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INTEMPERANCE.
Ar Address on Ardent Spirit, vead be-
Jore the New Hampshwre Medicel Socie
< ty, ak their annual Meeting, June, 5,
i 827. "By R. D. Mussey M. D., al
that time President of the Sociely, and
. . ‘Professor of Anatomy and Swrgery, in
Dartmouth College.
| ‘ (Concluded.) =
+lf ardent spirit be necessary to
health and activity, how did the world
_get along without 1t -for forly eeight
hundred years? How could the Ro
man soldiery withstand the frightful
onsets of Hannibal, with *nothing to
drink, stronger than vinegar-and wa
ter? Take a soldier of the present
day, clothe lim with. heavy Roman
armour, and give higy the pilum’ and
short sword, weapous, which, it has
been said, ‘conquered the world; and
it will soon appear what biessings we
have derivedfrom alkohol. The
modern Achilles -cripples under his
“Toad, unable tß.raise from the ground
the instrument with ‘which he is to
meefihis foe. :
«Bat alkohol is certainly usefal as
a'medicine, and it may be resorted to
as an antidote to wfections.” If it
be a good medicine, let it be used on-
Iy as a medicine. What has a healthy
ntag'to do with medicine? Let it be
ke[& only on the shelves of the apothe
cary.~ But how does it appear that
spirit affords security «und@r exposure
to contagion? The histoiy* of certain
epidemics will show, that they de
stroy a larger proportion of tipplers,
than of those who dre temperate.
Two physigians of my acquaintance
were callqg to practise in the same
epidemick scarlet fever.. One drank
apirit freely, the other'na at all; they
ivere equally exposed to Uie confa
giony and both teok the discase. . The
NEW ECHOTA, WEDNESDAY JULY 1, 1829.
drinker died, the other recovered. If
| you dre expesed to the infectious air
of sick rooms, take plain nourishing
food at regular intervals, and unstimu
lating drinks. 2
‘| -*But if useless as a preveative, is
not alkohol important i the treatnent
. » :
of disease?” I admut that it is some
| tmes.convenient, but 1 deny that 1t is
essential to the practiee ot physic or
surgery.. Do we wish to rekmdle
the taper of life as it. glimmers in a
faiuting fit, we have ammonia and the
volatile oils, and what- is ‘better than
‘every thing else, cold water, to be
admanistered by affusion. Is it re
quired to produce a tonick effect ina
case of long standmg debility, the to
iiick roots, and parks, and woods, Im
part their invigorating properties to
water or acid. *Are we called upon
to relieve pain, opium is, altogeiber
supertor to alkohol, Do we ‘need a
solveat for opium, we have it in the
acetous.acid. The black drop is one
of the best solutions of opium ever in
vented. 1
«But what is to be done with the
medicinal resins and aromatick oils,
must not they be dissolved in alkohol?”
The medrcinal resins do not consti
‘tute a very important class of reme
dics, but they may be given in fine
powder, rabbed with some inerf fria
ble substance, or dissolved in an es
sential oil, ormade into an emulsion.
The ordinary mode of using them does
not carry them into the stomach in the
state of solution, as they are instant
ly precipitated ina flocculent form on
being thrown into water. As for the
aromatick oils, they may be given in
the form of liquid soap, or emulsion
rubbed with alkali,” or” sugar and
water,.and in this way they exert
their specifick effects.
Is the physician required to pre
scribe a vestorative; if quinine and
bark, and bitters, and metallick to~
nies will not do, shall he prescribe
alkohol? This is never certain and
always unsafe, inasmuch as there is
imminent danger of a permanent rel--
ish being acquired for it; nor does it
.compare, i its restorative powers, in |
cases where the complaint was not*|
produced or modified by the previous l
use of it, with the pure fermented and |
well preserved juices of the grape and
the apple. The factitious wines ex
tensively vended in our country,’.are
poor restoratives; they centain a
large proportion of alkohol. .
I maiatain then, that, taking into
view the danger of making tipplers by
siving ardent spirit to the sick, and
considering that all its medicinal vir- |
tues are found in other articles, man- |
kind would not on the whole be losers,
if it should be banished not only from
the houses of every class of the com- |
munity, but also from .the shops of
apotheeary. '
There can be " litile doubt of “the |
correctness of the prevailing opinion,
that the consumption of"ardent spirit
thas been, for a few years past, an
alarmingly,increasing evil in our coun
1Y ; : -
yßy the marshal’s returns in 1810,
it appeared that no less than thirty
ARrce millions three hundred sixty
five thousand five hindred and twenty
nine gollons of spirit were distilled
and imported, for a single year’s: ‘con
sumption in the United States; and
therve is little doubt that this estimate
is far short of the truth, as there is,
probably, every year, a considera-ie
quantity smuggled- inlo the country,
of which of course no account s given.:
If from that time, the consumption of
ardent spirit has only kept' pade “with
the population, it will amount to fifty
six millions of gallons; but from the
increase in the consumption,, says a
distinguished gentleman of ovr state,
in anr elehorate caleulation, from
which the fo"nwinvvrejults are taken,
‘we may safely sef it down at sixty
millions. This will give to every in
dividusl, man worfan and child, inclu
dine hopd and free, five gallons each.
‘Deducting the slaves and children vn-
der ten years of age, it will give to
the rest not less than eight gallons
cach.” Is this result impossible?
must thére be an error in the calcu
lation? 'The common seamien of our
navy are allowed a daily ration of
half a pint of spirit each. This is a
bout twenty three gallons a year, and
when it is considered that hundreds
of thousands of «our citizens drink
twice, thrice oreven four times this
quantity, the foregoing result will not
appear improbable. :
~*Sixty millions of gallons, taking
into the estimate, the quantity o
home distilled spirits di%uised ‘an
sold for foreign liquors, the free dilu
tion of honte and tmported liguors be
fore they reach the consumer, apd the
large,_J)roporlioh retailed in small
quantities at a price greatly in ad
vance of the primary cost; may be
fairly reckoned at about one dollar
the gallon; but ;to be within beunds
place it at fifty million dollars. I
to the actual cost of ardent spirits,
we add the lossof time, the waste of
property, various expenses of sick
ess and law suits occasioned by
heir use, and the amount expended in
the sapport of paupers reduced to in
digence’by intemperance, to what an
enormous sum will the whole amount?
One hundred willions of ~ dsllars is
probably far short of the truth.” Let
half this sum be annually levied upon
the people in the form of a direct tax,
nd insurrection and revolt would ap
pear in every part of our country. |
From calculations made by th
entleman before alluded to, in which
I have great confidence, but which
are too%ong to be admitted bere, it ap
pears?éil;le’highest degree probable,
that ffom twenty thousand to thirty
thousand persons in the United Stateg
are annually brought toa premature
death through the influence of ardent
spirit. ~ Place the number at twenty
five thousand.
One hundred millions of dollars, di
vided among the different statessac
cording to their population, would]
give to New-Hampshire, about” two
millions five hundred thousand dollars.
Apply this sum to the support of gov
ernment, of the clergy, and of schoolsj:
improve the means of educction by
the establishment of any reasonable
number of high scheols, and the most
extensive endowment of the college;
make a hundred new public: roads:
_cut -canals, and build railways in eve
ry useffl direction; smooth down the
rugged features of the state, bxv
ing the most liberal encouragenfents
to agriculture; build up manufaetur
ing establishments; cherish the useful
-and the fine arts by large ‘premiums
and salaries; efifow a hospital in each
country, and distribute usheard of
sums among the numerous and charit-'
able objects of the day; send a’ huf
dred missionfifir‘iés “to -Indiay ;{and as
many to our western wilderness; and
in ten years our treasury would groan
‘under the burden of unmappropriated
aonies. E . o
. Twenty-five -thousand fives in our
country in one year! This number
multiplied by the time which has elaps
edsince the last peace-with Great Brit
ain, will give ‘three hundred’ thon
sand, a‘larger” number than met W
1812, on‘the bloody plains spread out
before the ancient eity of the -Czars,
Apply this caleunlation to the popula
tion of Europe, and you have three
hundred and seventy-five thousand ‘an
nually, or four miilions one hundred
and twenty-five thousand in eleven
years, the time since ‘the pamce 'in
1816; a number nearly equal to that
swalloived up by that vortex of hu
man life, the French revolution, and
its consequent wars. .
How can any thing be dong effectu
ally ‘to check this shighty ewil? 1
give the same answer to this anestion
which ‘has repeatedly heen. given
within the last few months; ¢hange
public opiniopy makeé it unp\(fimlai, un
fashionabler o drink spizit. © What is
the use of appNing to' Gavernment for
adax upon ardent Splrit o sarge as 1o
place it beyond the reach of the low
er classes in the commuuity? Leg
islative enactments which far outrun
publie opimon, are worth nothing.
Faslion, and custom, hold men with a
stronger arm than Legislative pre
scription. Bat how change public
opinion; is it not already an over
‘whelming torrent rolling énward with
resistless and increasing power? Man
can accomplish wonders both in the
physical and moral woild; he dares
even meditate a canal across tlie’
isthious of Darien, expecting to low
er the waters in the gulf of- Mexico,
and perhaps to stop. the gulf streamy
and who that recollects the mighty
moral ' acliievements accomplished in,
the time of the reformation by the ef
forts of a single man, shall despond at
the vastness of the change now con
templated.
. Let a{l good men; all ivell wishers
to social life and family quiet; to
health, industry and the arts; to re
ligion, morals and good government,
unite their efforts; and by all possible
means, but chiefly by their example,
in rigidly abstaining from ardent spiv
it, discourage and “discountenance its
use, among all within the sphere of
their influence.” =’
‘I know, says some worthy ‘man,
‘that the evil of spirit drinking is a
great one, and F heartily wish we
were rid of it; bat I have been in the
habit of taking it occasionally for
some years,and I find it at times par
ticularly comfortable to me; and as I
am ia no’danger . of becoming intem
perate, must I give it up only for the’
enefit of otheis?” You take it fre
quently and are fond of it? are you
then in no danger? Unconsciousness
of danger is no proof of sccurity.
There may be some reason for your
leaving it off on your ownaccount, but
if not, have yolrot so much regard
for your family and: the community
as to submit to a slight temporaty in
convenienee on their accoun(? Why
talk one- way and ‘act - the other?
Yourmfluence is onsthe side of con
duct, not merely of words. What
would be said of the phbysician ‘who
should refuse to submit to the "pro
cesses of cleansing necessaty to rid
his clathes ‘of the infection of 'small
pox, because it would cost him a lit
tle time or trouble or other inconven
ience; while by thus disrezarding ‘the
regulations instituted for the preser
vation of the public bzalth, he would"
expose his.family and bis neighbours
to the pestilence; a‘*ose sous gre
more hable to becomeWrinkers.of “ar
dent spirit than the sons of bim who
sots them the example? T =
. But the glorious work of reform has
been commenced, and is now in ra
pid progress. Within the last half
year, societies for the promotion of
this object have sprung into exis&c‘f’:
tike flowers upon the bosom of ‘gsg
ifter a long and eald winter; may am
abundance of fhuit fellow these. vig
ous forth pittimes of moral effortis =
[ repeat it, let all virtuous men
unite to, expel the common enemy.
He ought not to.be allowed a place in
Christian society. He is a forcigner,
a Mahometan, he was born in the
land of robbers; and he has establish
ed the genuineress of his origin by
the millions- he has deprived of pro
perty, of morals, and of Tife. He
has conie to us in the robe of friend
ship, has; assured us of his best re
gards, has proffered his aid and so-:
lace in sickness, pain and poverty.
Sucha friead, vho could reject? He
has been received into geveral fa
veur, and admitted to christian con
fidence and companionship, and what
veward has he takea for his. kind of
fices? He has stolen away ' charac
ter, hiealth, property, the rich bless
inos and endearments of society and
dumestic infercourse, the moralsense,
life, and the hope of heaven.
Gird up then to the combat. Al
ways meet him .as an enemy; never
again admit-him to your bosoms; give
e OGN < e e
him no quarter; expel him from your
houses; drive him from the land. Al+
ways treaf him as a murderer; he hag
slain your brothers, he lurks for the
life blood of your children, he whets
his sabre for you. . B By ¥
- Farmer, Mechanic, - Profe&siona}
man, Orator, hast thou -sought froms
“ardent spirit strength to labour, or ius
genuity or promptuess in thy calling;
or eloquence in ,the hall of legislas
tion og justice; it will palsy thing:
arm, cause thy .right band to forged
its cunning, and thy tongue to cleave
to thy mouth. = _ j :
Christian, what hast thou to expec’
from strong drink? art thou weary;
and dost thou linger on thive vpnayd
Journey; and will ardent spirit bring
thee sooner or safer (o thine home?
Dost ‘thou wait in the sancturyy
hest thou been seperated to stand hes
fore the congrégation; and when thy
graces languish, when thy devotiow
burns feebly and faiiitly, dost thou rév .
kindle it with alkohol? Ah! come
not near; bring ‘no more this strovge
fire to the altar, lest, from its secref
and holy dwelling, a flamg break forth
upon thee, and thow be consumeg;
and the-people with thee.
INDIANS.
Prom the Newark (N . J.) Eagle:
- The Indiams.----A ¢orrespondent or
| the Georgia Journal, Wiley Thomyp:
| son, hLias given to the public the subs+
stance of a conversation he had witl
President Jackson soon after his. ine
auguration, on the subject of the In+
_dians in Georgia. He stated to tha
President thot Georgia lad looked
with greai anxiely tothe political
change which bhad placed him in the
federal Execulive chair, wdergthe
"confident Tope and exp}fiai_ipfi».f{u’yfif,
she would at last have justice. g
tended to her; and he "was anxiousitd
have it in*his power to inform tlig
people of Georgi'a,xxhcn lie arvived at
home, what conrcervould be pursued
in refevrence to this. subject. Thg
President promptly and with appars
ens pleasure® gave him every assur:
ance that the expectations of Geor:
gia would be realized: He bad ale
ready addressed a talk tp the Crecit
Indrans, urging them to emigrate west
of the Mississippi, by argumeuts
jdrawn from the impracticability of
their remaining a separate people;’
within the limits ofia sovereign State,
apaa proper fiéw?f their best uters
lests in reference to their futare wels
save. Hehad also told the Chero
f'lgséfi-tj‘elggation.‘ when they ' called on.
bim, thatithe United States. had en<,
tered into a coutract with Georgiay
fby which they s’ole‘m't;[% promised te
extinguish for her use the Indian title
ita.all territory within her limits: (No
notice was taken of the important
‘fualifying elause, ‘‘as soon ¢s it can Lé
\done peaceably ~and on’ fair terms:)
fij(fid the Cherokees that the
lthus of Georsia lind Bega too log
?f%%a«r 91‘?1sho )&'qul:l:\m’grkc“-t;a Y
flort. to forcefjtistice; that she pos:
'sesbed a right fwlien and how did she
‘dbtain, it?)-fo extend her municipal
jurisdietion over them, and to subject
‘them to the control of such rules of
actionas she might think 'p,rog_er”tq
‘preseribe to them, provided they be
not violative of th® constitution of the
United States; and that the “General
Government could not “constitutional-
Iy protect them against her exercise
of that right; that Georgia was irritas
ted by delay and frequent disappoint
ment, and also by thé recent zftempt
of the Cherokees to adopt a constitus
tion and erect a.seperaté government,
which they could not .be permitted tc
do: he repeated to them. what he
hafl told them in 1817, that they micht
emigiate to the country west of the
Mississippt, which they and theix
children should possess forever. and
enjoy the friendshipfldlro!emin_n ok
the United St&t%m‘érnment, but if |
they remained in Georgia, they muse ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎥᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ.
ᏬᎧᎧᏁᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᎴᎮ ᏌᏉ ᏧᏂᎴᏴᎪᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ,
ᎠᏴᏫᏁᎬ, ᏗᏂᏬᏂᏗᏍᎩ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᎫᏴᏘ
ᎨᏱᏎᏍᏗ Ꭾ ᎢᏅᏃ ᎢᎬᏪᎤᏅᏛ - ᎠᎾᎫᏱᏍᎨᏍᏗ.
ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏬᏖᏢ ᎢᏯᏅᎪ”ᎢᏴ ᎠᎾᎫᏱᏍᎨᏍᏗ, ᏦᎢ
Ꭰ Ꮈ ᎤᎾᎫᏴᏘ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ. ᎠᏠᏗᏱᏍᎬᏃ ᎢᏴ ᎩᎳ
ᎠᎾᎫᏱᏍᎬᏍᏘ, ᏅᎩᏁᎢ ᎠᏰᏢ ᎤᎾᎫᏢᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ.
ᏣᎳᎩᏃ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏗᏂᏬᏂᏘᏍᎩ, ᏔᎵᏉ ᎠᏕᎸ
ᎤᎾᏮᎫᏴᏗ ᎰᏎᏍᏗ ᏬᏐᏘᎬᏛ;, ᎢᏬᏃ ᎢᎬᏪᏅᏛ ᎠᎾ”
ᎫᏱᏍᎨᏍᏗ. “ᏦᎢᏁᏃ ᎠᏰᏢ ᏮᏍᎩᏉ ᎤᏕᏘᏴ”
ᏌᏗᏒ ᎠᎾᎫᏱᏍᎨᏍᏗ.
