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cction that the prophecies of Fisher
cs and the other Jcaders of their
Ij in 1798, have, as they say, been
rly fulfilled. It was predicted at
iday, that in process of time democ-
j would run mad, and, losing sight
rinciples, would become transformed
> a blind and degrading servility to
i, which would terminate in the
icentration of all power in the hands
(ome popular military chieftain, who
uld erect a monarchy upon the ruins
liberty. The events in France at a
isequcnt period, when Bonaparte,
m \> r °f es sing great devotion to rc-
blicmisrn, assumed the title of First
maul, and afterwards of Emperor,
englhened their opinions. The re
nt measure of the Dictator at Wash-
rton, has confirmed them, and we
not wonder at it, for we have no
sitation in saying, that if Congress
3 not self-respect and independence
ough to maintain its own rights a-
inst Executive usurpation, they may
well adjourn sine die, and pronounce
s experiment of self-government a
lure. The sooner wo knew the
jrst the better If one President be
owed to have the sole control of the
ililic treasury, because he is <( an old
oman,” a Nero, a Caligula, a Helio-
ibalus, at a future day, seize upon it
! sanctioned by precedent, and apply
lolhe cutting of our throats? Such
ill be the inevitable issue, and awful
t is the contemplation of it, it cannot
idenied, that to democracy run mad
ill be ascribable all the conseqticn-
!S.
Mr. Calhoun is opposed to Mr.
ebster’s plan, as embraced in his
II, because, as he argues, it leaves
e Currency unfixed, and refers only
Ihc Bank question. Ho said that
e disease, which prevails, is the excess
the paper currency, over the specie;
e remedy, to diminish tho paper cur-
iicy, and the means of perfecting the
nedy, by using the Banks to cure the
seasc which the Banks have introduc-
I, as you apply snow to the frozen
nb, and apply fire to extract fire. He
d not go into details. The United
lates Bank, he said, could be renewed
r 12 years, prohibited from issuing
ites under 10 dollars for the first six
ars, and under 20 for the rest of the
im: all dues to the Treasury under
• dollars to be in coin, &c. Tho de-
ils lie left to be settled hereafter.—
Ir. C. aUo declared himself in favor
fa reduction of interest on discount*
p the Bank.
The Population of the United States,
■The Boston Journal has some inter r
ting suggestions on this subject de-
ved from the last Quarterly Regis-
r.
The greatest population to a square
lile is in the District of Columbia,
here it is 393; in Connecticut, 63, in
Itode Island, 72; Massachusetts, 81;
laryland and New Jersey, 40; New
ork, 41: Pennsylvania, 30.
The population of New York 1840,
is supposed, will, bo 2,300,000 or
00,000 more than that of all New Eng-
ii d, nnd about equal to that of all the
ortli Western Territories. That of
ennsylvaniais rated at 1,700,000; of
Ihio. 1,300,000. That t»f Virginia
put at a few thousand more. And
ius the oldest settled of the States,
hich in 1790 had a population of 747,-
00, will have^bcen overtaken by a
into which had no government of any
ind until one year before that date,
id not become a state until 1802, and
ad in 1790 a population of only 3000.
ndeod, Ohio has the resources within,
self for growing into the greatest State
f the Union. It can support without
ifliculty, a population as dense as that
f Holland.
Ohio contains but 36,000 square
liles, while Virginia contains 63,000,
hich is within 1000 of the whole area
fNew England, and makes Virginia
ie largest as well as the oldest State,
he next in order is Georgia 72,000,
nd Missouri 60,000, Illinois contains,
5,000, Florida 50,000, New York 46,-
00, Pcnnsylvania44,000, North Caro-
ina and Lousinna 48,(500, each. Dela
ware contains 5,100, and Rhode Island
,350. *
The most rapid increase of popula-
ion we observe is in the ense of Ohio,
ihich increased from 3000 to 55,000
9 ten years, and in the next ten to 400
cr cent, in ten years, whereas, the
iferage rate of the whole Union for
he last ten has been but 3£f per cent,
ad that of New England bpt a little
ess than 19. That of New York was
ever greater than 72; of Maine, 58;
lliuois, 350; Indiana, 500; Michigan,
64; Arkansas, 1344. The most rupid
ncrcaso has of course, been in the ear-
1 settlements.
The population of the United States
»1840 is rated at 17 millions. What
I will be a hundred years bonce, it is
oteasy to calculate. What it may be,
owevur, is inferible from the fact that
ur territory is immensely extensive;
hat a vast amount of rich land is yet
unoccupied; that lands now cultivated
may be made vastly more productive;
that a large portion of our country is
under tropical climates: and that if the
whole country should support but 230
inhabitants to a square mile, as England
now does, we should have, as the edi
tor of the Register observes, more than
four hundred and fifty millions.
Jack Downing,—The following no
tice of the Letters of Major Downing,
as published by the Messrs Hamper,
and disclosing the name of the author,
we copy from the New York Standard
and Statesman, of the 28th ultimo.
Letters of J. Doiening, Major Down-
ingville Militia, second brigade, to his
old friend Mr. Dwight, of the N. Y.
Daily Advertiser, p. p. 245. —-Harper
and Brothers.—These clever letters
dont read half so well now that they are
made into a book, as they did when
appearing singly and at broad intervals;
there is too much of it at once—a man
might ad well try to make his entire
dinner of pumpkin pie. Nevertheless
they are, or were, the ablest and most
readable things written on the side of j
the bank and it is time that the author
should receive his fame. While in tho
ephemeral state of newspaper contri
butions, it might have been unfair to
expose their origin; but as they have
assumed now a more imposing form,
there is no reason why they should not
give celebrity to the writer ns well as
pence His object wa’s of course not
merely literary not mercenary, but
“high political,” and it is but just that
the public should know him. The au
thor is Charles A. Davis, Morchant,
Broad street, a Director of the U, S.
Branch Bank in this city.
OPINIONS~OF PUBLIC MEN.
In former numbers of this paper,
we have stated many Very important
facts, going to prove, as far as facts
can prove, that the trafic in spirituous
liquors, as a drink, is immoral; nnd
that all places where it is practised,
are in very deed, public nuisances. We
propose to give the views of enlighten
ed men in the different parts of the
country, upon so important a subject—
men whose names are connected with
science, with virtue, nnd with the inte
rests ofeur country and of humanity,
men too, who can have no sinister mo
tive in thus giving their sentiments to
the world.— Temperance Recorder.
“It is of the utmost importance to
die temporal and eternal welfare of our
citizens, Him <> otop should be put to
the sale of ardent spirits as speedily as
possible.”— [Chancellor Walworth.
“The time will come when reflect
ing men will no more think of making
and vending ardent spirit, or of erect
ing and renting grog-shops, as ainfans
of gain, than they would now think of
poisoning a well from which a neigh
bor obtains water for his family, or of
arming a maniac to ’destroy his own
life and the lives of others.”—[Ibid.
“To make or sell ardent spirit for
common use, is as wickea ns to make
or sell poisons for. the same purpose.
It being udmitted that the use of this
of this article is destructive to health,
reputation and property, (and the proof
on this point is overwhelming,) it fol
lows conclusively, that those who make
it sin with a high hand against God and
their fellow men. The blood of murder
ed souls and bodies will be required at
their hands.”—[Judge Daggett, of Cl.
“Can it be right for me to derive tny
living from that which is spreading dis
ease. and poverty, &. premature death
throughout my neighborhood ? Would
it be right for me to derive my living
from selling poison, or from propagat
ing plague or leprosy around me ?
“Qan it be right for me to derive my
living from that which is debasing the
minds, ruining the souls, destroying
forever the happiness of the domestic
circle, filling tho land with women and
children in a condition far more deplo
rable than that of widows and orphans;
which is the cause of nine-tenths of all
the crimes w'liich are perpetrated in so
ciety, and brings upon it nine-tenths of
pauperism which exists; which accom
plishes all these at once, and which
does it without ceasing? Do you say
you are not responsible for the acts of
your neighbor? Is this clearly so? Is
not he who navigmti s a slave ship a pi-
rateV’—[Ret). F. Ifayland, a Baptist.
„ “No proposition seems to be suscep
tible of more satisfactory demonstra-
thnn this; that in the present state of
information on this subject, no man can
tiling to act on Christian principles «.r
do n patriot’s duty to his country, and
at the same time, make or sell the in
strument of intoxication.”—[Ret). H.
Ware, Unitarian.
“No one can doubt that the trafic in
oruent spirit is productive of immorali
ty.”—[Rer. D. Skinner, Unirersalist.
“I challenge any man who under
stands the nature of ardent spirit, and,
yet for the sake of gain, continues, to
be engaged in the trafic, to show that
he is not involved in the guilt of mur
der.’’—[Dr. Beecher, Presbyterian.
“They who keep these fountains of
pollution and crime open, are sharers, |
to no small extent, in the guilt which
flows from them. They command the
gate wny of that mighty flood, which is
spreading desolation through the land;
and are chargeable with all the present
and everlasting consequences, no less
than the infatuated victim who throws
himself upon the bosom of thp burning
torrent, and is borne by it into the gulf
of woe.”—[Dr. Spring Presbyterian.
“It cannot be denied that distillers,
vendors, and purchasers of ardent
spirit are accessaries to the crimes oi
drunkenness. It is an unhallowed
trafic. and like that in human blood,
should receive the reprobation of the
Christian world/”—[Circular Letter of
the JVc/ra Scotia Baptist Association.
“This question we fearlessly submit
to reason and to conscience. Is it lfot
morally wrong ? Is it not an offence a-
gainst sound morality and true piety r
We fear thqt all engaged in the trafic,
will be held amenable at the tribunal of
the great day, not only us partakers of
other people’s sins, in directly furnish
ing them with the means of committilig
the sin of intemperance, but as respon
sible toe, along with them for those
deeds of iniquity committed while un
der tho influence of the intoxicating
draught.”—[Glasgow' paper.
“You are” (the dealers in ardent
spirit,) “creating and sending out the
materials of disorder, crime, poverty,"
disease, and intellectual and moral de
gradation. You are contributing to
perpetuate one of the sorest scourges of
our world. Quit, then, this vile busi
ness, and spare your name, spare your
family, spare your children’s children
such insupportable shame and re
proach.”—Rev. A. Dickinson.
“The evil effeefe of ardent spirit are
not exhibited alone on those who drink
it. The vory trafic stands unrivalled
for its hardening and debasing influ
ence on those engaged in its opera
tions.”—[John L. Chandler, M. D.
“The trafic in ardent spirit as a drink
is an immorality, and ought to be view
ed as such throughout tho world.”—
[Synod of Albany, und• General Associ
ations oj Conn., Mass, and Maine.
“1 et him who sells ardent spirit bring
the practices of his daily calling to the
standarcd of tho Bible; and when he
knows its deleterious nature, and sees
its demoralizing tendency; when liis
hands arc polluted by transmitting the
cup to the hands c) the drunkard; when
husbands, and wives, and mothers, and
children, are pining in indigence and
hopeless sorrow, caused by that very
article it is his business to retail, let
him inquire w bother be can be a partici
pant in, or a cause of such scenes, and
yet be far from guilt. Let him inquire
whether he can conscienciously go up
on his knees, and pray for the bless
ing of God to rest upon and prosper
tho work of his hands. Let him inquire
whether he seriourly believes, that
God will cause his casks of whiskey,
rum and'brandy to be a blessing to bis
fellow men; or whether be can lie down
on his pillow at night with a calm und
tranquil mind, when he thinks of the
miserable and wretched beings who’ll!
he has been helping to destroy, and
some of whom have passed into eternity,
under the influence of spirit provided
for them within his door.”—[An Euro
pean writer. »
“It is less difficult to convince the
retailer, who has regurd to moral prin
ciple, ofliis participation in the guilt of
intemperance, than the manufacturer
and wholesale dealer. The former is
personally and constantly conversant
with the evils of intoxication. As tlid
glass or the bottle pusses from his hand,
it goes directly into the hand of him
who is ruined thereby—the retailer sees
the fires that burn like Sodom, in the
countenance of his customer—fires
which he has contributed to kindle,
and the appropriate aliment of which,
he is constantly furnishing. Supported
by such arguments, an appeal to the
retailer, not wholly lost to moral feel
ing, must have an effect. It is on this
account, doubtless, that so many more
retailors than wholesale dealers, in pro
portion to tbeir respective numbers,
have abandoned the tiafic. And yet in
every .possible moral estimate of the
Yubjeot, the wholesale dealer stands in
precisely the same relation to these
evils, with the retailer. And of this, if
be will loqk at the arguments in the
case, he may be convinced; Let him
remember, that every gallon, which
passes through his hands is destined to
assist in forming the appetite of some
moderate drinker, or burn out the
vitals of some miserable wretch,
whose appetite is already formed—
that tho Jioghcudn of rum that float
in his vessels, or He upoYi his wjmrves,
or in his stores, are the seeds of future
diseases and crimes—that they go forth
to spread a physical and moral miasma
over tile land, and will become the
murderers of fathers and of mothers, of
wives and of children, scattering a mil
dew over the field of promis, and a
blight upon the bud of hope—let him,
I say, remumber this and if bis moral
sense is not blunted, will it not be pained ?
—[Rea. Wilbur. Fisk, D. D. Methodist.
CHEROKEE PIHERIX
JiEW ECHOTA, APRIL 19 1831.
HUMANE POLICY.
Tlic rcsidcnco of Mr. John Ross PRINCIPAL
CHIEF ortho Ohnrokoe Nation, was visited last
week by a purchaser ot that place (Yarn tho drawer
of tire lots, with a number <»f persons, arid made a
forcible entry upon the premises. His valilalilc Fer
ry at the junction of Oostunahlcc, and Etahwah riv
ers commonly called Head of Coosa and his exten
sive farm and houses wore all taken possession of,
excepting a room of the lower story ofliis largo build
ing,Was still in the occupancy of Mrs. Koss in a
feeble condition of health. Ylias we see in the pol
icy of the Government '*ml the enactments of the
States. Wo have become as aliens in our native
land—tresspassers upon our own soil, outlaws in
the bosom of our Nation.
INDIAN DELEGATIONS.
Delegations of the western Indians compose 1 of
the Cherokee, Creek, and Seneca tribes have pro
ceeded on to Washington City, nnd if it he true as
assumed by the President in his message to Con
gress that they wore contented anil happy in thui;
new homes, it would appear that they aro adding
troubles to it by engaging in missions of fifteen hun
dred miles. - ,
In our last, we anticipated a crisis at hand that
something must be jjonc for the relief of the Chero
kee people, and that some change of some character
would become noccssarv to effect this relief, l'.ut
hero we must be distinctly understood as not advo
cating a removal of the Clierokees west of the Mis
sissippi. ' To this policy, tho great body of the Chcr-
okees continues ts oppose, and so fur as our influ
ence can be exorcisod in opposition to it, our deep
.expression of the reprobation of that unjust policy
and the diabolical means resorted to, to accomplish
it shall never be withheld. It is a policy subversive
of tho sacred rights of the Cherokeos, it is one that
is incompatible 10 the principles of simple justida,.
and to the measures adopted lor its enforcement, it
is extremely revolting to tho spirit of Christianity.
Wo save promised our readers in a former number
a faithful detail of tho measures adopted by the
President, mid the Stales to expel the ChcroKess
from the lands of their Fathers, and guaranteed to
them, in solemn treaties by tiic Covernracii.. It is
necessary lor us to remark, that wlren wo speak of
the acts of the President towards us, however un
just they may be, we do it in feelings of kindness,
wo have been taught to knew that this great foun
tain head of the Government had been ordained for
tho preservation of the Indians, by his mighty arm.
In this point of view ofliis duties, although he may
continue to depress us, our political relations com
pels us to entreat him for relief. This is our hu
miliating contrition. The view which wo shall take
of the past course of the President towards the
| Cheroltees in order to accomplish their removal by
’ compulsion, may bo. somewhat • difl'erfent trosn llikt
taken ofit heretofore, hut on a close review of the
documents, and to which it is necessary to refer, to
show the sccrot instructions of the President in or-,
dor to subserve the objects of thb Government, it
can scarcely be believed, as is proved in tlic sequel,
, that one enlightened nation could so unjustly, and
could be capable of so fraudulently treating an innti-
■ cent and faithful alley. Liut the documents tliern-
I selves emanating from the President himself is likc-
i wise incapable of presenting a different coustnic-
| tion at this stage of the controversy- ami their mani
fest intentions; at the times they were severally giv-
j en. In the prepositions of a Treaty of the Presi
dent’s Minister of War, published in our 26tli nuni-
; her, 1833, the following passage occurs: “Hut, your
| people must distinctly understand, that those who
I remain, will becomo citizens of tho State in which
i they may roside, at.d that all the relations between
them and the United States, founded upon their
previous circumstances as Indians, must cease.”
Now the Cherokecs had been informed previous to
those propositions, and especially in the message of
tho President, to Congress, in 18^1, “that the Clier-
okccs remaining within Idle State of Georgia, would
hereafter be governed by the laws of Georgia, as all
her citizens arc.” Here were presented two incon
sistent passages by the President, one giving uu-
tliorLy to Georgia to treat t'.e Chcrokees as her
own citizens, and subsequently proposing to nego-
ciato with the Clierokees, to-become, in certain cas
es, permanent citizens of the States. The passage
which we have alluded to in the propositions, hud a
decided cflect on the minds of the Cherokecs. If
tlic President proposed in a treaty, to make them
citizens of Georgia, it followed as a matter of course
that Georgia then had no legal right to the Chero
kee country. It was presumed that the policy of the
President was not a settled one, and was subject to
be changed, if the Clierokees continued united.
The Chcrokcos, from thht, wt ro induced to con
tinue their peaceable mode of redress, to press on
the Government, in a proper manner, the protection
of their rights. This was the. manifest intention of
this passago, in tho event thtil tho propositions were
rejected. It was in tho common phraso of our day,
a word to please the children. On tho other hand,
Gedtgia had commenced her crusade against the
Clierokees, marched a military to keep possesion
of tho Cherokee land, and to protect her civil offr-
cers; surveys wero made, counties organized, and
the laws (breed over the Clierokees.
Again: The next instance of this
extraordinary -temporizing coijrse of
pblicy tow ards the Cherokee 3 is’con
tained in a letter of the War Ministers
to the Printipal Chief q? die Cherokee
Nation, dated March. i4th 1833, pub
lished iu our 23rd No. In this letter
the Secretary notified the Chief that a
iqilitary force was soaf to rqinovu in
truders from the ASSAILED* parts of
tho Cherokee country On tlic recep
tion of this order the Clierokees were
confirmed in their farmer impressions
that their sacred* rights would in the
end he sustained. This order of the
Secretary wax calculated to keep bouy-
unt the hopes of tho Clierokees,—to
proceed peaceably in asserting their
rights. Otherwise the Indians might
become dissatisfied of their treatment
by the Government, and resort to vio
lence to vindicate their rights. In the
meantime while the Indians were flat
tered with the prospect of relief from
the fosteiing care of the Government,
it was giving Georgia only time to
perfect her organization over FIVE
MILLIONS of acres of Indian lands,
Lottery drawing, locating officers, sell-
iug GOLD Lots, LAN D Lots, ami
fractions &c. kc. Sec. W hat is done
for the Cherokecs by the glittering
bayonets rushing to the Nation? The
honorable Secretary of War informs all
parties concerned that ho did not in
tend to be understood according to the
reading of the order, and that intruders
could only be removed from the nation
where the laws of the states had not
been extended. This interpolation by
the Secretary created a shock on tlic
feelings of the Chcrokees that can
scarcely be described. According to
our notions, the Government was ineff
able of speaking truth to the Indian
f one thing was promised them to-day,
i^was revoked the next. During this
painful suspenseihcaulhorities of'Geor-
giu was still gaining time and rushing,
and numerous agents were annoying
us, until a delegation was appointed
| to proceed to Washington and memo
rialize Congress for our relief.
The next document of the same
character which .we have -enumerated
and as a deccptious one is contained in
a letter from Washington, containing
the substance of a c.onvetsation with
General Jackson, in which he boldly
avowed his determination to sustain the
rights of the Cherokee's to their lands,
when the federal court determined that
question in their right. This letter will
he found in our 42d N9. Here there
is a continuation of a policy to soften
the feelings of the Indians, while he is
equivocating to execute his treating
with us, like the empty 'barrel that
sounds the loudest, he would enforce
the decisions of the courts on constitu
tional principle. We have already
shown that tho fluctuating definition of
these several orders were only intend
ed to give Georgia time to consummate
her robbery of our inheritance, building
court house, rearing jails, driving the
Indians out of their houses, w hile hope
was burning tor relief, iu this way, and
at the penning of this article, until w ft
arc literally robbed, of every right t hat
is dear to mankind, and the loss of die
Principal Chief of his valuable resi
dence at COOSA,; while himself at the
City is (lie farce played by Georgia.
I t conclusion we have to state that the
vipw which we have taken of the policy
of the President in creating difficulties
on.ustoa magnitude not to he disturbed,
by which to place us in no other alterna
tive But a resort to a treaty for relief,
we believe is fully proved by the docu
ments themselves, and the circumstan
ces transpiring during the settlement
by the Georgians of the Cherokee
country. This is the manner that this
government has managed the Cherokee
ease, by the greatest and best, by a
Nation ^professing to be honest and, en
lightened, with which to pay Georgia
for a SMILE and shake the stability
of the American institutions.
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