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The> congregation there generally ex
ceeds 100. At Mulberry from 50 to
There is stated preaching
once in three or four weeks, at seven
other villages: and the congregations
Vary from 20 to A30. At «iic t ql these
.villages the people have erected a
meeting-house, and • there is not a
family in which there is not some one
tvho is hopefully pious. All these
preaching places have iften establish
ed at the solicitation of the Chero-
kees; and more requests of this kind
are made than can be complied
with. ^ . .
The hoarding-school at Dtvight con
tains 60 scholars, and many applica
tions foi admission to it are declined.
Many of the scholars have made un
common proficiency. At Mulberry
more,than 30 scholars attend daily, all
boarded by th«w friends. The latter
station was formed at the repeated
solicitations of the Cherokees, who
erected the school-house and the
teacher’s house themselves, and furn
ish the provisions for his family.
Osages.—No Osages have been
received into the churches, nor have
any given satisfactory evidence of
piety. The wandering habits of the
people, their utter ignorance of all
the arts of life, their poverty and
moral debasement, and the want ot
competent interpreters, have hitherto
rendered the communication of divine
truth to th 'm intelligibly very difficult.
There- are two boarding-schools, to
which 161 children have been ad
mitted. Tbd one at Union now con
tains 35 scholars, and that at Har
mony, 39. Most who have left the
sonally & practically acquainted wiki
the*missious of the Hoard among tip
Indians from tbeir commencemenf,
says: Prom all my observations f
late, among Indians of different tribe^
I am impress®*! will* the idea, that
there never has been a time sincfe
missions were established among them,
when the Indians were so generally
disposed to receive the instructiouft
and assistance of missionaries as at
present, and when there was so fair a
prospect that missionary labon a-
mong them would be blessed, as the
means of permanent good. 1 waild
add, however, that, if the Christian
public are resolved, by the blessingof
God, to extend the influence of he
Gospel, and civilization over tie
heathen, tribes of our land, they mu\t
calculate that it will cost a great ded
of money, and they must be willing t*
wait long for the result.
From the Missionary Herald.
CHICKASAW’S.
Extract from a letter of Jftr. Holmes,
dated 13t/i of Oct. 1828.
An account of the revival ^Ion-
roe, communicated by Mr. Stu.*.^
was inserted in the number lor Sep
tember, of the last volume. T ok,
FOiEUESl&N.
From the Liverpool Courier.
East of Europe.—The accounts in
the German paper.* #f the reverses
sustained by the Russians in their re
treat into winter quarters, have prov
ed gross exaggerations. They could
scarcely hope to deceive a second
time, and what they have said, both
at the .commencement of the cam
paign, and recently, may serve to cor
rect the public opinion as to the for
eign papers, the German ones espe
cially. Over them the rich capital
ists in several cities obtained influence
by bribes, and there is a concert a-
mpng these dealers in stock, from
London to eveiy other capital, to play
off their tricks upon public credulity
when the thing can he turned to their
advantage. The .true state of affairs
appears to be, tlyit the Russians were
so long detained by the stubborn re
sistance of Varna and Silistria, that
the setting in of an early winter has
obliged thpm.>o retire to the left bank
of the Danube. Varna only, and the
fortress of Kalafnt, remain to them as
(’•he fr.uit .of the >awpaigu; advantages
'''tiieh have been purchased at a very
>1 _ a _ nn . . . . J
'shish, the place at which Mr. Holmes ; d?nrrate. Their retreat into winter
resides, is only a short dtstance from quarters appears^ however, to h?ve
Monroe. There is but one church at been conducted with as little loss as
the two stations, and the meetings on the state of the weather and roadst
the Sabbath are held at one place. ivould admit. After tl>? army had
Continued Mention to Religion. 1 Withdrawn from Shumla, U was at-
. , , • tacked. by a chosen body of 8,000
“A week ago yesterday, we again „ ^ , re in the St. I'e-
<1 thti nnvilpsrfi of commemoratinii f . j i ,
schools, were compelled to do so by
" L ad
their friends. Many of them ha
learned to read the Testament, and
pe. form various kinds of useful lahoi-
The children while in school make
good progress.
Maumee Indians in Ohio.—More
than 40 scholars have enjoyed the
advantages of this school, of whom
seven have become hopefully pious;
and several of them sustain a charac
ter for industry and enterprise. Hi
ram Tlurbault and a brother have
worked the last year, faithfully .and
without compensation, on the mission
fa.-m Snma« otbi»ra tiax'on «iv»ntt»oa«-
services to the family. The school
how contains 22 scholars, with the
prospect of enlargement.
Mackinaw.—This mission is not
designed specially for any one tribe
of Indians. The number of scholars
in the schools, including those who.
live in the village of Mackinaw, is
157: of the boarding scholars, 125.
The scholars have been collected
from a great variety of places about
lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior,
and some of them from near Hudson’s
Bay & the Rocky Mountains. The yare
bound bv legal indentures to the mis
sion, with the sanction of the civil au
thorities of the place, to be at the di
rection of the mission family, to con
tinue in the school, and to learn ag
riculture and the mechanic arts,^ for
a specified number of years. Their
progress is very encourag’mg. Eight
or ten of them have become hopeful
ly pious. ... „ m.
Tuscaroras and Senecas. 1 he
consists of 14
had the privilege of commemorating
the sufferings and death ot our Lord
Jesus Christ. Messrs. Blair and By-
ington were with us on the occasion
f ._.sburg Gazette, to have been de
feated; after which this corps pursued
its march, suffering much, however,
, | . i • ' I lk> HI d I L 1L OMIiril lll^ ■ 1114 v* 1J « UUWlil l-l J
ington were with us on the occasipn - from the R uss ; an accounts,
Foureolored persons, who give satis- 7roin l the col(1 ^ we#ther ._
lactory evidence ot a change ot heart, Th<j , vvhirh , lfld been employed
were admitted to the privileges ot the c;,i,.,t,!
church at Tiiscarora
Dative members; at Seneca, of 49;
at Cattaraugus 23, in all 86. There has
been a great increase of attention to
religion within the last two years;
within which time the church at
Cattaraugus has been formed and that
at Seneca much enlarged. The con
gregation at the latter place is about
200; at the former about 100. A
meeting-house has been built, or is
iuildino-, at the expense ofthe Indians
at ea-h ofthe three stations.
The school at Tuscarora contains
about 25 scholars; the Sabbath
School, 30; most of whom can read
in the Testament- At Seneca, 184
scholars have been in the school,
whose average attendance has been
two years. The present number 70,
most of whom are boarded in the mis
sion fannilv. There is also a flourish
ing Sabbath Sehool for the children,
and one for the adults, who are taught
to read their own language, in transla
tion# prepared »hy ithe missionaries.
The school at Cattaraugus contains
about SO scholars, who board, at the
itation, at the expense of tbeir par
ents. The Indians have erected a
building for a schQol-house and board
ing-house for the children. Coutrtba-
tious to a considerable amount are
made among the Senecas to aid the
jniasioii.
general remark.
■JMLr. Kingsbury* »wbo has been per-
privileges of the
church; making the number of profes
sors, exclusive of the missionaries, a
mount, if I mistake not, to 63. Sev
eral other persons are under deep se
riousness. All our meetings wer
well attended, and some of them, par
ticularly the evening meetings
Tokshish, were crowded, and intense
ly solemn. The Spirit of God hi)
appeared to be in a special mannd
present, arresting the attention of sin
npre, omt oadtihg Lhristiouij io pray
with unusual fervency. Mr. Bying-
ton remained here until Thursday, and
spent the three clays in visiting the In
dians, and holding the meetings.—
Both in conversation and preaching he
was understood well by the Indians.—
We were encouraged to find them al
most without an exception, listen at
tentively to the Gospel. I frequent
ly preach through an interpreter iq.
different places; and am always inter-'
ested, but my time is very much di
vided.
There has been no particular
change in the school since my last.
The number of boarders remains the
same, and those who attend' from the
neighborhood are very punctual.
Proceedings of the Chiefs.
The white men ami Indians select
ed to explore the country west of
Missouri and Arkansas, have com
menced their tour. Tiie Indians gen
erally are in Lite greatest suspense.—
They have no confidence in each oth
er, particularly on such an occasion
as this. The people are unanimous
in their opposition to a removal.”
This step was taken on account of
a proposal made by the Government
ofthe United States to the Chicka-
saws and Choctaws, to exchange their
lands in the State of Mississippi, for
lands lying west and north ofthe State
of Missouri.' These two tribes, con
sented to send a delegation of their
own people, in company with some
white men in whom they could place
confidence, to look, at the proposed
new lands, and report whether the ex
change would be expedient.
“The nation has recently formed
some wholesome laws, and to our as
tonishment they are strictly enforced.
Whiskey is banished from the country.
A thief is punished with thirty lashes,
without regard to color, age, or sex,
and is compelled to return the stolen
property or an equivalent. Une hun
dred men (twenty-five out of each, dis
trict) are to carry the laws into 'exe
cution, and are paid by the nation.
These things are encouraging, and
I .see nothing in the way, if these peo
ple are unmolested, of their becom
ing civilized, enlightened, and happy.
The work of reformation is already
coHnmenctfd: and if they could but en-
io* tl -anquility of mind, I have no
doubt b.wt that it ivould rapidly ad
vance,”
it) Silistria have withdrawn to their
quarters in Moldavia fy Wallachia, &
that without any attempt of the ene
my, it.should seem, to annoy them.-—
By this corps these provinces will he
protected fiorn attack by the Turks
during the winter- This is the state
of things. That the Turks will be
able, to effect much whilst the severi
ty of the weather continues, is not
likely ; but when the field is open, all
will depend upon the animus and the
preparations of the Russians.
That their army must be greatly
shattered is plain; and there «re
three things on which th® Emperor
Nic holas will have to meditate, the
expense of a. new campaign; the vast
reinforcements necessary to under
take it with any prospect of suc cess;
& the not very comfortable fact, that,
Varna excepted, he has all his work
»«> begin again. He must begin anew
nith^W.ou.ia; look the formidable
Shuinla in the faco; and run the risk
of wasting another summer. If ano
ther plau of operations could be tak
en, which, with less loss of time and
men, could bring them into circum
stances in which they could force the
Turks into the field, well; if not, the
prcjspect of subduing Turkey is not
one of tire brightest.—Negotiations
are : active; but then the main party,
the Turk himself, is not likely to con
sent to any thing but the state of
thhig& before the war, to submit to
vyhich would be a great humiliation
for Russia. So the matter hangs.
All attempts have failed, it would
seen, which have hitherto been made
to bling the Sultan to accede to the
treaty of London, and acknowledge the
arraigements as to the Morea. The
Allia seem to set their hearts on
this, because nothing else seems to
stand in the way of the ambassadors
returtiing to Constantinople. They
would then, it is supposed', become
actite mediators between the Porte
and Russia; England and Ifrance,
and with them Austria, not being dis
pleased to see Russia humbled, and
to discover that Turkey, with a lit
tle assistance from them, may at any
tirri^ he made an effectual barrier a
gainst the projects of Russian aggran
dizement. If the obstinacy of the
Sultin preveht this, it will look some
what like infatuation, and may lead to
singular results. The present hope
appears to rest upon this, that ^he
ambassadors have agreed to restrict
the limits of Greece to the Morea
and the Cyclades, which, it is said in
a French paper, they purpose to
erect, not into an independent state,
hut into a province, administered by
its own laws, hut still subject to the
Porte. If this l?e so, they have come
back to Mr. Canning’s project, only
they have now the difficulty of bring
ing Russia to return to the status ante
hello.
[From the Gazette de France, Dee. W.J"
Bucharest, Nov. 14.
It is said that Count Diebilsch has
ordered all the Regiments of Cavalry
to send agents to Russia to purchase
horses, because the army is to be com
plete by the 1st January. The Rus
sian Councillor Taschkoiv, who has
accused the inhabitants of the Prin
cipalities of having caused the disas
ters of the Russian army by not fur
nishing the provision required, set out
for St. Pelersburgh two days ago.
The plague daily extend# its ravages,
not only in tire city but in the surround
ing country. *
Count Langeron returned from Sil-
listria to this place two days ago, with
a great number of Generals and Staff
Officers.
A letter from Jassay says, that
Count Wittgenstein arrived in that
city with his staff, on the evening oL
the 20th.
As all the magazines in Wallachia
are exhausted, and as tin 1 Russian ar
my is still 80,000 strong, only 30 or
40,000 will remain in the province
during the winter. The remainder
will he cantoned partly in Moravia, &
partly in Bessarabia. However, our
country is so'exhausted that it will
not l>© able to maintain, by its own
resources, as orders have been given,
such a number of troops, without runn-
inzthe risk of famine.—Nuremburg
Courier of War and Peace.
[From the Meseager de« Chambres of De-
„ cembf! 20.]
Pvris, Dec. 19-
The Courier of Smyrna, of the 8th
Nuvemher, continues to anounce that
every thing is preparing to retake Var
na. A camp of 60.000 is going to be
formed between Aldos and Sunda, and
some troops and 80 pieces of cannon
have already been sent thither. It
will be under the command of Ahdur-
atnan Pacha, late Governor ofBosnia.
The coast ofthe Blaek Sea is going to
he furnished with troops. Ten thou
sand men are already gone to invest
Varna. The Turks are preparing for
winter campaign, and seem deter
mined to carry it on vigorously. As
for that which will begin next Spring,
it may he expected that it will be ter-
■ihle, and H>n< Europe has perhaps
this which 1 will preserve us from the com
mon burialjplace of Indians—oblivion, in
which many tribes are forgotten, & to which:
many Would suppose us to be hastening.
INDIAN CLANS.' ’
Most of our readers probably know whtr^
is meant by Indian clans. It is no more
than a division of art Indian tribe idto large
families. We believe this custom is uhi-'
versal with the NoMt American Indians^
Among the Cherokeei are seven clans,
such as Wolf, Deer, Pant, &c. ‘J’his sim
ple division of the Chebkces formed the 5
grand work by which narriages were reg
ulated, and murder pudshed. A Chero
kee could marry into anfafthe clan9 except
two, that to which his fther belongs, for-
all of that clan are his ^thers and aunt6^
and that to which his tnoher belongs, fop
all of that clan are his brithers and sisters*
a child invariably inherilngthe clan of its
mother. This customVhich originated
from time immemorial vas observed with
the greateit strictness. So law could he
guarded and enforced with equal caution-
In times past, the penal; annexed to it
was not less than death. Bit ithasBearcety,
perhaps never bcen violat'd, except within
a few years. Now it is jwgded with im
punity, though not to an qual extent with
other customs of thrt^Cheikees. , *
But it was the mutual)*tv of clans as
connected with murder, vViith rendered the>'
custom savage and barbarui. We speak
of what it was once, not as,i\ is now, for
the Cherokees, after experiencing,sad ef_
fects from it, determined {(, and did about
never seen a more desperate and «™-
The Sul
guinary contest. 1 he Sultan
io,-e, in three months, 400000 men un
der arms, not including the garrisons
of the fortresses, and all will repeat
these words, which he hims-jlf pro
nounced a few days ago—“Honour &
tndeoendence are more worth than
life.”
will
TVEW ECHOTAs
WEDNESDAY, FEB. 18, 1829.
twenty year* ago in a solemn count!!, a .
bolish it. From that time, murder , , a s
been considered a governmental criuje.-
Previous to that, the following were too
palpably true, viz:
The Cherokees as a natiop, had nothijgr
-to do with murder.
Murder was punished upon the princi
ple of retaliation. •
It belonged to the clan of the murdered
to revenge his death.
If the murderer fled, his brother or near
est relative was liable to suffer in his stcadv
If a man killed his brother,he was amen
able to no law or clam
If the murderer (this howei-c* is known
only by tradition) was not as respectable as
the murdered, his relative, or a man of hi*
clan of a more resueclstanding
name to suffer.
To kill, under any circumstance what--
ever, was considered murder, and punish
ed accordingly.
Our readers will say, “those were savage
laws indeed.” They were, and the Glier-
okees were then to be pitied, for the above
Were not mere inoperative laws, hut most
rigorously executed. But we can now' say
with pleasure, that they are all repealed,
and are remembered only as vestiges of ig
norance and barbarism.
NATIONAL ACADEMY.
Sometime ago we inserted a short notice
as an advertisement, headed New Echota
Academt. From this circumstance some
of our friends have fallen into an error, in
supposing that the National Academt
had commenced it* operation. The no
tice above referred to, was calculated to
dovoiv. those Trlio knew that it had been
the intention of the authorities ofthe na
tion to establish such an institution.
A Seminary of a respectable grade, such
an one as was contemplated to be estab
lished in thiR place, is very much needed
among us. AVe still hope that something
will be done towards it. If the interest of
the avails of the reservation expressly de
voted to the support of education among the
Cherokees, and which will probably be
sold next falll, was laid out in the establish
ment and support ofthe contemplated A-
cademv, we believe it would meet the
wish of the nation. The nation has not
otherwise any means of supporting it.—
The power of applying the school fund in
question, we believe is left, according to a
treaty stipulation, with the President of
the United States. He will no doubt be
willing to grgtify the wishes of his Chero
kee children, more so as the funds proper
ly belong to them.
We consider it high tune for this nation
to do something -for themselves in encour
aging and supporting education. We Sre
glad, however, to testify to the public, that
there is a commendable disposition in this
respect in a large portion of our citizens.—
The Cherokees as a nation have had suffi
cient time to learn and appreciate the ad
vantages of knowledge: for what else dis
tinguishes them from their brethren ? What
but- a larger share of information makes
them more respected ? • It becomes every
citizen then, particularly every ruler, as a
guardian ofthe nation’s welfare, to do his
utmost endeavor to forward education. It
»this which will ensure re»pect.. It i»
DESPERATE ENCOUNTER'.
0
A most butcherly conflict between
two runaway negroes, took place on
Saturday night last, in Hertford coun
ty, North Carolina, the particulars of
which have been communicated by a
gentleman of undoubted veracity, re
siding in the town of Winton, in that
county. Tom, who was a very likely
fellow, a bright mulatto, feaid to be
long to a Mr. Wamble*, of Southainp-
ton county, (Va.) and Nat," who for
merly belonged to a Mr. Jenkins, of
Hertford, but was sold by him to a
Georgia-man, had beeu 4 or 8 years
ranging the forests of Hertford as run
aways.—They had lived together like
brothers during all that time, and had
rendered themselves so terrible by
their daring villainies, that numerous
attempts were made to arrest them*
whioh they had successfully eluded.—
On the night above mentioned, they
w T ere at a fodder stack, six miles from
Winton; a dispute about some trifling
circumstance hod brought them to
to high words, and Tom at last became
so irritated that he laid down his gun,
and taking a fence rail from the stack
peri, struck Nat a blow with t it, which
felled him to the ground, and on b‘il
repeating the blow, Nat drew a long
bladed knife and plunged it into Tom’s
breast; upon which Tom seized his
gun,and fired the whole contents (buck
ihot) into Nat’s bowels, and then r«-
rersing the weapon, proceeded to bent
him over the head with the breech;
Nat at the same time stabbing him i*
the side and breast with his knife, un
til finally, Tpm having shivered his gun
to pieces in laying on upon Nat, left
him and walked about 60 paces, when
he dropped dead. Nat’s cries soon
brought some people to his assistance,
whp removed him to a house, where
he survived only a few hours, dur
ing which he gave the preceding
account of his sanguinary conflict.
1:
ta .