person or persons engaged in the
murder of Dr. Benjamin Ayer, white, a Republi
can Representative from the county.of Jefferson.
Aud of the person or persons engaged iu the
outrage •ommitted upon the person of William
Hardeman, white, of the county of Oglethorpe
when, on or about the 31st day of October last, he
was tied to a tree and brutally whipped, the out
rage having been committed by a body of dis
guised men for no other reason, as is alleged,
than that Hardeman was charged with being a
Radical.
And of the person or - 'persons engaged in the
outrage committed upon the-person otHon. Abra
ham Coiby, colored Representative from the
county.of Greene, who, on or about the 30th day
of October last, was taken from his bed at night
and cruelly beaten, the outrage having been com
mitted by a body of twenty-five or thirty disguised
melt for tbe reasou, as is alleged, that, he, the said
Colby visited Atlanta and requested of the milita
ry authorities protection for the free dm hit's school,
located in the town of Greenesboro’, iu the eouuty
of Grevne.
And of the person or Spsrsons engaged in the
depredation upon the office of the. Assessor of in
ternal Revenue for the United States Government
in the town of Washington, county of Wilkes, on
or about the night oi tho !3:h .instant, when, as
is alleged, the office was broken open, and books,
papers, &c., scattered and destroyed, and notices
left warning tho Assessor to leave the District.
And of the person or persons engaged in th6
assault upon the house of the Hon. Eli Barnes,
colored, Republican Representative from the
county of Hancock, when, as is alleged, a body of
masked men at or about the hour ot ! o’clock on
the night of tho 10th instant, surrounded his resi
dence and by threats of personal violence forced
him to leave the county. •
And of the person or persons, who, at or near
the hour ol 10 o’clock on tins night* of the 15th
instant, fired ten or twelve gunsbo’s into a camp
of colored laborers, on llie lino of the Ma
con & Brunswick Railroad, in the county of Tel
fair, whereby one man was killed and another se
verely wounded. «
And of the person, or persons, who, on.Thurs-
day night of „Court week, October term, about
midnight, said to be a body of sixty men in dis
guise, surrounded the residence of the Sheriff of
the county of Hancock, demanded and obtained
from him the keys of the jail and released from
the jail one James Oxford, white, a notorious out
law, awaiting his trial for the murder of John
Taylor, a respectable citizen of said eouuty.
Given under my hand and the great seal of the
State, at the Capitol, in the city of Atlanta, this
29th day of November, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred arid sixty-nine, and
of the independence of the United States the
ninety-fourth.
RUFUS B. BULLOCK, Governor.
By the Governor:
David G. Cai j iso, Secretary of State.
December 7, 1869 49 4t
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE.
“j*
JL
Haul in you
COTTOJ\
&
AND HAVE IT
Grinned. & Tacked
AT THE
STEAM COTTON GIN
ON
McIntosh Street—West of Wayne.
YVrth. Care <5c- Speed.
Separate rooms for each lot of Cotton.
OY’ First Comers first Served.,^)
Terms.—•$ 1 00 per hundred in, the
bale, or the Seed pays the toll.
JOHN JONES.
Milledgevilie, Sept. 7, 1869 36 tf
G. T. WIEDEMAN.
In the New Building opposite the Hotel.
HAVE JUST received a
a nice selection of Watches,
Jewelry, Diamonds, Clocks,
Silver A, Plated Ware, Guns,
Tistols, Cutlery, Musical In
struments & Walking Canes.
SPECTACLES
fitted by the urc of tho Optimeter. Call and ex
amiue my Goods. I will show them to you with
great pleasure, and will warrant each article as
represented.
Particular attention paid to the REPAIR
of tine Watches and Jewelry.
Milledgeville, Oct. 12,1869 41 tf
LOOK HERE.
rjHIE BEST VINEGAR in the city, is for sale
at L. N. Callaway’s, for $1 per gallon.
Milledgeville, September 7, 1869. 36 tf
To the Senate and
House of Representatives:
la coming before you for the lirst
time as Chief Magistrate of a great'na
Lion, it is with gratitude lo ihe Gi\er ol
all good for ihe many benefits we en
joy. We are blessed with peace a;
home, without entangling alliances a-
broad lo lorbode trouble ; with territo
ry unsurpassed in fertility—of area e-
qual lo the abundant sup ort of five
hundred millions of people, abounding
in every variety of useful mineral, in
quantity sufficient to supply the world
for generations, exuberant crops, vari
ety of climate, adapted to the produc
tion of every species of earth’s riches,
suited lo the habits, tastes and require
ments of every living thing. A popu
lation of 40,000,000 of free people,
speaking one language, facilities lor ev
ery mortal to acquire education, insti
tutions closing to none the avenue to
fame oi any fortune that may be cov
eted; freedom of pulpit, press and
school; revenue flowing into the na
tional treasury be}’ond requirements of
the government.
Happily, harmony is being rapidly
! restored within our own borders; tnan-
! ufaclures hitherto unknown inourcoun-
j try are {-springing up in all sections,
producing a degree of national inde
pendence unequalled by any other pow
er. These blessings and countless
others are entrusted to your care and
mine for safe keeping, for the brief pe
riod of our tenure of office. In a short
lime we must each of us return to ihe
ranks of the people, who have conferred
our honors, and account to them for our
stewardship. I earnestly desire that
neither you nor I may be condemned
by a Iree and enlightened constituency,
nor by our consciences.
Reconstruction—What he says about Ga.
Emerging from a rebellion of gigan
tic magnitude, aided as it was by the
sympathies' and assistance of nations
with which we-were at peace, eleven
Stales of the Union were four years
ago left without legal Stale govern
ments.
A national debt had beef! contract
ed ; American commerce was almost
driven from the seas; the industry of
one-half the country had been taken
from the control of capitalists and plac
ed where all labor rightfully belongs,
in the keeping of the laborer. The
work of restoring State Governments
loy’al to the -Union, of protecting and
fostering free labor and providing the
means for paying the interest on the
public debt, has received ample atten
tion from Congress. Although your
efforts have not met with success in all
particulars that might have been de
sired, yet, on the whole, they have
been more successful than could have
been reasonably anticipated. Seven
States which passed ordinances of se
cession, have been fully restored to
their places in the Union. The eighth
(Georgia) held an election at which she
ratified her Constitution, republican in
form, elected a Governor, members of
Congress, a State legislature and other
officers required.
The Governor was installed, the Le
gislature met and performed all acts
then required o! them by the recon
struction arts of Congress. Subse
quently, however, in violation of the
constitution which they had just rati
fied, as since decided by-the Supreme
Court of-the State, they unseated col
ored members of the Legislature and
admitted to their seats some members
who are disqualified by the third clause
of the fourteenth amendment—an arti
cle which they, themselves, bad con
tributed to ratify. Under these circum
stances, I would submit to you wheth
er it would not be wise, without delay,
to enact a law authorizing the Gover
nor of Georgia to convene the mem
bers originally elected to the Legisla
ture, requiring each to take (fie oath
prescribed by the reconstruction acts,
and none to be admitted who are ineL
igible under that clause of the amend
ment.
The Freedmen.
The freedmen, under the protection
which they have received, are making
rapid progress in learning, and no com
plaints are heard of lack of" industry on
their part, where they receive fair re
muneration for their labor.
The means provided tor paying the
interest on the public debt, with all
other expenses of the government, are
more than ample.
The loss of our commerce is only
the result of the late rebellion, which
has nol received sufficient attention
from you. To this subject I call your
earnest attention. I will not now sug
gest plans by which this object may be
effected, but will, if necessary, make
H the subject of a special message dur
ing the session of Congress.
Virginia, Mississippi and Texas.
The March term of Congress, by a
joint resolution, authorized the Execu
five to order elections in the States of
Virginia, M ississippi and Texas, to
submit to them Constitutions which
each had previously framed, and to
submit the Constitutions either entire
or in separate parts, to be voted upon
At the discretion of the Executive,
under this authority, elections were
called in Virginia. The election took
place'on the Glh of July. The Gover
nor and Lieutenant Governor elected
have been installed ; the Legislature
met and did all required by this reso
lution and by all ihe reconstruction
acts of Congress, and abstained from
all doubtful authority. I recommend
that her Senators and Representatives
be promptly admitted to their seats,
and that the State be fully restored to
its place in the family of Stales*.
Elections were called in Mississippi
and Texas, to commence on the 3@iii
of November—two Jays in Mississippi
and lour days in Texas. The elections
have taken place, but the result is noi
known. ~ >
It is hoped that the acts of the Legis
latures ot ih'-se Slates, when they
meet, will be such as lo receive yuur
approval, and thus close the work ol
1 1 X
reconstruction.
The Currency—Specie Payment.
Among the evils growing out of ihe
rebellion aud not referred to, is that of
an irredeemable currency. It is an
evil which 1 hope will receive your
most earnest attention. It is a duty—
one of the highest duties—of the gov
ernment to secure to citizens a medium
of exchange of fixed and unvarying
value. This implies a return to a spe
cie basis, and no substitute 1 for it can
be devised. It should be commenced
now and reached at the earliest prac
ticable moment consistent with a fair
regard to the interests of the debtor
class. Immediate resumption, if prac
ticable, would not be desirable, li
would compel the debtor class to pay
beyond their contracts, the premium
on gold at the date of their purchase,
and would bring bankruptcy and ruin
to thousands. Fluctuation, however,
in the paper value ot the measure of
all values, gold, is detrimental to ihe
interests of trade. Jt makes the man
of busieess an involuntary gambler, for
jin all sales where future payment is to
j be made, hath parties speculate as to
j what will be the value of rite currency
j to be paid and received.
Receipts and Expenditures.
The report* of the Secretary of the
Treasury shows the receipts of the
government for tbe fiscal year ending
Jane 30, to be $370,943,747 ; expen
ditures including interests, bounties
ect., to be $321,490,-597 ; estimates for
tiie ensuing year are more favorable to
the government and will nodoubt show
a much Larger decrease of the public
debt. The receipts in .the Treasury
beyond expenditures have exceeded
the amount necessary Lo place the cred
it of the sinking fund as provided by
law ; to lock up the surplus in the
Treasury and withhold it from circu-
On the :96th of March last, the Unit
ed Slates schooner, Lizzie Major >vas
arrested on high seas bv a Spanish
frigate, and two passengers taken and
carried prisoners to Cuba. Represen
tations of these facts were made to the
Spanish Government as soon as official
information reached Washington, and
tire two passengers were set at liberty^
and the Spanish Government, assured
the Untied Stales that the Captain ol
the frigate in making ihe capture had
acted without law; that lie had been
reprimanded, and that the Spanish au
thorities iu Cuba would nut sanction
any act that would violate the lights or
ation, would lead to such a contrac- j treat with disrespect ihe sovereignty of
lion of currency as to cripple trade and j this nation. The question of the seiz-
serioosly afiecl ihe prosperity of the
country.
Under these circumstances, the Sec
retary of the Treasury and myself
heartily concurred in the propriety of
using all surplus currency in the Treas
ury in purchasing .government bonds-,
thus reducing the interest bearing in
debtedness of ihe country, and of sub
mitting to Congress the question of the
disposition to he made ot bonds so pur
chased. Bonds now held by the Treas
ury amount to $7-5,009.000, including
those belonging to the sinking fund. I
recommend that the whole be placed
to the credit of the sinking fund.
Recommends the Creation of a Commis
sioner of Customs, Revenue.
Your attention is especially directed
to the recommendations of the Secre
tary of the Treasury for ihe creation
of the office of Commissioner ol Cus
toms and Revenue; for increased sala
ry of certain classes of officials, and
the substitution of increased national
bank circulation to replace the out
standing three per* cent, certificates;
ami most especially to ins recommend
ation for the repeal of the laws allow
ing shares of fines, penalties, forfeit
ures, etc., to officers oi'llie government
ty ll u-
w the
j 1 earnestly recommend to you, then,
J such legislation as will insure a.gradu- j or 10 informers,
j al return to specie payments, and put j Internal Revenue
i an immediate stop to the fluctuation in
; value of currency. The methods to
j secure the former of these result’s are
| as numerous as speculators on politi-
! cal economy. To secure tlie latter, 1
: sec but one way, and that is to author*
I ize the treasury to redeem its own pa-
! per at a fixed price, whenever present
ed. and to withhold from circulation al!
currency so redeemed until sold again
! for gold. The vast resources of the
j nation, both developed and undevel-
joped, ought to make our credit the
best on earth. With a less burden as
taxation than citizens have endured for
six years past, the entire public debt
could be paid in ten years, but it is not
desirable that the people should be
taxed to pay it in that time.
The Public Debt.
Year by year the abiiitv to pay in
creases in rapid ratio, but burden of
interest ought to be reduced rapidly as
soon as it can. without violation of con
tract. The public debt is represented
in great part by bonds, having from
five to twenty aud from leu to forty
years to run, bearing interest at the
rate of six a id five per cent, respect
ively. It is optional with the govern
ment to dispense with these bonds at
the earliest period after their expira
tion in tha least time mentioned upon
their face. The time has already ex
pired when a great part may be taken
up, and rabidly approaching when all
may be. It is believed that all which
are now due may be replaced by bonds
bearing a rate of interest not exceeding
four and a half per cent., and as rapid
ly as the remainder become due that
they me}’ be replaced in the same way.
To accomplish this, it may be necessa
ry lo authorize the interest to be paid
at either of three or four of the money
centres of Europe or by any assistant
treasurer of the United Stales at the
option of holder of bond. I suggest
this subject for the consideration of
Congress, and alsosimultaneously with
this proposition redeeming our curren
cy as before suggested at. its market
value at the time the law goes into ef
fect, increasing the rate at which cur
rency’ will be bought and sold from
day to day or week to weekjxt the
same rate of interest as gold nays upon
its bonds.
The Tariff—Tuxes—Reduction Recom
mended.
The subject of tariff and internal tax
ation will necessarily receive your at
tention. The revenues of the country
are greater than the requirements, and
may with safety be reduced ; but as
the funding of the debt in a lour or four
and a half per cent, loan would reduce
the annual current expenses largely ;
thus, after funding, justifying a greater
reduction •of taxation than would be
now expedient. I suggest the post
ponement of Lhi3 question until the
next meeting ot Congress. It may be
advisable to modify taxation and tariff
in instances where unjust or burden
some discriminations are mads by the
present law, but a general revision of
tiie laws regulating this subject, I re
commend postponement for the pres
ent. I also suggest a renewal of the
tax on incomes, but at a reduced rate,
say three per cent., and this tax to ex
pire in three years—with the funding
of the national debt, as here suggested.
1 feel sale in saying that taxes and
revenue from imports may be reduced
safely from sixty to eighty millions per
annum at once, and may be still fur
ther reduced from year to year, as the
resources of the country develop.
The office of Commissioner of Inter
nal Revenue, one of the most arduous
and responsible under the government,
falls little short of Cabinet position in
its importance and responsibilities. I
would ask for it, therefore, such legis
lation as in your judgment wiil place
the office upon that footing of dignity
commensurate with its importance,
and with a character and qualifications
of that class of men required to fill it
properly.
Foreign Relations— Cuba.
As the United States is freest of all
ure of the brig Mary Lowell, at
ma, by Spanish authorities, is now tjie
snbjeet of correspondence Ire tween tin’s
Government, Spain and Great Britain.
The Captain General of Cuba about
May las;, issued a proclamation author
izing the search of vessels on the high
seas. Immediate. remonstrance was
made against this, whereupon the Cap
tain General issued a new proclama
tion and limited the search to vessels
of the United States authorized by the
treaty of 1G99. This proclamation,
however, was immediately withdrawn.
I have always fell that the most in
timate relations should be cultivated
between the United Slates and inde
pendent nations on this continent. It
must be weil worth considering wheth
er the new treaties between Us and
them may not be profitably entered in
to, lo secure more intimate relations,
friendly, commercial and otherwise.
The Darien Canal.
The inter-oceanic canal, to connect
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, thro*
the Isthmus of Darien, is one in which
commerce is greatly interested. In
structions have been given cur minis
ters to the United States of Columbia,
to endeavor to obtain authority for a
survey, to determine the practicability
ot the undertaking. In order to com
ply with the agreement of the United
States to the annexed commission at
Lima, for the adjustment of claims, it
becomes neccessary to send a commis
sioner and secretary to Lima.
The good offices of the United States
to bring about peace between Spain
and the South American Republics
liaviig been accepted by Spain, Peru
and Chili, a Congress has been invited
to be held in Washington during the
present winter.
Nicaraugua.
A grant has been given to Europe
ans oi an exclusive right of transit over
nations, so, too, ils people sympathise j the territory of Nicaraugua, to which
with all people struggling lor liberty Costa Rica has given its assent, which
aud self-gov.ernmewt. Dot, while so | , s alleged conflicts with vested rights
sympathising, it is due to our honor Lq citizens of the United Slates. The
that \vc should abstain from enforcing Department of State has now this sub
ject under consideration.
The Spanish Gunboats.
The minister of the Peruvian Gov
ernment lias made representations that
there was war between Peru and Spain
and that Spain was constructing in or
near New York thirty gunboats, which
dmiiiisltalion with these ques- ! might be used by Spam lo release her
For more than a year a valua- naval force at Cuba, Jo operate agaiust
Peru. Orders were given to prevent
their departure. No further steps have
been taken by the representative of the
our vews upon unwilling nations, and
from taking an interested [tart, with in
vitation, in quarrels between different
nations, or between governments and
their subjects. Our course should al
ways be iu conformity with strict jus
tice and law. In international and lo
cal affairs, such has been the poliev of
the
non:
ble province of Spain, ami a near neigh
bor of ours, in whom all our .people
cannot but feel deep interest, has been
snuggling for independence and free- j Peruvian Government to prevent the
dom. The people and government of j departure of these vessels, and I, not
the United States entertain the same feeling authorized to detain the prop-
warm feelings aud sympathies for the erty of a nation with which we are at
people ot Cuba, in their pending strug- i peace, on mere Executive order, the
gie, that they manifested throughout | matter was refeired to the Courts,
the previous struggles between Spain! The conduct of the war between the
and her former colonies in behalf of j allies and Republic of Paraguay, has
the latter; but the contest has at no | made intercourse with that country
time assumed conditions which amount
to war, in the sense of inlet national
law, or which would show the evidenc
es of a de facto political organization of
insurgents sufficient to justify a recog
nition ol belligerency. The •principle
is maintained, however, that this na
tion is its own judge when to accord
rights of belligerency either to a peo
ple struggling'to Iree themselves trom
a government they believe lo be op
pressive, or to independent nations ai
war with each other. The United
Slates have no disposition to interfere
with the existing relations of Spain to
her colonial possessions on this con
tinent.
They believe that in due lime Spain
and other European powers will find
their interest in terminating those re
lations and establishing their present
dependencies as independent powers.
Those dependencies are no longer re
garded as subject to transfer from one
European power to another. When
the present relation of colonies ceases,
they are to become independent pow
ers, exercising the right of choice and
of self-control in the determination of
their future condition and indications
with other powers. The Uni led States,
in order to put a stop lo bloodshed in
Cuba, and for ihe interest of the neigh
boring people, proposer! good offices to
bring the existing condition to a ter
mination ; but the offer nut being ac
cepted by Spain, on the basis on which
we believed it could be received by
Cuba, it was withdrawn. It is hoped
that the good offices of the United
States may yet prove advantageous for
the settlement of this unhappy strife.
Meanwhile, a number of illegal expe
ditions against Cuba have been broken
up. It has been the endeavor of the
Administration to execute the neutrali
ty laws, no matter how unpleasant the
taste, made so by the suffering we have
endured from lack ol like good faith
towards lis by other nations.
difficult. It has been deemed advisa
ble to withdraw our representative
from there.
The Alabama Claims, i!)?.
Towards the close of the last admin
istration, a Convention was held in
London for the settlement of outstand
ing, claims between Gre.at Britain and
the United States, which failed to re
ceive the advice and consent of the
Senate. The time and circumstances
attending the negotiation of that treaty
were unfavorable to its acceptance by
the people of the United States, and its
provisions were wholly inadequate for
the settlement of grave wrongs sus
tained by this government. Injuries
resulting to the United States by rea
sou of the course adopted by Gieat
Britain during the war, increased the
rates ot insurance, in diminution ot
transports and exports and other ob
structions to the domestic industry and
progress ; in its effect on the foreign,
commerce of the country ; in the de
crease and transfer lo Great Britain of
our commercial marine ; in the pro-*
gress of the war and the increase of ils
cost, both in treasure and the del
ing of ils supptession, could noi be ad
justed and satisfied, as ordinary com
mercial claims which continually arise
between commercial nations. And yet
the Convention treated them simply as
such ordinary claims, from which they
differ more widely in the gravity of
their character than the magnitude ot
their amount. Great even as is that
difference, not a word was found in
the treaty and not an inference could
be drawn from it, to remove the sense
of unfriendliness of the course of Great
Britain, in our struggle for existence,
which had so deeply and universally
impressed itself upon the people of this
country, that a Convention thus mis
conceived in ils scope, and inadequate
in its provisions, would not have pro
duced the hearty, cordial settiemerri of
/