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a; and freely indulging these sentiments
uls that gent’eman in his legislative anti in-
mil capacity, 1 regret tlie necessity I am un-
f answering his arguments 5 but believing
bill to be important in its consequences to the
e, l cannot hesitate in the course I am bound
orsne. The gentleman from Elbert likewise
its that the establishment of free schools, if
ticable, would produce immense advantages
le State ; but lie doubts its practicability, ami
e lie admits its utility in part, lie doubts much
its practical operation. Bv both the gen-
cn it is admitted, that S'2.50,000 would be
cient to establish one or more free schools in
i county in the state 5 but the gentleman from
ert contends that we should not pretend to
iu operation t is system until the state could
a permanent fund of half a million of dol-
iu bank or other profitable stock, tor the pur-
of fully completing the designs of the legis.
re. The policy in public measures which go-
ns a legislature, should comport with that fio-
wliich influences individuals in private trtins-
ious, and 1 would enquire if an individual in
vatc life, should abandon a pursuit which lie
med wise and proper, merely because he could
, for want of means, extend its influence as
cly, and make it individually as profitable as
e others ? No, Sir. This policy would be do-
-ctive of every principle of industry and en-l
prise ; and as in private, so in public life, l
uld always advise that course which would re-
t in happiness. The happiness of a state or
ion, does not consist exclusively in its pecun-
y wealth, but measurably in the knowledge and
tue of its citizens. In a republic, it is impor-
t, that the mass of the people should be en-
tened ; and in proportion to the means afford-
them, will»enius and talents tie elicited. Nuth-
can so effectually perpetuate our republic, as
dissemination of useful knowledge—for bv
alone, can free men fully' understand ami ap-
iate their rights. In governments which are
potic and tyrannical, it is necessary to keen
minds of the people uncultivated and ensiav-
; tor whenever the minds of a community arc
lighttned, the chains of despotism will he burst
ruler. I must therefore contend that if we
sire to perpetuate this republic, and hand it
wn unimpaired to posterity, that we cannot, as
e representatives of the people, perform a d tv
well calculated to effect this desirable object,
by the passage <if this law. By the pasture
this bill, we afford an opportunity, to the cliil-
en of the poor and suffering, to the discons date
d forlorn orphan the same lair prospects of fo
re fame ami aggrandizement that are held nut
d presented to the sons of the more wealthy.
iThegentleman from Elbert denies tliathe is any
jw hostile to the bill now under consideration,
d acknowledges that il he deemed the proposi-
u practicable, he wouid go hand in hand with
friends of tlie bill, to perfect its designs ; but
lieving that our means are insufficient, and that
are not prepared to encounter so grand and
gnaninious a scheme, the more especially as
bill for internal improvements in navigation
been acted on—he was bound to oppose the
asure. I fully estimate the gentleman’s liberal
icy, and cordially promise my co-operation in
support of the hill for interna! improvement
navigating our rivers. This is a subject which
■ply interests the people of Georgia, and
ile I feel and acknowledge the importance of
s subject, I cannot hut connect a dissemination
knowledge with that great and liberal poliev
internal improvement. The gentleman from
bel t likewise objects to the passage of this bill,
cause, hereafter in case of war, we might have
all for the money thus applied, and that tliere-
e we should be cautious as to our expenditures,
gree with the gentleman as to the necessity of
ution and economy in the application of the. pub-
funds ; hut in as much as our tunds arc am-
suffii ient to the accomplishment of all, our usc-
and benevolent designs, and as they are now
actively employed, and by this bill as presented
us. we cannot touch tiie principal, hut only usc-
Iv apply ’ the interest accruing, I can see no
lection to vesting the contemplated fund in
lk stock, to effect so desirable an object,
f v *rtue and knowledge are estimables ; if great-
facilities of disseminating useful information
to be desired, I call upon the legislature to
ter and cherish this bill. These are the noble
signs contemplated by this measure, and L
relore solemnly appeal to the good sense and
raljty of the legislature to afford it that foster-
aiu which the importance of the subject (le
nds. in giving my vote in support of this
asure, t shall consider that I have faithfully
charged my duty to my country and to myself,
d tha t l nave promoted the cause of science and
inanity.
MR. JOHN A. dUTHBERT.
of a school. At least one fourth of the whole
number of scholars already computed, will be in
this condition, and will defray at least one fourth
of the expense of the eighty schools. Five thou
sand dollars of the public fund thus saved, may
be employed in supporting twenty additional
schools, containing eight hundred scholars. Then
a permanent fund of two hundred and fifty thou
sand dollars, yielding an annual interest of twen
ty thousand dollars, will maintain one hundred
schools, and constantly furnish tho means ol in
struction to four thousand scholars, who must
otherwise grovel in ignorance.
Agreeably to tlie plan adopted in the county ol
Liberty, each - bool, at tlie expi.ution ol three
years, may be removed to a second site ; at the
expiration of six years to a third site; and, at the
expiration of nine years may return to its original
ite, when fts first scholars are passing into those
busy life, for which its instruction have in some
measure prepared them, and another race lias
arisen to occupy their seats in school.
Thus one school will supply the wants of three
neighborhoods j and one hundred schools thus
conducted will produce an effect almost as bene
ficial as three hundred schools.
If we adopt a system, by which in every period
of three years, four thousand yo mg persons pass
through a course of instruction, in forty-live years
( even should the fund not he increased) sixty
thousand persons will have been thus educated,
tlie ol test of w hom will be about sixty years ol
age : and after deducting for deaths, there will be
about fifty thousand living persons, who have
been educated by the charity of the state.
Here, sir, are calculations, whose first princi
ples are deduced from a successful experiment
mode in our own state, ami whose results are in
disputable. I) 1 they not amply prove that the
systeoi is practicable among us ? and that the sum
proposed t> be appropiated, may tic made to pro
duce on effect that will be deeply and per
manently felt throughout our state? it is not
contended that by this sTim, it can be carried
into full operation; ami perhaps it would not be
prudent to employ a larger fund until we have
been taught by the exprience of a few years, per
fectly to adapt the institutions designed lor pub
lic education to the various local characteristics
of the different portions of our country. If the
plan is found practicable and beneficial, the fund
may be increased by a reserve of a small propor
tion of our western lands, as tu render education
universal in our state.
The gentleman who introduced this bill, and
its other advocates, have so eloquently described
tne advantages of education, that it is unnecessa
ry for me to dwell on this part of the subject, and
I will subjoin but a few remarks. We know the
tender solicitude which a parent feels for the wel
fare of Ids offspring, for some of us are parents—
With what assiduous vigilance do we watch over
the education of our children!—What innocent
pleasure animates our hearts, what sweet hope
swells our bosoms at every little trait of their buil
ding virtue, at every indication of their expand
ing genius ! Our indigent fellow-citizens are con
stituted with the same lender parental affections ;
when'fortune smiles, they too can exuit in the
welfare of their offsprings. But dejected by the
frowns, unable by education to fortify the virtue,
to enlighten the minds, to enlarge the understand
ings of their children, to prepare them for lucra
tive employments or a respectable situation in
society, and about to leave them only the sad in
heritance of their abject poverty, with vvliat me
lancholy forebodings, with what distressing fears
must their hearts be agitated for the fate oftheir
offspring ! And can we be indifferent on a sub
ject so intimately blended with the happiness ol a
large number of our brethren ? And shall we not
engage with zeal in the establishment of an insti
tution, which will shine, with the mild lustre of
the sitting sun on the evening of their days.
In estimating the importance of the benefits,
which we shall at tha same time bestow on their
indigent off pring, we must reflect that education
is valuable, not for the ideas vviilcl) it immedi
ately communicates, but because it trams us in
tlie art of thinking for ourselves ; not for the
knowledge of letters which it imparts, but because
in imparting this, it confers on us the keys of all
knowledge. Let us not forget that it opens to
them the sacred oracles. I ardently love, 1 pro
foundly revere tlie teachers of our holy religion ;
but history informs how depraved is the morality,
how gross is the superstition of a people entirely
dependant on human teachers for their religious
instruction. As the stream of sacred knowledge
is liable to be corrupted by the impure channels
through which it flows, how important is it, to as
cend to the fountain-head, there to drink its pure
and healing waters.
The diffusion of knowledge, while it promotes
tlie happiness of individuals, will give health and
strength and permanency to our republican insti-
Cnder our excellent government, frail)-
p-iblic offices, there is incessant dang*,- that it
will by degrees degenerate into an aristocracy, ni
ne suddcnlv transformed into a monarchy. An
ignorant people are ever liable to be misled, de
ceived, betrayed and trampled upon. But let the
mass of tlie people be well informed, let every
citizen be so educated, that if endowed with na
tural talents, lie may aspire to the highest offices;
tht'ii power will be equally divided, the design
of ambition may be detected and resisted, and our
liberties will be safe.
On this occasion we should reflect that out
country lias a claim upon tlie mental, no less than
the bodily services of her people; that she has a
soecies of property in the talents of her citizens.
These talents should not remain like diamonds in
the mine, unknown, unpolished, and useless. By
a system of public education, she may draw from
tlie most obscure fa oilies her wisest statesmen to
direct her political destinies, the must gallant he
roes to lead her sous to battle, and to crown her
name with laurels. _
If we refer t) established institutions, which arc
at once practicable and in the highest degree ben.
eficial, what will be the eelings of our country ?
May it not be said, that we are deaf to the cries
of the unhappy ; that we look with a cold, con
temptuous eye on the privations and sufferings of
poverty, that we have a secret bias towards aris-
'ocracy ? But such feelings do not pervade this
House ; and 1 trust we will adopt a measure bv
which the state will become a father to the father
less, a helper to the helpless and a protector to
the poor. If ever an act were humane, this will
be humane ; if ever a measure were parental, e-
ver patriarchal, this will be parental, will be pa
triarchal : if ever a policy were renublican, this
will be truly republican. By the sublime and in
teresting dulv which we are now called to per
forin, we will visit the humblest cot with the
blessings of education, and diffuse the light of
knowledge over the whole expanse of our coun
try.
NEW GOODS.
NOHTJT. noWB CO. MILI.KIIOIivrtT.K,
H AVE just received, and offer for sale at their
Store next door east of l*. Jaillett’s, a gene
ral assortment of DRY GOODS, consisting part,
of the following articles, viz. blue, black uml
mixed Cloths, blue and black Cassimeres, red, yel
low and white Flannels ; worsted, silk and Mar
seilles Vesting; Sarnets, Sinchews anil double
Florence Silks ; Canton Crapes and black Can
ton Shawls ; Levantine and Imitation Shawls ;
lackonet Muslin ar.d Muslin Robes ; plain and
figured Cambric ; Waterloo amt Furniture'-Cali
co; Cotton, Maddrass and Silk Handkerchiefs;
black and checked Canton do ; Silk ami worsted
Hose; Linnen and Cotton Shirting s Beaver and
Silk Gloves; black and colored Boiubazet;—
Whitney Blankets, etc. etc. etc. >
Also, a general assortment of GROCERIES,
all of which will be sold at very reduced prices.
December ‘2:2.
H
Till)MAS M. BUSH,
AVING bought out Frederick Johnson, Esq.
in Cracker's Neck, respectfully informs his
obi friends and acquaintances that he intends con
tinuing the Store at the same place, a id in addi
tion to what was on hand, lie lias added a com
plete Assortment, which will be sold on as ac
commodating terms as can be afforded in the
country. '1 he highest prices allowed for any
kind of produce.
Milledgcville, December 23.
MfLI,ED r ircVILliE.
ruKSuvy, dmckmuku 23, 1817.
We understand that tlie troops under the com
mnml of Gon’l Glascock marched from Fort Haw
kins on Tuesday last, for the Seminole nation
Oen’l Floyd, in compliance with orders from
the Executive, Ins directed Brig. Gen’l Franci
Hopkins to detail and organize from bis brigade,
without delay, 500 men, to be held subject to the
order of general Gaines.
At the late commencement of the S. C. Col
lege the degree of Master of Arts was conferred
on Mr. James Uaro.-ik. nrnfessor of Mathematics
in the University nf Georgia. At the same time
the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on
Mr. Hiram B. Troutman and Mr. James P. Seri
ven of this State.
Officers of the Prnih'Utiar’i—Mr. Cornelius
M’Cartey. principal keeper; Mr. Fielding Ruck
er, assistant keener ; Mr. Briton Huckabv. turn
key : Messrs. Seaton Grantland, Simon Whita
ker, Tomlinson F n t. Hines Holt, Thomas II. Ke
nan. Samuel Boykin, Myles Greene, Tho. Ford,
and Zachariali Lamar, Inspectors.
Governor Rid gel v bus been re-elected governor
of tlie State of Maryland.
The Legislature adjourned on Saturday last.
A list of the acts wifi be published next week.
MARRIED,
Tn Putnam eountv, on Thursday last. Mr. William.If lit
to Miss Frances Cox, daughter of Mr. Cary Cox. On
Tuesday last, Mr. Alonzo Church, l-ector of the Batonton
Academy, to Miss Sarah T one.
DIED,
In Putnam county, a few days ago. 'Ira Sarah I,sne, con
sort of James Cane, F.sq. Lately in S- lem, (M.) (ten.
Fro'vriin-hield. Esq. n .v gator of'lie Cleopatra's barge
WILL BE HIRED,
O N Thursday the 1st January next, at tlie
Court-House in Milledgeville, for one year,
five Negroes, the property of Polly It. Nulley,
orphan of Daniel Nollev, deceased.
IIINES HOLT,guardian.
Docembpr 9SI, ;
OK I'll AN \S iMtUiVER r i TO HIRE.
) N Thursday tlie first day of January next,
will be hired, at the Court-House in .Milledge
ville, to the highest bidder, twelve likely Slaves,
among whom are men, women, boys and infants,
as the property of Misses Elizabeth and Obe
dience Lowe, daughters and orphans of Obadiah
Lowe, late of Baldwin county, deceased.
Terms—Notes with approved security, two full
and complete suits of clothes, a blanket for each,
good treatment as implied and required in the
Pbnal Code of this State, and a return of the
Slaves on or before the first day of January, 1819,
will be strictly required, by
ABNER LOCKE, guardian.
December 22.
DISSOLUTION.
I MIE copartnership of Cook, Brown & Co.
. was dissolved by mutual consent on the 11th
instant. ISAAC COOK,
POWELL BROWN,
MARK M. BROWN.
December 16,1817.
The business wil in future be carried on by the
subscriber at the Store formerly occupied bv Mr.
John Chapman,on the road leading from Miiledg.
villeto Fort Iiawkins, where lie will keep a sup.
ply of DRY GOODS and Groceries, on accom.
modating terms. ISAAC COOK
w
JinV, ^i'fT™.?.?.’1 stil .6 c at which^tnis dis- e( j (,y the representatives of the people to secure
sion has arrived, makes it necessary for me to
oonstrate the practicability of establishing free
ools through tlie state. And here I will pre-
e that we rest not on uncertain conjecture,
t we yield not our reason to the gay visions of
cy, but rely on tlie unerring voice of experience,
the county which I have the honor to repre-
t, 1 this system has already been carried into
ration by private charity 5 and five free schools,
ported by an annual fund of about twelve liun-
ol dollars, are now diffusing the advantages of
cation over that section of the state. Since,
n, we may safely estimate the annual expense
acli school at 250 dollars, eighty schools may
maintained by tlie annual fund of twenty tliou-
d dollars, which we may expect to receive as
yearly interest on two hundred and fifty thou-
I dollars, the sum proposed to be appropriated
he bill under consideration. In each of these
ols there will be about, forty scholars, making
t three thousand two hundred in the whole,
here, sir, we must introduce another priuci-
nto our calculation : In many neighborhood,
destitute of the means of education, there an
families possessed of suflieient property t.
or the instruction oftheir children ; butwhosi
ren, without the kind interposition of the
, must remain entangled, because they are
eaitliy enough to support alone the. burden
U'l'lOE.
(TILL be hired on Saturday the 27th Dec,
at John Chapney’s Store, two Negroes, a
bov and a girl, for tlie term of twelve months.1
ZAl'H. CIIAMBLESS,
guardian for Betsey 15. Gardner.
December 15, 1817.
HARD WARE, CUTLERY & FANG Y GOODS.
Fri.vvt'is or.sBuuo, savannah,
H AS taken the Store one door west of Messrs.
Oapon’s, near Market square, where he of
fers for Sale, at very low prices, the following ar
ticles, wholesale or retail, table, de»ert. tea ami
children’s knives and forks, scissors, shears, pen
and pocket knives of all descriptions, oyster,
butcher, mincing and pruning knives, iron, po-
IGIIT or ten Young Men. (without families) ! hs-hed steel, japanned, paper, leather, snuff, to.
er to the present Pent-[ bacco boxes, ink powder, court planter, elc
W VNTKD IMMEDIATELY.
as an additional number to tne pi-
tf-ntiary Guard, who shall receive fifteen dollar
per month, cash, for their services, to be paid
quarterly, and will be furnished with goqd cloth-
legant
ante bags, powder flasks, shot belt ;, battledores,
shuttle cocks, toy watches, cushions, white and
yellow tinsel cord, gold and silver thread, Isi!v<*F
as none but sober and respectable m
mitted. JOHN BOZEMAN,
Officer of the Guard.
Milledgeville. Dec. 22.
heir rights, the influence of the people over pub
lic measures is quick and irresistible. If a sub-!
ject of legisation has attrai/*ed public attention,
Mas excited public feeling, has called forth an ex
pression of the sentiments of the people, the legis
lature will ever regard their voice. If the repre
sentatives pursue a course of policy condemned
by the judgement or offensive to the feelings of
their constituents, they are removed from public
trust, and are succeeded bv others whom the peo
ple believe more worthy oftheir confidence. By
this irresistible authority over the legislature tlie
whole machinery of our government under their
controul and may be altered at their pleasure.—
How shall we render this influence most salutary
to the republic ? I answer, by the universal dif
fusion of knowledge among our citizens. Let the
means of education pervade every corner of the
state, let every child be instructed, and in a few
veais, the mind of every citizen will* be in some
measure enlightened. Under the direction of
such a people, the wisest public policy will be
pursued, and tens of thousands of eyes will be
watching with guardian care over the fortress of
iur liberties.
In every republic in which knowledge is con'
Incd to the few who are wealthy, and the num
ber is small of those who are well qualified for
ing, rations and lodging. Recommendations will | thimbles, bodkins, pencils, tooth picks and cases,
be required of persons wishing to join the Guard. pUtcd pencilcascs, spangles, finger rings, opera
en can be ad-! :llI d N’T 'glasses, metal coat and vest buttons, tre
ble gilt and plated do. white and yellow ball do.
black, blue and green glass buttons, pearl and ivo
ry do. quilled back ami dressing combs, coarse
and fine do. pocket combs, steel bodkins, twee
zers, japanned and plated hooks and eves, cork
screws, gun picks and brushes, lead pencils, India
rubber, morocco pocket books, purses, single and
double temple spectacles, white metal, pinch-back
and brass thimbles, brass and iron past* jiggers,
do. Jewsharps. do. chain, iron post coffee mills,
with and without covers, netting and knittin"-
needles, bed keys, sugar nippers, timber scribes,
brass cocks, with fast and loose keys, brass and
iron candlesticks, jack and trace chains, polished
steel snuffers, iron and japanned snuffers, snuffer
trays, iron and brass head shovels and tongs, brass
pocket ink stand and compasses, steelyards, fire
steels, candlestick springs, spouts and handles for
tin tea kettles, composition and sheet iron tea ket
tles, sauce pans,(long and short handle frying pans,
turning foi-Ks A. and’C.—horse and shoe rasps,
mill, pit and hand saw files, rough, bastard, 2d
cut and smooth files, thumb, Norfolk and brass
nob spring lancets.cupboard,bureau, chest, trunk,
desk, closet, stock and pad locks, iron rim door
locks, with brass rings or nobs, iron sash imliies,
II HL T strap and chest hinges, brass trunk nails,
clouts, flemish and tin tacks, tenter hooks, shoe
pincers, nippers, hammers, knives, awls and tacks,
carpenter’s hammers, compasses, rules, pencils,
chalk lines, spike & nail gimblets, augers, braces
and bits, trying and iron squares, hand, pannel,
tennon, dovetail and compass saws, jack & smooth
planes, common handles and nobs, lion head and
shell rings, clock balls, thread eseutchior.s, socket
and plate castors, with iron, brass and wood
bowls, wood screws of a’l sizes, smith hammer*,
screw plates, iron wire, &c 4 fkc.
Also, I case first quality \ iolin ftrings. assort
ed ; 2 do. best Turkey Oil Stones.
December 13. 1
TEN 1TEN TIARY, GE OR GI A,
Milledgeville, Dec, 20, 1817.
P UBLIC notice is hereby gi that scaled
proposals will be received by the Hoard of In
spectors of the Penitentiary, at their room in the
building, on Thursday the 1st day of January
next, at 12 o’clock in the forenoon, for furnishing
the Guard and the Convicts with the proper ra
tions for the term of one year, to commenie im-
nnMliatc.lv after that day. A ration for the guard
to contain the same component parts, as that fur
nished tlie men in the United States’ service.—A
ation for the convicts to consist of tlie following-
component parts, to-wit, 6 ounces of bacon or
pork, or 10 ounces of fresh or pickled beef, one
null a quarter pounds of corn meal, half a pint of
molasses, and a like proportion of salt and vine-
jar, as is allowed to the same quantity of provi
sions in the rations to be furnished the guard. The
contractor will be required to give bond and se
curity for his faithful performance. The propo
sal to supply rations for the guard, must be sepa-
ate from that for furnishing the convicts.
The Board of Inspectors will also, at the same
time and place, receive sealed proposals for fur
nishing Medical attendance and Medicine to the
guard and convicts for one year.
December 22, 1817,
A CARD.
V BNER LOCKE, gratefully acknowledges the
polite attention and respect paid him by the
Inferior Court, the citizens and voters ot this
county, and resp^ si hilly informs them that lie will
nntba^i candidate lor Clerk of the Inferior Court
of Baldwin county, at the ensuing election.
December,^,