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in smaller places than is generally done. Wheat and oat straw, oak leaves, hay, grass or other vegetable matter, should be freely used for litter. Avoid pine stiaw n pine saw-dust or pine shavings, all being injurious to an\ land, by the resinous principles they contain. Better burn them and apply their ashes upon the land. Coin, instead ol being harvested in the manner generally pi act-iccd by pulling of the leaves should be cut of I' near the ground, nnd the stalks used in making manure. Repeated expe rience has shown conclusively that there is less io.-s by shrinkage in the grain, by being harvested in the latter mode than by pulling the fodder. We have in the corn stalks one of the best and most abundant of raw materials to operate with. Manure should be c olk\ ted every day or two in as large heaps as possible—the surface made smooth, so as to give as little chance for evaporation as possible—the outside covered with earth, or put under cover. The best meilmd is, to have large quantities ol muck or leaf mould, or good rich earth brought in the yard, and the manure daily mixed with a portion of it. Every load of fresh manure, mixed with three or four loads of muck under cover, '.' ill cause each load es tie. mass to become equal to its bulk of clear.manure, for purposes of fertilization. This arises from the escaping gases given off from the manure during feimentation, being absorbed by the divisor. A igh(, sob' being produ ced from the richest food, contains the largest quantity of fertilizing principles. It, can be used with the bet t re sults upon all crops. Those with dedicate nerves can use it under tiic name of poudretu ', but this article is easily produced by using liberal quantities of charcoal dust and gypsum—causing it to loose all obnoxious smell by fixing the ammonia. The excrements of fowls are also a rich fertilizer—that from pigeons being the strongest, it is equal to half its quantity of guano, if kept under cover. The latter being an animal manure, and when.pure, of a highly concentra ted nature, may be used to advantage on any land ; but ii improperly applied, it either destroys the crop or loses its fertilizing properties. The purely Vegetable manures, consist, of vegetal*!* - ploughed under, in a green state. Cow-peas are one of the best plants at our command. Cabbages sown very thickly comes next, but Clover or Lueern are superior to either. If Lime is convenient, it is advisable to spread from thir ty to fifty bushels of slaked compost lime to the acre, be fore plowing the crop in. This method, where other ma nurcs are not obtainable, will be found an easy and cer tain one to ameliorate our lands, especially such soils as are deficient in vegetable fibre. One maxim should govern the progress of the Agricul turist, and that is, that in order to keep his land in a con stant state of fertility, he must re-place in fertilizing parts every year as much as he removes from it in the form of produce ; but an increase of fertility can only be gained when more is added than is taken away. The great fault with our planters, is to use manure, when used, upon land not prepared in a form to receive it. Deep ploughing is essential. In general, all manures containing ammonia should be plowed in—the others, containing salts, should: be used as a top-dressing. The former escapes—the let ter penetrates. —Communicated from Transactions of the ffichmoud County (Gu.) Ay'l 8 -eiety. 80l TiiEiiN CULTIVATOR. SPASING COWS* Editors Southern Cultivator. —For the benefit of C. A., ol Memphis Tennessee, 1 will state what I know of spaying cows. Sum- thirty years ago, my brother who then lived in South Carolina, spayed two cows, which he kept in Ids stable lot. Had them housed, curried and rub bed, as legularly as l.is horses, and he told rue that they gave him milk and butter for his family, seven whites, and a number of darkies. He kept them giving milk for some sown or eight years, and then drove them to Charleston and sold them for beef cattle. No one would believe they i were spayed. I spayed two cows when I came to Enter prise to live, and kept them giving milk for several years, f bclivo they will continue to give milk as long as they live, if well fed and regularly milked. 1 found no de crease in iii} cows milking. My cows kept very fat, and gave rich milk. Respectfully, Cl. VV. Donv. Lnivrpr-se, Jim*., oiavc/i B ih, 1807' From the Macon Telegraph, Jan. lb. Ol t A rLMCTICAL IT Alt HI 1511. Editors Tkleoharh —Gentlemen : 1 send you an ex tinct from a letter received by me from J)a\iu Dickson, of Hancock county. The stress of the iate war drove me into his m igliborhood, and gave nut an opportunity of learning much of the system and success of this enterpri sing planter. Fifteen years before the war, lie commenced planting on what was eonsidcretl light sandy lands, much exhausted, with a capital of -$25,01)0. When the war broke out, his capital was eighteen times larger. This re suit was brought about by his clingy and system ; by im proved modes of culture; by improvements in agricultu ral implements; by attention to the health and comfort of his luboi' rs ; bv nursing and protecting his stock ; and care bestowed upon his bees, his orchards and dairy. Above all, and mainly, bis golden harvest was reaped from the judicious use of Fertilizers. Believing the views lie advances will be interesting to your agricultural readers, the extract from his letter is submitted, with the hope that his example may bo imitated by our planters. Vours, respectfully, JAMES A. XISBET. EXTRACT. During the last year, 1 learnt some valuable new lessons: One was the training of hands to do double the amount of work, with more case and less waste of sweat and muscle. My former hands being better trained than oth ers, had better oilers than 1 could give, and nine tenths ol them left me. 1 then employed hands from ns many as forty plantations’, and got none that knew how to work to any advantage, i had hands before the war that could pick GOO pounds of cotton in a day, all by day-light, and all bands that went to the field averaged 300 pounds per day, without a lick or any white man in the field. All of my trained hands have now applied to come back, prefer ring om.-third of the crop gathered on my place, to onc lmit on the places woiked last year. Whilst I owned them they told me to plant 33 acres iu corn and cotton, and 17 acres in wheat and oats, and they would cultivate it with my aid, in preference to 20 acres under an over seer, and could do it with more ease. My crops before the war averaged me £I,OOO per hand. I divided thus: £2OO for manure; £2OO for horse power, tools, Ac.; S3OO for land and £3OO for labor. Aly estimate is now, when hands work well, to divide as follows: First, take pay for all purchased manure—the balance to go one-third lor land-rent —one-third for horse-power and all tools, including Gin, wagons, carts, wheat-thrasher, Ac., hoes and axes excepted, which each hand should fur- 101