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increase the force at Cantonment
Towson. It is really singular that
it has been so long neglected.”
Ark. Gaz.
We learn by a gentleman who re
turned a few days since from Can
tonment Gibson, that the negroes who
were recently forcibly taken from the
Cherokee Indians, (as mentioned in
our last paper;, by a citizen of Craw
ford county, have been surrendered,
and returned to the nation.—Id.
Valuation of Cherokee Improvments.
— .Ve understand, that the Secretary
of War has appointed J\Iaj. E. IV. Idu
Val, Superintendent of Indian Affairs
for the Cherokee Indians; Rev. Al
fred Finney, late of the Dwight Mis
sion in the Cherokee Nation; aud Rud-
ford Ellis, Esq. of Conway county, to
be Appraisers, for the purpose of
viewing and appraising the improve
ments owned by the Cherokee Indians
in the country which that Nation ceded
to the United States, by the late Trea
ty. The Appraisers, we understand,
will immediately, proceed to execute
the trust reposed in them.—Id.
Indian Wvn.—Information of hos
tile designs on the part the Pawnee In-
di '.ns was published sometime since.
W6 leanv now, says the Missouri
Republican.'from major Hamtramek,
who has arrived in this city Irom his
Agency in the Osage nation, that the
Uews af the successful operations of
the Camanches and Pawnee Picks,
on the Santa Fe road, had been spread
through the neighboring tribes, and
aroused the whole to some daring ac-
ti >n. Runners had been passing be
tween the Camanches, Arapahoes,
Pawnee Picks, and Kiainechis, lor
the purpose of spreading the excite
ment, maturing plans and forming a
concentration of forces. It is sup.
posed they will watch the Santa Fe
v.oed, and in the event of finding noth
ing on it, our frontier may suffer.
Major H mitr-m k is of opinion, from
evidence it his possession, that Mr.
Means, of Franklin was killed, and
his companions robbed, by the Paw
nee Picks. General Atkinson has,
we understand, received orders to al-
fo"d protection to our frontiers. The
Osa >:es have volunteered the services
of from 800 to 1000 warriors, which
the government have accepted, in the
event of the General’s receiving an
auxiliary force of O-sages. The
Os-.res are disciplined in that Pawnee
m ' !e of warfare, and intimately ac-
cj 'uinted with the topography of their
count ry.
Latf. Indian Treaties.—Several
Treaties with the Indians have lately
been ratified by the Senate, by whic h
important cessions of land have been
Drained. For a tract on the Missis-
$ ,ii, Otiiseonsin, &c. the United
S ties are to pav $20,000 in goods;
fir another, bordering on Lake Michi
gan, a perpetual annuity of £3 000.
and an additional one of §1,000 for 20
years, besides a present payment of
$30,000 in goods, and $10,000 in
goods and $5,000 insnccie in 1839,
&o. One thousand dollars per an
num : s to be expended for the pur
poses of education. .
JVEW KCflOTA:
WEDFTCHDAV, PIS it. 25, 1829.
An attempt is made by the authorities of
Georgia to c talilish a legal right to that
part of this Nat : on lying south of a line
commenc ng at Suwanna old town, to six’s
on th” Hightower, an 1 down said river to
the chartered line of Georgia and Alabama.
The claim rest* simply upon the following:
ft s contended that the l.nc above describ
ed was once the boundary line between the
Cberokees and Creeks—that the new boun
dary line between these two nation of In
ti an*, lias never been ratified or recognised
by the United States’ Governmerifcofcourse
it is null and void—and that, as the whole
chartered limits of Georgia in tilt Creek
Nat;ut) waseeded to the United States, in
nv <at is commonly called the oil Treaty,
tbit part of the Cherokee nation now con
tended for, was included. It appears that
the Governor was authorised by the legis
lature to have testimony on this subject
c ,1'ected, and if he thought the evidence
wa-i sufficient to establish the claim, to take
jios5.-ss.on of the Country—by force o'
•courie. The Milledgeville Journal of 30th
ub. contains a summary of the evidence
collected by Col. Wales, of Habersham,
was deputed (or that purpose., JTu»
reader will form a correct opinion of the
nature of the testimony from-the following.
Jacob R. Brooks, of Do Kalb, states
that ho lias resided on the Chatta
hoochee since 1819, and had a tran
sient residence there some time pre
vious—recollects conversing with na
tives and citizens ol the Cherokee na
tion about their boundary, aid al
ways, till 1821, understood that the
line commenced atSuwanna old tiwn,
on the Cattahoochec, and ran on thuice
to a Creek called Alah-Kulsee[divitin*
line) thence down the said creek to
the Hightower river, near Sixas dd
town, and down said river to tke
mouth of Wills creek—Has undei-
stood that in 1821, an arrangement
was made between the chiefs ol the
two tribes, by which their line was
removed, so as to commence at a
point 50 miles lower down on th*
Chattahoochee, called the Buzzari
Roost, and from thence to the moutn
of Wills Creek—That there was io
white man present when the last line
was run—has never understood that
it was ratified or recognised by the
government of the United States.
[sham Williams, of Gwinnet, was
living at the Hog mountaiu for some
lime before the tieoty of 1817 with
the Cherokees—has understood from i
those who had become citizens of flic
Cherokee nation by marriage, that
the dividing line between the two na
tions, was an old trail crossing the
Chattahoochee at Suwanna old town,
and running on, aud striking the High
tower river at a place ca 11cl Sixas
old town.
After inserting a string of similar, andall
hearsay evidence, the Journal says—
Such is the testimony collected by
Col Wales; and it surely is quite
enough to establish the fact that the
true line between the two nations is,
as described in the evidence.
Undoubtedly, ifamanmay he allowed
to be a judge in bis own case, and to de
cide without hearing evidence pr# and
con.
The facts av connected with this subject,
we believe,are these. Previous to the estab
lishment of the present line, commencing
from the Buzzard Roost to the mouth ol
Wills Creek, there was no established
boundary between the Cherokees and
Creeks The Creeks to be sure claimed
oucp as far north as the Hightower, but this
was no evidence that they were correct,
for the Cherokees claimed as far south of
the present line, To avoid misunder
standing and disputes, a convention was
held, composed of commissioners of both
nations. It was sometime before they
could agree, but finally,the prcs< nt bound
ary line was cslablihcd to the satisfaction
of both parlies. Jn this transaction the
Creeks did not cede any lands to the Cherci-
kees, nor the Cherokees to the Creeks, hut*
merely defined the extent of their claims.
We do not see w hy it was necessary fgr
the U. Slates Government to ratify or re
cognise such a transaction. Certainly it
was against no treaty. But furthermore,
if it was necessary that such a recognition
should be given, our neighbours are still
unfortunate, for the General Government
has recognised the boundary between the
Cherokees and Creeks. In the second
article of the treaty of Washington, defin
ing the extent of the cession made by the
Creeks to the United States, these words
occur—“Beginning at a point on the wes
tern hank of said river, forty-seven miles
below th” point where the boundary line
between the Creeks and Cherokees strikes
the Chatahoocliy rive, near the Buzzard
Roost.” Aga n in the same article—“and
from the point of beginning, running in a
direct line to a point in the boundary line
between the said Creeks and Cherokees
Here it is evident the contracting pa; tie
the Senate and President of the United
Slates who ratified the treaty, considered
that boundary line lawful, and that the
Creeks hail no right to any lands north of
that line. Mr. Wright, the United States
Surveyor, was also expressly instructed to*
follow the ‘line, and not to tarn cither
North or South, if the line marked out by
the Cherokees and Creeks should not hap
pen to be direct. Is there not here a suf
ficient acknowledgement on the part of the
U. States that they considered this line as a
boundary line between the Cherokees and
Creeks?
But supposing the Creeks really owned
the land now claimed by the State ot Geor
gia, under what treaty would it be pos.eas
ed by that State? Shtf't^ould have to oh-.i
tain it by a new treaty, for the treaty of
Washington, which nullifies-the one of the
Indian Spring, does not relinquish it to
her. It is therefore quite premature for
her totalk of taking possession ofthe Cotfn-
:rv, unless she is determined to go contra
ry to law and justice..
8incf this subject has teen agitated,
our infudmg neighbours have thought
that Here was nothing-do do but to move in
and occupy the country. There has con-
seepietitly been a general stir amongst
them. In some instances, we are told,
attempts have been made to force the
Cherokees out of their peaceful habita
tions. Our readers will, however, be glad
to learn that efficient measures will be em
ploy eel to prerent the progress of this
evil.
The Journal concludes with the follow
ing. “That the Cherokees themselves
innulge the belief that Georgia will suc
ceed in establishing her claim, is evident
from the fact, that since the . subject has
been agitated, a deputation has been sent
to Washington City.” The only reply
we have to make to tills is, that the de
putation was sent before the subject was
agitated.
some would have us believe. A vir
tuous and an enlightened people, yield
ing to the dictates of humanity and
wisdom, have endeavored to meliorate
our condition, aud 1 am happy to say,
with our own exertions, their efforts
have been blessed with much success.
Will they now with their own hands
pull down the monument which they
have for years been building to the
memory of their exalted names, and
cnAi us in the fall1-
To shew that we do not exaggerate,
when we say that some of our citizens are
treated rudely on the Georgia frontiers we
give the following instance: A Cherokee
residing eight miles from Carrol Coun
ty*, w as obliged one night to be absent with
his family. During his absence, some of
Ins white neighbours came, and robbed
lnm of every thing lie possessed in his
iiouse, not even leaving Ins feather-bed.
Vow, there is no way, according to,,
Jhe laws of Georgia, in which this poor
Cncrokce can obta.n justice. Why ? be .
cause no Indian can be a witness or a party
m any Court created by the constitution
pr laws of that State. If this is not complete
tyranny, w*c confess wc do not understand
the term.
For the Cherokee Phccnix.
Willstown 12th Fob. 1829.
Mr. Editor,—Agreeably to Mr.
Lowrey’s instructions, I herewith
transmit for publication an extract
of his letter to the United States’ A-
gent, and alsu a copy of the Agent's
reply thereto, in both languages, for
the information of our fellow citizens
ofthe Cherokee nation; particularly
those on the frontiers of Georgia,
whose rights have been, unwarranta
bly invaded. From the letter of the
Agent, they will learn, that measures
have been taken to ensure their re
lief, and that justice will be rendered
to them.
D. BROWN.
By the last mad we leceived the follow
ing letter irom a member of the Cherokee
Delegation, now m Washington City. It
is oated, February 4Ui, 18-29.
Dear Sir,
‘Presuming that some of our Cher
okee friends at home are anxious to
hear how we are getting along with
our business, I can merely inlomi you,
that tve paid our respects to the Sec
retary of War on our arrival, after
which we submitted the various sub
jects of our mission, but have heard
n'thing from the Department. On ac-
ount of the multiplicity of business
before the several Departments dur
ing tlve Session of Congress, 1 do not
expect that our business will have an
early attention, consequently, wc
have no correct idea how long we
shall be detained. The Honorable
Secretary, at our interview, soon took
occasion to pass an eulogy upon
the fine country at the V\ est, and
thought we had better emigrate;—
there we would he out of Georgia s
way, audshciould no longer be rais
ing up little quarrels with us, and we
could build up a great republic of our
own. But, Sir, it is loo late, the
day is passed by, for who is Georgia?
and who are the Cherokees? If
tve trace the history of Georgia
hack to the days of Oglethorp, we
lint! that her history as a colony has
but just commenced, and a large j
portion of her Territi ry has been
bought from the Cherokees, w ho have
been acknovvleged as the sovereign
lords of the soil since the disc ov>
cry of America or the issuing of the
Royal parchment. But in tracing the
history of the Cherokees we are lost in
the ages of antiquity. They were a
distinct nat ion of people, residing upon
the very land they now occupy, long
before the existence of Oglethorp.
The population of Georgia encroach
ed upon them, and they were compel
led to recede, until they have be
come surrounded by the population of
other states that have sprung up, and
partly upon their land. The United
States have magnanimously guarantied
to them their present possessions, and
are bound to prevent intrusion, hut tbe
restless spirit of Georgia would drive
them into wretchedness and ruin to
gratify their unbounded desires, and as
a last resort have threatened the ex
tension of their laws. , If they attempt
the measure, how will they succeed?
There must of course he officers to
execute those laws, and who are they
to be? Not one wiil he a Cherokee.
No, I am not so credulous as to believe
there are any who will pull down ruin
upon their own heads. They cannot be
Georgians, for the very moment they
enter our Territory, they are intru
ders. and the United States Govern
ment is hound by a solemn act of her
own to remove, and enforce the inter
course law* against, them. The indi
vidual states have no power over us
nor can they have until the Constitu
tion of the United States is changed so
as to affect it. and then what becomes
of the plighted faith ofthe government.
(,)ur situation is not so deplorable as
W ILLS TOWN, C. N
2d. Feb. 1829.
Col. Hugh Montgomery,
Agent intiian affairs C. Nation.
Sir—1 hasten lo acquaint you with
the information I have to-day receiv
ed, from a source not to be questioned,
that a considerable number ol tbe cit
izens of the United States, on tbe
frontiers of Georgia, have. ciosse.il over,
the national boundary line, and have
entered the Cherokee nation; that
they are actually settling tin mselvcs
on the same, among-other objects, to
annoy our citizens at their peaceful
huhitali ns,& lo deprive them of rights
and privileges secured and guarantied
to them m the most soh mn manner by
the United States Government.
Of course yon will, without delay,
take measures to have intruders or
dered out of the nation, agreeably to
existing treaties (the supreme law of
the land) ^etween the General Gov
ernment and the Cherokee nation.
1 have the honor to be, Sir, your
obedient serv’t.
GEO. LOWREY.
tribute to mutual' satisfaction and iuist
proveinent.
In making this communication I am* |
influenced by a sincere good wish lo:
the happiness and prosperity of your;
people, and for their continued ad- ,
vances in civilized life. In travelling J
through your country nearly two years i
ago I was much pleased with tho-
sight of a pamphlet of your
laws. This was a specimen p("
your progress in improved govern
ment which in my opinion reflected
credit on the rulers of your people.
In sending you our laws, I by no
means expect that they will all he of
any rise to you. Very jew of them
would suit your condition. Indeed
many of them are unsuited to our own
situation. They are generally too
long, and many of them, especially
those relating to the conducting of'
suits in courts, are too complicated,
for ourselves or any other people.—
They grew out of old fasliioned for
malities used by our European ances
tors, and should be done away. The
perfection of laws is, to be short,
plain, and well executed. Pleadings <
in courts should require no otherfprm t
than to let both parties Know distinct
ly what is alledged, that a fair trial
may he had. I trust there are rnany
things in our system of government
and laws that will suit your people at
some future day. > • ,
I will very happy to-hear frorar
won Be assured of my good 'wishes?
Your most Obt.
ISRAEL PICKENS*
John Ross Esq.
P. S J also send the minutes of our*'
Bible society. Should this institu
tion ho able to render you any advany
tage, 1 would be happy to know it.
i. r«
Cherokee Agency, )
7th Feb. 1829. \
Mr. Gf.o. Lowrey,
Sir—I have just received ypur
letter of the 2d. i .si. 1 have previous
ly been informed Of the trespasses
committed and committing on the
Georgia frontier, and have sent on the
Sub-agent (whoso duty it is made by
the Secretary of War to keep the In
dians’ lands clear of intrusions) to
warn them all individually off—and
have nfcio instructed him, in the event,
that they, or any of them, do not go,
to go and take warrants lor them, and
have them hound to appear at the
Federal court, or sent to jail.
I have in the meantime enclosed to
the Secretary of War, a letter re
ceived from William Rogers, on the
Chattahoochee, on the subject,and ap
prized the department, that I fear
they cannot he kept off, without a mil
itary force kept there, which I hope
will be granted.
Be assured. Sir, that nothing shall
he wanting on my part to put and
keep all trespassers off the Cherokee
lands.
Respectfully, Your obt. serv’t.
H. MONTGOMERY.
PATENT OFFICE AT WASH-
1NGTON.
The Patent Office w as the most in
teresting establishment, which I saw r ,
at Washington. The,large apartment
in which the patents arc contained**.
has not mmli apparent order of ar-*
rangement; for the subject is too mi-'
merous and monstrous to be arranged
or classified. Here you see 1500 or
2000 projects to triumph over gravi
ty and friction, time and space,
height and depth, and to make for
tunes by catching dame nature nap-'
ping in some of her most fixed ptirpq-"
scs. But the old lady has proved, far*
the mdst port, too witty, mid too''
wide awake for (hem. It is a. foe
study of the human head turned in
side out. Every one of these little'
wheels, arches,levers, springs, whim
sies and contrivances, in all their com
binations, had existed as archetypes
in some head,—The head itself, where
wound up by the dosire of money anct
fame, is a most versatile and rapid
engine. Every owe of these invention#
had occupied, no doubt., an inordinate
space in the head of the inventer.
The greater number lire models- or
laboi saving machinery, of bridges*
railways, and the application ofstepm'
power, and if I recollect, not a few
projects for perpetual motion, 'fher
kind and communicative Swiss, who'
showed and examined the raod.els r
pulled the strings,trundled the w'lienls^
and moved the springs with great gaie
ty. To the question how mauy hint
been found useful? ho replied withl
the customary shrug—all be p^efnt
to dc inventer. To oders may be ticen-*'
ty—may be ten. Some for somethings
Some for nothing.
- JVsw York Enquirer.
If the spirit exhibited in the following
letter should become general and predom
inate in th*' hearts of the members of the
national and.state Legislatures, we should
expect something good fgr the Indians.
Executive Department, Ala
Caiiaba, Dec. 18tli 1824.
Dear Sjr,—I transmit to you
through the hand of my friend Gener
al Dale a Digest of our laws. This
contains the laws of Alabama from
the commencement of its Territorial
government until the year 1823,—also
the Declaration of our national inde
pendence, the constitution of the Uni
ted States, and of the State of Ala
bama. I also send you a copy of the
laws passed at the last session (1823
-4.) It is my desire that these should
be received hy you for the use of the
public authorities of your nation.
I will be very happy to receive your
laws; and to continue an interchange
of such laws as may be enacted by out
respective governments, should such
interchange meet your approbation
Such office? of good fellowship he
1 tween neighbouring people must cou-
MORALS OF THE WEST.
A young man, who has been for a
few months a resident in one of the*
principal cities of the West, thu»
writes to a relative in-this vicinity:—*•
Chr Mir.
“This is a very flourishing placet
and is said to be the most moral of any
place West of the mountains, of it* 1
size. This you doubtless are glad to*
hear; but let me tell you farther—-I
have seen one steam-boat launched’*
here on the Sabbath, and have .seen a «
boat start down the river, on a Sab*' ■
bath morn, w*ith a trumpeter ofideck*,,
playing up “auld lang syne,” dancing;*
tunes, &e. In addition la this, there’.*
arc many who keep their grocery*
stores open on that day. Last Sab- -
hath evening 1 heard a man say, that-L
their crew, 40 in number, had killed*;"
and dressed six hundred hogs, that day! j
I presume there tvere other com*"
paniel, that lied been engaged, in a.*-
exeater or less degree, in the same*-
w ay. Oh! how unlike is such conduct
tft the almost universal respect which*,
is paid to <h-*t blessed day throughout^)
i happy New-EnglandI”