Newspaper Page Text
sOffinaf Papers*
Gov. Troup tu the J*rtaidant.
KxKCirnvu i)ecaiitmi.nt, Geo. 5
J\[lUedgrVlfir, 7th ■ -luguet, 1825. 5
Siu— The idler of the Secretary of Warol the
18;h M ty, introducing to this guy. rnmem M«j >r
G ;o. G liiiea, and Maj t Andrews, me agents of (be
United States, to enq ore into the causes of ut
laic Indian disturbances —to adjust the differences
subduing between ltic Indians, and to enquire in
to ihe c induct of the Agent for 1 tdiau Affairs, re
e>m nended them as officers, distinguished for
ability, prudence and discretion. Tney were re
ceived and treated accordingly. With the con
duet of the one, you li ivc n , n already made ac
q isiotcd—with lliai of lie olner it remains lor m
to place you in possession.
In he several conferences held with (Jen. Gaines
on h Hr .t arrival I received repealed assuranc
from Inn of friendly disposition.—ol upright in
tendons —H h eed in from all k.u lof bias or pie
jiuln e wlncii could mislead ms judgmem, or inHu
mice his decisions on any of the tuples which, i
the execution of his trust, rnigh' present them
selves for discussion. It- lyi g implicitly on the
sincerity ol these dedarm ms I .logon ami regard
ing (Jen. Gaines as an u m i able and dis; ileres e i
arbiter between U»e United Slates, Georgia, ail
the Indians, and so conlinu I to regard mn uuii
a short lime before his insulting leleroi the UMi
ult. was received ut ilus Department. It was im
possibie tor this G ivermn ■ it not to r • |>. 1 that i •
suli With indignation, file chief magi Inne in Ins
ollicial message to the 1. gi '..itu.e it 1 luted . x
jihcitly lliai Md itosli anu li .eh et. ii id g-ven Ui ir
consent to the suvi-v, and in -vi,j.> i lo' diissta -
incut the letters ol Mclntosh wer. exmhded wi n
bis name sun crihe 1 m lu> own hin I, m win h(n .
Gaines had In 1 information N v r iu.-h-s, th.
certificate ol an In lian chid who nad d r-. dtr ~n
th ; Mclntosh -ar y, and il a wb.te man ol w.i m
Gen Gainer linn-.. It'd >t. m : pretend in I. ;nw any
thing, is procured todi ci :dn ihestat m lofib
Governor, a id to exhibit linn hes ire the pub >c -
llie dupe o! tbe vilest and sh i I iwesl imposture ,
and in his solicitude to accomplish ihis lie Urg n
that it is the consent given by Mclntosh and bis
duel's to the survey winch on Ine information o.
the agent, yon have taken tor granted to be llie
sole cun -e of all die disturbances in the Nad m, and
upon which you h ive recently issued the moat ol
tensive orders to this gov- rumen connected wuh
that survey, an lin your last on even denounced
military vengeance against those who shall a temp*,
to carry it into cx-cutinii—When ti n. (James is
rebuked in the mildest lang-uge which the unpro.
yoked in,ult wonl-1 admit of, he presents himself
again before Ihe puhfe in a loiter indulging in m .st
intemperate abuse nl all die constituted autbm ities
of a soVercg i stale, a d of the gr a body ol i s
people, and which In causes to he publish d ahno.v
aw l* henirc il was rec iv dal ilu, I) opartimii'.
With rqjard to toe first letter of G u. ti lines’ lo
winch 1 have called your attention, he d .es u t
seem to have been c intent wall address* 'g a letter
so exceptionable lo llie li ad of tins Government
Me assumes the authority to order us publica
tion, on the allegation id mine prepended and un
defiued m.il ciom falsehoods in circulation, an
v.ii, m he makes the fuun ialion of an appeal to lot
puulic—an appeal mon censor ide than that tm
winch the gallant and memo, i ms I* n r is imw
answering betore a Court Mumal assembled by
ynur ord r. inasmtion us die latter only d lend
hini.scl against inculpatory charges made by .us
own government, whilst llie lormer who wa
bound bv qual respect n tins G ivernment doe
not pretend that any c larges ol any I ind liad been
prefened ny n agilnst im —lt i i i litis lett r too
that (Jen. Gn i i>os a1 o into tlio shock g cx-
Uavagau col as.erling what nob nly cm bill v.
that ttie M lut.ish puny winch ina •. die in st
tonillluted but a fiftieth pan ol he N lien; and t
w i m i h>- stun • letter made known olli .'.nmy lo tin
guvi in m n that he llfttl in ipdy coiicladrd a p c -
hr.ill on ol Hu- India .s when at tliat tiiniu Mil h Was
its ream e from l e pac lion 1 on . s he ever h d
•'■M'li, ut will’ll be.H 1 mV v n wit. lin Ilia passing
hour received tin: must incontestable evidence,
till regard to the second leit r, iij'/the 2d .
ult winch now lust I a n writing, ha ~ I t 111 li .1
time been put into mv hands a .1 atm s a w • ..
after n j publication, 1 have l> re nick, hat tin h.s
lory of diplomacy will not furnish u parallel, -
marked w til indiscretion, in rm,< ranee, tie in
ra -j disrespect, anti llie outrage ot all decency
(Jen. Gaines forgets ad well what lie owe; to ins
own gov Foment ns lo this,—Mia duty to you re
quired ui'ii to show respect to this gov rnmeni in
all hii intercourse with it, li in tint intercourse
he had found in > s 11 wronged or aggrieved t.y the
authorities here, it was not all nved him lo take
redres.i into his own li.mds, upon representation
to you, you were cunpeiem in d cide Hi nature
and the i xteut it die injury he nail rec. ivcd, an,,
of the i\ dress in <st stuta. dr toil, lie would not
cmdi le die exercise oi dns trivil g 1 lo you, no
doubt questioning your finiess ir discretion for
such matters, hut cause t > r ■ y on his xvn dexteri
ty and pr iwess He writ- sam mg other inings ot
the “mangnant villainy” which iia. been exten
siv dy practiced on mo credulity oi many ol the
go id ciuxcns ot Ge rgia ami other Sla es in refer
ence to the Indians and die treaty. A charge, so
vagn • Ci-.nol h ■ easily u (iei'slo id, much less dis
tine ly answered. Prc-su.p smg it to bedirected
again.l tbe solhnrilies of tins Slate and to he in .ill
respects in , who made G.merai Gaines the Judge
to pa s lies cm dcmuHtory sentence on the co duct
id 'll sc a-ttburides? I had been understood t.,al
you bad r served to yi urs.dt tins power and Ilia
Ge i. Games wss liere only as ynur ag nil In coll ct
the evidences upon wiiich dial power was to be
exercised.
He proceeds to make another reference lo the
certificate of the India Chief and the white man ;
reiterates the expression id nulim teal confidence
in the vei acuy of Marshall, eulogizes him as am mg
the most worthy ol the 'me ud.. treaty making
party,” and cornea again to thccone u-i m ttiai llie
Cine Magistrate ol Georgia and others are nut tn
be credited agiuist the cer ffic.ue ol nicu nspec
table persoi.ag ~ Uitliiu tins hour 1 have receiv
cd the testimony d die Chi els of l le tnendlv par
ty vnluntirily given •• lliai the statement of Joe
Marshall to G. n. Gaines is false,” aid 1 enclose
you du c ■ rl l ti ate of my ex ness, a . mol tan' vsl
character and undnuhled veracity msaus.y yon dial
Marsiuli has added fals houil to treactic y. In un>
part ol nis letter lie lakes oceaaon t > mamtesi tu
resentment toward th, friend* ol Meliiiosii, hecuils
then'. ” I tie nr.lr (may iiuhint f parti,,” then again
"thevata.il thuja uj . iL /it u>it ” and que-umis then'
right t > ,ve . iT'mis.im. to make the survey, vi hit
a d spas innate and impartial empire is this Gene
ra' ii.ii.iv; one would have suppose i that consu l
i g the uiagnanm i y of a soldier. .1" he departed
tr m lie li eof m-in antj at all tic w ould tie toumi
at llie head o' the weaker, die mnoceiu ami inju
cd party. Hut tile Gem-ial cunsuHuig the belie
pan of valor a ,d counting die odds against linn a
fifty to one, throws him.ell into the ranks of th.
stronger party and thus commends himself again t, I
you or tlie discretion which juu (md given nim in!
advance.
The General is correct in one of his p i-iiiun*
and being in the rigid home f he puts you in it:
wru g, and so conspicuously that you stand on (iu
• , C '. ' '
* insulated eminence an almost solitary advocate for
making and breaking treaties at pleasure. Gen.
i,allies says, “ tiie treaty, no matter how proem
•d, had become a law ol the land,” Sic. £*c. 11
na i said lo the council at Broken Arrow that Ui
treaty could not lie annulled, and ,;ius. be carrie
into affect, £tc. Jko. 1 his is good sense. I'liefl
oefore yesterday I received your letter, in wire
you say (Jen. (James having informed you that in
ti eaiy havi g been obtained by intrigue and ireacn
cry, it will Lie relerred to Congress for re-consid.
ration, lien. Games tell* llie Indians dial uu tie
y lias ever yet been annulled. You say Hus ire
iy siiall be made ai exception to all others; an
ipon llie inlormation received from Genera
Gaines.
(Je-neral Gain s proceeds to manifest his respec.
and c implaisance tor tile Chief alagistraie of a '
overeign stale, by infor mug linn Inal ‘ he nai i
b en greatly deceiv d by persons in whose tionm (
ie lae d r iia. cc, bu who were unworttiy ot nis |
c> h lenc.,” tnus tak.ng upon hiniseifllie respon i
s b iuy to Uecid foi lue Chief Magistraie one ol Uu 1
ilost delicate ol ul questions connected With gov |
eiTinient and sovereignty, vz: the question woo ,
are wortny ol tius,, and who among me public ser 1
wants arc or are out emit td to his confidence, i '
a little lime, sir, wuh y ,ur countenance uud en ,
courage men i, Gui Gii.es would nave dictated uu 1
ippniiilmeiits lo odice in ihiss at , ana may be, trie j
1 ast hesitancy or repugnanc, to comply with sue.,
•lie aiion, would be subdued by a parade ol Umteo
st.,its tro ipa.
Ait, r qu ui .g a maxim, that ” the King can do
0 wrong,” ami ■ xpu ialmg on the m.uul excnl
I nee ol truth, and ner indiscriminate uabi.utiun at
in ' pal. e ami me callage, 'ne pluugn a d the On
i cau or stale, wi ll die wanderers oi die wild ru s
ant Hie timest but unfortunate <i ot is, oi ,n i
. men I cannot iov hi lie oi m - u iJevstand 111
appi.Cali ui, m icu lost th; farrago w.xii ,ol(ow-. i
io ml suKie uu,.y i gardi .g iiiouey a little mure an l
i.Ulu a nt'.ie cmdiliou ol desplsaU poverty
aid luxuries ol pd iu »ered weailli, Ike. Stc. auu |
wmcb is . qualiy uuni elngioie. i
lun Game* is scarcely more disiinci a.id utleili- ,
giole wnen in passing a measure cumpliment a i
puinoii o( tiie c uzeus of Georgia, lie proteases t,' i
r,. y mi tne wiado n, i istice a d patnolisai ot a,
u-ast nine leiulis of those with Wnuin he lias toe .
pf asurc ol an acq u .nance,” many ot w.loin are
cmli ami's of the .and ; mid men again lllat *• me
.u.l.v n il's i c in : ui/cimunline ptluira of llie Um.n.
against wlncii the angry vapouviug, paper squibs
i o ihi little and tne gnat iLmuij agues of all eouml'ie
1 nay continue 1,, b lined io,' liUiidreda ot cen
I iuries “wiiuoul eiiUaugei'ing me noble edifice”
s cs.c. &t'. Ah oi wuieu may be intended io convey
. ume meaning aim a,lmu o. rea ,y explaiucfou uy
tanner I names, tmi WU 11 1 a:.»U e on, is al
t mgetuer abuve my eoinprelieusion,
a Cue General soun beeuiii.'S a utile ill ire expi.
s cu, when be says "liiere is in >a orgia u small c as
n men wti i, lute the •• Holy Alliance,” i/i uiess m
. mploy them elveo in the laudable worn ol en
n lightening and governing all Oilier classes ot ilia
t c mimuiiily, bu, whose moors consist o. vam ana
r luring • (lul ls lo prove that tne h„m oi .rum is i
I ue lound on y wuli the patsy lo Wiuen uiemse V'
- . e-j>eciiVoiy bet uiig, aii.l li at all uuiers go wro g
- I'any, Sir—An ug ii .epiesentmg '.lie gu ... |
m ill oi l'ie U.nled Slates betore mo g' V ~:.ue .1 I
ul Ge ugia, addi "ssing to tue ciuet magi.'i'.t.
i iie stale all llic.al paper, ill wii.cii dtyoan ,
i' lie stale ut parties, tue wrucr places In in -
t uie sale ol the one party, a ul fuuiiiua.es a de
.ia im a anisl llie o her, Cray, sir, suffer ihi
s ;|.K ■VI j. Gen. Gaines reee.veil sp enn ,in.ru
i nous at yuur nauJs so tu dep us turns ii, to pry i -
lo the slate ol parties, tu find ut me lelaiivv
i sir ugtu ol them, io fiiace Uunsell on the side oi
j ,ue a.ronge* gi. mg to it aid, couiitenau e mid co
- ip ran ,a id imm dus strong ml Itu i sue iuso
1 iu ana uemac agamsi the otuer, throug'u die Go
■ rnor ui tin si.ue; tuns direc ly mteniiedlmg u.
t nui local p li ,cs and availing limtself ol our u •
u»ppy divis o s o maun die exasperations u> par
->y yet more bit ter. Gen. Games ill not pe in
sus lo mistake Inin. He proc ,ih to call Hie ~ar
.1 t'Gular party to w.iidi lie ns uppos.d, die 4< one
< ri d uuigiiieiiing class;” m aiinth r place lu
i is uk. in " tue small ci iss.” - file nppnrlimiti,
, n >.eu. Games to iiitorm lumself of tiie siaie a.,
t i.u' ies m (, orgni hive been no doubt in.cn
• f ilia i nn: e, Widen have indeed b en very i,m -
ed, hu I have in i e ges, rat y heard fr m m ..
belter infaisnen dial t i relative sticng li ul pai
i . s was s.n .ewhat d.lf tent tisun Hu. General's
s Hint e oi u ; lie s.a ms tu liuve adopted lie sa y.e
i.do o. e .uni r'. under the same opucal vlelu
“ni ai m i asur.ng die sirengin ot tbe Indian
, arues to ..ave ui, ived at the Very grainyi. g c jii
clusion teat me uiuiencai st.'e g Ii was in the pm
(jortioii > f id to I—undoubtedly a very incorrect
s at.einent.
fins liiccr took umbrage at my request to per
nit the Commissioners n the part ol ttie Sta.e
. i act in Irn ndly couc ti with him in making Ins
investigations for the discovery of truth ; way he 1
ddso I cannot conjt cture. I his however was 1
laved hy without notice, as was Ins subs que a 1
refusal to admit them to a participate i ot the '
(Jouncils ui matters involving interests ol Georgia, a
His indiscretion in declaring betore tue Council
n Bt' -keii Ar ow, tliat if tne mgregated world
were lo contradict tne Chief Yob to, ne would
n.l believe it. ha - b n nl; ady noticed in llie let- a
ler wnicli 1 last had .he lion ir lo addiess to you '•
it is upon the authority of this Chief, ul Hambly «
- epresented to be one of the most infant us o
men and of the Ag at ol l .dian affairs, that you
have com • lo tin c uciusioii to return the treaty '
to C mgr. ss or revision, it having been procured v
by intrigue and treach ry
Gen. Games is rep. Tied to me to have said iu ‘
he presence of one oi ttie Conimissioticrs on the. t
P>rt ol me State Hint il twenty three stales out ot
wenty four were in pronounce tue Agent gudiy 11
he w uld not i),li ve tiietn. u
G. n. Gam s .as oee.i g lilty of the cliialisn in- •
disc elion nl ihreatening .o cut ■ If the heads or s
ais nl citize is ot Ge rgia wim Happened to ol a
lend him, as it you had g.v.n hi n ms sword tor
t is special service. Uu indeed ir, it is tugii (•
l.me to dismiss the subject of this otlicer.
In iiiaiiitaiinng correspond'' ice with tiie gov (
eminent of the U St«u», 1 have nut permitted a
■•ny false considerations ot dignity or any false ts
t mute ol forms and c. mines which umaih 1>
govern diplomatic uu, re urse between States to *
interpose the least difficulty ; so far from it i 11
, uve cheerfully descended-to me level .1 every
lung which it pi. as d you m i m iloy ut any turn
y o.ir Ueprts n.auve or organ, from the Clerk* h
it y mr bure.ms, up to y our Major General by f
Brevet, and liuve acted and uvaled liitin a d
equals. j
In the deportment of some of these 1 1 ave ex
[> nenced arroga ice, sell suti cieney, a bang it\
and conlemp u JUS carnage, n .d a most msuiliiig
n ei lerence with our toe d politics, and Hk*'. I >
characteristics not exh bited to one but to all ,
. tne c mslituled a ithoiilica . | th. S'ate. Now sir ’>
lUller nie in e mcliMuu to ask if tnese tilings '
.ave been d >ne in virtue of your instrnc.io is t >
iiitcss dor implied or by authority ot any warran i
It mi you whatsoever, and if nni s done, whctli ■; j
j you will sanction and adopt ii ■ii asy. ur nui a .
i has hold yoursdi resp msiale to tiie gayer
neiit of Georgia. i
He per ii iced sir, that whenever hereafter you
shall think proper, not deceiving yuurse.ves ui
us, to send gentlemen to represent you before
us government of the character given to trios.
iy the letter ot the Secretary of War, of the 18i
'lay, they will be received and respected as oih
e;i s of the t,enerul G ivermnent would be by
e most Ir.endiy States of the Union.
With great consideration.
G. M. TUOUP.
t'he President of the United Stales,
CEK TIKIC ATE.
I was einjiluyed by hi. Exoullency Governor Troup, as bear
• r ot an express lo Gen. «v u. Mclntosh, requesting Ins assent,
.uni that ol the chiefs, lo the survey of the land by Georgia,
. Ilely ceded at the Indian Springs. After proceeding into the
> alion, Joseph Marginal! and vV’illiain Edwards accompanied
me lo Mclntosh s house. Alter delivering tue express lo Mo
lolosh J was informed by Melnlosh that fie fiad called a meet
ing ol the chiefs on the following Sunday, which was the 10th
ol April, Marshall and Edwards were both present when llm
conversation look place. M informed me, (acting as In
terpreter,) that when the duels were convened and their wish
es consulted, that General Mclntosh would advise the Gover
nor of it ; and observed lo me in the presence ol Mclntosh, that
lie himself had no objection to the survey of tue land, and that
it would be an advantage lo the Indians for the land to be sur
veyed lor they could then dispose ol a great deal ol their pro
visions to them, and that alter 'he present crop was made, they
could sell out their improvements and be ready next spring lo
set out to the new country. Marshall informed me at the tune,
that Mi Intosn requested him lo slay to .he talk, but he said il
was not necessary, a# his consent was then given.
Marshall and Edwards and myself set off together, and se
veral times during our journey, Marshall Manifested his entire
approbation of the measure of survey mg the land, and uoserved
that he had no douot, but Inal the chieis would assent 10 the
survey when they met, which would be on in- iUlh ol .vpnl.
JES6EE IMtUS.'sEK.
J\l lUeUgcViUe, 2d Jiu g. 1U25.
Governor Troup to the President,
Kx .ciriiVK Ukl-au . muxt, ?
Jlfil'edtjLvide, -oi/i duty, id2o. 5
bm—ln cutiiiiiu ic.i. gme report ot the Gom
mr-sioncr-. o i.,e b‘4 e, appoint' d under resoiu
■ ai, j. me L gid-ilure, to take teotiinony m iU<
nsc ot t ,c .»g it t. r Indian Affairs, and to in
veiitigaie ill ,-auses ot the late ms, urbaucea i
t >e Creek N-lion, it ungiit be more sausiacior.
>i you o receive il Without Comment. The re
put may mdee.. be said lo carry .viib it n, owi.
c iiiirtienlaiy ; nevertheless a few remarks el ic.
dalory oi cer-ain pails oi it not easily understo ti
oy persons removed iioin me scene oi actio. ,
may not be deemed objectionuoie.
I tlimk ironi ine conical oi die report, but oik
mipreosi m will be inode upon every lair and uu
> asjed ininu—lliat wlialcver may nave been ti.
motives winch governed the conduct ot it n
s ellts on the part ot Hie United Slates in uak; >;
■ e late investigations in tlie Nation, ibe u->ut,
’■ diosc invesiiguions have been snmi as to wur
ranl a b die! mat if the motives bad iota tin
oppress, ,n, and not the deve'opctru ,k oi nun
i other resuii* cimd have followed. — fne re
o-ai ol itac Missionaries (after much ot paltering
and prevarication) to verny tljeir ststem s t
lain or allinnation, , ie more re, ,m ■ ,
it is be.ieved that , ■ same in - ■ in. ■ mi
Id or 2b months ig , w qui .o suto
crioe a pupn at in,, a 1 a cia .4 a
.gainst iii - ■...,. v »uic.i Ms ,ve b ensui
ncten, to re uof '. afr ■ a.,,, which itiey
wont hav.; sot •> .*.?•' o. .heir alts —Now
• |l ' g oi e.i.g ou> etl of in n
-i , , rried into elfea, they
"" kv - ’ m th me Agent, to rupture
I ,i wear or amrra to noilinig
, “I' i terror of Lewis induced by
-I Hie friends of me Agent, aim
mined ii in to withhold his testimony
vemuai llig.it to avoid giving it, a.lcr
res had h en taken to coerce him will uc
.clem perhaps to satisfy you how very man
,nci .us to me views ol the Commissioners was
t ,e s.ule ol things prevailing ill .he nation. —The
me hope of brcaamg die treaty, and of minr
cnnmg t-icir looting there united one and ail ol
inem, tlie red man, and the white man, the Christ
ian and .lie Heathen, in a common bond of in
- res,, and a common course oi action.
Ihe examination of llantbly, die Inlerpretei
md confidential Inend oi tue Agent, lormally re
por'ed to you by your own Commissioners as a
h'Se and unaordly teli ;w, was distingu shed tnr
ns irregularity,—Tlie object of that exa nnatio
■vas to lay a broad foundation lor tne rupture o,
the treaty, by sb wing it to be the offspring u.
oribery and corruption, and tlie most enormously
totted c mlnvunces, and lo traduce the cba.a
'■r.-ianddts redit the testimony ot some of tne
nos. respectable men amo ,g us. How bad in is
mat cause be wb cli would employ such an instru
■ n n to accomplish sucu a purpose.
Wnen Y diolo, a principal chief in the council,
lude a talk derailing circumnances connected
with tne late negotiations at the Indian Springs
oi. Wd .ainson, one of Hie Commissioners, wno
vas present and who bud a.,so been a close ob
■erver of occurrences at tlie Springs—.aid m
Gen. Games tuat be know of Ins own knowledge
lie statements ol Yoa ilo lo be fal-e, the General
isw .red that lie would not beiieve the cungre
gated world it i. were to say so. Now you wit
lave an opportunity of seeing that these stare
uitdts of tlie India i chief are in direct cuntradic
Hun to the statements of the Commissioners o
die United Stales and their Secretary, ol Cot
»Villiamion himself, of all the Inendly chiefs
a d ol every respect ble whiteman who was pre
s lit at the indu.li springs.
Ine retusal ot General Gaines to permit a se
i rate exammat.un ol tlie ciiiefs in his presence,
as the only inode of cxlrac mg tlie truth, and al
ter Having more tba . once promised it, is as un
accountable as it was unexpected.
it is understo,id ilia tlie Indians could produce
i i law authorizing the execution ol Mclntosi .
Vet Gen. Games must have taken lor granted th..
existence of such a law, lor lie passes by tlie
murder as justifiable homicide.— the wtiole bo
dy n| evidence as you will see completely dis
proves tne existence of the law.
Idle reiusal of Gen. Games to admit the Com
missioners ..I Georgia as such, lo a participation
of t ie Indian councils in all matters touching the
-Uteresis of Georgia, was a Wrong done lo the
state, and an indignity offered lo its constituted
authorities,
Idie interdict put upon onr Commissioners by
Gen. Gaines to announce to me Inuians accord
ig to their ms ructions the resolution ot tins
Government to make the survey, and to repre
s in lo them l ie harmiessness and innocency ol
he act, whilst the General announced the reso
lution of ins own Government to pr vent, it Wus
* lurther wrong done tne .-date and a disrespect
manifested of the authority wlnca gave that in
rue.io i.
A gentleman of dear intellect, pu e morals,
honorable character, and g.eal prudence, is se
i- ci d by die G .vernor to hold a aik with the In
duo- —He performs tba duty -—makes his report,
and that report is a nee discredited on the nak
d word d the Indians.
General Mc.ntosii ur tes three several let ers
0t *e Governor, stioscrib ,d by ms jwj proper
hand, giving bis aig.nl m .he survey of tne coun
.»• , lie friendly duets, d i-half iuc tided, r--
p. ate iiy assure the G vernor that th y, me and
1 , consent to the survey. —A certificate is ob
; uned iro.ii mis sane dar-natl, an t a wimcmaii
to prove tba General Mclntosh relused his as
ent Gen. Games .mule uaieiy con.es to the
conclusion that bis assent was ii. v r given,
fne adm.ssion of Ire emt uumcation with th.
I idians to every other description ot net's m
and the denial ot it to the tacorgi i C>m utsstoo
ers, was a Isrther wrung done lo Gcoi'gia.
e Indeed sir, it would appear from the reports of
. the Commissioners that all or any description ol
estimony would be willingly received on the one
I s.de, and particularly that description of it which
y would exculpate the Agent—excuse tlie hostile
Indians, prevent the survey of the land, or effect
the abrogation of the treaty—and that on the o
thcr side, every thing was to be discredited or
received at best, with many grains of allowance,
and every act or proceeding of the Commission
ers of me United Slates, or of the consaluteu
r t -minorities ot the slate, resolved into corruption
and depravity.
" When Gen. Gaines states in one of his letters
m the Governor that the hostile party ou.num
i i red the Iriendly, in the proportion of some
ti tiling nke fifty to one, it is not ea>y to under
land him —lt it be true as tlie General seems to
. believe that lie lias pacified and reconciled the
1 wo parties, there is no longer any Mclntosli par
‘J y.— Hut il the General means there was any
r- -ucli disproportion between die strength ol th.
>- parties, wlinsi Mclntosh lived lie is widely mis-
ken. It Mclntosii Had survived to lus moment,
s , the probability is his party would have been
it sir.mgesi.
Suffer me to add a few particulars which mike
the condition of tlie friendly parly, most pitiable.
■I Independently of no atonement being olfered lor
1C me blood of Mclntosh, the money according to
me c instruction ot the treaty is taken from the
pockets of the wives, children, brothers an.,
friends of Mclntosh, and paid over to tlie hostile
chiefs, who murdered nim contrary to every
principle oi justice and stipulation ot treaty, as
if you intended it as the reward of gallant and
meritorious acts commanded by yourselves. And
this the Iriendly chiefs cannot bu f feel most deep
y. Nobody acquainted with Indian charac
. ter can ever believe that im Ga nes wit
make either a sale or per ant. p i,;.i cation tin
. ii - the offering of blood ft, blood, has ( tilled die
. law and the usage of the country,—An ‘•"heme
, -.il peace nuy be utched up by mroe o; *ace,
hut ephemeral .-I be, making in ti ,id tne
i catastrophe tl n ~-e bloody.
t had wmt n you of a certain persontage of the j
State 'if • Carolina having intermeddled in ,
. tms ma . ordi,,g t*. imormation, commant- (
- cite : i .1 submit.ed to you ; there is a
i«ig ctia < nr ho,alive ciicutuslances as 1
you will see, to establish* the (acts there alledgeu
ii i ranniiig (hr the entire ma>s of evidence,
t’he obj ci ■ njoubtedly was the annutlmeiu ol
. tne treity.
tv 1 ,,.,- t. .every or sally may suggest with
if s o disannull the tteaiy, will ol conrse
1 ‘ceded at Washington, but indeed sir, I ve
mtiuli d„uut, unless you bate 1 ,oked with a
ci niziog eye to the history of this in tier,
f runner some ol the self interested oppugoers
'• the treaty' may not leid you into error. Tile
. idea ilnt tlie maj nity ol the enure Greek nation
b is alone competent to make a treaty, is tiie most
fallacious that c mid be entertained ; it is so tar
! rorn true in the general that unless by merest ac
i/ ctdi nt it never happens lo be true in any paruen
1 l<r You have only to turn to the no es of Uoi.
( lawkins, whose authoriiy you cannot dispute, io
2 >e satisfi U ihit acc ird ~g to tne law., and us.
. ges of tne nation tne m ist important pubi c at
( a.rs involving vital intere-ls are determined nm
a iy a tn.ij arity but by a minority and frequentt;
very small minority of the na ion. lu tlie whole
, onrsa ot Itis long residence ammg them, be ne
- ver knew even the most popular war concurred
, in by a majority and all authorities, and alt cu
i, !',m will prove to you that with regard lo to
most important of their national acts, having re
- lation either to peace or war, Uoweta must take
1 me lead. If a treaty be signed by the Cnufs id
. hiweta it is considered good—if not sig ed by
. them, good for nothing, Georgia was settled in
12—lu ’-13 or ’34 the first trea:y with the Creek
i was held, then 1 think in ’36 and again in '39
toe Uowetus are always foremost. TiuirUoun
~ oils are almost invariably hulden on the (Jowet.
r ground, and Gen, Oglethorpe paid them his fus
visit there. Hence it is stated in the evidence
itat Mcluto h had the power to sell the who.
, e uintry, and hence the great efforts made to pre
vail on the old Coweta Chief, U omne I’usten
uuggee not to sell the country —efforts wh.cit
ucceeded at Hrokeu Arrow ; but this old and tli
'..ted Chieftain came to me afterwards, as you
read in the documents, to ssy he had been de
ceived by the bad white men and wus opposed io
, sa le at Broken Arrow, l» it then his eyes w.-re :
i ipened, and he would follow the advice of his i
Father the President, and sed the ia ids. ,
Having made this recapitulation and commen
tiry, permit ms to subjoin that for the gratifies
turn ot a few mercenary and sordid characters in
. the Indian country, you threaten the m st fl.
1 grant injustice to Georgia, lu tlie country to i,t
surveyed within the limits of Georgia, none i.r ,
very few ot tlie hostile party reside, and every
. one of the opposite party seek tlie survey as « '
measure of convenience and interest. The stir
, vey will in the fi'st instance extend no farther
i West titan the Chaiahoochie, the act of the i. -
g, slat it re leaving it discretio ary with tlie G iv
ernor to run to tliat river before tlie boundary '
line between Georgia and Alabama shall have 1
. b en ascertained. Having correspond d with tin l
, Governor of Alabama upon this subject am! re- ,
. cstved his assurance that the Legislature of thai '
. S ate will immediately on its meeting in Novem
ber, cordially co-operate with Georgia in running 1
tile line, and there being difficuliy in ascertaining I
the precise point at which that line will cam
me nee ; tlie running is postponed lo meet the ,
wishes and expectations of the Slate of A'aba.oa.
Fite evidence wh cli remains to be taken by 1
the Commissioners will be forwarded as soon as I
received. |
Very Respectfully, G. M. TROUP. ,
/Vie President of the United States
congressional'. 1
Remarks of the Honorable N. Macon from 1
North-Carolina on the third reading of the ‘
bill to authorize on the part of the United 1
States, tlie subscription of fifteen hundred ’
shares of the capital stock of the Chesa- 1
peake and Delaware Canal.
In the Senate of the United States, February 24, 1825. I
Mr. Macon, of North Carolina, said he rose i
with a full heart, to take his last farewell of i
an ohl friend that he had always admired and
loved—he meant the constitution of the Uni
ted States. On this occasion, he said he had
experienced difficulty in expressing his feel
ings. Perhaps old people thought more of what
look place when tiiey were young than of the
occurrences ol after times, but in times of old
whenever any question touching tlie constitu
tion was brought forward, it was discuss, d
•lay after day; that time was not passed.
Gentlemen say it is not necessary nor to en
ter into the constitutional question on the
measure. The first time he had ever known
them refuse to discuss the constitutional ques
tion, in\ olved by a proposition, was, when tlie
ict was passed incorporating the present
oank of thirty-five millions; from that time
the constitution had been asleep.
Every scheme that was proposed was with
a view of tying the people together. The late
Bank of the United States was to give them a
currency alike throughout all the states. It
was said at the time, that this was impossible,
the friends of the Bank insisted they could
do it; but, had they done it f Then they got
into a system of manufacturing, and every
body was to get rich by it.—The next thing
was the system of a great navy and fortifica
tions, which was to make them one people
from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains,
from the Bay ofPassamaquoddy to Florida;
but, had it done so ? And now the people
were to be tied together by roads and canals.
He thought the plan of the gentleman from
Maryland (Mr. Smith,) was as wise a one as
ever was devised to add power to the gov
ernment. Do a little now and a little then,
and, by and by, they would render this gov
ernment as powerful and unlimited as the
British Government was. We go on decid
ing on these things, said Mr. M. without
looking at the constitution, and I suppose we
will, in a few years, do as was done in Eng
lai d—we shall appointa commute to hunt for
precedents. My heart is full when I think of
all this; and what is to become of us 1 cannot
say.^
This government was intended to be a lim
ited one, its great objects were war and
peace, and now we are endeavoring to prove
that these measures are necessary, both as
war and as peace measures.
Mr. M. said, he would beg leave to call
the attention of the senate to a celebrated re
port made in Virginia in 1799, for a true ex
position of the constitutional powers of this
government. If there was reason to be alarm
ed at the gt owing power of the general gov
ernment, how much more has taken place
since? Congress now stopped almost at noth
ing, which it deemed expedient to be done,
and the construction was construed to give
power for any grand scheme. This change
was brought about little by little; so much
had never been attempted at one time as
would agitate the people. Compare these
things with those which had, in old times,
been done under the constitution, and the
change would be found to be most astonish
ing Fne end of them all would be, in the
vulgar tongue, taxation.
He had before expressed his belief that
the public debt would never be paid oft".
They were following Great Bdtain, step by
step, and the final result would be, they
would cease to look to the debt itself, but
think only of the interest. The history of
the British Government would prove that
every war had increased the public debt,
and added to the burthens of the people ;
and what was the result in America ? At
the time of the Revolution, the war pro
duced eighty-four millions of funded debt ;
this was only increased to ninety millions,
and instead of paying it, they were follow
ing the example of Great Britain, and lurn
ing it into 4* per cent stock, which, like
the 3 percent stock, no one would buy at par.
Mr. M. said, he was against this govern
ment connecting itself witli any company.
He would have it get clear of the Bank of
the United States. Let it appoint no offi
cer, and if it cannot dispose of its stock on
good terms let it get rid of it at any rate.
His idea of internal improvement in this
country was, to take from the people all
unnecessary burthens. Let them have plen
ty (d wholesome food and good clothing,
and he doubted not they would continue to
raise boys and girls who would become men
and women. These were the sorts of in
ternal improvements he desired to see. It
was in vain to talk of any other internal
improvements strengthening the country,
when there was ninety millions of public
debt, and above a hundred of private debt
owing. Much of the latter, indeed, was
culled accommodating paper, but he knew
it was false.
fiiese schemes, he thought, were mon
strous strides, considering the character of
the government. The gentleman from Ma
ryland (Mr. Smith,) was for laying the con
stitution aside on this bill, but that was no
thing new in that gentleman, for he had
constantly pursued that plan ever since he
had known him.
Mr. M. was afraid they were going to
follow the system recommended by a mem
ber of a certain foreign legislature. When
he was asked what measures he would adopt
to make the people peaceable and submis
sive, he replied, “tax them heavily, and
collect it rigidly ; give them enough to do,
and they would never plague the govern
ment.” This was the practice in Europe,
and it had succeeded very well. Ao to the
meaning of the Constitution, Mr. M. said,
those who composed the convention that
loimed it, certainly must have known what
they intended, and all the writers of the
day referred to no power of this kind ; but
it seemed the people of the present day un
iderstood what the framers of the constitu
tion intended better than they did them
se»ves. He could give no other names to
his feelings than fears. It was true, he had
no fears tor his personal liberty, but he fear
|ed his descendants would be taxed up to
the nose, so that if they got breath, it would
be as much as they could do. The counlrv
now was not in a situation to pay direct tax
es. In time of war, there was 15 per cent
difference in the taxes of the different
btaws; hut the same thing would not be
suffered now. He was certain the govern
ment could neither lay them nor collect
them at this time. His fears might be
groundless they might be nothing but the
sugg stmns of a worn-out old man, but they
were sincere, and he was alarmed for the
safety ol this government.