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Three dollars per annum, j Volume X 111.3 AMERICAN HISTORY. £ t be following is tshaded from the r.un:hcr of a scries of Histor iial Letters , addressed to the Edi tor of the I irgima Argus , and will hi found well worth the attentive ferns a l of most of our reader J The United States were for merly Btitilh colonies They arc fituaud in the center of the north ern part of the continent of Ame rica. are in'polfi fiion of the knowl edge and the arts of the oldest na tions oi Europe, are rapidly aug menting in population and wealth, will at lonic luture period undoubt edly give the law to the udiern humifphere, and check the expan fi nos European domination. Hie Abitrican Union has been formed rut of different dates, founded at tfiff. rent epochs by various Euro pe emigrants. Sebastian Cabot, in the fcrvice of Henry VII of England, fu ll < if covered the continent of North- Americain 1407 AV ut the Line time numerous expeditions were fitted out for tn iking dilcoveries in thr N’ w world, and rurinfity bein 3 (li fulated by avarice, settlements began to be formed in the succeed ing century from the Gulf of Mexi co to the river St. Laurence. It would fettn, however, that none of a permanent nature were effected till 1608, when the French com menced an edabiifhment at (Jue btek. In t!ie year 1601, lord I)o b War eftahliil.ed the colony of V-rginia: In 1610, Newfoundland was tettled by Governor John Guy. N<"W-Jerfcy was colonized by the Dutch in 1616, and bv the Knghfli it 1664. About 1616 the Dutch fi’tltd New Ymk. In 1620 Plv r f*uth w'as fettled by pait of Mi lt ;'in soil’s congregation of Puri tans; and in 1628 captain John F’ dicott and company made a col onial establishment at lUaffachufetts Bay. In 1627 Pcnnfylvania was planted by the Swedes and Fins; and in 1682 by William Penn.— T he Swedes and Fins alio fettled in Delaware in 1627. Nc w Hatr.p {l ire was founded in 1623 by the glifh. Maryland was fettled by Lord Baltimore in 1633. The co lony of Connecticut was ccramen red by Mr. Fenwick, at Saybrook, in 1635. Mr. Roger Williams re tired from Massachusetts with his persecuted brethren in 1637, and founded Rhode Island. In 1669 South Carohna was fettled by Go vernor Saylt*; and North Carolina bv the Engliiii in 1728 General Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1732 ; and Kentucky was explored and fettled by Col. Daniel Boon in ’ 1773. Emigrants from Connecti cut, and other parts of New Eng land, were established in Vermont fr< m 1764 to 1777. Emigrants from all parts of the Union fettled Tuincflee about the year 1733; and in *1787 the feltlement of the Territory Not ill Weft of the river Ohio was promoted by the Ohio and other companies. Sir. it is the current cf fhnfv t-daLHf’ incr.r? cv.i MONITOR. PUBLISHF.D BY DAYII) V. HILLIiOUSE. WASHINGTON, (Geo.)—- ATHRD AY, FF.BRU \RY IS, 181:1. of which have grown the present ‘ United States Louifi.trn and a part of Weft Florida w. re purchas ed from the French in 1803. | Here the authtr gives a short de tail of the rise and progress of the American Revolution , — in conclusion be proceeds :]] Ou thp sth of May 1782, Sir Gay Carletou arrive 1 at New-York ‘ an.l suspended Sir limy Clinton . in command. The capture of Corn- ‘ wallis. excepting f.ue desultory skirmishes. term, cited the war ; and Sir Guy made proffers <>t p ace on ‘ the pit of his government. Gen et a! W.ifhlsict >ll and the C n > ifs acl :.i w-th great •ircutn , .i..cVon in the bufi it.fi, being appo-henfive of f :in • i ’u! play Nego.uati >ns, how ever, being continued, the provi fi ri.il trrrles of peace w-re signed at Pi is >n be ? o !i of N ivember, in which Gn. it B i tin a- knowled ge! the freedom, favercignty, and independence of t!ic States. They wiie acknowledged in the fame c’i.i.- .ct'-r i• v France on the 31 It January ; 7 7 3 ; bv Holland on the I9*h of April 1782; by Sweden on t!.. s‘h of February >783; ;y Denmark oil the 2 tjrh of F runny, by Spain in March, by W nha t l July of the fame yc; ; and■; Pi r.l fia in 148. T I.i ucn the United * m) States are fuppifed to have ‘o.l i\ t!ie war about 73 c zo- In the'.Lr feyfirifon flu > alme tt.oco ‘->u!s are believed to have p rilie i. On the 24th of March 1784 me peace with America was r. 0.; i Gen. Wafhhigton, • 1 •. v: • g fuc cefsfully co'l ducted Iris country to JndcpenJer ;e. aided bv • e gret men of lb. time, repaired \n Tiapolis. >nd,on the 23 1 of D ■-m ----ber 1783. ii the So ate room if th B'ate House, rcli s nt\l his co 1- cvfli >n into the han is of the Preli dent of Cong-tfs This commiftion is preserved in the Department of State at Waftiington. I lis accounts were all fairly rendered in at the public treasury, and he enj iys the reputation of economy and probity in hi., dilfcurfemems, as well as of purity of ambition It may be truly aflerted that no people in the world ever endured more privations,fullered more hard ships, or exhibited more p rfever ance, in any caafs, than the Ame ricans did in this contest for free dom. The following table (li.ws at one view the number of troops employed each year during the war, nominal and effective,together w ith the annual payments for fupperting them, in specie value: Tt'ais. Effective. Pay. 1775 15.000 Dollars. 1770 25,0005 20.064 666 1777 26,000 24986646 1778 19,000 24.282.458 1779 18,000 10.794620 1780 I9 ; 000 3.000,000 1781 10,000 1,942 465 1782 11,000 3,652.745 | 1783 12,000 3,2:6 583 j 1784 518 525 j * , 4s j A.ld to this the debt in curred of 42 7’ 8 009 And w * have an aggre gate fptcie fun* or 1 55.193 697 To the preceding the militia < J each Hate may be added. On an average they am >unted to ahou* half as many as tiie r.gu'ars : tin ir pay was included m tin lift of rx . pences whi ii Wr r - reduced in fund ’ ing the public debt. In addition to this expence larg • bounties were given by the States in lands and ’ money, nod depreciation was made good. The annexed ftjtement ex bibirs the amount paid by the dates respectively New H.unpfhire, 4278.015 Maffachukits, 17 064 61 3 Rhode Island, 2.782,074 C mnteti. ut, *9.285 737 New Y’ ■ k, 71 79 982 N w-Je : v, . 5,442 770 Pt-ntiiyivania, 14,1 37.076 D taw a 1, 3*9 ‘Maryland, 7 5^18.145 Virginia, 19.085.081 N'irrh Carolina, 10,427 5^6 South-Carolina, 11525299 Georgia, 2.995 800 Total. Dollars , 114408.597 From thelc particulars, a tolera bly accurate i lea may nc formtd of the ‘ xpcticcs of the war for inde pendence. After the war. the articles of con fedeia*icn and perpetual union wt re found to be inadequate to all the obj. cT of a pennaiient government; and the qu- fii m being agitated a inorig the ..iolt enlightened mm of the nation, (in cmlequence of a propofii'i :i fi ll made by Junes iVi.iJifon in 1785) a conv ntion of d.-l ates c'loft.-n by each Gate met at Philadelphia i‘) the fummei of 1757 ; where anew constitution of government wai fuggefled, and was finally adopted. This conffituticn, with fubfequrnt amendments, vj the one u-der which we have now the happiness to live. It feeures to the pe pb every thing that is desirable in human focicry. I.i hi rty of con fcietice, freedom of speech and of the press, and thtrial by jury, are guaranteed bv ir. All legislative power is \ (fed >n Conj*refs, which confiits fa Senate and House of Rt-prefentanv'-!-: The Senate is coin poled ol two members from each Rate, each of whom is entitled to hold his feat lor fix years; but by a clailificatirn a: the firft infii fution of this b dy, one third of the members go “out every two years, so that it is renewed every fix years, although cs a body it is never defun<sT Each Senator is entitled to one vote, muff be thirty y.-ars old, have been nine years a citizen of the United Starts, and muff b< an inhabitant of the if.de for which he is clicfen when elutU J. The Vice President < f tlie. United Slates j is President of .he S. n 10, l>t>.t has. j no vote except cr. an equal division J The Senate may rho -sea Vic* P< fident pro tempore In case •! h-.- a* j fence rr <9 ath cf “he Vic j Tred- [Taj aide Itctj yearly. [| Number 696. dent, or of his serving as Prt-fi ent of the United States ; as aifo ir* S.-cretary and other neceflary offi cers ihe Senate have the foie power of trying impeachments, and ikeuiie a power of approving or iijeCting treaties and nomination* to certain offices made by the Pre hdern. Ihe House of RpreUnta uvts confiils of members eh ten every tw-. years, agiccably to a ra rio of numbers cal'-ulaied up> n a cenlus of population taken at me end of every ten years. No pt rloa can be a Reprefenta'ive unlels he is twenty-five yeats of age. been Even years a citizen of the United States, and is an inhabitant of the Stat. for which he is ete&ed at the timt of e !e£bon. The number of Repi es. n tatives cannot exceed one for every thirty thoufar.d. Each member of the H >ule has a vote. I his body chooses its Speaker, Clerk, and sub ordinate officers, has the exrlufivc power of miginating money bills, and fevi-ral other peculiar powers. Cungrels is authorifed to lay and cuJi ct taxts, laiie and lupport ar nie> and a navy, declare war, reg ulate commerce, coin money, &c. Evi ry bill, before it becomes a law, mult be patented to tfn- Pr. fident of the United hiatus I* >r fieri ;•* ; if he approv's, he signs r; i l< disapproves of it, he fends ir back with Ins objections; and ur.ltf’s it ia rtpafTed by two thirds of both hou ses of Cong refs it does not become a law : but the President mu ft re turn it within ten days, (Sundays except J,) otherwise it becomes * law. The Senate and Reprr fenta tivc’ have a p. cuniary per diem al h w;;nce for ih ir krvices The Pi. fident oi the United States is the* chiei executive ofneer of the gov ernment, and he is ele&ed, as well as the Vice I'refident, for four ve ir* by t lectors c'iofen by the people r Icgiflaiyres of the Rates. The num ber of fliefe electors is, for inch Rate, equal to the rumber of R p refentatives and Senators of tht date in Cong refs. The luhjointd tabla exhibits the number to which each Rate will be entitled for the current Itn years, the ratio cf representa tion being 35,000. No es representatives. No. es electors . Ncw-Yoik, ?7 29 Virginia, 23 25 Pennfyivania, 23 25 Massachusetts, 20 22 North Carolina, 13 15 Kentucky, 10 is Maryland, 9 11 South-Carolina, 9 11 Connecticut, 7 9 Ni \v-M:tmpfhire,‘ 6 8 Vermont, • 8 N:*w Jersey, 6 8 TenntfiVe, 6 8 * G orgta, 6 8 ( ),nio, 6 P Rhode Island, 2 4 Delaware, z 4 Louisiana, 1 3 IS2 218 Til- ck -ftor.: are obliged to ri..fcg -1 .it’ t’ n•!< t- v red for ns IV fi. r... V. - F.* d'.eprr*