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Three Dolls, per annum,
Volume X.]
‘fJRiriSH MANUFACTURES.
From ‘ EsprieUa’s letters on England*,
BIRMINGHAM.
You will look perhaps with fume
eagerness for information concern
fog this famous cry, which Burke
the great orator of the English calls,
the grand toy {hop of Europe.—
Do not blame me if I uifappoint
you I have seen much, and more
than foreigner* are usually admit
ted to fee ; but it has been too much
to remember, or indeed to compre
hend fatisfadonly lam Hill gid
dy, qizziud with the nammering of
press s, rhe ciatter of engines, and
the whittling of wheels; my head
aches with the multiplicity of in
fernal noises, and my eyes with the
light of infernal fires. J may add,
i*n heart also at the sight of so many
human bJng employed in so many in
fernal occupations , and looking as if
they were never destined for any
thing better. Our earth was def
tfoed to be a seminary for young
an.-t-ls, hut the devil has certainly
fixed upon this spot for his own nurse
ry garden and hot house.
You mull forgive me if I do not
attempt to describe precedes which
I saw too ciirforily, and with too
little pieafure to underhand. A
sick ft <nach will not Jigeft the food
that may be forced down it, and
inielleft is as little able to aflimilate
that for which it has no aptitude.
When we look at gold, we do
not think of the poor flavcs who
dug it from the caverns of the
earth, but I (hall never think of the
wealth of England without remem
bring that I have been in the mines.
Not that the labourers repine at
their lot. it is not the lead evil of
the system that they are perfectly
well fatisfied to be prisoned foul and
uody. Foresight is not a human
inltind; the more unwholt-fome
the employment, the hfoher of
course are the wag- s paid to the
workmen ; and incredible as it may
feein, a trifling addition to their
weekly pay, makes these (hort figh
ter! wretches contend for wmk
which they certainly know, will in
a few years produce disease and
death, or cripple them for the re
mainder of their exiflence.
I cannot pretend to fay what is
the consumption here of the two
legged beads of labour; commerce
fends in no returns of its killed and
•wounded. Neither can 1 fay that
the people look having seen
no other complexion in the place
than what is composed of oil A duff,
smoke-dried. Every man whom I
meet (links of train oil and emery.
Some I have seen with red eyes and
green hair; the eyes affe&ed by the
fire to which they areexpofed, and
the hair turned green by the brass
works. You would not, however,
difeover any other resemblance to
a triton in them, for water is an el
ement, with the use of which, ex
cept to supply fleam engines, they
feetn to be unacquainted.
The noise of Burminghnm is
beycnj defeription : the hammers
frem never toj-c a; rest. The filth is
WASHINGTON, (Zhorgia ) PriKtbd weekly for SARAH HILLHOUSE.
sickening; filthy as fome of our old
towns may be, the dirt is inotfen
five; it lies in idle heaps, which an
noy none bur those wno walk with
in the little reach of their effluvia.
But here it is afling and moving, a
living principle of mifebief, which
fills the whole atinofphere and pen
etrates every where, sporting and
flaming every thing, and getting in
to the pores and nollrils I feel as
if my throat wanted sweeping like
an English chimney. Think not
, however that 1 am inlenfible to the
wonders*ot the pace; in no other
age or country was there ever so af
tonifhiug a display of human inge
nuity ; but watch chains, neckla
, ces, bracelets, burtons, buckles, it
fnuft-boxes, are dearly purcfialed
at the expence of heal; h and mora
lity : and if it be considered h >w
, large a proportion of that ingenuity
i is employed in making what is hurt
ful as well as what is useless, it
icuft be contested that human rea
foa has more cause at present for
humiliation than for triumph at
Birmingham.
The morning was fair, we moun
ted the roof, and I looked back up
on Birmingham not without fatis
fackion tt thinking I (h >u!d never
enter it aua n. —A heavy cloud of
frn >k • hung over the citv, ah ws
winch in many places black co
lumns were sent up with prodi
giotjs force from the steam ngines.
We rejoiced that wo were traveling
into a better atin >fphere but the
contagion spread tar anJ wide.—
Every where around us, instead of
the village church, whole (tecple
usually adorns so beautifully the
English landscape, the tower of
fome manufactory was to h<* seen
in the distance, vomiting up flames
and (moke, & blading every thi.’g
ar >u:id with its metalic vapours.
The vicinity was as thickly p opted
as that of London. Inltea I >f cot
tages we saw (beets ot bri k Hovels
blackened with the smoke of coal
fires, which nurn day an 1 night in
these difma! regions. Sucn (wa t tns
ot children l never beheld in any o
ther place, nor such vretciied ones ;
in rags, anJ tiieir fkms incrufted
with foot and fiith. The face of
the country as we advanced was
more tedious than can be delcrib-d,
uncultivated, black and fmoaking.
The Brazils —ln a letter from a
gentleman on the spot.
RIO JANEIRO.
1 This city is firuated but a few
miles from the lVa, in a mod de
lightful harbor, or rather capacious
bay, 45 miles round—The views
. from the islands, and lands about,
1 are of the moft magnificent and
| pirating kind; indeed I know no
thing that can be more pleafant—>
The city is very populous, com fin
ing perhaps 200,0tX) fouls as fome
calculate; houses well built for the
1 ftyleofthe country; and the inha
t bitants appear to be as friendly and
well difpof 1 toftrangers, as I have
known. Bat in bufmefs there is a
certain want of activity, and a fu*
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1810.
perabundance of mystery, that it is
really hard to get along with any
degree ot contentment, lhe cli
mate iince I have been here is de
. ligiuful, and it is the winter feafua.
The country with proper cultiva
tion and New-tngland inuuftry,
would produce every thing taat can
be uiagined —lt now abounds in
sugar, cattle, wheat, and the fiaelt
fruits; and two crops of coffee, in
dmn corn, and in a year.
SALVADOR
This place 1 find very different
from Rio de Janeiro ; by far interi
or to it as to commercial advanta
ges, and as to conveniences. The
part of the city where bufintis is
tranfaded is directly on the water
at the bottom of a very deep hill,
and is filthy, crowded, ice. but the
upper part after you get up by a ve
ry (teep & ti; efo’tie afeent, is beau
fi(ully situated and well built, with
many elegant houses and a moft lu
perb Open h use. Slavery is here
tolerated ; 9;H) men (laves are ann
ually imp med into this city alone.
The country, were it fettled with
an mduftnous emerprifing set of
men, would be Vi otiul, as nature
his been iavifh with her favors,
which nav perhaps lead to this re
mark, that the bolt pan of the vth
ie ir. habited by tile word set of peo
p: •: this obl-.f v..;0 j alone m..y
convince us, in l one degree, of the
wisdom of Pr .vidtuce, tor wore the
people of this co u itry placed am ng
the hard northern climates, where
in poor living only is to be obtained
; ff >;n hard labour, it appears to me
that their natural indolence is luch
thar tln-y would ahnoft inevitably
(l.u ve.
From the Cazkno\ta Pilot.
Destruction by Earthquakes during
the last Century.
In the beginning of the lan cen
tury, there was a terrible earth
quake, which in a quarter ot an
hour, laid the whole country ■•( Pe
ru in luios, to the extent of 300
leagues long and 90 wide.
Palermo in Sicily, was ncar;y
destroyed by an earthquake, and
600 people lo t their lives-—1726.
F nir provinces in China were
fcvaliowed up by an earthquake—-
733-
Almost the whole kingdom of
Chtii, together with its capital, St.
J go, was (wallowed up by an
earthquake— 17 39.
Calo, in Peru, was destroyed by
an earthquake, when all the inhab
• itams perished, except ore mart,
who was (landing on an eminence,
and 10 whbfe relief rh y to n/.,.-
dentially threw a boat —1746.
There was a temple earthquake
at Lima, which entir ly dc'troyed
that city, in which five thoufuni
people loft their liven —1746.
The city of Conftuntinoplc, in
Turkey, w as in a great me.uure de
stroyed by an earthquake, & 5000
inhabitants perished —1745.
Two thirds of the itoufes in
Grand Cairo, and 40,000 inhabi
tants wer- fwabowd up —1755.
in 1703, uefit of the. hocks in
[Payable half yearly.
[Number 498.
Lilbun and 30,000 inhabitants,
wen. destroyed m about eight mi*
j nutes l’he terrible earthquake
! extended no Ids than 500 miles,
• and at the Azores Islands, 10,023
people were hurried in it.
Damas in Barbary was nearly
destroyed by an earthquake, u en,
50,000 inhabitants penfhed, 1759-
T. ux 110. in Peru, was (wallowed
Up by ar: earthquake, 1759-
Theie was an earthquaK. at Mar
tiuico, which deftnyed fixieen nun*
dred perfoiu—l7s7.
Guitimali in New-Spa’.n, was en
tirely fwaliowed up by an earth
quake, and many thousands of per
ions pt-riflied— , 77®-
At Fauris in Persia, fifteen thou
land houi; s were thrown down :y
*n earthquake and thirty thoutaui
people 101 l ituir lives— l7B3.
Ardichinicham, in Turk* y, was
destroyed and 12.300 of its irp'abi
tants hurried in it* tuins, 1784
A part of the iflund ot C.uoa, and
3c, coo persons were destroyed by
an earthquake— l79l.
Arrivals and and urances at th*
of Boston from July : ts Angusf\
1, 1810.
Foreign ports.
Arrived, Cleared.
Slops, 5 Sips, 6
Bnquc, 1 Barques, 2
B"igs, 21 B:ig -l
Schrs. 36 Sclirs. 4J
Sloop, 1 810.. p, 1
64 70
Ports in tae United ‘lutes.
Arrived. Cicured.
Ships, 2 Ships, 11
Barque, 1 Ba.ques. O
Brigs, 18 Brigs, 15
Schrs. 80 Srh.s. 73
Sloops, 92 Sloops 74
193 178
Arrivals iu7 C'earances
-
From the Aurora.
Mr. Duane— I < bforve.* In ymir
•paper of the 23d of June, that y u
invite communicatio: s on the fn >-
j- ct of dotneftic nia:iu!aclur*s; and
prefaming that year object is to
give the public such a view of *fie
fubjeft as will remove prr j-.i ‘ s
which are produced by the <ir-iii. ?
of foreign agents, I am abov* o
present you with foint inf.•nr.: .-.n
j on the subject, which has fallen u -
! der my particular cbfervation ; tui
though a tnanuiactarer myieJf. I
do not fear a competition. 1 . ‘ir
that haiftht capital thar is em. y
led in the flipping hufi.icis. .s
, empJoyetl in dorneftic mat u l . -
| tit s, -.-j should not then v > •.!
tiers in couiKil nor Berhn and vi
• lr. Apiii 1809, a iManuLtd ry f
v/oullen . loth was iv gun in#i
• citlity of Newpitru Dele*are, and
there were pu: in ino'ionom .tid
ing machine, two hundred ip: tulles,
five broad looms, and one iu'fo'g
. mill. Ac. The last Year th y • ; e
• stTi'c n thousand yards v'f cloth, wl.ii h
• aftorded a profit of ‘2.5 o r c. rr . n
j the capital employed—wi i. !• in ;u
----> ;be fixed capital fer B. ii in^s