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ABSTRACT OF THE IHOORAPHi
OF STEPHEN Q 111 A HI).
Stephen Guard was born in die vicinity
c! U ndc ux, Fi ance, ou May 24, 1750, and
inhibited from his parents nothing, save the
cm non t»a -» of exis'ence II > receive !
bat : s in eI anil narrow education—a nr
comstance to which I is anxi iy to remove
this difficulty from the pi'hsot others. m y
perhaps be ascribed. At the early ago of LG ,
or 12 years, he left France f n the West i
Indies, as a cabin b i ; ai d after a short ,
lapse of time, we trace him along Ina "bscure
i.nd humble path to the ciiy of Now-York.
H o e lie co tinui’d o sail a* a cabin boy and
np; r.'iricc for Mr, J unes llmdall, to whom
a -activity and fidelity g ettly cndearedl
and giadu-illy rising in his profession,
v v hen Mi. Rand ill discontinued going to sea,,
a was promoted to the command of a small!
v ,ss 1 trading to N-w 0 leans. In all these
conditions he slowly accumulated lus small
g'ine—and the money winch once bee me
hi 8, not only never left him, but by Ins ac
tivity and i .das ry was niide parlific to an
extent ami'St unparalleled In ihs trifling
fdve itureg which at this time he was ena
Led 'o make, lie was uniformly successful, |
4 d so convinced was he ul his lucky Star, j
th t he never conceived the probib my ulj
fflisfortooe, ami seldom by insurance ori|
Otherwise, lessened his gams to reodei them ,
ce i . In the ye r 17d9, he first visied >
Philadelphia, where he e»l blished himself in
bu i' jfS' to W m i-street, & was even then i
repu ml a thriving man. lie here became IJ
acq i imp d wi h Mis- Polly Lum, who, tho’ j
humble i i life, is represented by a reminis-h
cent f lend of ours, who knew her iniimiie- i
Jy, as by no means d-slilu'e eitli r of p r ,
sonal o me ital atnacione. H r charm i
attracting the ass c i >ns of the ascent vota- |
ry ol P aius le married her. the maloti, i
however, was unfortunate. The temper id i
Guard wa» severe ami na able, and but li:- j
tie open to those gentle irnsibilities n qui
lite l ui felicity m ihe m.nied s ale. Tney
frequently dift’ired, soraelimea as it woulo
seem from jial usy. During the revolution
ary war, seveial ‘{ficem of 'ho Americai
army left thee imp to ace "Guam’s hand
Some wife,” and drink some of his cider, fm
he never despised nor pas-.ed an oppnr mu
ty of turning a penny, and among Ins vari
ous expedien », (he sale of bi tied liq i.i
v/is one. While Guard’s bmk was lurncd,
one of them clVed, per nips by the liq-ioi
unit iliinking that the cherry lips of the piet
ly Polly deserved a more devout homage
than Girard was willing to pay, wa'ched in
opportunity, & nodi mg n*.h, giv tier several
win in and living t lutes. I’tie outraged
da me informed her ho .band of th.a iosut ;
and Gna iis s.dd to have demanded an i
apology, which ihe g-ntlhmin ol c> urse .
nude, pleading the hilin y ot the jnoment. ,
Sui h circums a> c's, however infii g. when t
frequent, chtiot but excite some alaim with i
a husband conscious d the p ss ssi >o ol no |
charm, bulily or m total, outside his money
chest. »v hei GiTard hid childien, none ol ,
whom, howevei su.viv dtheir infancy. Th y
lived veiy uohappi'y t« go,th r until 179-h ]
when his wife was p aced ."i the I*. nu«yi
Varna Hospital . lunatic, Hoc remained in
that instnu ton u nil her death, which link
p'ace in 1815, 25 years alter h r confine
meat, His biographer, Mr. Simpson, thus
describes her brutal i
As soon as Giraid was informed of the <
dcstli ol his wife he proceeded to the h ispit-j
«1, and give directions to have hi r b.r iy in |
terreJ, where it now repose-; icquesting to
be sent lor ivlrn every pivpaia ion foi the
burial had been completed. Towards t.he
close of he cLy, after the sen had wi hdrawu
his las' b onus from the sycamore that shades
the gtrdeu, M .G 'linl v/a* ml he; nid
when he arrived, the plain c ffi iol Mary
Lum was carried for.v.rd to her humble
testing place, in profound silence, the
burial was conducted as er the manner of
the Friands, who have the management of
the I list) u i ioit. After a silence of a few
minu es, the coflin wbb loweted into the
grave when another silent pause ensued
Girard then boot over the c fS,u anil bi-Aiow
d n last look upon his deceased wile, fore
tniuut'j then leaving the grave, observed to
Samuel Coats—"Si is veiy well;” and iin -
mediately returned home.
In 1782, hs look a lease fur ten years oil
s range ol stores and dwellings in Water
street, n >rth of the house in which he died
H ' entered about this time in partnership
wi h his brother John, who had arrived in
this city, asd hey cam cl n business suc
cessfully, trading to th • AVest 1 nlica, un
til 1809 when. i » consrouence of some dro
rtgi cineiit they aepiiated. At this time
blephen Girard was worth only g3O 000,
*o gradual was his ascent to fortune. As er
this his career in the race of wealth be
cam# more nipi I, rv-ry thing he touched
turned into gold His en’erpiise was al
tviyi cowced with success, and his saga
:ny and intlust y setmed even surpassid
ay his good fortune. Ho s ill continued in
the West India trade, particularly to S ,
Dttningn, in which he had tv.o vessels; nil
which ton incecl to b, more pn able Ir n
Lay to diy until the fir- ukn g >ut of ihe in
surrection of *h? negroes b t that island ; at
which time he had a brig and a schr, at Capr
Fr&ncaise- In the panic and honor of thi
moment, numbets rushe I to he ships in tin
harbor, to deposit their m st valuable pro
per y, and returning, met an unespectei
doom from the hand -of (heir slaves. I
this manner, the most p eci us valuable
were deposited in ,his vesseU, whose pro
prieters and heirs werfe cu’ oil’ by the rutli
sword I f n';i :?■ The rhiju* oth
harbor hastened their departure, and much
of ha unclaimed and heirless property just-i
ly fell to the lot ol the. owners. Giraid re
ceived a large acceacion to his wealth by
this tariff scnoige ol the planters of S . Do-j
miog i All heirship, was swepi away, in
toe to 8.1 extinguishment of entire families,
and the mutt extensive adver ising tailed
to produce a legal c annan' to the property!
’bus poured into his lap. Und *r these cir j
cumstmees, it w,i- jusMy, though for»unate- i
ly acq tired ; and though thousands might!
envy him, none were found to condemn him !
His fortune still continuii g to swell, mi
1791, he commenced building those fine
ships, the pride-of American artists, which
gained foi him and for the ship builders of’
jthe country, so great a repu a ion. In the
.Spring of 1812, he cstabduhed his Uuk:
jhe.commenced with a capital of one inillio„|
|i wo hundred thousand dollars. For the re-|
dneed price of 120 000 he purchased t h<■ (
Untied .States lln.k, and die .cashiei’-.
house ; and as the Hoi k of ih“ U S. <ie
[l 'st'ed all i's funds, (iinouiitii g ir. not less
thin five millions) jn nis vaults, he cam
me- c (1 business with the ft mest creilii, tk
under the bst auspices. t his institution J
he pur’posed at Ihe time in king peipetuJ; «
sch me impracticable and vi lunary, and!
|whci he afterwi dj gave up. His Hank
[however, flouri-he.l with unshaken credit
until hia dea h. It was the peculiar chir.ic
teiiß'i'. of (iinrd, to make eveiy tiling a
round him produc.iue .So powerful was tins
passion, that li ■ said it was ridiculous to
plant a tr e that w uhl not bear fruit. Ere-,
ry dollar, in acc-rdance witi His system'
was k-pt in ciiculatton. Producing in t■ • i»,
manner, one h h vest upon another, his wealth i
at length swelled to the enermuar a
m util of 'en millions—a s U ni almost suf
ficiem 'o buy the s ate and certainly enough
to product acc ; cling to his own <«vortle
maxim, il'epplied as directed in his wid, a!
gee iter am milt of good than any o ne man,'
Washington c xct pted, has ever cuufened
op m his cou my.
Go aid wasp cularly fortunate in possess-'
mg a fi ame s .lliciently vigorous and aardy
to sustain h 'bits of life. H • was v -nlom o.
never a ck, and considered himself fully
oli quale to the tack loi prescr b. g for him
I'ns was peroaps the result ol hi, tem
l»eiu'' fit, r gulait(pi ale of li vi > g; ne»i r eating'
ttiinal food, ai d di i king no Inng but watei,
ur weak cla e . li ha wint rol 1831 It j
•'as, however, attacked with the vnu enl in*
llu ii then prevalent. With his eharac
eris ic obs inacy mil reliance mi himsell
he repelled th • rente lies of his p ivsicians,
ibd on the 2(i li of December, 1831 ~he tie*'
parted this life. He died, guys Ins blogr i j
~h r, in the eighty-second year of hi* ag ,!
in Ihe third gtoiy <1 his mansion in W. er- "
si. unstirrounded by Ihe spier, dor and pomp
ol itches, dep rling Imin the world ae lie
tiitti i into it—naked ; and leaving his i-m ji
infuse wealth for the benefit «l the poor and ’
public; departing like a faithful steward ofll
nc comiiiuni y, after having te tied hts'<
estate to the satisfaction of all parties. jf
• | I
RECOLLECT IONS OF A TEN YEARS* 1
RESIDENCE IN CHINA. (
i
HtS IMPERIAL MAJESTY. 1
Many w II known and, indeed, esteemed 1
writers have etid, thai there was no'htog ol '
the characti r of despotism about the Cliioese 1
Government ; but they have wrmen in total (
jignoranc- of the Let. The Sovereign ol 1
jthis immense empire is its uncou foiled 1
lord and master, ami *ulj . c t to no law but .<
the dictate oThis own g,„„l pleasure. liis['
Uivil Inst is swelled with whatever items)
i stravagance, caprice, or passion, may call 1
tor ; and whether it be pemje or war, pat don 1
or punishmiai, his any counstlior is his,
lowa wayw.ardnes , I'o be sure, there is' 1
0 ie cunfi ie, beyond which n is perilous fm
him to s . his loot , I ha' of >he ancient cus j
toms and us.ig-s which the subjugated Chi '
ne-e has been soffered to retain by his
Tartar c nqoerer. His lord dare not trench
upon (hem, excepting at the risk of calling
down maledic ions on his head, and escii-,
mg commotion*, which are not to be quieted'
i'Ui a the cost of-torrents of human blood.
The crown is hereditary in the re'g dug
y but the h veieign miy designa e
■ whomsoever it ph’aseih him amongst his;
hnale ollspiii g, as his sot c ssor. It i» re-i
qoired of him as soon as he has mounted the
krone, to i • c->rd his resolve in this respect,
by.will ; and 'he deed, abei being carefully
folded under covers and sealed, is deposit [
ed with gre.l solemnly in a hall in the'
p'Lee, se aparl (or he purpise, which re
in .in ciosed un'il the monarch “sleeps wiih
‘hi f.i hers ” It one of his sons chance to
.(•lie b efore Ivin, he make* a n>w will, in or
1 der ic bewilder me mind* with conjecture
duM g his life line, and prevent any one
l)*d Ins sum fr .in forming a party againbt
him with a male nteiv k ud of g'a.idees.
Thu ministhy and cc yor.
1 The pn cipal orgms of the Imperial be
ojlvst. «ie four prime. ministers, called the
J'a son. Their tn ster relecs them from
d amongst those of ms in files whom he con
-0 ceives to be Ihe mos' attached io him or.
- n the language „d the cuntrv, «• those, by
it u hom he doss not stand in fen of brin
f p nsmed.’* No patent or im morial can br
ie piesented to him, nor can hi.y subj c! wtiai
ii evi r be brouglit b fore l im vmhoui it p ss
1 s through the min sei s’ hands. -Ti e s-ve
•ii ril blanches of administration are pontine*
It t 'CEitain tiihunaU or dr pertinents, at thi
•>,. head of each ol which is a president, wh
o i link* next in precedei ce to the prime
h nioHteis. There me six i f these depart
he meets, ? a first far •• Auoals of (he £m
pire,” the itcond for " Account* and Fi- '
(nances,” the third for “ Religious Hi'e- &,
(Ceremonies ” she founh fur “ War,” the ;
sis h for “ J u slice.” and the sixh for " The 1
;A is and Sciences j” and these constitute '
'the source from which all provincial ap
pointments flow.—At the head of the latter, ‘
stands the Vice-rys and Lieutenants of '
provinces, who exercise, the power of life' 1
jaud death over every individual below them, ■
save and except the Mandarin 5 and neat' 1
come the Treasurer, who is the Accountant ’
and Tax-gatherer-general of the province,l l
lire Sup Tin endant of the sale of salt and' l
iron, both which articles are aG vejnmentl l
monopoly, the Comp rofler-nf the Domains,!
and theJudgca in civil matters, These of d
fi eri ate succeeded by the puisne Judges *
Supeririteiidanls of police, Inspire ors of 1
,Vic ual s, Directors of Seminaries, &c The 1
(mandarin, either of the i tiered or military *
ulass, is alone en it led to fill these stations, 1
hut the litter gade are tfie most frequent 1
occupan'a, and i is a common tiling to find
hem discharging dudes, whirk jpem toJ
c me peculiarly within the province of iheirj*
lettered brethren. The dts inctive maik lor *
;ail ranks and classes bull civil and mili.a (
j'v, is the button on their ou waid gat merit, •
which 13 of every imaginaiy form a.,d col- '
otr. 'l'here -are other decorations for ihe [
pet son, such as peacocks’ fe.thers, chains 1
f r the neck, harmonising wi.h the bu'lon,- 1
escutcheons embroidered with the fiu-ures of !
animals, and worn on the breast or back,1 1
& c > all these designm-e the rank of he func '
tiona.y, and they are fuquently multipliedP
'to so profuse an eiten', that a Mandarin of' l
fi s class, in l.i“ g1 la dress, m y be seen
(positively covered with them from head to 1
foot. 1
A OKRAT MAN’* HOUSE.
residence of a rich Chun so, conaisis \
,of a range of b tiiding- on the one fl mr, coin- ‘
municaiing wi 1, each o-ha- by means of a '
peifeet labyrin hos passage-., couite, and' (
corritkurs. The mam building contains a:
Inigo Salhoa for receiving public visitors and,
'giYing/deay the apartm-nis adjoii ing it ate '
of sin itlei dimensions, and reserved tor ihe 1
•use of the owner, who changes from one to'j
the other at certain hours of the day, or cer-['
tain seasons of h- year; in the rear of ihes. |;
TP trttnenls at e bed-chambers, which have no |
aperture whatever in them beyond an es
11 tin !y narrow door. 1 here are no win-I
j<l..\vs in the rooms which are in daily u»f; I
three of their sides are entirely closed, and,
I the four h. which looks upon the court or)'
garden, is thrown comple'<Ty open in sum '!,
met. arid is but badly d. fended against the ~
c "Id in viator, be in aris of a buuboo irel
Tice• work, the imereg ices of which are fill- (
ed up wi h oysmr-she I Is, cut very ihi-i, and e
'hiliinttiog but a scanty p„ r i„ n of ligh . o,|
toe HOOI of ev.-iy room, whether tor show or
j use, stands a narrow table, somewhat raised ‘
i i shape like an altar table, and on this the
no. ge of the favour, d Jiv.nity is display; ' B
hi In r the m ster of the house brn gs his J
daily offerings of pei fames, flowers, fruit, 5
In f ont c) this altar is a canopy, Ihe 5
base ot wh ch isolevred about a foot above e
the fl a) ; 1 is of finely polished wood; de v
C iraied wi h minors or maib-e, and provid
ed with O toman and pillows; ihe one for 1
icsii g a book or cup of te 1 up 0, and ihe
others for the c mvenience of reclining. I, '
ones not afl id uccon modation (01 more?
than two persons, as -hree individuals of e f
quid rank seldom join company; they sit, as ®
<ei the luikish fashion, emss legged. On V
the rig it and left of he cam pv are two
d mis, one leading to the bed-chamber, anti w
the other to the interior of the In,use; they "
le generally concealed by screens, or 1 uge “
! mirrors reaching J, wn to the gr. u, d; and
amng sstaod a range of arm ch.iis, 'J
1 let W P ,tl unison with the screens and i
cam py. The angles of the apartment are c
luriiis. ed with stands for the rccepi m of '
(Clocks vases, poweto, musical ins ruinents, e .
.nooks fttc., and the whole amtublement is 1
wound u,. by one or (wo bandies of thin, e- v
ongated tobacco pipes. But there is ote‘
1 cm 0, emhelli Innent, which is a peculiarly L
( favourite hobby wi h the Chinese—that is, 1
! , lan| fi° r n, which is reserved for gala 3
days. Some of these append ges to ih
uiuaehoid erg of enormous s a ; one will be 1
of g obular shape, and made of horn; anoth
ci is composed of painted gauz\ and of an
! octagona form whilst ntheis again are made 11
. B las s pr pH per, and not one of them but c
;s ornamented w;th fringe, bands, and pieces
of crystal. Ihr walls of the hou'-e are be- 1
decked with paintings, and inscriptions, and !
mi Hi dtstichs, worked in tellers of gold.*
Oigrla days, (he canopy and arm chain- 1
are dressed ou- wi'h carpets made o( scar- !
1 let c oth, embroidered with gold; and in- 1
cense, consisting of a compound of the dustll
> of odoriferous woods, gum, and various per j
- lumes made into spiral shapes, is burned 1
1 before the dii jxnafevj they burn slowly
and do not go out until they are entirely
consumed. -
From Iho Charleston Courier.
' AUDUBON.
This distinguished Naturalist, with hio
• Assis ar <s, has agai 1 returned in good health
y t i our city, after having been actively and
successfully -engaged in exploring ihe South
e 'll C":*9t, Islands nr( ) ,s al ( | of East
Ftnrida. Ihe wiiter of 'his lias had the
i- leasuie of conversing wi h Mr. Au. I’eon
•ince his return, and nt esami' ing the valua
-0 bU- collec ion which he has b ought w th
le him, and ventures to. send for publication
0 hi y.ur pa pi r, a has y sketch of what ap
?• pears to him as particulatly deserving the
t attention *-f h Na'uralist.
i- AJr. Audubon let 1 Charles',on on the 18th
of April I*sf, in the Revenue Cutter Merton.
The use of this vessel had been generously
allowed him by rur Govei nment. Inad
riition to this, eveiy facility was afl’or>i
fd hiin by Tie Collector of our port ;
and ihe skill, vigilance, and untiring z>" •
of Captain Day and his Officers, are ip- k
en es by Mr A wi h unqualified appnb
! tion. Pos-rssing the above faciti ies, he ha
been enabled to vtsj at least one hundren
and fif 7 of ihe Keys along the Snuihen
Coast of F otida. a d has brought 10-our ci y
ja colh’ction rrf specimens ii Natural Histo
ry, which was with d fficul'y conveyed
1 through our ci y in five cart !■ ads.
This collection consists of Plants, Seeds,
Shells, Coral, Amphibious A: im. I», and the
skins of Quadrupeds and Buds !n 1m king
IVi r hi» b- au ifol drawings of P ants, and
th* floo’s & Shrubs he has brought with him
in box s, we were struck with h j idea that
much n m dns in 1 ur newly acquired Terito
ry in -hi D' partment of Botatij, as none of
he Plan s he has brought 1 are described in
Elliott, and many of ihem appear to bo
(altogether new. 01 Shells, he has brought
abou! six barrels, and in the department of
Oini hology, to which he has devoted so
many yeaiu < sh a life, and traversed almos
every poi tion of our w-ide exiended country,
he has been unusually successlul.- Heh.s
brought the skins of upwards of five hun
dred and fifty Buds, principally of the
larger specirs. Os these, most aie the Buds
jin tnia part of our country—-and seven spe
,cies at least are new, and have never beer
described or noticed by any Ameiican Or
.mi hnlogis . Oi hese, one is a Hrmn,
(Arde,) snowy white, cres ed, bqt wi hnut a
1 train, in wi ight and vise more ihan doable
that of our lurgtt White ffemn, (Ardea
Alba) and is the largest and most beauti
ful Heron that has yet been, disc vend
Strange, that as er oar country has been sn
carefully searched by those distinguished
.Orniiholugis s Wjlson 0«o Bohatarte,
,Beale and Nititali, it shouiu lemaiu lor
■Audubon o discover, in the v< ry heart 01
our c un ry, the largest E'g'e in the world,
(F ilco Washing onn) ami n w also the
|lurgest Heron. Os 1 nis bemiiiful Bird, hi
(ht*® not only bn 1 ght eleven stuff ri -.peci
jmei.s, bu' four 1m g young one' in fine or
der,which are likely odo well, end »1 hoagh
but 'hiee weeks » nee they weie t-.ken from
, he nest, they are already la g<T than our
'aige Blue Heron, (A dea Herodias ;) &
Cuckoo, a little larger than either of our
jo her two specie-; a Fly Catcher* (Muscica
(p ') some wh it larger than our corninotr &\ug
Bird, (VUj'ce pi 'E'yranus ;) two spe; iea of
Perns, (S erna) at.d two species ol P ge;rn-.
(Columbi ) one ot »vhich, the writer consid
ers the fi e»t that has yei been discovered
it is somewhat laiger Ihan the Zepaida D w®,
(Colun b Z oaida) with (he upper sui face ot
1 8 body ot a broni • c lor, exh.bt'ing me'ai
lie changes, 5n addition to these new discov
oi ies, he has also visited he breeds' g
& ascertained the habits of many Birds th 1
have here ofore been but little known. H.
has collected the eggs and young of a I on< s
every species which' h® haa b-«light, sritoig
which we recogn'se ihose of all the Meronr
hat inhabii the Unit'd S'a'es—the Man-of
B rd, or Friga e Pelican, (T,.chype es Aqui
u ;) the Cormorant, (Pudacroran Q .cu
lus;) the B own P limn, (Pelicames Fus
ed;) iho B .by, (Sola Fima;) the Noody
(Sen a S-lid..;) ha Wide ibis,(lb'i Al
bi;) aad four gpecies of pigeons, ot whic
very little hr.s b. en hitherto known.
Ihe lab r requisite to the pursuits ii
which AtDoaoN is eng ged, must he im
mense, In order to render his scient fi.-, &
beau ifal work deserving of .he patronage
of his countrymen, and a monument «If hi<-
indusfry sod talents, he has traversed ou.
Northern alorg the borders ol
cur immense lakes—he has followed the
rivets of Tie At kars is, Mississij pi and Mis
aouti—he has wa'.ched the aoogaiers of our
(ores' for years in succession, in Pennsyl
vania, K. ntucky and L uisiuna—has da
ling 'he last winter explored the swamps
the mangrove thickets and sandy keys of
Fl .rula, and it is piobable that his untiring
seal will soon carry him over the rockv
mountains, and that his tab us will not be
rcmTted nil he anives at the Pacific ocean.
In conclusion, we cannot repress the
hope, that (he Zealand talents of Audubon,
may meet with the reward in some respect
commensurate with his merit*. The writer
t this is no wise personally interested in
the woik of Audubon, farther than the de
sire he feels for the advancement of sci
eoce and the reward of merit, but he has
not bem able sometimes to withhold his
surprise, that whilst our Legislature has
patronized his woik, and two or three co
pies are said to be subscribed for by Side
(.ies, yet II at in Charleston and in the State
of Souih Carolina, which contains so man\
I boral and wealthy persons, the patrons ol
he sciences and arts, not a sir gle iodivitlu
al mbaciiber has as yet been obtained ;
whilst our neighboring city of Savannah,
containing not one fifih of our population
has already furnished seven individual sub
) scribeia to Audubon’s work. C.
1 --*o®-
j Prom the N«vr-v or k Commertial Advertiier
. CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE UNIT
t El) STA IES IN FRANCE.
e It has been frequently observed that wliili
v we eagerly im-k to the English press for all
- sorts of opinions about ourselves, com
h paratively little attention is paid to the
n;more impartial and durable tribunal of con
1. tineutul criticism. Does au English button
e maker woman, favor their countrymen will
their opinion about America, the country i;
Ii in a blaze ot indignation aud laboured es
• says are written, which often show not the
v fallacy of the accusations, but the inriigna
ion of the wri er®. Is t; e same thi> a re
eated in a nn.gmticeot in rn er at d disdain
: or< p'y. It i: not our business to" inquire
why we aip 9.1 semi ive on the sere of
K g'ish critipi-ni exc u ively, b"t ®i pi to
s'ate the tael, as expi.ii, ing why an lj |g
interest lias b-en excited me in rtla ion ‘o
i recent discus-on cute rrging America,
which has created qni ea «.■ s >l l ii u, Paris,
i VV e d“MV- the ))•"■(• p.( f., r * tiom (he Re
ve Rncydop’d q e. one id the ables' pe
-1 i unites s in Eu. p . . ,
Ihe cuitn veisv • p*ned w itb nelaborate
• essay by M. ISaulnitr, a (lis t guished
• French pnliticul \vi -pi, aed nrie of he
i Bdit< rs of die Revue Bnttim r he.tirct
I "I Sail nier wa» 111 pure sla islicu'ly that
i "a g vernment i f liner p w. is hv w ich he
t means he limn cl mnnarrhy «'f F ine was
no' so isp n-ive as h' ihe p govi n rnent
f (go iveruemen at bon minche) el the U i=.
t ed Sia'es. I will b' ‘•ce n, he s>q ul s
- that 1 ke our own pet cmmercisl represen
t tiifive, bis s atis ics an* nicst w fuby bun
s gled, and his ■ pp- ntr's am il ila'e,him with
) h’B own weapons, ha 1 is to say,statistically,
M Sauli ier estiiaa.es cur expenses uadeF
, three heads;
> 1 The annual stale expense.
2 /do. of 'he General Government.
' -S. M .in enance of clergy, and of militia*
> turnpike tolls, &.c.
1 hese he estimates in round numbers at
1 70 millions ofdull at s annually, or a; g7 for
• '-very individual, while in Fraiceitis but
g 920. Generals Lafayette and Bernaid,
c w i hour country man Cooper, who is always
> wide aw. ke when the question arises about
i America, replied, to show that the annual
expei ses per man is g 2 30. Cooper in
cludes schools and poor, and estimuies it at
g 2 40. Fuels and figures are arrayed wi.h
) imposing force in support of this p-sUlon.
, Saulnitr upon this, acknowledges that ho
r may possibly have made some mistake, and
i accordingly goes over again his calculations,
, and concludes fii ally, that every inhabit nt
of the Uni'ed States pays anriua.iy 8/39
.■ b>r the expenses of hi - cheap government.
Air. Cooper immediately commences «
series of.leuers in 'he J\ r ational, in which ha
t nearly skins JI. Saulnier alive, and amply
i vindicates our government from the chaige
rof being more cosily than-the monarchies
ief Europe. Even with the disadvantage of
r writing in a foreign language, Mr. Coupee
-ex • ibi r 3 all the terseness and vigor of bin
v naive tongue; and his letters have been re*
I pents*ily quoted in terms of high commenda
, tion by the literary men of Paris. The dis
co* snn would be too long for these columns,
• but we c..nnot refrain from noticing one nr
, twi. hc ! 3, which wt re elicited in the course
t if the controversy.
The jsanrg' ment of the Treasury nt
W ■hi gton, costs gl 10.220, which at
, Pari- i- but 852 000. The expenses of
p>st iffire ai d army, are nearly three limes
gres ei in pr..portion than in France. This
is not deno d, as far as we can learn, by
Mr. C opei j but then he shows that our
whofr army d ts not c 'S' more than 5 mil*
I son«, while that of France coats 74 millions;
tha to irr pi-gr the disbursement of 200 mil
lion!. i n p ance 3900 clerks are employed,
while b g m>lar riisbuisemert of 26 millions
in America, employs on y 134 clerks. He
put# the I a 1 1«• rase it) another point of view,
Ihe disbursement of )5 millions of in
habitants, eropbys 134 e'erks, while Fiar ee
with 31 millions to equal!*! this rhouul
-mpli y 370 cleiks, but in laet these are
1600 c
Sauluisr happens to state, and wc be
ieve cot redly, that the average price of
J'bor in the U,.i-ed g.sies, is 60 cents, and
in France £5 At htfl own valuation of la-sea
with us, it-ig thru shown, that a Ymkea
woiks Sdaya in the year to pay his taxes*
white a Frenchman must wink more than 20
for the same purpose. In this account mili
tary service is not included, although
iFrai te has 400,000 soldiers, and Atuciica
6000 This, thereloie, takes one man in 80
in France, and one in 2200 in the United
S ates.
Saulnitr states, the taxes for the poor in
Ametica, to be 90 cents per mar. It ic
I?hown, that, in Philadelphia, there are three
■ paupers in a hundred, and in Musarchusette
but one, while at Paris ihereare 44 in a hun
dred, and at Rheims 32 in u hundred. ’1 hie
argument is put in anu 1 1 er form.
in America, 4000 paupers cost 8200,000,
In France, 11.500 paupers ens* g IUOO.
. Certainly, as the Editor of the Review
, observes, this presents not only a flittering,
j but alomst an inviting picture of paupeiism
.in America. The whole discussion is a*
. bundaiitlv interest!' g & instructive, and a*
, such we warmly recommend it to our re*
, aders. For the part taken in ir by Mr.
I Cooper, and the noble manner which he has
served out Iris g.vllic anlagonist, he deserves
j the that.ks of his countrymen. Such labors
are not so inviting as gathering laurels ua
'he fields of literature, but we have yet to
learn that they will not awaken in the hearts
of his country naeu sentimet; * of respect
quite equal to those bestowed upon a clever
poem or a pathetic tale.
Early Marriage, —Tacitus s’tys early
t marriage tm kos us immortal. It is the
II soul and chief prop of empire. That man
■ who resolves to live without woman, and
e 'hat Wi.m.m who resolves to live widiout
i man, are enemies to the community in
i which they dwell, irjurinus to themselves,
h esilruc ive to the world,.apostates from,
is oature, and rebels agrinr; and
i earth,