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BY OJjISBY & RETD.
No. 2854.
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EAST l.VUIA COTTOX.
Lilli,i'» Capacity for Production— Thi Cbmoor-
n ire c$ H 'l Ut J!" f H " Cotton-Where in frdia
the Staple Comes From—How India. Cotton.
Ua» Ucni Improved—now Much Cotton is
Used in India.
1 rom the Few York Tribune. August oo.]
Jteeent complaint!! in tho London press with
regsrdtotho failnro of onr cotton crop to” meet
the BntMh demand, and particnlarly the earnest
article of the Times, looking to India as a nec
essary field for tho farther supply of cotton,
■Which was brought to ns a few days ago by tho
cablo, have awakened a new interest in the In
dian cotton ground. Tho opening of India by
railroads, and tho cheapening of cotton by
ready transportation, are a favorite scheme of
British enterprise ; bnt, up to this time, it has
lacked tho vigorous co-operation of tho cotton
manufacturers themselves. What is here
further said respecting the India cotton culture
will throw much light upon a subject now of pe
culiar interest to American planters and manu
facturers.
Sinco 1783 India lias been tho source from
which nn increasing snpply of cotton has been
drawn. Encouraged by all the means at the
disposal of tho British Government, tho export
reached in Tho year ISC 7, according to Mr. E.
K. Mudgo, United States Commissioner to tho
Paris Universal Exposition, tho largo amount of
1 (IDO OOO 1 t n . .
81C, according to tho samo anthority. Tho
quality of India is inferior to that produced in
tho United States. Mr. Robert T. Saunders, in
tho address of the Memphis Convention Com
mittee, says “that thrro are, properly speaking,
now in nse, three kinds or clnsses of cotton.—
First: Tho ‘Sea Island,' or long staple cottons,
grown principally on tho coast of Florida, Geor
gia and South Carolina. Of this character of
cotton tho consumption is small. Second:
The medium, long staple cottons of American
growth, denominated in Liverpool ‘Uplands,’
nnd ‘Now Orleansin the United States, known
as Now Orleans, Texas, Mohilo, Savannah,
Charleston, andMcmphis cottons.’ The quantity
of this class that can bo produced by tho United
States is essentially without limit. Wo
have tho snrfaco, if wo had tlio labor, to
grow twenty millions bales. It is stated
that prior to the war nino bags of American cot
ton wero nsed to ono bag of all other descrip
tions put together. Tho American cottons are
nsed almost entirely in Enropean factories for
warp, while tho woof or filling is of less costly
grades. For tho warp,extended threads,strength,
and length of fiber, is especially required;
while for tho weft or transverso threads of tho
loom, softness nnd fullness nro tho chiof requi
sites. No other cotton is better adapted ns to
strength and length, either to spin into the high
er numbers or tosnstain tho tension nnd friction
to which threads are oxposed in tho loom. Third:
The short, staple cotton, nsed almost exclusive
ly for weft or filling. It Is drier, ‘fuzzier,’
more like rough wool, nnd principally grown in
Indio." In regard to tho conclusions to be
drawn from this remuneration, ns to tho neces
sity for American cotton, tho interesting roo-
0 ■rial of Air. Saunders, published in tho July
number of DoBow's Review, will afford nmplo
information. Tho statistics showing tho export
of India cotton seem to bo drawn from the Liv
erpool trado-tnbles, and not from those of tho
Indian ports of export. Tho latter would show
that thoro are other destinations besides Liver
pool, nnd consequently more cotton exported
u»n tho Liverpool tables would bo likely to ex
hibit Tho weights of tho various bales known
in commerce averngo ns follows :
Bombay balo. 301 lbs net cotton.
Madras balo.... .300 lba net cotton.
Bengal balo .'. .300 lbs net cotton.
China bale 210 lba net cotton.
America balo 110 lbs net cotton.
Brazil balo 180 lbs net cotton.
Egrot balo GOO lbe net cotton.
Turkey balo 650 lbs net cotton.
Tho total area under cotton cultivation in In
dia is about 8,600,000 acres.
Tho provinces in which tho plant is success
fully cultivated nro as follows : Punjab, whoro
“cotton is largely grown in almost every dis
trict.” Tho Central Provinces, where cotton
occupies about one-twentieth of tlio area under
plow, which was constmed to mean 55?,520
acres in 1807-08. The Cotton Commissioner
was of tho opinion that, although in other parts
of tho Central Provinces tho out-turn might not
exceed GO pounds, in tho AVurda Valley nnd in
Berar tho averngo ont-tum of cleaned cotton to
the acre, during a fair season, conld not be less
than 80 ponnds. Bnrmah.—Among tho pro
ducts of this provinco, cotton occupies nn im
portant place. From tho cotton of Pegu tho
finer sorts of tho celebrated muslins of Dacca
nsed to bo manufactured. Tho area under cot
ton cultivation was, however, only 3,433 acres
in 18C7-C8. Cotton ranged from 12 to 14 shil
lings sterling per pnekago of 80 pounds. Madras
furnishes cotton in largo qnnntitios, and the at
tention of tho Government has been devoted for
somo time past to the improvement of tho qual
ity. Tho export from Madras in 1SG7 is estima
ted by Mr. Mudgo to have boon 300,000 bales.
In Mysora tho growth of cotton during tho'year
18G7-C8 was somewhat limited; the Innd devo
ted to its cultivation was less than that of the
previous year by nearly 4600 acres. In Bombay
the English authorities, iu their report to Her
Majesty's Government, say, after mentioning
the staple crops of tho Presidency, “but over
nil these cotton claims tho first plnce,” tho ex
ports of which hnvo of Into years considerably in
creased,more pnrticularlysinco the late American
War. Tho quantity of cotton exported from
hero nmonnted to 203,267,003 ponnds in 18.>S-
59, and increased to 649,163,475 ponnds in
1865-GO, or 050,679 bales in 1866, nnd in 18G7
1,22L050 bales wero exported. There nro 135
steam cotton presses in operation in Bombay,
and many of tho gins are worked by steam pow
er ; at the close of tho year 1SG7 tlio total num
ber of gins in existence in the province amount
ed to 1203. Through tho enforcement of tho
“Cotton Fraud Acts" tho cotton sent to niarket
is now infinitely clearer and purer than it was
four yoars ago, and a substantial improvement
in quality has been obtained. In tlio year
18G7-S tho whole district was to bo sown with
what is known in India ns the Hingnnghat seed.
The ar. a under cultivation in 1867-8 was
015,63t acres, showing nn inereaseof 3741 acres
over 1SGG-7. In Hyderbnd (Berar) experiments
had been continued in the different districts of
Berar with various descriptions of cotton seed,
nnd among tho vnriety tried the Hingunghat
seed succeeded best, bnt only where the gravel
ly substratum laid close to the surface of tho
black soil; the seed obtained from Dhnrwar
failed to germinate at all; in the Wood district
the New Orleans seed yielded ninety-four
pounds to the acre, tho plants growing to n
height of three feet, whereas plants from Be-
rar seed attained the height of three and a half
feet, and yielded one hundred pounds to the
" Tho number of full and half pressed bales of
3 1 cwt. each, exported from these districts, in
creased from 42,510 in 18CG-7 to 1S.,.6 1 0 in
1807-8. , . „ . .. _
The area under cotton cultivation in the Cen
tral Provinces was 553,620 acres in 1867-8, a de
crease of 46,281 acres from that of 18G(^ ; . This
is attributable to the unfavorable condition of
the weather. The opening of the American
supply has also operated to reduce the demand
for In'dfa cotton : the high prices which were
thorefsOt of the civil war in this country sened
to fosfefrthe production of India. The price of
fair Dhollerah cotton ran from 5* pence sterling
in January, 1861, to 24 5 pence in October, 1S0J,
from thence descending to 9j pence in June.
1868. The largest proportion of India cotton is
exported from the Central Provinces and Bom
bay, nnd it is estimated that the nnnMA export
from these provinces is sufficient forW weeks
supple for all the mills in Europe, and is equal
to one-fifth of the cotton exported from India.
The average weekly consumption for the whole
of Europe is at present 3,800,000 bales per an
num. It lias been as high as 78,000 bales per
week, or 4,056,000 bales per annum.
IMrnOVIN'G IXJ1IA COTTON
exotic ZT 1 ™ *“■ Uc n th0 acclimatization of
auent TswS,P T ° P ^ atlng S ardens and snbse-
Theni i t tl0n , thr °agh the community.—
These experiments have been conducted under
“ Cotton Commissioner, who
is instructed to do everything in his power to
cottonirftl , cnltiTation and improvemnt of
“ thc district over which he presides. In
the southern portion of the Hindostan Peninsula
® f 8 a lar « e extent of country, the soil of
which is adapted to the production of cotton,
an w ere the cotton-plant, an indigenous pro
duct, has flourished for ages. Within this re-
gon, embracing what is known as the Central
I rovmces, repeated trials in the development of
o fferent varieties of the plant have resulted
in favor of what is known as tlio Hingunghat
variety, an indigenous plant, and which pro
duces a cotton of which Mr. Bazely, the Vice-
President of the Cotton Supply Association,
says that, from his own former observations, he
can confirm the estimate of its being equal to
Middling New-Orleans. The New-Orleans seed
in some localities seems to prosper, and to pro
duce a quality of cotton that is marketable on
good terms; in others the product is not satis
factory-—and the Commissioner has come to the
conclusion that no attempt should be made to
force or press tho new seed (i. e., New-Orleans
seed) upon the cultivators of his district. Again,
he says if qnality be regarded, he finds that the
exotic staple, after making allowance for over-
ginning, is pronounced weak, nnd tho color and
cleanness which the judges admire are almost
entirely duo to careful cultivation, and ought
not to be considered in comparing this cotton
with tho indigenous variety, and that, even with
all this advantage, the cotton is priced some
what below fine Hingunghat.
A comparative statement from Liverpool quo
tations for New Orleans, Dhollerah, Dharwas
and Hingunghat cotton show, upon an average
of 42 quotations, from December, 18CG, to June,
18(38, the following result: Middling Now Or
leans, lljd.; Dhollerah Fair to Good, 10d.;
Dharwar Fair to Good, 104d.: Hingnnghat Fair
to Good, 10J.
Major Jlassard, who has had considerable ex
perience in Dharwar, says that “when 6own ont
of tho influence of sea air, New Orleans cotton
does deteriorate in respect to strength of fiber.”
Tho weight of all testimony bears in favor of
Hingunghat cotton, which is an improved spe
cies of an indigenous plant, and against the
product of exotic seed.
HOME CONSUMPTION OF RAW INDIA COTTON.
The annual local consumption in the Central
Provinces is estimated to be about CO,000 bales.
And in seasons when tho yield does not promise
to bo great, the local manufacturers and wear
ers are first in tho market, prepared to make
their purchases. Mr. Camac says that the man
ufacture of cloth and yam in the Central Prov
inces, which, as has been shown, affect so ma
terially their exports of cotton, arc not only
very extensive, bnt also very delicate hnd valu
able. At tho exhibitions of Nagporo, Jubbal-
poro and Akola, it was difficult to convince vis
itors that tho yam shown there was of native
manufacture, spun by tho band with the assist
ance only of the nule,primitive looking spinning
wheel exhibited in the same department. A
picco of native thread exhibited at Akola was of
such fineness that it has been calculated that a
ponnd weight of this yam would reach a dis-
tanco of 117 miles. Tho best compliment to its
excellence was paid by pome gentleman inter
ested in the cotton trade, who, notwithstanding
that tho public were particularly requested not to
tench tho specimens, succeeded in snipping off
pieces of it to carry away as curiosities. This
hank or skein of thread was made at Chanda.
In England tho spun yam is always made np
into hanks, each containing eight hundred and
forty yards of them, and the number by which
the quality of the yam is known denotes the
number of these hanks that gp to tho pound.
No. 40 is tho ordinary yam. It is on record
that No. 400, or about 200 miles of thread to
the ponnd, has been spun; bnt at the commence
ment of this century No. 100, produced by
Crimston's invention, was 1 bought an extraor
dinary performance, oven for machinery.
Tho Chanda specimen would then, according to
tho English standard, be about 244 in fineness,
and this is produced by tho natives, without
the help of any complicated machinery. At
Nagporo nnd Omrair thread of about No. 140 is
very generally used for tho fine lawn^
IDEAS OF INDIA PLANTERS.
A good answor, given by a cultivator in tho
Chanda district, is worth reciting. Tho subject
of tho rise of prices was being discussed round
tho camp-fire ; and when more than half the
audience had agreed that a recent rise in tho
market was undoubtedly to be credited to tho
kindness of Government in general, and to Cot
ton Commissioner in particular, tho tnm came
for a Koonbeo—who had ridden on tho railway
and had seen tho Nagporo Exhibition, and who
was, consequently, rather nn authority in the
village—to give liis answer. Ho suggested,
with an air of assumed deference, that if he was
not misinformed, tho Shakazada (heir-apparent)
had recently been married in England, and that,
of course, according to custom, the Queen had
given overy ono in 4r Walayat” new clothes ; and
hence the sadden enormous consumption of cot
ton there, and consequent rise in prices. This
suggestion was afterward traced to a complica
tion of ideas produced by tho .sight of Mr. Jen
sen's portraits of the Prince and Princess of
Wales, which wero the wonder of the admiring
lvoonbees at tho Nagporo Exhibition, and which
wero duly explained to them to be a newly-
married pair, tho son and danghter of their
Queen; and to tho study of what may be called
a “political” pockot handkerchief (of which
thousands came to India in 1865) containing the
portaits of the Princo nnd Princess, with ap
propriate designs, and which had been given to
tho Koonbee’s small son in the morning as a re
ward for having distinguished himself at tho ex
amination of the village school. In regard to
tho introduction of foreign plants, The Times
of India mentions that an officer recently sent a
present of somo tea and somo tea plants to an
independent native chief on the north-west
frontier. Tho chief accepted the tea, and re
turned tho plants, with an intimation that they
were “returned in consonance with the spirit of
a t radition that plants of foreign countries should
never be planted in that country, lest when they
had thrive^ nnd leaved, and flowered, the peo-
plo of tho country they had come from should
themselves come to demand their produce, and
so disturb tho peM of tho well-conducted and
orderly community over which ho presided.”
ASSISTANCE OF TRAFFIC.
One of tho greatest difficulties, previous to
which the producer had to contend with
was the insufficiency of transportation. The
limited amount of rolling stock at tho dispos
al of the Great India Peninsula Railway Com
pany, and the want of management in the ship
ment of the cotton caused grevions annoyance
and great delay to the dealers in the Central
provinces. A gentleman by the name of Cor-
dery had inauguarated a system in the Heroes
which had proved successful. This system, in
January, J8C7, was extended to the Central
provinces. It had for its objects; 1. The safety
of the cotton detained. 2. The prevention of
unfair practices in tho dispatch of the cotton.
A large yard at each railway station was marked
off into squares, each capable of holding a
certain number of bales, according to the num
ber of tiers on which they were piled, thus it
was not difficult to ascertain the number of bales
belonging to each dealer, and the number of
cars to' which he was rateably entitled. By
counting the squares the number of thousand
bales remaining in the yard could be easily ar
rived at, and every evening it was possible to
form a very fair idea of tho impression made
upon the mass by the railway. To preserve or
der and protect the cotton a police guard was
stationed in the yard. The management of tne
yard was vested in a clerk, who prepared lists
of tho cotton detained, and whose register
contained an interesting record of the traffic.
A small fee or ground rent was levied on the
cotton stacked to defray expenses. A system
of checks to insure dispatch of the cotton in or
der of arrival was adopted. Receipts in tripli
cate were issued upon the entry of a batch of cot
ton to the yard, and the payment of the fee al
luded to. The check is given in duplicate to the
dealer,one copy for delivery to the stationmaster,
the other as receipt for payment of the fee.
Thus the holder of the specimen check No 1,-
715 0 f tne Naudora cotton yard, on presenting
his pass to the stationmaster, can claim to have
his cotton shipped before the holder of No. 1,
710 The counter foils kept on the check book
form a good check on the number of bales re
ceived mid dispatched daily from the yard. The
Ixmeficial effects of the system have warranted
the Commissioner in promising that in the
course of a season or two there will be no fur
ther occasion for the continuance of the yard.
It lias been a custom among the natives to pack
their cotton in two ways, in the loose gunny
bags called dokras, and In the nets called “jing-
has. Usually the cotton shipped to the coast
was transferred to dokras. One of the most im
portant improvements tending to relieve the
blocks on the route to the port of shipment was
the introduction of the cotton press and requir
ing, so far as practicable, the cotton to be baled.
Thus the bulk was reduced, and though tho
weight increased in proportion, the capacity of
tho cars was made more available, and more
cotton was carried in the same space. Some of
the cotton intended to be repacked at Bombay
was what is called half pressed, so that it might
be opened before exported, and examined. The
half presses turn out 50 bales in a day. If
worked day and night they can turn ont 100
bales. Dnring the scorching winds of the Beras
hot weather, it is not possible, owing to the
elasticity of tho cotton, to compress more than
from 3 cwt. to 34 cwt. of cotton into a bale.
The introduction of side tracks into the cotton
yards was another facility which resulted in
great convenience to the traffic. Instead of
baskets and rough stones, nsed in many places
by the natives, accurate balance scales of im
proved manufacture have been introduced. The
improvement of wagon roads has attracted th<;
attention of the Commissioner, and steps havo
been taken to make them easily passable. A
station of the Government Electric Telegraph
has been opened at the Hingunghat cotton mar
ket, which is now not only in telegraphic com
munication with Bombay, bnt with Manchester
and Liverpool- As matters now Btand, a mer
chant sending an order to Hingnnghat by elec-
trio telegraph may have his cotton packed in
full-pressed bales at that market and landed in
Liverpool within six weeks of dispatching the
order. A message sent by Mr. Camac from
Hingnnghat on Monday to Mr. Isaac Watts, the
Secretary of the Cotton Supply Association at
Manchester, reached that gentleman on tho fol
lowing Wednesday.
Until tho last few years tho character of In
dian cotton in the Liverpool market stood very
low, and. the name “Surata,” the description
under which the cotton of these provinces is still
included, was a by-word and a-genoral term of
contempt. It was not many years ago that a
Lancashire brewer brought an action for libel
against a Liverpool man for having called his
beer “Snrats.” The evidence went to show that
the term Surat wasapplied to anything that was
considered particularly bad; one" witness inter
preting the word to mean ‘‘muck.” The two
great obstacles tb successful exportation of cot
ton from India—tho position of tho cultivator
on whom the market was dependent for supplies
of cotton, and the inaccessibility of tho inland
tracts in which the cotton markets are situated
—are in comae of removal, and though Great
Britain may never be ablo to obtain in India the
quality or quantity of the staple she now pro
cures from the United States, she may be enabled
to consider herself as not so entirely dependent
upon us as to deem tho abscnco of onr supply a
national calamity. According to Mr. Smith the
proximity of tho manufactory to tho plantation
is an incentive to production nnd a profit to pro
ducer and consumer. It follows that if the
manufacturing capacity of India was fnlly de
veloped a corresponding development in tho
qnality and quantity of Indian cotton wonld be
reached. Until that time shall come wc may
look for results not at all in accordance yrith tho
natural capabilities of tho land or the producer.
HITBOVZMEXTS.
Until within a few years, the cultivator in the
central provinces of India was a miserable and
depressed creature. Deeply in debt, a recourse
to the money-lender was a matter of necessity,
for the demands upon him by tho land agents at
n season when he had no crop on hand to meet
the payments, forced him to take steps which,
under other eircnmstances,ho might have shrunk
from. An agreement to famish a certain quan
tity of cotton at a fixed rato—the contract being
extremely low—tho terms wero os favorable to
tho grasping money-lender as they wero ruinous
to the needy ryot. Tho crop thus virtually
passed out of the cultivator’s hands, and his in
terest in it censed before tho plant was in blos
som. The cotton, whether good, bad or indif
ferent, wonld bring him in no more than the
price already fixed in the bargain to which ne
cessity had compelled him to agree. In Novem
ber, when the bolls burst, and when, in order to
secure tesOv good cotton, it is indisperudble that
the fields should bo picked without delay, the
ryot wonld find that his contract had another
month or six weeks to run, nnd that thejovaree,
tho grain on which tho people of these parts chief
ly depend, was also ripe, and exposed to tho at
tacks of the jovaree birds, which so decimate the
best field. Tho jmearet being his own and not
pledged to tho village banker, tho ryot would
havo direct interest in paying it tho first at
tention, and tho wholo family wonld, there
fore busy themselves with tho harvest which
was to provido the food for themselves and
tho cattle dnring tho year. In the moan
time tho cotton would suffer, the ripe wool
falling to the ground, and tho whole crop
standing exposed t" the tl.iek dud and the
heavy dew of the cold weather, mornings and
evenings. If tho wind was blowing down tho
cotton and tossing it about on tho ground in
such a manner that tho bright wool became
mixed with the dust and dirt and leaves, tho
damage would not affect him. He wonld get
no more for good and carefully picked cotton
than for this stuff. Tho contract for the Jlaha-
jur was for n certain weight; a moderate amount
of dirt would increase tho weight, and was not,
therefore, altogether undesirable. And why,
then, should ho put himself out ? Thus tho cul
tivator’s crop passed out of his hands sqon after
it was sown, and with it disappeared all induce
ment to cultivate tho plant carefully, and to keep
tho cotton free from dost nnd dirt and impuri
ties. This system threw both cotton crop and
cultivators into the hands of a body of money
lenders, who adulterated the cotton before it
reached tho port of exportation, so that it was
hardly recogizable.
The inaccessibility of the cotton districts was
an obstacle to the improvement of tho crop,
which the railway has now removed in great
measure. The prejudice against the climate, in
a great degree, is unfounded, ns it is endurable
as in any other portion of India. One of the
greatest difficulties that the Enropean had to en
counter was the system of cheating and trickery
which was so elaborate and intricate that no
European who did not possess tho most intimate
knowledge of tho language and of the people
conld have hoped to combat it successfully.—
The difference of weights corresponded with the
difference in locality, and constant holidays
bringing stoppages in the work, nnd the passive
resistance whichho met every at step, were quite
enough to wear out even a very energetic Enro
pean. These obstacles have been now so effect
ively removed, that the cotton trade as it was
carried on in 1SG4 in Central India, is hardly to
be recognized by the side of the business as it is
done in their markets to-day. The operation of
the land revenue settlement relieved the cultiva
tor of all anxiety regarding his tenure; the re
arrangement of the installment of his rent now
fixed, so as to give him time to dispose
of his crop first, has helped to lighten his
burden with the money lender; and finally,
the American war,by raising the price of cotton
and pouring into the ryot’s hands what ap
peared to Inm untold wealth, enabled all who
were not utterly reckless and extravagant to free
themselves from the Mahaj ur's books. Though
many cultivators may be met who thought there
would be no end to the golden age, spent their
money as they received it, and even ran deeper
into debt—still, the mass of the agricultural
population seized the opportunity of ridding
themselves of the burden of debt which had so
long weighed them down. Distances formerly
measured in months are now within a day or a
day and a half's journey of Bombay, and the
ryot who brings in his cart-load of cotton and
the merchant who has come np to purchase,
meet in the market, and transact business with
one another direct The benefit of this state of
matters is that the cultivator has now an object
to deliver the best article of cotton he can pro
duce at tho market, and thus extorts from
England the remark that there is a great lm-
nrovement in Indian cotton.
The manner of doing business in the large
markets in the Berars is something after this
fashion • Dnring the night long strings of carts
loaded with cotton, pour into the market and
are marshaled by the darogah and his assistants
into long lines or streets, the small quantity oi
cotton brought in on bullocks being piled in a
quarter set apart for it in the center of the
yard. In Khaugaon the number of carts will,
in the season, run as high as 1500, representing
upward of 1000 Kaudies of cotton. Soon after
daybreak the market is alive with purchasers,
their attendants, clerks, brokers, and others,
and business commences. During the night,
telegrams giving orders to purchase a certain
quantity, and quoting the last advices from Eng
land, have most probably been received, and
purchasers go round the carts examining the
cotton and making their offers. The price at
which the first transaction is made is generally
the rate of the day, and is soon buzzed round
the market, and most purchases are made at
about that rate ; though it is, of course, liable
to change by the receipt of later advices. The
merchant from Bombay and the Koombee meet
face to face in the markets. A slit is cut in the
gunny covering of the package, and the mer
chant inserting his arm into the heart of the
cotton, brings ont the sample. According to
the qnality of the sample the merchant now
makes his offer. By the time that the number
of bags of cotton required have been selected
(and as six dokras must be brought for every
Kandy required, the process is a lengthy one,)
breakfast will be ready, and letters for the Bom
bay mail, which in the cotton season leave??
Khaugaon at 2 o’clock, will have to be written.
This done, it will be time to weigh the cotton
selected in the morning. The Koonbees, who
have in the interval taken their food, bring the
cotton to the agent’s “thuk,” or weighing yard,
and the hardest part of the day’s work now
commences. Each bag, before it is passed on
to the scales, undergoes a second inspection,
and if it be found wanting in quality, or if any
mixture can be detected, it is immediately re
jected, and rolled on one side, while the cotton
that passes muster goes to the scales. Whan
the whole lot has been weighed, the Koonbee
gets a memorandum showing tho gross weight
of the cotton, tho rate at which tho cotton has
been purchased, and the amount payable; and
this check, when presented, is paid by the cash
ier, who sits, with the bright new rupees before
him, in a comer of tho shed. Thus, then, the
interest of the grower, the up-country agent,
tho merchant in Bombay, all now are concen
trated in producing and procuring the best cot
ton ; and the fall presses and tho railway being
close to all the markets, it is not to be wondered
at that a different class of cotton reaches Eng
land, from the inferior stuff which so many in
terested causes helped in old days to palm off
on the market.
T. C. NISBET’S
IRON WORKS,
MACON.GA.,
NEAR PASSENGER DEPOT.
CAST IRON SCREW, NO. 1.
9-12 FEET 7 INCHES DIAMETER AND 3 INCH PITCH.
!Price,
©S5 OO.
FROM THE NUMBER OF TESTIMONIALS. TO THE VALUE OF EACH OF THESE SCREWS, I
SELECT THE FOLLOWING:
DOUBLE BRIDGE. UPSON COUNTV. JUNE 27, 1SS9.
Tour, of the 17th came to hand or*, yesterday and contents noticed. Tho Cmt Iron Screw I boueht of yon
last fall give" entire i.tDfsction. I commenced packing my crop without weiehinzin thocotton._thinking
that Vki pounds was being put in ; but when I came to sell my cotton the bacs weighed from 6t© to 806 pounds.
Isold the cotton toSwatts k Drown, at Bartlesville, and anyono doubting the weight can be furnished the
receipts from the above parties. I have been farming all my life, nnd have used many different Screws, but
this one is the best I ever saw. In packing my crop I never used but one mule. I take pleasure in recom
mending the Screw to planters generally. D. W, WOHBLK.
Rtfercuce ty thowe H**np Mr above Screw:
W. T. Bassxt. Houston county. | Henry Faklky. Baldwin county.
Joel Walker, Houston county. I John Pascal, Putnam county.
CORNER OK MULBERRY A5D RRCONI> 8T8..
MACON, O A *
B.B. EUSTON, Principal,
'PHIS College ia open daily from 9 x. to9r. «.,
A throughout the entire year, and if now in tucces*-
ful operation. For want of mflicient room to accom
modate the aradnal increase of Student#, the Insti
tution has been enlarged. During the vacation an
opportunity will be afforded to boys from school of
gaining a knowledge of Commercial Education.
The xieriod of study is unlimited: cheap board:
healthy city, and reasonable tuition fec« are advant
ages rendering it desirable for all to enter here.
The Commercial Course constitutes Penmanship.
Arithmetic, including Commercial Calculation* and
Book-keeping, each of which can be taken up sep-
Distfnct Branches—Ornamental Penmanship. Pen
Drawing and Flourishing.
Literary Department—English Grammatical Course,
$$0. For Circulars address Box 16. Macon. Go.
^PATRONIZE AND ENCOURAGE HOME IN
STITUTIONS.
j alyl 4-3 m
Wrought Iron Screw, USTo. 1.
4 inch Wrought Iron, 3 Inch Pitch Screw. PRICE, - - - $!)0 00.
MILLEDGEVILLE, JUNE 17. ISOS).
Dear Sia:—I am using ono of your 4 inch Cotton Press Screws. 3 inch pitch, with levers, adapted to
mule-power. I, however never use mule-power but run it down by hand. Iam satisfied that lkwgl do
more work in the same time, and with muofa more ease, than the old wood screw, nnd thatit is ten times
as durable. You will allow me, at the same time, to recommend your horse-power ai a valuable power to
gin cotton. Yours respectfully. JOHN JON Kb.
TERRY. JUNE 21.1869.
Dear Sir:—I am nsing one of your 4in. Wrought Iron Screws, 3in. pitch, nnd it is all you represent it to be.
I pack with hand-power levers, and have put pounds in a bale with six hands. Hike the press so well
that I want you to go* me up another and shall bo in Macon about tho lrt of August. , on „«Tvmtr,
JAM Kb \i. KUU^ulKhh.
a Reference of tome af-thnee swing ike four inch Prete, three pitch :
Garret Smith, Houston county. I W. C. Carlib. Bibb county.
John W. Woolfolk, Houston county. I i no?. U. Jonks. Twiggs county.
William Adkins. Dooly county. ( J. P. Bond, Twiggs county.
N. Tcckf.r, Laurens county | J. W. Sessions, W &*mngton county.
TTTY
WHISKY,
A NOTHER lot of this celebrated Whisky just re
ceived ts-day. No brand hss givon such uni
versal satisfaction. Ever> body la in love with iL It
only needs to be tried once to be continued. All who
lore the good and pure, call for It.
Jno. W. O’Connor is the sole Agent for Macon. Ga.
No one else can get it. Beware of counterfeits.
Various good brands of
PURE RYE and CORN WHISKY
ON BAND.
With a full stock of
BRANDY. GIV, RUM, CL ARET and other WINES.
LEMONS.
25 Boxes Messina Lemons—ju«t received.
JNO. W. O’CONNOR.
inly 4-if ~
WM. HENRY WOODS,
Cotton Factor & General Commission
MEECHANT.
WROUGHT IRON SCREW, NO. 2. g
1. 11-2 AND 2 INCH PITCH,
PRICE, - $80 00. |p
1 inch.
CLINTON. Gx.. 1S68.
T. 0. Nisbkt. Erq.:— I can safely say your Press is all. and perhaps more, than you claim it to be.
It is tho cheapest, easiest and most convenient pricking apparatus I have seen. I have seen two
hands pack a bale of cotton that we supposed to weigh 5u0 pounds.
HENRY J. MARSHALL.
MACON. Ga.. 1868.
T. C* Nisbkt, Esq.:—I am well pleased with your Prc«. I have packed with six hands a bale of
cotton weighing six hundred and forty pounds in thirty minutes.
R. F. W00LF0LK. 1# inch
PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP CO.'S
THROUGH LINE TO CALIFORNIA,
china and ja.ra.iv,
TOUCHING AT MEXICAN PORTS. AND CAR
RYING THE U. S. MAIL.
Through to California In-Tweiity-lwo Days.
Steamships on the Connecting on the Pa-
Atlantic : cmc with the
ALASKA, )
ARIZONA, j - - - - COLORADO,
HENRY CHAUNCEY, - CONSTITUTION,
NEW YORK, - - - - GOLDEN CITY,
OCEAN QUEEN, - - - SACRAMENTO,
NORTHERN LIGHT, - GOLDEN AGE
COSTARICA, - MONTANA. '
One of the above large and splendid Steamships will
leave Pier 2s o. 42 North River, foot of Canal Street, at
12 o’clock, noon, on the 1st, 11th and 21st, of every
month (except when thoso dates fall on Sundav and
then on the preceding Saturday), for ASPINWALL,
connecting, via Panama Railway, with one of the
Company’s Steamships from Panama for 5SAN FRAN
CISCO, touching at ACAPULCO.
Departures of the l?t and 21st connect at Panama
with Steamers for SOUTH PACIFIC aud CENTRAL
AMERICAN PORTS. Those of the 1st ouch at
MANZANILLO.
Tho Steamer of August 11th, 1869, connects closely
with the Steamer JAPAN, leaving San Francisco
September 4th, I860, for Jspnn and China.
One Hundred Pounds of Baggage allowed to each
adult. Baggage-Mastersaccompany baggage through,
and attend ladies and children without male protec
tors. Baggage received on the dock the day before
sailing, from Steamboats, Railroads, and passengers
who prefer to send down earl
An experienced Surgeon board. Medicine and
attendance free.
For Freight or Passcngo Tickets, or further infor
mation, apply at tho Company’s Ticket Office, on the
Wharf foot of CANAL STREET. NORTH RIVER,
NEW YORK.
maylO-ly* F. R. BABY Agent.
lOSABALIS:
THE GREAT AMERICAN HEALTH
l Restorer, purifies tho blood and cures
Scrofula. Syphilis. Skin Disease.*, Rheuma-
' tisui. Diseases of Women, and all Chronic
, Affections of the Blood. Liver and Kidneys.
Rccommendod by the Medical Faculty and
many thousands of our best citizens. Read
tho testimony of Physicians and patients
who havo used Rosadalis; send for our
Rosadalis Guide to Health Book,or Almn-
nao for this year, which wo publish for
gratuitous distribution; it will give you
much valuable information :
L‘r. R. W. Carr, of Baltimore, says—I
take plansuro in recommending your Kosa-
t .li is a very powerful alterative. I havo
seen it u-c l in two cases with happy results:
one in a caso of secondary syphilis, in
which the patient pronounced himself
cured after having taken livo bottles of
your medicine. The other is a case of
scrofula of long standing, which is rapidly
improving under its use, and tho indica-
J tiona aro that the patient will soon recover.
I havo carefully examined tho formula?
by which your Rosadalis is made, and find
it an excellent compound of alterative in ■
gredients.
Dr. Sparks, of Nicholasvillo, Ky.. says he
husu^ed Rosjtlali' iu ctsu> of Scrofula and
.Secondary Syphilis with satisfactory re- ‘
suits—a* a cleaner of the Blood I know no
better remedy.
Samuel G. McFaddcn, of Murfreesboro,
Tenn., says:
I have used sevon bottles of Rosadalis,
and nrn entirely cured of Rheumatism;
send mo four bottlc J . as I wish it lor m
brother, who has Scrofulous Fore Eyes.
Beniamin Bechtol, of Lima, Ohio, writes:
T have suffered for twenty years with an
inveterate eruption over my whole body: a
?h< rt tiino since I purchased a bottle of
Rosadalis and it effected a perfect cure.
£1 O S A. X) U I »
IS SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
Dm, Clements, lUves Sl Co,,
Proprietors
For sale by
j. xx, zr-xxiixff &. co
inlyg-tf
Jons Kixo. Houston county.
W. A. Atwood, l’atnsm county.
Bexj. Babrox. Juper county.
REFERENCES:
Wu. SciBROROcaii. Monroe county.
Tiios. Barcox. Talbot county.
J. A. Spitrt. Macon county.
Pin
No. 2 CAST IRON SCREW,
1 1-2 Feet Long, 6 inch Diameter nnd 2 inch Pitch.
PRI O , §70 .
BAY STREET,
SA VANFAII, GA.
A gent for rkese’5 soluble pacific
GUANO. Is prepared at all times to advance |
liberally on consignments for rale in Savannah, or for
shipment to his correspondents in New York and
Liverpool. augl4-d3m*
A. L. IIAF.TRIDGE
Late of Hartridze A Neff
IL KETCHUM.
(’f New York.
KETCHTJM & HARTBIDGE,
NORTHEAST ROOM EXCHANGE BUILDING,
SAVANNAH, GA.,
n KALERS in Domestic and Foreign Ecxhance.
Gold. Silver and uncurrent Money. Boy and sell
Stocks. Bonds, etc.
Receive deposits, allowing four per cent, interest I
per annum on weekly balances of $500 and upwards. |
Collections made in this city and all the principal I
towns of Georgia and Florida.
Will make advances on consignments of Cotton,
Rice, etc^ to ourselves, or to our Northern and Enro-
pean correspondents. ■ ’ jnnc2P-6m
josern ruiEOAN, Jis. b. parramoek,
J. RUTLEDGE FI BEGAN.
JOSEPH FINEGAN & CO.,
COTTON FACTORS & COMMISSION
MERCHANTS,
DAT STREET, - - SAVANNAH, GA*
T IBERAL ADVANCES made on Cotton consigned
Jj to us or to our Correspondents in New York and
Liverpool. aug5-dJkw3m*
2 inch.
FORT VALLEY. JUNE. 18G9.
T.C/NI3BET—Dear Sir: Ihavebcca using your Cast Iron Scrow I’rc.'s, 2 inch pitch, for two seasons. Ihave
no hesitation in recommending it as a simple, compact and durable press. Ihave mule-power lever*, b»t
press altogether by band. „ J. A. MADDOX.
Reference to a fete of tnoee unng the abort Prett:
Stephen E. Bassett, Houston county. I John Teal, Onitman county.
U. J. Clare, Houston county. | A. Dawson, Wilkinson conoty.
The above Screws are all warranted for one season. The price does not include Frame and Box. but a
draft to build from will be farnbbed.
IRON FRAME, Price. „...f55 00
WOOD WORK, complete — 30 00
Thene Screws are long enough for a nine toot Cotton Box. as the entire length of thoBcrewcan be used;
but when a longer Screw is required it can be furnished up to 12 feet.
XML. RiCHAB'S
GOLDEN REMEDIES.
A SK for no other, take no other, and you will save
time, health nnd money.
One Thousand Dollar.* Reward for any ease of dis-
| Casein any stage which they fail to euro.
I)r. I<it‘h:iu'.> i V■ *:• i*•:i 1 i;t 1.-in. N<.. I. eurc-sl’leers, Ul
cerated Sore Throat and Mouth. Sore Eye , Cutaneous
or Skin Eruption*. Copper Colored Blotches, Soro-
iie."''.{ tho Scalp, S>r«>fu!.i, < is tho greatest Reno
vator, Alterative and Blood Purifier known, removes
ill 'li from tho 8y tern, ami leaves the blood
puro and healthy
Dr. Richau’s Golden Balaam, No. 2. cures Mercurial
I All «- *■ i < ■• r t .ID* i'n iti-i.’i in al! ;t.- forms, whether from
mercury or other causes; gives immediate relief in all
c<T>e«. No (lietii-g ncct.^ary. I havo thousands of
Certificates proving tho miraculous cures effected by
these Reiftcdies. Price of cither No. 1 pr Nc. 1!, $5.per
bottle, or two bottles for S'J.
Dr. Kichau’s Golden Antidote, a safe, speedy, pleas-
and and radical cure for all Urinary Derangements,
nceompnnied with full directions. Price. $3 per bot
tle.
Dr. Rirhau’.-* G-Meti I.iixir •i’A;m>ur.a radical cure
for Nervous or General Debility, in old or young; im
parting energy with wonderlul effect. Price. $5 per
bottle or 'wo bottles for S9.
On receipt of price, thet'e remedies will be shipped
to any pi .ace. Prompt attent.i n paid to all corres
pondents. None genuine without the name of “Dr.
Richau*s Golden Remedies, I). B. Richards, .solo pro
prietor,” blow: it. gla?r-' f bottles.
Address I)Il. L>. B. RICHARDS.
No. 228 Varick Bt., New York,
Office hour*, from 9 a. m. # to 9 p. m. Circulars hent.
julv4-dly
G- I 1ST G E A. R
EIGHT FEET OIN GEAR, PINION AND BOLTS
NINE FKKT GIN GEAR
TEN FEET GIN GEAR
PORTABLE HORSE-POWER. ADAPTED TO GINING.. 125 u
GOLQTJITT & BAGGS,
Cottofi Factors & General Commission
ME&CBANTS,
BAY STREET, SA VANN AH, OA.
S PECIAL attention to the sale of Cotton, Lumber
and Timber. Liberal advances on Orrisnments.
J. W. & C. A. MelATIRE,
Cor. 5t. Jctjkn, Bryan and Jeffrrson Streets.
SAVANNAH, GA.,
D EALERS in Groceries. Dry Goods, Hardware,
Wines, Liquors, and Country Produce generally.
Highest prices paid for Country Produce of all
kinds. auglS-d.fcw3m
CLARK & WILSON,
Factors and General Commission
MERCHANTS,
No. 1 STODDARD'S LOWER RANGE.
RAY STREET, SA VAXFAJI, GA.
.•^Liberal advances made on Produce in Store.
ang22-d3m
PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE.
A NEW COURSE OF LECTURES, as delivered a
the New York Museum of Anatomy, embracing
the subjects: How to Live and n hat to Live for;
Youth, Maturity and Old Age; Manhood Generally
Reviewed: The Cause of Indigestion; Flatulence and
Nervous Diseases accounted for Marriage Philosophi
cally Considered, etc. These lectures will be forward
ed on receipt of four stamps, by addressing Secretary
Baltimore Museum of Anatomy. 74 West Baltimore
Street, Baltimore, Md. apr6-ly
....$20 00
.... 22 00
25 00
□
IS inches IE inches
Cane M!ill Prices:
EIGHTEEN INCH MILL - $65 00
SIXTEEN INCH MILL ...._ 55 00
FIFTEEN INCH MILL - 45 00
ELEVEN INCH .MILL - - - ...._ 33 00
KETTLE PRICES:
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY GALLONS $32 00
ONE HUNDRED GALLONS...- - - ~.l - 25 00
EIGHTY GALLONS..— - - 20 00
SIXTY GALLONS - 17 00
25 Horse Steam Engine, price,
20 Horse Steam Engine, price,
Boilers to Match the above Engines,
Circular Saw Mill,
$1000
1000
500
500
SEND FOjR A CIRCULAR. «
jnl?20- £UwAw3m T. C. NISBET.
DR.HUNTER
J in all its forms. Gonorrhea, Gleet, Str'cture,
Orchitis, and all urinary diseases, and the effects of
murcury are completely eradicated; Spermatorrhea
or Seminal Weakness, re.-ulting from self-abuse or
other causes, and which produces some of the follow
ing effect--: Ah blotches, bodily weakness, indigestion,
constipation, aversion to society, unmanlinees, dread
of future events, loss of memory, indolence, nocturnal
emission 0 , and finally prostration of the vital powers,
can be fully restored to health. Persons afilicted
with this, or any other delicate, intricate, or long
standing constitutional complaint, should give the
Doctor a trial. He never fails.
The Doctor publishes a medical circular that gives
a full exposition of venereal and private diseases, that
can be had free at his office, or by mail for one stamp.
Itgivega dear delineation of all the diseases and
conditions resulting from the infringement of the
moral laws, excesses, indulgences, exposures, and im
prudences in married or single life. Every sentence
contains instruction to the afilicted, and enabling
them to determine the precise nature of their com
plaints.
The establishment, comprising ten ample rooms,
is central. When it is not convenient to visit the
city .the Doctor's opinion can be obtained by giving
a written statement of the case, and medicines can be
forwarded by mail or express. In some instances,
however, a personal examination is absolutely neces
sary, while in others, daily personal attention is re
quired, and for the accommodation of such patients
there are apartments connected with the office that
are provided with every requisite that is calculated
to promote recovery, including medicated vapor baths.
All prescriptions are prepared in the Doctor’s own
Laboratory, under his personal supervision. Medi
cal pamphlet at office free or by mail for two stAmps.
No matter who have failed, read what he says.
Office No. 183 Third street, between Green and
Walnut streets, near the Postoffice, Louisville, Ky.
Office hours.9 a. h„ to 7p. m.; Sundays, 10 a. m., to
12 n. july3-d& wly
TUTT'S VEGETABLE LIVER PILLS
Cures diseases of the Liver and Stomach;
TUTT’S EXPECTORANT,
A pleasant cure for Coughs, Colds, etc.
TUTT’S SARSAPARILLA & QUEEN’S DELIGHT
The great Alterative and Blood Purifier
TUTT’S IMPR0YEB HAIR DYE,
Warranted the best dye in use*
These standard preparations are for sale by
. ZEILIN k CO..
Druggists,
Macon, Ga.
PAINTING.
K- L. DRURY.
JfeA 2®House & Sign Painter,
6ILSSB, GLA7JKB AXD PAPKB HANGER
OVER LAWTON & LAWTON’S.
FOURTH STREET,
janU-tf MACON, GA.