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THE SHAVING TOOL
■
Tracing the Origin and Early
Use of the Razor.
The Construction of the Modern
Tonsorial Implement.
Among the earliest mentions of the
razor is that in the Bible by Ezekiel, v.,
1: “And thou, son of man, take thee
a barber’s razor, anti cause it to pass
upon thine head and upon thy beard.”
Homer, who is supposed to have writ
ten nearly 3000 years ago, alludes to the
use of the razor. This instrument has
generally been made of metal, but Cor
tez found the Mexicans using razors of
obsidian (a mineral much like native
glass), and the Tahitians use pieces of
shell and shark’s teeth ground to a very
fine edge. In China and Japan, razors
like the European and American, but
without handles, are used. They are
made of very fine stccL
The manufacture of razors in the
United States is comparatively recent,
but already it bids fair to equal at least
that which has been carried on at Shef
field, England, for centuries. The ut
most care is taken to obtain fine steel,
but cutlers sometimes find the result
uncertain. A razor is supplied to every
fioldior and sailor in the British army
and navy at nine cents each.
The division of labor is much used in
producing a razor, the blade having to
go through at least twenty operations.
The list of the principal of these is as
follows; One, the blade is moulded;
two, forged; throe, ground to take oil
the black scales; four, drilled for the
rivet and stamped with the
maker’s name; five, hardened and
tempered; six, ground; seven, the
shoulders are ground on a dry stone;
eight, the blade, is ground on a leaden
wheel, which gives the tiuo curve totho
surface; nine, the tang and back, are
glazed by a leathern glazer; ten,
polished on a buff wheel with crocus;
plevon, handled; twelve, set. In tem
pering razor blades they are heated in a
coke or charcoal fire, and dipped into
the water obliquely. They are then
laid on their backs upon a clear fire,
pix or eight together, and they are re
moved when the edges, which are yet
thick, come down to a pale straw color.
The edge of a razor consists of a
great number of minute points, com
monly called teeth, which, if the razor
is in itself good andMn good condition,
follow each other through its whole
extent with great order and clearness,
and constitute by their unbroken regu
larity an excessive keenness. The
edge acts on the board not so much by
the direct application of weight or
force' as being drawn, even slightly
along it; because by the operation the
fine teeth of which it consists pass in
quick succession over the same part of
the substance. The best razors will
have the teeth of their edges set almost
as a good saw, and the best test in try
ing a razor is to examine the edge by
means of a strong magnifying glass.
This also explains the good effect on
the razor caused by dipping in hot
water, which necessarily clears the
edge of any small clogging substances.
Barbers often assert that razors get
tired of shaving, and that they will per
form satisfactorily if permitted to rest
for a time. It will bo found by micro
scopic examination that the tired razor,
from long stropping by the same hand
and in the same direction, has tho ulti
mate fibres of its surface or edge all ar
ranged in one direction, like tho edge
a piece of cut velvet; but after a
month’s rest these fibres rearrange them
selves heterogeneously, crossing each
other and presenting a saw-like edge,
each fibre supporting its fellow, and
henco cutting the beard instead of being
forced down flit without cutting, as
when laid by.—[Brooklyn Citizen.
Ceylon Crispins.
There is no country in tho cast, as
serts tho Chicago News, where shoc
muking is carried on to such an extent
as in Ceylon—the great Island in the
Indian ocean which the natives believe
to have been tho site of tho earthly i
paradise. Tho country abounds in ;
Bhocmakers, who work entirely by
hand, according to an official statement
-of United States Consul Morey, there |
being no shoemaking machinery in the ■
island. A large number of {JNbrtuguese |
descendants work at the ffnde, And
many t'chucklers” from India. The
workmanship is fairly geoi and mar
velously cheap, especially with respect
to men** and boys’ Loots and shoes, j
wliich ||u hawked about tue streets at
though strangars in the island are asked
at first to pay considerably more. Here
lot mo describe a pair of No. s’s now
before me. They are high-countered
shoes, laced in front through eight
brass eyelets (four on a side), kip up
pers, quarter-inch solos, seven-eighths
inch heels, double rows of brass pegs,
and all rough edges neatly bound with
kid, joinings double and somewhat
ornamentally stitched—price 80 cents,
delivered at the door. Their equal
could not be bought retail anywhere in
tho United States under $2, perhaps not
so low. Tho same style of goods in
boots with clastic sides would cost an
additional 40 cents, total $1.20, or, at
( most, $1.40; and tho larger sizes, say
from six upward, of kip or split leather,
would bo from fifty to 100 percent. mor#
all around.
Biting the Finger Nails.
Dr. Joromo Tuthill, of Chicago, 111.,
in tho Medical Record, says: A novel
accident, resulting from a habit of very
common prevalence among nervous peo
ple, was brought to my notice recently.
A young lady presented herself at my
office complaining of a constant irrita
tion in her throat. Two weeks pre
viously she had been taken with a severe
“sore throat,” which was treated by a
neighboring physician. Under his care,
she says, tho inflammation quickly sub
sided, but thero still remained a sen
sation of irritation. Examination re
vealed a small fleshy-looking object,
about the size of a kernel of wheat,
adherent to tho tissues posterior to the
left tonsil, by one end. The other parts
of the throat were normal. The little
mass could not bo detached by a cotton
covered probe, but by tho use of forceps
it was easily removed, and on examina
tion proved to be a piece of finger nail,
which had become covered by a cheesy
deposit. A broken piece of tho nail;
was also removed from under the mu
cous membrane at tho same spot by a
sharp-pointed probe. The patient then
confessed to tho habit of bitting her
finger nails, and, moreover, could re
member that a day or two previous to
the onset of her throat trouble a piece
of nail which she had bitton off had
become lost in her mouth, but after it
had caused a fit of coughing sho had
forgotten about it until reminded by
my discovery.
The Rearing of a Prodigious Fortune.
“I have often heard Vanderbilt say,”
remarked a veteran recently at Sara
toga, “that ho made his great fortune
after he reached the ago of 05. Ho had
only $15,000,000 or $16,000,000 when
he was 65. His first big hit was the
purchase of the Harlem road. That
doubled his fortune. Then he bought
tho Hudson River and Central and
doubled, another. And finally he took
in the Lake Shore and Michigan South
ern and his Western property, and
doubled his estate the third time. Thus,
when he was at tho age when most mon
arc thinking of making their wills, his
estate jumped from $15,000,000 to $30,-
000,000 by tho purchase of the Harlem,
from $30,000,000 to $60,000, 000 by tho
purchase of tho Hu Ison River, and
from $60,000,000 to $120,000,000 by
the purchase of the Like Shore. That
is the whole secret of the building up
of tho wonderful Vanderbilt fortune.
But the heirs have shown a better
quality of holding on to the money than
was expected. There isn’t one of the
younger Vanderbilts who lives up to his
income. They have more than the
amounts left them.”
A Fable About Etiquette.
Two travelers between Teheran and
Bagdad, says a facetious Persia i Fon
taine, met half way up tho vertical face
of a rock on a path only a cubit in
width. As both were in a hurry, and
etiquette would not allow either to set'
his foot upon the other even if dignity '
had permitted prostration, they main- '
tained for some time a stationary con- s
*
dition. After some reflection each de- !
cidcd to jump around tho other, but as
etiquette did not warrant conversation
with a strangle neither mado known
his intention. The consequence was!
they met, with considerable emphasis, |
about four feet from tho edge «f the'
path and passed through a flight of
soaring eagles.
Strangled by the Dust.
| Peter McArdle, a white employe of
the Georgia Chemical Works in Atlanta,
has mot a peculiar and distressing death.
While at work ho fell into tho dust-bin
and was smothered Lafore ha could be
extricated. 'ln this department tha dust
fills the air, anM tho workmen have their
mouths and utslri a covered with baud
ul'OS. M:Ab>ll« lost his balance and fell
THE FOUNDER OF CHICAGO.
He Was a Coal Black Negro from
the Island of San Domingo.
[From the Chicago Times.]
The name of the real founder of Chic
ago, which has been left unsung by the
proud Caucasian and permitted to drift
into oblivion, is hereby rescued. It was
Jean Baptiste an Sable, and fts owner
was a San Domingo negro, with com
plexion as black as the character of the
fiend who would attempt to bribe an
Aiderman with a block of imaginary
etock in a mythical railroad. The name
gave rise to a suspicion of French blood
in Jean’s veins, but there was nothing
in any feature to show it, and no doubt
he was an African of the purest type.
He had in his mind the founding of a
great empire in the wilderness, and be
lieved that a commingling of negro and
Indian would produce the typical race
of the world—large in brain and invin
cible in war. He had doubtless heard
legends of the most famous of his race.
Hannibal, who, descending the Nile,
crossed into Europe, and after over
throwing the Roman legions advanced
upon the “Mistress of the World” with
a myriad of men. In order to do this,
too, it was necessary to march his hosts
across the Alps, and this was accom
plished in a manner so superb that the
later effort of Napoleon was but a feeble
imitation.
It is certain, however, that Au Sable
had dreams of power and empire. He
thought first to ingratiate himself with
the neighboring tribes of Indians,
eventually consolidate them, and be
come chief of a great nation. Asa pre
liminary step, and to provide for a
future capital, he prospected through
out the vast wilderness, and with pro
phetic vision chose this as the locality.
Nothing could change this determina
tion, and despite the wiles and blandish
ments of real estate dealers at Marquette
and Fort Clark (now Peoria) he took
fjossession in 1799 of a strip of ground
ying north of the river and extending
from what is now Clark street to the lake,
Thereon he built a hut and proceeded
to negotiate.
Like many a white man before and
since, Jean seems to have a great head
for schemes, but a poor one for diplo
macy, and after two or three years ol
incessant toil and increasing intrigue
his vision of power faded away. Lo
was suspicous, and would have none ol
it, and this distrust of his motives
seems to have broken the adventurer’s
spirit, as ho soon abandoned his claim:
and being desirous of ending his life as
soon and easily as possible located on
the Illinois river near Peoria, where he
soon died of break back ague. Thus
ended the dreamed of-empire and per
haps obviated the necessity of civil
rights law enabling white people to en
ter negro hotels and theatres in Chic
eaco. _
Their Platform.
The convention of wholesale liquor
dealers and distillers, who met in Chick
ering Hall, New York, was in favor of
the following principles, regardless of
politics: “Fewer saloons; higher li-
cense; closing saloons on Sunday; dis
couraging saloons where women and
children are allowed to buy liquor, either
for themselves or others; refusing to
supply money to disreputable men m the
liquor business, and prosecuting any li
quor dealer who may violate the law.”
London, England, lately seen the ex
traordinary spectacle of the appearance,
on the same platform and in the same
cause, ot two Roman Catholic cardinals,
a large number of the bishops and clergy
men of the English church, and leading
clergymen of the various Non-conform
ist bodies. This practical illustration of
Christian unity was called out by the de
sire to stir up the public feeling to a
point of active interference with the
slave trade in Africa.
- I
Letter From the Ex-Sheritf of Chautauqua
Coutu j’l New Y ork.
Mayville, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1885.
I am glad to say, from a long personal ex
perience with Allcock’s Porous Plasters,
that I am able to endorse all the good things
that have ever been said about them, and sup
plement these by saying that I frankly believe
their value cannot be estimated. Their breadth
of usefulness is unlimited, and for prompt and
sure relief to almost every ache and pain that
flesh is heir to, no other remedy, in my opinion,
either external or internal, equals them in cer
tainty and rapidity. I have used them at one
time for rheumatism, another for backache,
again for bronchitis, always with the same re
sult—a speedy cure. L. T. Barrington.
The Princes of Uajpootana, India, have vol
untarily abolished infant marriages.
l eave hope behind.
All ye who enter here!
So ran the dire warning which Dante read on
the portals of the Inferno. So runs the cruel
verdict of yourfriends if vou art; overtaken by
the first symptoms ot that terrible disease, con
sumption. “Leave hope behind! Your da vs are
numbered!!’’ And the suggestion against lleath
is given up in despair, lint while there is life,
there is hope! Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Dis
covery has cured hundreds of cases worse than
yours; and it will cure von, if taken in time.
But delay is dangerous. No power can restore
a wasted lung; the "Golden Medical Discov
ery,” however, can and will arrest the disease.
There are 493 mountain peaks in the United
States more than 10,000 feet in height.
Lung Troub es and Wasting
Diseases can be cured, if properly treated in
time, as shown by the following statement
from D. C. Freeman, Sydney: “Having b '-n
a great sufferer from pulmonary attacks,
and gradually wasting away for the past two
vears, it affords me pea sure to te-tity that j
Scott’s Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil withl.im
and Sala lias given me great relief, and 1 I
cheerfully recommend it to all suffering in a |
similar way to myself. in addition, 1 would
say that it is p ea-ant to take.”
Laura Schirmer, a sinew in the harem of i
the Turkish sultan, was by prisoned by cream i
Offensive breath vanlshA with the use of Dr.
Sage's Catarrh Remedy.
The Ad ims Express Co., have made arramre
meuts to introduce its system into Europe.
Branch it l» iv cured by frequent •mall de«ea
adJUau a for Q uisurapUun.
Charles Stewart Parnell, the
great Irish agitator, has long refused to
have his portrait painted. He cannot
endure the tedium of “sittings.” He is
now, however, in the hands of H. M.
Thaddeus, the young pain tor whose por
trait of Mr. Gladstone and the Pope
have already attracted a good deal of at
tention. Mr. Thaddeus is obliged to
keep a close watch on Mr. Parnell, who
often grows rebellious under the restraint
placed upon him, and threatens to de
sert the artist altogether.
A Dream of Fair Women.
Tennyson in his exquisite poem, dreams of a
long procession of lovely women of ages past.
This is all very well, but the laureate would
have done the world a greater service if he had
only told the women of the present how they
could improve their health and enhance their
charms. This he might easily have done by
recommending the use of Dr. Pierce’s Favorite
Prescription. Health is the best friend of
beauty, and the innumerable ills to which wo
men are peculiarly subject, its worst enemies.
Long experience has proven that the health of
womankind and the “Favorite Prescription”
walk hand in hand, and are inseparable. It is
the only medicine for women, sold by drug
gists, under a positive guarantee from the man
ufacturers, that it will give satisfaction in
every case, or money will be refunded. This
guarantee has been printed on the bottle
wrapper, and fathfully carried out for many
years.
Charleston, 8. C., has appropriated £5,000 for
the erection of two free bathing houses.
Children Cry for It.
If a child will take a medicine with pleasu- e,
you tnav know that it is not in anyway offen
sive to the taste. Children like Hamburg Figs,
and it is no longer necessary to disgust them
with castor-oil. 25 cents. Dose one Fig. Mack
Drug Co., N. Y.
Much Pain and Suffering may be avoided by
child bearing woman by the timely use of The
Mother’s Friend.
If afflicted with sore eyes use Dr. Isaac Thomp
son’s Eyewater. Druggists sell at 25c. per bottle.
SLog Cabins were not
hot-houses and the people
who dwelt in them were
not hot-house growths.
They were a hardy, healthy
generation and the rem
edies used were simple
1 OLD preparations reproducedin
Warner’s Log Cabin Cough and Con
sumption Remedy and Warner’s “Tip
pecanoe,” the great stomach tonic.
EVERY
WIFE
Klj/,', Sees some of her Poultry
ffll i trtlx die each year without
BSiiilt • \jSsN knowing what the matter
HoK " as or how to a
i' remedy if she does recog-
EjajjllMi; t. nize the Disease. This is
l 1 iiOffl uot ri S ht > 8S at a!1 ex '
'VBSaIUi. ’ r li'i'si wS penso of 25 cents (in
'"'WkSw I. hklJSff stamps) she can procure
Hi a lUO-I agc BOOK
giving the experience of a practical Poultry Kaiser
(not a:i amateur, but a man working for dollars and
cents) during a period of 25 years. 11 teaches you
howto Detect and Cure Distases; how io
Feed for Eggs and also for Fattening;
which Fowls to Save tor Breeding Pur-
Loses: and everything, indeed, jon should
now on this subject. Sent postpaid for 25c.
BOOK PUB.
134 Leonard Street. N. Y. City.
Ely’s Cream "Balm,
V "" R W COLD in HEAD, SHDFFLES
It / Ol{
CATARRH.
Apply Balm into each nostril.
USA J ELY BROS., 66 Warren St.. N. Y.
LABOty]!usccl a few months
before cbnpnesxvent. VvrdeJsr losk
' Ife D^ELD RcGl/lAfOR (o
/ V ATLANTAGA.
PINE-NEEDLE Oil.
Extracted from the needles of the Pine Tree, cures
Liiiitf Troub e, < oukiik and Dipiithei-ni, also
lluM'iihir ICheiiuiai Swclhnui, Ulcers
and Putrid Sours. Sample bott>e2s cts. Address
W. M. WHITE A CO., Bax4lß, Atlanta, Ga.,
and a 1 Rectal Disease 8
treated by a painless pro"
cess. No loss of time from
business. No knife, ligature
or caustic. A kadicalcure
guaranteed in every
treated. Reference Riven.
Dr. R. G. JACKSON, 42S
Whitehall St., Atlanta, Ga.
Long Cart-idge. Bv mail postpaid. LW \
Saw Itaiidie. O< taxon Barrel. Eineat V tri? "’3
1 oeket lievolvr r. S-nd 6c. in stamp. V
for llluMrated 100-paga Catalogue of Guns,
Roi-ivp-g, Police Gnnds, Ac. P «i
NOVELL AKM3 CO., Manurm, Bostun, Maes’,
fig?. fl FARMERS « WILIXEb, Wood riasar..
SAW IYIILL.&Ut—. I.
llcge'H Improved 1 <o. 1
( ircular Saw Milial
With Universal
I.< Beam Recti
linear Simulta
iieuus Set Work[S*X,.*
and Double
centric Friction
l etxi. Manufac- -
hired by the sA. j*'
SALE.iI IKON WORKS, SALEM, N. C.
PS to SS a day. Samples worth SLSOFREE.
M Lines not >m ter the horse’s feet. V> rite
lu, BrewsterSafetyßeinHolderCo.,nolley.Mich.
F Live at home and make mor? money working f r ust han
wbadiJl i«t anrthinpeUe in the world Either rex I’ostiy outfit
FIiLE. Tvruu FUIE. Address, Till E & L u., Augusta. Mutue
New and Second Hand Machinery.
lotion >eetl Hilliers amt Grinders, Jieltivg, u Z.- xh r .et« M-ehi™*.
In addition to New Machinery, w« h are a largo etjik ,ls wScai'i twn You .M uej: Write uo.
Piano:., vie., eto.. all uzes, ut A-t • atngiy L..W lw* i„tr« .'.Vi'oore. ATLANTA. GA.
JI.U Kl.Xt.ttS < l».,:Tb. Broad alidads. lor»ta .viw ■
X*. 4* a* a a a a * a a a a * a Z jye fit r the iiiau whu w an*« >en ltd
iiivu.u«.:< ;a. nn« >.» un- .»Lire® snot stvh-) a garment that will k<-< p
to live <hu.ur> in a iCubber <> at t and H _ } , . • }n ♦»;. » irj. »t i»''-ru** it A
at tua ilf’t had h-ur s “TF 3 *IQU EK’S HSd EKA.\;>
a i>t »nu n hto h.* >m w that u u UtfSH k. M - . Rl u . oe !■• **•
;-X“'/.i ” JELd .“r
.H'E c; UEN '
A>i.! .. the *■> I I dtMC KI-U BB»■ IXu •;■**• ■!•.>!.•'.
.’■ - <,. i’. <vvl : .tf.>rdr.MTi;>i:v< < f talo.Tir. XJ» IdW'M ' - _ , , , , •
Possesses many Important Advantages over aU
other prepared Foods.
BABIES CRY FOR IT.
INVALIDS RELISH IT.
Makes Plump, Laughing, Healthy Babies*
Regulates the Stomach and Bowels.
Sold by Druggists. 85c., 50c., 181.00.
WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., BURLINGTON, VT. >
Baby
A Portfolio of beautiftil baby portraits, printed
on fine plate paper by patent pnoto process, sent
free to Mother of any Baby born within a yeac
Every Mother wants these pictures; send at once.
Give Baby’s name and age.
WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., Props., Burlington, V£
It’s Easy to Dye
WITH
Superior
J | IN »
Strength,
Fastness,
Beauty, &
and -
'I I Simplicity.,
Warranted to color more goods than any other
dyes ever made, and to give more brilliant and
durable colors. Ask for the Diamond, and take
no other. 36 colors; 10 cents each.
WELLS, RiCHARDSON & CO., Burlington, Vt.
For Gilding or Bronzing Fancy Articles, USE
DIAMOND PAINTS.
Gold, Silver, Bronze, Copper. Only 10 Cents.
® CUBES WHERE all ELSE FAILS
tes Best Cough Syrup. Tastes good. Use FES
_Kki in time. Sold by druggists.
I believe Piso’s Cure
for Consumption saved ■
my life. —A. H. Dowell,
if Editor Enquirer, Eden
ton, N. C., April 23, 1887.
The best Cough Medi
cine is Piso’s Cure for m
Consumption. Children ®
Bi take it without objection.
By all druggists. 25c.
4 __ JL
[s] CURES WHEREALL ELSE FAILS. BT
Bn Best Cough Syrup. Tastes good. Use R3I
in time Sold bv
MEN ANO BGYS!
Do you want to
learn all about
a Horae f How
to Pick Out a
Good One ? How
to Know liniier
feet ions anil bo /vT WjpSSYYgJ
Guard against BI
Fraud ? How ti,
Detect Discasi
and efleet a cure
when same is
possible ? How
to Tell the Age
by the Teeth#
What to call the ?
Diflerent Parts
of the Animal # r 1
How to Shoe n Horse Properly < AIJ iliiWy
and other Valuable Information relating
10 the Equine Species van be obininert oy
reading our IrtO-PAGE II.I.! !sT BATED
HOUSE BOOK, which we «a!l forward,
pu i, < f’o , -. , 1 w 25 GTS. IK STAMPS.
HORSE BOOK CO.. 131 Leona rd s»t.. X. ¥<
'{9 Iron Levers, Steel Bear:ng«,
Tare Bears ard Beam Box for
Srerr liie Scale Tor free price 1W
- Kjeutiou thiv paper act! addreM
4 C JONES OF BIMONAiSTSiI.
« BINGHAMTON. N.
mm suMbß
Anthmu Cure togi »’e tg *~M
ie/’in the worst e*»CH,iusurescomiQrtr«
effects cures where a 1 othersfail
cca the moef Price «,pr. BpcJ■
Druggists or by_m:dL S&mpto 1? RE aE
Dr. H. SCHIPTMAN. Bt. Paul,
...... 7 '
aKEYOI!MRRIED?gSS
tins society, which pays its members to **•?;!}’
nt murrlage. Circulars free. N. W. Mi.TLAL LN
LCWMIAT SOCIETY, Box S-lEi, Minneapolis, M inn.
2?ftk*£SiTl DY. Book-keeping,BusinessFornia
L inL J’. iinianship, Arithmetic, Short-band, eta t
■ .•£ thoroughly taught by MAIL, himulars ftw
Bryant’s College, 437 Main St. Butlalo, N.Jq
Oval Box, 317 round, 14 Pills. x-
OPHHfI HA3IT
Treatment Trial Free. No Cure. No Pay. Iho
llumaue Itemedv Co., La Latelte, Inn,
COLOKA-m: tor Fonsiimplivesand Asthmrt-
ies. Send 2c. for it. Dn. Uaktlett, boulusr, CoL_
A jj. For y-t wo, ’BB.