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CHEROKEE PH(ES IX, AND INDIANS’ ADVOCATE.
PRINTED UNDER THE PATRONAGE, AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS.—E. LCUDINC'IT, 1D11CK.
VOL. II. NEW ECHOTA, WEDNESDAY JULY 1,1829. jyo. 13.
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PHCEN1X,
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81 I I—■——————
INTEMPERANCE.
v9» Address on Ardent Spirit, rend be
fore the New Hampshire Medical Socie
ty, at their annual Meeting, June, 5,
1827. liy R. D. Mussey M, D., at
that time President of the Society, and
Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, in
Dartmouth College.
(Concluded.)
If ardent spirit be necessary to
lieallh and activity, how did the world
et along without it for forty eight
undred years? How could the Ro
man soldiery withstand the frightful
onsets of Hannibal, with nothing to
drink, Stronger than vinegar and wa
ter? Take a soldier of the present
day, clothe him with heavy Roman
Armour; and give him the pilum and
fchort sword, weapons, which, it has
been said, ‘conquered the world; and
It will soon appeal what blessings we
have derived from nlkohol. The
modern Achilles cripplis under his
load, unable to raise from the ground
the instrument with which he is to
meet his foe.
“But alkohol is certainly useful as
« medicine, and it may he resorted to
as an antidote to infections.” If it
be a good medicine, let it. be used on
ly as a medicine. What has a healthy
man to do with medicine? Let it be
kept only on the shelves of the apothe-
«ary. But how does it appear that
spirit affords security under exposure
to contagion? The history of certain
epidemics will show, that they de
stroy a larger proportion of tipplers,
jdjan of those who are temperate.
Two physicians of my acquaintance
were called to prnctise in the same
epidemick scarlet fever. One drank
spirit, freely, the other not at all; they
were equally exposed to the conta
gion, and botb took the diaeane. The
drinker died, the other recovered. If
you are exposed to the infectious air
of sick rooms, take plain nourishing
fond at regular intervals, and unstimu
lating drinks.
“But if useless as a preventive, is
not alkohol important in the treatment
of disease?” I admit that it is some
times convenient, but 1 deny that it is
essential to the practice ol physic or
surgery. Do we wish to rekindle
the taper of life as it glimmers in a
fainting lit, we have ammonia and the
volatile oils, and what is better than
every thing else, cold water, to be
administered by allusion. Is it re
quired to produce a tonick effect in a
case of long standing debility, the to
nick roots, and barks, and woods, im
part their invigorating properties to
water or acid. Are w r e called upon
to relieve pain, opium is altogether
superior to alkohol. Do we need a
solvent for opium, we have it in the
acetous acid. The black drop is one
of the best solutions of opium ever in
vented.
“But what is to be done with the
medicinal resins and aromatick oiis,
must not they be dissolved in alkohol? ”
The medicinal resins do not consti
tute a very important class of reme
dies, but they may be given in line
powder, rubbed with some inert fria
ble substance, or dissolved in an es
sential oil, or made into an emulsion.
The ordinary mode of using them does’
not carry them into the stomach in the
state of solution, as they are instant
ly precipitated in a floeculeut form on
being thrown into water. As for the
aromatick oils, they may be given in
the form of liquid soap, or emulsion
rubbed with alkali, or sugar and
water, and in this way they exert
their specilick effects.
Is the physician required to pre
scribe a restorative; if quinine and
bark, and bitters, and metallick to
nics will not do, shall he prescribe
alkohol? This is never certain and
always unsafe, inasmuch as there is
imminent danger of a permanent rel
ish being acquired for it; nor does it
compare, in its restorative powers, in
cases where the complaint w r as not
produced or modified by the previous
use of it, with the pure fermented and
well preserved juices of the grape and
the apple. The factitious wines ex
tensively vended in our country, are
poor restoratives; they contain a
large proportion of alkohol.
I maintain then, that, taking into
view the danger of making tipplers by
giving ardent spirit to the sick, and
considering that all its medicinal vir
tues are found in other articles, man
kind would not on the whole be losers,
if it should be banished not only from
the houses of every class of t lie com
munity, but also from the shops of
apothecary.
There can be little doubt of the
correctness of the prevailing opinion,
that the consumption of ardent spirit
thas been, for a few years past, an
alarmingly,increasing evil in our coun-
ry. *
By the marshal’s returns in 1810,
it appeared that no less than thirty
three millions three hundred sixty
five thousand five hundred and twenty
nine gallons of spirit were distilled
and imported, for a single year’s con
sumption in thte United States; and
there is little doubt that this estimate
is far short of the truth, as there is,
probably, every year, a considerate
quantity smuggled into the country,
of which of course no account is given.
If from that time, the consumption of
ardent spirit has only kept pace with
the population, it will amount to fifty
six millions of gallons; hut from the
increase in the consumption, says a
distinguished gentleman of our state,
in an elaborate , calculation, from
which the following results are taken,
‘we may snfclv set it down at sixty
.millions. This will give to every in
dividual. man woman and child, inclu
ding bond and free, five gallons each.
Deducting the slaves and children un
der ten years of age, it will give to
the rest not less than eight gallons
each.’ Is this result impossible?
must there be an error in the calcu
lation? The common seamen of our
navy are allowed a daily ration of
half a pint of spirit each. This is a-
bout twenty three gallons a year, and
when it is considered that hundreds
of thousands of our citizens drink
twice, thrice or even four times this
quantity, the foregoing result will not
appear improbable.
‘Sixty millions of gallons, taking
into the estimate, the quantity of
home distilled spirits disguised and
sold for foreign liquors, the free dilu
tion of home and imported liquors be
fore they reach the consumer, and the
large proportion retailed in Small
quantities at a price greatly in ad
vance of the primary cost, may be
fairly reckoned at about one dollar
the gallon; but to be within bounds
place it at fifty million dollars. If
to the actual cost of ardent spirits,
we add the loss of time, the waste of
property, various expenses of sick
ness and law suits occasioned by
their use, and the amount expended in
the support of paupers reduced to in
digence by intemperance, to what an
enormous sum will the whole amount?
One hundred millions of dollars is
probably far short of the truth.’ Let
half this sum be annually levied upon
the people in the form of a direct tax,
and insurrection and revolt would ap
pear in every part of our country.
From calculations made by the
gentleman before alluded to, in which
1 have great confidence, but which
are too long to be admitted here, it ap
pears in the highest degree probable,
that from twenty thousand to thirty
thousand persons in the United States,
are annually brought to a premature
death through the influence of ardent
spirit. Place the number at twenty
five thousand.
One hundred millions of dollars, di
vided among the different slates ac
cording to their population, would
give to New-Humpshire, about two
millions five hundred thousand dollars.
Apply this sum to the support of gov
ernment, of the clergy, and of schools;
improve the means of education by
the establishment of any reasonable
number of high schools, and the most
extensive endow ment of the college;
make a hundred new public roads;
cut canals, and build railways in eve
ry useful direction; smooth down the
rugged features of the state, by giv
ing the most liberal encouragements
to agriculture; build up manufactur
ing establishments; cherish the useful
and the fine arts by large premiums
and salaries; endow a hospital in each
country, and distribute unheard of
sums among the numerous and charit
able objects of"the day; send a hun
dred missionaries to India, and as
many to our western wilderness; and
in ten years our treasury would groan
under the burden of unappropriated
monies.
Twenty-five thousand lives in our
country in one year! This number
multiplied by the time which has elaps-
edsince the last peace with Great Brit
ain, will give three hundred thou
sand, a larger number than met in
1812, on the bloody plains spread out
before the ancient city of the Czars.
Apply this calculation to the popula
tion of Europe, and you have three
hundred and seventy-five thousand an
nually, or four millions one hundred
and tw’enty-five thousand in eleven
years, the time since the peace in
1816; a number nearly equal to that
swallowed up by that vortex of hu
man life, the French revolution, and
its consequent wars.
How can any thing he done effectu
ally to check this mightv evil? I
give the same answer to this question
which has repeatedly been given
Within the last few months; change
public opinion, make it unpopular, un
fashionable to drink spirit. What is
the use of applying to Government for
a tax upon ardent spirit so large as to
place it beyond the reach of the low
er classes in the community? Leg
islative enactments which far outiun
public opinion, are worth nothin*.
Fashion, and custom, hold men with a
stronger arm than Legislative pre
scription. But how change public
opinion;, is it not already an over
whelming torrent rolling onward with
resistless and increasing power? Man
can accomplish wonders both in the
physical and moral world; he dares
even meditate a canal across the
isthmus of Darien, expecting 'o low
er the waters in the gulf of Mexico,
and perhaps to stop the gulf stream;
ami if!.„ that recollects the mighty
moral achievements accomplished in
the time of the reformation by the ef
forts of a single man, shall despond at
the vastness of the change now con
templated.
Let all good men, all well wishers
to social life and family quiet; to
health, industry and the arts; to re
ligion, morals and good government,
unite their efforts; and by all possible
means, but chiefly by their example,
in rigidly abstaining from ardent spir
it, discourage and discountenance its
use, among all within the sphere cf
their influence.
‘I know, says some worthy man,
‘that the evil of spirit drinking is a
great one, and I heartily wish we
were rid of it; but I have been in the
habit of taking it occasionally for
some years, and I find it at times par
ticularly comfortable to me; and as I
am in no danger of becoming intem
perate, must I give it up only for the
benefit of others?’ You take it fre
quently and are fond of it? are you
then in no danger? Unconsciousness
of danger is no proof of security.
There may be some reason for your
leaving it off on your own account, but
if not, have you not so much regard
for your family and the community
as to submit to a slight temporary in
convenience on their account? A\'li>
talk one way and act the other?
Your influence is on the side of con
duct, not merely of words. What
would be said of the physician who
should refuse to submit to the pro
cesses of cleansing necessary to rid
his clothes ofthe infection of small
pox, because it would cost him a lit
tle time or trouble or oilier inconven
ience; while by thus disregarding the
regulations instituted for the preser
vation of the public health, he would
expose his family and his neighbours
to the pestilence; and whose sons are
more liable to become drinkers of ar
dent spirit than the sons of him who
sets them the example?
But the glorious work of reform has
been commenced, and is now in ra
pid progress. Within the last half
year, societies for the promotion of
this object have sprung into existence,
like flowers upon the bosom of spring
after a long and cold winter; may an
abundanco of fruit follow these vigor
ous forth puttings of moral effort.
i repeat it, let all virtuous men
unite to expel the common enemy.
He ought not to be allowed a place in
Christian society. He is a foreigner,
a Mahometan, he was horn in the
land of robbers, and he lias establish
ed the genuineness of his origin by
the millions he has deprived of pro
perty, of morals, ami of life. He
ha9 come to us in the robe of friend
ship, has assured ns of his best re
gards, has proffered his aid and so
lace in sickness, pain and poverty.
Such a friend, who could reject? He
has been - received into general fa
vour, and admitted to Christian con
fidence and companionship, and what
reward has he taken for his kind of
fices? He has stolen away charac
ter, health, property, the rich bless
ings and endearments of society and
domestic intercourse, the moral sense,
life, and the hope of heaven.
Gird up then to the combat. Al
ways meet him as an enemy; never
again admit him to year bosoms; give
him no quarter; expel him from your
houses; drive him from the land. Al*
ways treat him as a murderer; he ha#
slain your brothers, he luiks for the
Jile blood of your children, he whet#
his sabre for you.
Farmer, Mechanic, Professional
man, Orator, hast thou sought front
ardent spirit strength to labour, or in-*
genuity or promptness in thy calling,
or eloquence in the ball of legislu-
tion or justice; it will palsy thine
arm, cause thy light band to forget
its cunning, and thy tongue to clcare
to thy mouth.
Christian, what hast thou to expect
from strong drink? art thou wmry,
and dost thou linger on thine upward
journey; and will ardent spirit biing
thee sooner or safer to thine home?
Dost thou Wait in the sanctmy,
hast thou been seperated 1o stand be*
fore the congregation; and when thy
graces languish, when thy devotion
burns feebly and faintly dost thou re*
kindle it with alkohol? Ah! come
cot near; bring no more this si rang#
fire to the altar, lest, from its secieU
and holy dwelling, a flame break forth
upon thee, and thou be consumed,
and (lie people with thee.
ENPIANS.
From the Newark (N. J.) Eagle.
The Indians.—A correspondent of
the Georgia Journal. Wiley Thump*
sou, has given to the public the sub"
stance of a conversation he had w ith
President Jackson soon after bis in
auguration, on the subject of the In
dians in Georgia. He stated to the
President that Georgia bad looked
with great anxiety to the political
change which had placed him in tho
federal Executive chair, under the
confident hope anil expectation that
she would at last have justice ex
tended to her; and he was anxious to
have it in his power to inform the
people of Georgia,when he arrived at
home, what course would he pursued
in reference to this subject. The
President promptly and with appar
ent pleasure gave him every assur*
mice that the expectations of Geor
gia would be realized: He had a!*
ready addressed a talk to the Creilj
Indians, urging them to emigrate wt st
of the Mississippi, by arguments
drawn from the impracticability of
their remaining a separate people,
within the limits ofa sovereign State,
and a proper view of their best inter
ests in reference to their future wcl*
fare. He had also told the Chero
kee delegation, when they called on
him, that the United States had en
tered into a contract with Georgia*
by which they solemnly premised to
extinguish for her use the Indian tiller
to all territory within her limits: (No
notice w r as taken of the important
qualifying clause, “as soon as it can 1:6
done peaceably and an fair terms:")
He told the Cherokees that the
claims of Georgia had been too long
postponed; that she would make anf
effort to force justice; that she pos
sessed a right (when and how did she
obtain it?) to extend her municipal
jurisdiction over them, and to subject
them to the control of such rules of
action as she might think proper to
prescribe to them, provided they be
not violative of the constitution of the
United States; and that the General
Government could not constitutional
ly protect them against her exereise
ofthat right; that Georgia was irrita
ted by delay and frequent disappoint
ment, and also by the recent nl tempt
ofthe Cherokees to adopt a constitu
tion and erect a separate government,
which they could not be permitted t6
do: he repeated to them, what he
had told them in 1817. that they might
emitriate to the country west of the
Mississippi, which they and their
children should possess forever, and
enjoy Ihe friendship and protection of
the United States Government, but if
they remained in Georgia! they naurt
