Newspaper Page Text
FOREIGN.
dim .1.
An interesting letter, of which the followlm,'
•is a copy, written by a gentleman attached to tlw.
Congress frigate, was designed for his correspon
dent in this country ; but as, from some circum
stances, it is supposed to have been miscarried,
it has sinte been obligingly communicated by the
writer, to the editor of the Delaware Watchman.
Huenos-Jiyres, .March I t, 1818.—1 came to
this country prejudiced against the Spanish cha
racter. 1 took it for granted that a Spaniard here,
was much like a Spaniard every where else. A
people born in tyranny, and educated in the'sla
vish principles of the Homan catholic religion,
of whatever nation, I thought must be poorly
great cause of agriculture, but to "the general in
terests of society, by this most useful and vn tu-
ous part of any community, availing themselves
of the privileges held out to them.
Before the revolution, slavery was tolerated
th-oughout the provinces ; since that period
thousand of the oppressed Africans have obtain
ed theic freedom : provision is made for their to
tal emancipation, or the barbarous traffic in hu
man souls, which still disgraces the mother coun
try, is at an end. , .
Such are a few of the most indisputable and
prominent facts relative to the political situation
of tin
part
may , r ... —
taut. It will of course be seen that my obser
vations apply only to those provinces on the
southern and western side of the Rio de la l’lata.
I have no doubt, a prelude to lie overthrow of
royal power in Peru. Thus, I flatter myself a
final end will be speedily put to rova govern
ment on the western side ol the Cordilleras.
I cannot conclude, without observing, how
much this mission, and the public m general,
will be benefitted, by the labors ol II. H. Inack-
enriike, esq. His talents, industry, and com
plete knowledge of the Spanish language, have
enabled him to amass a vast fund ol the most
interesting information, w hich I hope lie will lose
„o time in making public. He was among the
first of his countrymen, who began to entertain
of the South Americans ; as
t li > s part of Sou th A i n e rica. It is the only the correct n«-
t I have seen in a state of revolution, and hi» letters addiewcd to the pi.. - Av ,. Bg
y perhaps, be considered as the most m.por- mted States, befoie he united
.. . _ cl.-i ftuti !• - *
will testify.
INTERESTING CIRCVI.AR.
Sir I have the honor to inform you, that in
and may be one of the most enligtened, ot
ancient dominions of Spain, cither north u • ,_ S) instructions wil
south ol the equator. It claims at.least.a su| c of tlleil . C| . u j ser s,
the
of all
or 1 :,ssl1
which at present constitutes the Buenos Ayres to a requisition made by me on the Algerine
government. It is one ot the most P"P U,U ”*> I government, 1 have received the most positive
ranees, that during the existence of pestilence
ill be given to the corn-
nut to board any A-
mei lean merchant vessel, on any pretext what
soever ; and 1 request that, for the information
of our fellow citizens whom the same may con
cern, you will give to this circular that publicity
within your district which the case requires ; and
you will immediately inform me or the naval for
ces of the United States, stationed in the Medi
terranean, of any departure from this arrange-
RUKAL ECONOMY.
Receipt for making Cider,.iml preserving ltsuuiidijjJT
Three months ago, I was at the house ofNich
las Nall, esq. w-ho lives near Deep river jiltJ
upper extremity of Moure county, where! J-j
old cider of a very superior «iua'lity ; and aart
habitual use of cider is eminently conduci™?
health, ensures sobriety, imparts the a-reeahtJ
sensations ot strength ami vigor, ami is" a nil
sail t beverage that can he afforded at a small I
| pense, I took care to be exactly informed of h' l
manner of making, refining, and preservingit!|
in the hope advantage might accrue by publi’■
tion of it. Mr. Nall had in his cellar, as J^il
as I now remember, about 8 or 10 hogsheads ill
50 or 60 barrels of cider of different ages th I
oldest was best, nor did he think any fit todri *1
until it was at least a year old. That
drank was three years old, and it was <
tativc ... , , ...
result of the French and Spanish revolutions
were both fresh in my recollection, ft is true,
(liaviii"- myself been educated a republican) I did
t ome here* with a belief that all men had equal
rights; and even that, under tho same circum
stances, thev were much flie same, kind of ani
mals, whether derived from Catholic, Jew, Gen-
tile or Mahomedan ;—hut, judging from events
recorded in history, and having observed that
political and religious habits of thinking, like
certain diseases oi the body, become hereditary,
and are cured with great difficulty, 1 could hard
ly flatter myself that the people of this Country
were yet in a condition to be governed by any
thing but a despot, in some shape or other ; al
though they had, from their own peculiar situa
tion, and the situation of affairs in Europe, de
clared themselves independent.
Since inv arrival, I hare been induce!, tochange
my opinion in favor of the people of this country
for various reasons, which can readily be stated,
and which (as they arc derived (rom plain and
simple facts) are easily comprehended, lo state
them as briefly as possible, is the object ot tins
letter. ...... . , , . u J naturally supposed to feel lor another struggling
In the first place it is highly lln P 0 ^ a ,'^ in the same righteous cause, and assuming the
tuile.
l government to establish,
their political hap-
us iu u.y . 1 pmess in tuture will depend. Already they are
ference, therefore, between a people thus tucum-, J lBl . beiati a constitution which is to be
stanced, and those from whom they are denved. | w j s( l, m i guide their councils
must at once be obvious—But they 1,a ™ in this most important of all • human concerns,
a state of revolution lor eight year..— W hat was j T||cj( . in j epenlleuce | las i )ee n solemnly declared,
rior rank aitd consequence, from its having fiist
shaken off the Spanish yoke, and conducted all
its revolutionary measures in a spirit oi modera
tion which evinces a knowledge of rational li
berty, abstract from that licentiousness, w Inch
spread ruin and desolation, and finally termina
ted in despotism, in one ot the fairest and most
populous portions ol the ohl world. Chili, 1 eru,
etc. etc. are following the example ol Buenos
Ayres. They are in a revolutionary state. Clnli j c 7Jd forthwith,
was declared independent on the sixteenth ot Fe- ('Siirned'l
bruary last. The spontaneous etlusion ot joy
which the news of this great event produced in
the Buenos Ayreans, l have just witnessed. It
was not the illumination ot the capitol with arti
ficial light, upon which a slavish multitude might
uninterested in its object, that produced
which [I
■ — ^ * - — -* »»«*j excellent I
iiis oldest cider I did not taste, as he i 1
as a treat for his executors.
Cl I
£1,11; j ment on the part of the Algerines, that it may be
■d forthwith.
(Signed) wm. 8h.vi.er,
Consul General of die U. S. in Uarbury.
To die Consul of die C. 8. at Gibraltar.
Honorable conduct of the JJmericans.—Ex
tract of a letter from St. Johns, Newfoundland,
February 12, 1818.—•• Above half this once ex-
the best evidence of sincere rejoicing on this oc-| ten=ivi; all( ] valuable town was last year destroy-
J ed by fire. This time twelve mouths such was
cation : A brighter flame could be discerned il
luminating the countenance ot every individual,
and therefore evincing that unfeigned regard,
which one portion of a great community may be
while they continue in a state of union, even
without the addition of the provinces on the
and northern side of the great Kio de la
hich belonged to the vice-royalty ol
. , .- , .. I «iinit iiidependeiivwii.il. j
their situation prior to this revolution, compar* | ^ ^vi 11 undoubtedly be able to maintain it
ed with what it is now ? 1 • ■ • - *- - r -■■■-■— - -
Before the revolution, the government was wluiuul (
vested in the hands of a Viceroy, appointed by the e . istenl a|
monarch of .Spain, whose pow ers were, of course j pj at;l w
absolute. Under the domination of this creatureJ |j ue J las \ yres under the ro al government
of majesty* neither the person or property ol , These provinces are the Banda Oriental, Intre
any individual was secure. This despotic ol ’* | u, 0-s a ud Para-'uay. The two former are under
der of things is now no more. A provisionary | th( , dominion of Artegas, a refractory thief,
constitution l.as been framed, which secures to who relusL . s t0 sen( j delegates to the general con-
the people the right of choosing from each pro
vince, delegates to represent them in a general
congress, or convention. This convention of
delegates elect from their own body an executive
officer, under the title of Supreme Director, who.
remains in office during good behavior, or rather
during the pleasure of the congress. Such is the
advance already made in the organization of a
free government. The congress acts as a check
upon the ambition of the director, while its mem
bers are themselves influenced in their political
conduct by the community at large, who elect
them at stated periods.
Before the revolution there existed an Inquisi-
t-ri d power ; by which many a helpless victim
of clerical vengeance was immured. From the
abitrerv decisions of this ecclesiastical court,
there was no a;q e.d, either in religious or politi
cal aliairs. Since, this important revolution, the
clergy fiom Old Spain have been removed, the
authority of’the Pope renounced, the Inquisition
abolished, and religion left to stand upon its own
foundation. All this has been gradually effect
ed by the dawnings of religious and political
light’, without that effusion of blood which dis
graced every revolutionary step of France.
Before the revolution there were no schools or
Seminaries of learning of any kind, excep* such
as promoted the slavish views of the church, or
the state with which it was connected. Now the.
case is quite altered—public schools arc esta
blished for the instruction of youth in general,
in which are taught, besides the common rudi
ments of learning, the principles of free govern
ment, and the elements of military science. It
is thus that the people are rapidly acquiring
correct knowledge of their inestimable rights—
with the means of defending them.
Before the revolution, the clergy possessed
the power of suppressing education in general.
They sought for and seized all books which were
inimical to their system of religion and politics,
and exacting penalties from those with whom they
were found. No individual or family was ex
empt from this odious examination'; and all pub
lications having a tendency to enlighten the mind
or improve the understanding, were doomed to
destruction. Now, literature in general is freely
tolerated ; political writings are sought for and
read witli avidity. The constitution of the Uni
ted States, along with the constitutions of the
individual states, and even the political writings
of Thomas Payne, and others, are found in
translation among them. The clergy themselves
are rendered useful in being placed at the head
of literary institutions, where they promote the
interests of the revolution, by teaching the prin
ciples of free government, as well as the cate
chism.
Before the revolution, foreigners calculated to
promote the best interests of society, were not
allowed to settle in this country. Now, mer
chants, mechanics, and tradesmen in general,
from almost all parts of the civilized world may
be seen in alpiost every street of Bucnos-Ayres.
But few have Ideated themselves beyond the con
fines of the capitol: although every encourage
ment is offered to them to i!o so. Land would
be granted bv the government to agriculturalist
anu much benefit would arise, not only to the
gress, ami appears to aim at a separate govern
ment : but pi ofesses to be a good republican.
the distress, that the principal inhabitants who
had escaped the calamity, were under the neces
sity of fe ding from 80 "to 90 persons daily. 1 he
scarcity of provisions was such that the scantity
proportion issued to the sufferers was obliged to
be defended by a guard of 50 soldiers; and on
the day of the first arrival, there did not remain
in town 5 cwt. of grain ol anv kind, tor the sup
port of from 12 to 14,000 inhabitants. Mb at do
you think of our neighbors ot NtW;England ?
These men, on hearing of the destruction ol the
place, entered into the most liberal subscriptions
in Boston and other places, for our relict, and in
the most prompt manner loaded a fine new brig
and sent her to this place, with bread, flour, etc.
as a gilt to the distressed. One or two others,
we understand, were loaded at New-A ork and o-
tlier places, but the sea being covered w ith ice,
and the w eather being so excessively severe, there
was no possibility of approaching the coast.
Cotton Trade.—From a Liverpool price cur
rent of the (ith of June, it appears that there had
been imported into that port this year, up to that
day, 25,264 bales of cotton from Soutli-Carolina;
mtcmledit
>ie complainedtb t
his stock was too small to enable him to drink
of the age he wished; but intended to fill
ther cellar. I here copy M : . Nall's receipt »
he gave it to me in writing in April last,
“ All apples fit to he eaten will make good (j.
der. The grand secret is in cleansing it foj
the tilth and dregs as early as possible. Kick
tine naval for-1 5011 of SppH's are to be beaten and pressed 1,
themselves—1 wo kinds ol juice, both gooj
would if mixed, otten make bad cider.—'
out all imperfect, sorry and sun burnt apples,!,
well as dust and trash—Beat your apples before
much mellowed, as they lose their streiiA
soundness, and spirit it too mellow—Let them
stand half a day after being beaten before putij.
to press ; tlien press them slowly, discontinueit
as soon as the juice discharged appears to
thin and watery. 'The advantage of slow
sure is in making the liquor run pure. Let
casks, previously well cleansed, be filled
full to permit the froth and puminicetodiscL .
itself at the bung. When the fermentation abates
cover the bung closely w ith something that
he lifted by the fixed air that escapes during di
future fermentation—In a week rack oft'thecidtr
carefully, ceasing the moment you observeitto
run muddy. Now stop the cask more firmly.—
In ten days rack it off a second time, and it
fifteen days the third time. In every ii.‘tanc»
the casks are to be clean and perfectly filled,
when filled for the last time to be bunged,closed
and placed in a deep dry cellar, never tube wt-
cd until drawn lor use. Late ciuer need not W
i grijl
pro-1
urge I
racked until March, and then one racking,
most two, will be sufficient. Be very carefUl
that no water, not even the little that will adhere|
after rinsing a cask, is mixed with the cider.-
The smallest quantity of rain water will rental
cider unfit to keep. The addition of any qou-f
tit y of distilled spirits is not only useless but u-1
jurious."
Mr. Nall's plan is the result of longexperiewl
and its success justifies mein recommending t|
to the public. 1 hope it will be followed.
CALVIN JONES,
N. B. I ought to have mentioned that Mr..'il|
told me he had for many years tried various/)!
for clarifying cider to prevent its souring, bjl
Ro latte,- is under the government ot Don Gra- 40,426 from Georgia, and 18,591 from New-Or-
-.a, who styles himself director, lie also re'*>s- | eans> ma king a total of 88,352. Imported in- ,
es to unite with the Buenos Ayreans ; but 1**1," | Liverpool, from all other parts in the same means of milk, isinglass,scalding and scurauiiai
wise opposed to the royal government. , | : period, 88,352. It therefore appears that the filtering through sand, <kc. ike. and found ill
ports iu the dominions ot Artegas, are either | j, I1 p 0r j_ s 0 f C utton Tram America alone, to this sin- useful, but is satisfied that frequent racking*
blockaded by, or in possession of the Portuguese, 1 t j u England, is nearly equal to that fiom
with whom lie is unable to contend. Hence thejjjn t j le ,. est o( t | lu
Buenos Ayreans sulfei the encroachment ot these
foreigners, who have availed themselves ol this
unfortunate division of political interests to ex
tend their dominions ; but this state ol tilings,
it is to be hoped, will not continue long.
\\ hen we take into consideration the events
of our struggle lor independence, and to com
pare them with those ul the Buenos Ayreans, the
latter will not sutler by the comparison. Judg
ing from what I have seen, I would say, that
there is even less division in political sentiment
among them than there was among us ; nur are
the annals of their revolution more stained with
blood. Thev have not followed our inconsist
ent example in withholding treedoin from a cer
tain portion of the community, alter declarin'*
that ail men had equal rights 1
DOMESTIC.
St. Louis, June 19.—AN e learn that the Indians
who reside on the river Plata, and between the
rivers Missouri and Arkansas are (as usual) at _
war with one another. About two months ago,j so difficult to be re
drawing is far preferable to any other mefliodkl
has attempted.
lialcigh, July 25, 1818.
Mr. Madison, in Ins excellent address on tg;|
riculture, has this valuable reflection : *• Of
the errours in our rural ecmieinv, nune is pa-l
haps so much to be regretted, because none ill
paired, as the injudicious nil
a party ol the Pawnees, consisting ol foui him-1 excess j V e destruction of timber and tire w
died, met a war party ot the Usages 111 the; plains, seclng never to have occurred that the
within fifty or sixty miles ot the Arkansas. L vag „ ot inexllaustabl
The advanced guard ot the Pa. nees made a ]
running fight, drawing after them the Usages in
to an ambuscade, formed by the main body of
the Pawnees. The affair i» said to have resulted
in the entire defeat and destruction ol the Usa
ges ; one only escaped out ot forty-eight
warriors. Uur informant saw A7 guns taken
It is as much a maUer”ot astonishment as re-1 from the Usages. The Pawnees are also at w ar
gret that we have remained so long uuacquuiiit- with the Spaniards of Santa Fee : they lately de
ed with our political brethren iu the south ; and t'eated and killed seven Spaniards out ot a liunt-
particularly the Buenos Ayreans. It is equally ing party they met within the limits ot the Uni-
remarkable through what contracted channels
the little information we have received respect
ing them, has been derived. \Ve have had no
information of the real state ot this interesting
people ; aitiiough we have had partizans ot Car
rera, partizaus of Artegas, etc. etc. characters,
who in their own country are of less importance
in every point of view than were our Arnolds or
our Calloways, etc.
But the period, I hope has arrived, in which
we shall cease to be deluded. It is high time
fur us to regard with the deepest interest the sit
uation of our brethren in the south. Our politi
cal salvation, is intimately blended with theirs.
The monarchs of the old world have formed,
what they impiously term, a holy league, for the
purpose of patching up, aud preserving the an
cient system of tyranny and priest cralt. The
free government of the new world are the objects
of their deadliest hatred. These ought also to
unite in defence of every thing sacred. Such, r _ 0 .
I hope will be the views which our government j eventually, give us trouble; and, however hum-
will now take, and lose no more time in acknowl- j ble these commencements may be—however mod-
edging the independence of a people who have 1 est thr, e declarations may seem, they will, in
proved themselves as deserving as we were, time, carve work for our army, and unlock the
This acknowledgment, instead of protracting {cotters of the nation ;—they will swell, by addi-
the war, would be most likely to hasten its ter
mination, and stop the effusion of blood, ft
might also have the happy effect of accelerating
the establishing of the representative forms of
government among them. They have been too
long anxiously looking in vain for some of our
friendly regard; viewing at the same time, nur
political institutions as the best models for imita
tion.
P. S. Since writing the above an official ac
count has arrived of the total defeat of the Span
ish army ill Chili. This great event, which has
been achieved by San Martin, commander of the
combined army of Buenos A vres and Chili, K.
ted States territory. Among the baggage of the
Spaniards they concealed, a Spanish boy, about
ten years old ; him they spared, intending to
otter him as a sacrifice “to the Great Sue.’’
This boy has been recently purchased from their
priests by Mr. Lisa, and providentially saved
from the lire. Some time ago this sanguinaiy
band took a Pado woman prisoner and devoted
her to the sacrifice : as she was pregnant they
awaited her delivery belore the offering should
be made. However as soon as she recoveied
from child-birth, she stole a horse and escaped,
ller infant child was immediately transfixed on a
sharp pole as an offering to their god
The National Advocate, speaking of the de
claration of the Frenchmen, who have establish
ed themselves in the Texas, remarks, that” those
emigrants who are not satisfied with our country
and laws, should not be permitted to erect inde
pendent governments on our borders—they will
tion of adventurers, to a number whicli may be,
at all events, ektremely troublesome. It is well
then, to keep an eye on these establishments.'’
Four sea serpents have been seen in Glouces
ter harbor, Mass. The largest appeared to be a-
bout 100, and the others 50 feet long. The fish
were exceedingly alarmed, frequently springing
out of the water, but in vain. The existence ol
those animals, so long deemed fabulous, now
seem9 to be ascertained.
The AA'ashington 74, is hereafter to he station
ed in the harbor of New York.
Hid that a crop of (reel J
could not be raised as quickly as one of wlicatwl
corn.’’
The jiotaioe.—Dr. Baldwin, late surgeon rf
the frigate Congress, (says the Delaware \'«l(f'
man) has decided the controversy ies/iectiug l»
habitat of the putatoe, Solatium Tuberosum. Hi
found this vegetable growing abundantly on ^
north side of the Kio de la Plata, in wild ones!
tivated situations, unknown to the inhabitants
who do not even cultivate this valuable pM
now so generally attended to in most parti oft*
civilized world. It is found growing among ik
rucks on Monte Video, and in the vicinities *
Muldenado, in the sand hills on the river shift
as well as in low moist situations, near stita® 1
of water. The largest tubers were not nurt
than half an inch in diameter.
T
AUIOLKSALK GROCERY- .
MIE subscriber has in Store and arrivinSi
22 hluls. Sugar, first quality, 32 do. N- ^
, 7 do. Jamaica do. (old) 1 tlo. Whiskey, oi
casks Mil*
Rum, 7 do. Jamaica do. (ol
bhls. do. 100 bags Coffee, 13 qr
Wine, 1 pipe 5 years old Lisbon do. 1 do. E 1 )*
4 qr. casks L. P. Teneriflf do. 20 boxes longjk*
Claret do. 13 half bbls. Fly market Mess W®'
2? bbls Gin (excellent quality,and 10 per cw
over proof,) 4 pipes Cogniac Brandy, 1® -
Mackerel, 5 do. Salmon, 12 half bbls. Crackeft
10 boxes Soap, 5 dried Figs, 20 bbls. Loaf a#*
Lump Sugar, 3 kegs Virginia old Tobacco,5®**;
mijolins, 30 boxes Raisins, it) do. London
tard, 23 do. Shaving Snap, 5 bbls. Herring 3 '
kegs Split Peese, 5 do Barley, 00 Sury
—boxes Prunes, 36 boxes bottled Ale, 2bags' 1
Ginger, 6 do. Almonds, 49 boxes mould
15 bags Pepper, 80 crates C rockery ware, 93 P 1 ®
Cotton Bagging, negro Plains, Carpeting,^ jS'
together with a variety of other articles in
Grocery line. This establishment is intend?'!
principally, to supply merchants in the coun M
•it wholesale prices ; and will be constantly S “PJ
plied, with such articles as belong to this l |lie ,1
business. Merchants are invited to call ‘^1
see—Those who want Groceries, will find" 1 ^!
advantage in purchasing in Milledgevifle. I
such articles may be sold here cheaper than I
lie waggoned from Angusta or Savannah.
wm. imivfA'
A'lirust t