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the peninsula generally, it is the custom with
fanners to sow or cultivate a much greater
quantity of laud than they can properly
manage; a consequence of which is (hat a
great deal of good land is thrown away, pro
ducing about one third or one fourth of
what it would if properly manured and at
tended to. If, therefore, many of our far
mers would limit their industry to the culti
vation of one half or one third of their usual
quantity of land, they would economize their
labor greatly, cultivate their lands much bet
ter, produce a greater quantity of grain and
grass, an ! the surplus would remain for the
propagation of timber.—Bel. Watchman.
[The above remarks apply with equal
force to many other parts of the country.]
FOREIGN.
London, July 18.—We copy the following from
the Chronicle. To what it refers, or what it means
except that Napoleon is grumbling, as usual, we
profess not to know.—The Chronicle “ pledges
itself for its authenticity,” and calls it a“ curi
ous and important document.” We own we
can discern neither of those qualities in it:
Note written by Napoleon, in the mnrjrin of sir Thomas
Heade’s letter to count Bertrand, dated 25th April,
1818.
“ 1. I gave you to understand, yesterday,
when you presented this letter to me. that I
would not condescend to notice it ; and that you
need not translate it to me, since it is not in the
form which has been observed for three years.
“2. This fresh outrage only dishonors this
coxcomb. The king of Kngland only is enti
tled to treat with me upon an equality.
“ S. This crafty proceeding has one object—
to prevent vourexposing the criminal plot they
ha\e been contriving against my life, for these
two years past.
“4. Thus it is, that affecting to open the doors
to claims and complaints, they shut them the
closer.
“ 5. Tiius it is, that affecting a willingness to
rovide me lodging, and build a house for me,
have been kept for three years in this unhealthy
barn, and no building lias been yet commenced.
“6. Thus it is, that affecting to allow me the
libertv of riding on horseback, they prevent me
from so doing, and from taking exercise, by indi
rect means : Hence the primary cause of my ill
ness.
‘•7. They employ the same means to debar me
from receiving any visits. They have need of
obscurity.
“8. Thus it is, that after having made attempts
upon my physician, having forced him to give in
his resignation, rather than remain a passive in
strument void of all moral feeling, they never
theless keep him under arrest at Longwood,
wishing it to be believed that 1 have his assist
ance, when they well know I cannot see him,
that l have not seen him for a fortnight, and that
I never -hall see him unless he be sat at liberty,
relieved from his oppressive situation, and re
stored to his moral independence in what con
cerns the exercise of his functions.
‘•9. Thus it is they are guilty of a character
istic falsehood in causeing bulletins to be issued
by a physician who has never seen me, and who
ignorant both of my constitution amt my disor
der : but that is well calculated to deceive the
prince and people of England, and Europe.
“10. They indulge in a ferocious smile at the
fresh sufferings this deprivation of the assistance
of art adds to this tedious agony.
“11. Desire this note to be sent to lord Liver
pool, and also your letter of yesterday, witli
those of the 13th and 24th April, that the prince
regent may know who my is, and be able to
publicly punish In n.
“12. If he does not, I bequeath the opprobri
um of my'death to the reigning house of Eng
land. HAPOLEON.
South .American affairs.—The Aurora of Fri
day last, gives two bulletins from the indepen
dent armies of Venezuela, of the 10th and 27th
of 'une,announcing victory obtained by gen.
Paez, over a strong detachment of the royal ar
my, commanded by gen. La Tone. The action
was fought on the 2d of May, on the plain of Co-
geda. The account states that the whole of the
enemy’s infantry and cavalry were cut to pieces—
1000 men fell upon the field in a very few mi
nutes : a great quantity of arms and stores of
every department of the military', and a great
number of prisoners, were captured. Brigadier
Correa, chief of the general staff; col. Gonzales
Velia, commanding the regiment of Castile, with
several other Spanish officers of rank, fell on
the field of battle. The royal general and chief.
La Torre, received two wounds. All the chiefs
of the dragoons of the union, those of the hussars,
and of the lancers of the king, bit the dust.—
The patriot loss, though not great, is stated to
have been severe.
The bulletin states that “ the Spaniards, strong
in infantry, cover the defiles of the mountains,
while our superiority in cavalry, commanded all
the plains and the interior of Venezuela; they
have lost their generals in chief and principal of
ficers of rank ; almost all the European troops,
ami about 3000 of the troops raised h with all
their magazines, provisions, and equippage for
cavalry have fallen into our hands.”
It appears from the same papers, that the roy
alists had a few days previously, obtained some
considerable advantages. The bulletin says—
“ On our side we have suffered heavy losses, bet
ter than 1000 infantry and 500 cavalry, a con
siderable quantity of our arms and ammunition,
destroyed and unserviceable, and many gallant
officers.”
The accounts official and unofficial, published
by both the patriots ami royalists relative to the
bloody partisan war which unhappily rages in
South America, are so vague, confused, contra
dictory and uncertain, that it is extremely diffi
cult either to keep the run of them, or to form
just conclusions as to the real situation of affairs.
With respect to what we had supposed the latest
intelligence from that quarter, published in the
Aurora last week, and republished in some: of the
papers in this .city on Saturday, the Washington
Gazette received this morning says:—“ Some
musty despatches from Morillo are going the
rounds: they were received in Philadelphia two
mouths since, direct from Caraccas, ami were, in
part, printed in many of the papers, which are
now republishing them, without being, it is be
lieved, aware of tlie fact.”—-V. T. Herald.
Public education.—The generation, which is
now educating in the provinces of La Plata, will
be far superior to that, which, at the expense of
the greatest sacrifices, has provided it suitable
means of instruction. Our tender youths have
recently been examined upon subjects, which our
tutors, perhaps, never even heard named : they
have exhibited drawings, the merits of which the
majority of us have not learned how to discern.
The monarch of Spain cannot justly claim the
vassalage of a country so misgoverned, that (lur
ing the time of its obscurity, it scarce preserved
a knowledge of its own geographical position.—
All that pertained to the colonial system lias ei
ther been amended, or no longer exists. This
proposition, exaggerated, perhaps, as to us, whose
necks have felt the Spanish yoke, is absolutely
true as respects our youths, who have never felt
for the metropolis aught but hatred, excited , by
pretensions the most unjust. The proofs we have
already given of our strength have filled our ene
mies with uneasiness : if this article meets their
eyes, it will fill them with terror.
Buenos Ayres Gazette.
Baden, June 18.—Count Las Casas, who ar
rived at Baden about a fortnight ago, with his
son, ami who hopes, by using the waters, to re
cover his health, endeavors to live there very
retired, and. to avoid much company and exten
sive acquaintances. He >s at present employed
in literary occupations, as far as a weak stat? of
health and his eyes allow. The manner in which
his affairs have been introduced into the British
Parliament, releases him, he imagines, from the
tacit obligations of further observing, on his
side, that silence which has hitherto guided his
conduct. He thinks that he owes it to himself,
and his own honour to refute calumniatory at
tacks, and he will, therefore, not hesitate to
make the public acquainted with the truth. We
wish he may keep his word, and really tell the
truth, if it were only for the sake of the nov
elty.—Courier.
A French Paper states, that the Bashaw of E-
gypt has sent agents to Europe to engage artists
and skilful manufacturers to settle under his
Government. He is fond of botany and pur
chases exoticks at a large price. He subscribes
for the periodical journals of Paris, and has late
ly given an order for about GOO volumes of
French works. He has particularly desired
that all accounts of the Bell and Lancasteran
methods of instruction should be sent to him, as
he means to apply that system of education to
the Arabick. The Parisians call him the Pacha
liberal. ib.
Letters from Paris, received at London, speak
of a recent discovery of a plot by the party de
nominated ultra-royalists, to undermine the pre
sent government of France. The London pa
pers contain the following as a part of their plans:
“ On Wednesday, 24th of June, on the ris
ing of the king’s council at St. Cloud, the min
isters were to be seized by a detachment of the
horse granadiers of the 1st regiment of La Roche
Jacquelain, and conveyed to the fortress of Vin
cennes.
“ A part of the 3d regiment of the guards, col.
Berthier de Savigne’s, and a part of the 2d Swiss
regiment, were to be posted in echelon, on the
road from Vincennes to St. Cloud. About 3000
men composed of gardes-du-corps Vendeans, the
old royal volunteers, &c. were to assemble at the
same hour in the place du Caroussel, with a coun
tersign, whence they were to march to different
pre-uetermined points, and proceed to arrest and
carry off'a certain number of public functionaries,
“ The insurrection troops were to be comman
ded by generals C and D , and assisted
by several superior officers of the guards, whose
names circulate in public, but which I refrain
from\inentiuuing, in order to avoid the risk of
injustice or error. On the first part of the plan
being carried into efl’ect. had the king, whose
courage and firmnpas of character is known, re
fused to sign his abdication, it is said that it was
then the intention of the conspirators to proceed
a la Paul premier.
“ General Ciausel was to be minister of war ;
general Donadieu, commander of the division
ot Paris; M. de Chatzubriand, minister for fo
reign affairs ; M. de Villele, minister of the in
terior; Ai.de Bruges, minister of the marine;
Al. de. Fitzjames, minister of the king’s house
hold ; M. de la Buurdonnaye, minister of the
police, & c.
Iran, (Spain,) July 7.—The government has
received official news from SuuthAmerica,brought
by vessels arrived at Cadiz within the last few
days. It is to be presumed that it is not favora
ble, as the greatest silence has prevailed. The
king has presided several times at the council of
state, when the afl'aii s of our colonies came un
der consideration. Couriers have been sent off
with dispatches for Russia* London and Paris.—
On the other hand the most strict orders have been
sent to Cadiz, to accelerate the departure of the
grand expedition which has beeiwt long time pre
paring in that port. The recruiting continues,
and, it is said, that all the officers employed have
been invited to go to South America, with a pro
mise of recompense proportioned to their services.
In general the troops have shewn a dislike to era-
■barK, aud the news circulated is by no means
suited to give them ardcr.
More Americans imprisoned.—A letter from
an American to his brother in Boston, dated Per
nambuco, June 28, 1818, says, “ We sailed from
New-York on the 28th of November, for Gibral
tar, in the schooner Penguin: we were ( thcn char
tered for St. Salvador. Six of the crew besides
myself left her, toith the consent of the Captain
and Supercargo, who gave us a regular discharge,
and the long boat—we came on shore at a small
town, about one hundred and thirty miles to the
northward of this place—Wc were taken up on
suspicion of being Patriots, and put in prison,
where we have remained for five months. Our
situation is dreadful and we have but little hope
of getting clear.”
Sir Robert Wilson, so famous for his war-an
nals, and for his conduct in rescuing Lavallette
from prison, lias been elected a member of par
liament. In an address to his constituents lie
informed them, that he should make the follow
ing, the rules of his parliamentary conduct :—
1st. “ That an idle man was a very useless an-
imal. 2d. That a man in power should never
go to sleep without thinking of those who are a-
wake: 3d. That before he eats his dinner, he
should reflect that there are many who would
like to dine with him ;—and 4th. That when he
walked along the streets, he should never forget
that there \v - a some who could not walk, be
cause they were in irons.”
France.—It is stated, that the proposition
made to the French government with regard to
the removal of the foreign troops now in France,
is, that they shall take up their quarters on the
frontier for one entire year, at the expense of
France, and that this is to be the sine qua non of
their withdrawing.
DOMESTIC.
1HE WESTERN STATES.
The population of the western country daily
becomes a more interesting concern. The pro
gress has been worthy of the enlightened zeal
bestowed upon it. Of its commencement we
have a concise and clear view from Imlay, who
had a military commission in the country, and
was a commissioner for laying out the lands in
the back settlements. He tells us, that the mil
itary operations of 1760 opened to the public
view these then unknown regions. That the peace
of Paris in 1763, by the cession of Florida and
the lands east of the Mississippi, with the navi
gation of that river, encouraged visits to the
country, and some places on the Ohio became
known. Before the revolution some places had
been settled on the eastern side of the Mississip
pi, above and below Natchez, some troops were
in the Illinois,and on the Wabash,at St. Vincent,
a post now known as the capital ot Indiana, un
der the name of Vincennes. During the war. a
settlement was formed on the Cumberland river,
back of North-Carulina, which began the Ten
nessee settlements, as from Virginia had begun
the Kentucky settlements on the Ohio. Such
was the state of things in 1780. Just before the
peace of 1783, Virginia had provided for the go
vernment of its western settlements, and the spi
rit of independence soon discovered itself. In
1780, surveys had been made on the Muskingum,
and in 1787 began the settlements upon the west
ern side of the Ohio. We have now the com
mencement of the western states. As the set
tlements extended on the Ohio, successively
claimed the privileges of the constitution. Next
to the Ohio, we saw Indiana arise, and extend
ing to the banks of the Ohio, we find Illinois ris
ing to the same privileges. North of these set
tlements, on the lakes, the state of Michigan ap
pears. In' the south, the purchase of Louisiana
gave new hopes. The Upper and Lower Louisi
ana appear, and on the eastern side of the Mis
sissippi, already Mississippi and Alabama have
their claims, till another division gives the better
accommodation of a rapidly increasing popula
tion. West-Florida is already in our posses
sion, as is the capital of East Florida. Forei-rii
negotiation is to determine whether a union of
the whole with the states is to be the return of
that blessing which was so welcome in the peace
of 1763. In the census of 1800 the population
of the states exceeded five millions, and in the
next in 1810, it exceeded seven millions, giving
an increase of two millions in round numbers.—
At the former of these census, the west contain
ed nearly half a million, but in the next the po
pulation had doubled. In the territories then re
ported, but since become states, it was necessary
that one should more than double, another acquire
more than a third, while another was deficient
in several thousands. It is now confessed that
these numbers have been supplied, while the
states formed before the last census have proceed
ed with a rapidity not at first imagined, bein'
from 6 to 10 times as numerous as was contem
plated in their claims to be independent states.
We have seen nothing like this in any other po
pulation, by any other nation in America.
Salem Register.
Nashville, August 18.—We learn that the
Chichasaw Indians have pointedly refused to|hold
any treaty with the U. States commissioners for
the present. A gentleman recently from Natch
ez, informs us that about 200 met at Levi Col
bert’s and on the suggestion of the disaffected,
resolved to shoot the first one who should dare to
recommend the meeting the commissioners on a-
ny terms, as they were determined to part with
no more land. It is surprising to what a state
of insolence these Indians have arrived. The
countenance given to them by the government
has encouraged them to be contumelious. We
are now to see whether another forty years is to
pass away before the soldiers of the revolution
can get their western lands, which are not in a-
ny respect useful to the savages, who prevent
their occupation. The council in the Cherokee
nation ended in smoke—nothing was effected.
Melancholy example.—We understand (says
the Charleston Patriot of the 27th ult.) that" a
Court of Magistrates and Freeholders was held
on Friday and Saturday last, in St. James’, San
tee, on two negroes, James and London, belong
ing to the estate of Peter Arthur, Esq. deceased,
for the murder of the driver, named Handy—Ver
dict guilty, and sentenced to be hung on Friday,
at the head of Palmer’s Causeway, and their bo
dies to be burned to ashes. •
New-York, August 23.-O n iU ,
com. Pay I or, lately commander ofV? 'S Stl
Ayres fleet, as admiral, and who I
rived in this city from Baltimore, was, M
process issuing out of the Clrciib ( . rre, W
United State* on tw„
him by a Spanish gentleman, named
*g»i
V / “ ^'"-'vi.ian, named Dan r
Juando. These suits are brought for
ry of damages sustained from ?hc cantur/T
tain property by commodore Tavlor h?
to the said Juan Jnando, while the L ”
commanded the El Patriota, aHed.-ed™."'
been fitted out in Baltimore. Tavlor „ ,, ,
able to find bail, was kept in custody bv thr
shah Yesterday morning two suits 1
tnenced in the Admiralty Court a-ainst m'r
by the Spifiish Consul, on behalf of
of two vessels, which he had captured • ^7?
consul being advised to proceed also in thead ■
raltv, in the case of Juan Juando, f ur t i 7*
pass, &c. the causes in the Circuit Court
discontinued, and a new suit in the admiral:!*
stituted. The damages in the three canJ*’
laid at 90,000 dollars. se,|| t
St. Stephens, August 22.—Maj. »„ »,
Gaines passed this place yesterday, on hisJ'
to Georgia. The general is immediately2
Pensacola, and informs us that the utmostk
mony existed among every class of citizenwi
that place ; that so far from murmurin» 1
Spaniards who remained, found no fault w £!j
er with the authorities established bv sen U
son, and that not an instance had occurred
which a deviation had taken place from the
intent and meaning of the articles of capitak
tion entered into and ratified between gen!u
son, and don Masot, the late gavernor of tb
place.
We understand that three companies i
it minted men, to wit : one under the immedia
command of captain Wm. F. Ware, w lw
have the direction of the whole, one undetax
M’Girt and the third under captain Bovle,
sisting of between 3 and 400, are ordered
dezvous at Claiborne in a few davs, to scour
country from that place to Fort Jackson, and I
possible, destroy a party of out-lying Infos
which infest the road, more for the object J
plunder, than from a disposition to commit w,
der. It is pretty well ascertained that lie |
dians in East. Florida are now disposed forpaj
and that it only remains to break up the y,
which frequent the road between this and Gar.
gia, and which, we understand, have never &
tachcil itself to any party, but continued pin.
(lcring during the short interval of peace slid
took place after the late British warrioputifc.
mination to our troubles with the SavagesiatS
quarter. ;
Washington city, August 29.—In virtue of a
act of the 14th of April, 1818. for regulafrijfc
staff ot the army, a considerable alteratioi l«
taken place in that branch of the military nr.
vice. Instead of a quarter-master general,l«
each division of the army, neither of which m
sided at the metropolis, there is now jejuutn-
master general, who keeps his office at Masbiif-
ton. This place is filled by Col. Thomas S. k
sup, of the third infantry, and lately adjutant-ge
neral of the northern division; in which’ lot
mentioned post he has been succeeded by Col. Ro
ger Jones, by recent appointment of the Presi
dent.—By the same act of Congress, the modi
of furnishing supplies to the army has beenn-
ried. In lieu of contractors, there is to hr i
commissary general and assistants, who aretole
subject to martial law. The place of comilliM-
ry general is filled by Col. George Gibson, latt
quarter master general of the southern division:
his office will also he established at the scat if
government. In addition to these, the act of the
14th of April authorizes the appointment oil
surgeon general. The surgeon general is Dt.
Joseph Lovell, late hospital surgeon in the medi
cal department of the army. These arrtn*c-
merits, it is expected, will much improve the coo-
dition of the staff of the army, and give great#
efficiency to the laws for regulating the military
establishment generally.
Wunderfill efficacy of the Steam Btth.—\
young woman in a neighboring county, who hid
never been mairied, was taken extremely ill with
a fit of the cholic, as she verily believed it to be,
having, as she solemnly protested in the sequel,
no earthly reason to apprehend that it wm any
thing else. After suffering a good deal of pain,
and trying various remedies without experiencing
the least relief, the Steam Bath was thought «
and immediately applied; when, to theunuttert-
ble astonishment ot the poor girl herself, as well
as those who were attending her, the application
was no sooner made than she was delivered of
her pain anil s fine healthy boy child into the
bargain ! ! ! ! !—Nor. Herald.
The corner stone of the Capitol of the United
States was laid at 12 o’clock on Mondayish
the 24th ult. in presence of the Commissioner of
the Public Buildings, and the Architect of the
Capitol ; after which the workmen and laborer*
employed about the building partook of refresh’
ments,provided by direction oftheCommissioner-
This ceremony took place, it will be recollect
ed, on the anniversary of that day, on which»
barbarous enemy here made war upon the arts,
upon literature, and upon civilized laws, and
hoped to perpetuate his infamous exploit, by hp
ing in a neap of irreparable ruins the edific**
raised by taste and genius to the peaceful p or ‘
poses of legislation, and the promotion of h»*
man knowledge and happiness.—Intelligencer'
A writer who signs himself a traveller, in the
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Gazette, remarks th*t
the“ trade of the western country ntust u |U '
voidably centre at New-York.” The reas*»
which he gives in support of his opinion, i*»
that when the great western canal shall be cora*
plcted, the price of transportation from the city
of New-York to Buffalo, on Lake Erie, will
exceed 30 cents per hundred weight, a rate
low that the Philadelphians can never think »>
rivaling, even though they could persuade the
Alleghany mountains to open them a passage-