Newspaper Page Text
M r
VOL. 2—NO. 115.
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA,
1!ie
Daily News and Herald.
PUBLISHED BY
S. W. MASON.
Sru££r v tt.VAjfMAii, Gao
|>,. r il asulr.'iJ..
.Five Cents.
•**»».
suo oo.
iiivcttmngi
dent accord with the first general power, delegated bjr
" ' ' ~ ' u Tin.
T „., pollers i>er Square of Ten Lines for first In-
out- Dollar for esch subsequent one.
.1013 PRINTING;
fl ,rv .trie- neatly and promptly done.
THE LAWYERS’ TEST OATH.
District Court, Southern INstriet
f Georgia, May Term, I960.
Ex parte William haw.
| aR{ ,i MEYT OF HOJV. HENRY.*. FITCH,
U. S. DISTRICT ATTORNEY.
d pU.tsc the. Court:
I am . < nfident that the. Court will Indulge «m 4nJa
- •: rnrntry remarks somewhat personal to my.
i • pro-movent in this instance is one of those
i i ntlemen who, through all the trials and vi-
> lor hall a cr-ntury of professional labor, has,
. . known, commanded admiration for his legal
.mi h<*nor for his private virtues.
. is the recognize ! Patriarch of the Savannah
- i Ear, your Honor, that has generously extended
u comparative stranger, so many acts, not of were
sy only, but of genial kinduoss, as to render ray
upon this occasion as unploasant as it is impera-
I! requires a peculiar conformation of mind in
-no reared under republican institutions and
in love tho liberality of republicau laws, to con-
. Hm;b a legislative enactment as tho one now
iv the Court with any degree of satisfaction. Al-
j n it..* g'> entitled, it has with startling unanimity
. in istcned by both friend and foe, the Test Oath
Hu.-, .oubriquet is the verdict of the 14 consen-
■ ”—one of the cardinal rules of truth.
„:!is have never been very favorably received by
. .•-if, much lens by a free and enlightened people.
( and fl ml existences, whether judicially or
... .uy considered, have not been liattering to
. tti : wisdom or honor of their authors. The
, Mfht judgment, I believe, that has ever been
* . public opinion against test oaths and their
.. lias been—oblivion.
nut i. »w whether there lives in this noonday of
■„-i. ti a gentleman who would consider an an
on with that class of legislation a very
heirloom.
jcially true when wo reflect upon the
li'ui-ua to which this act applies. The legal
-!• 'ii is acknowledged to be one of the most ele-
i in 1 ennobling pursuita-to which man can dedi-
ifi0 intellect. Next to the study of divinity, the
itin law fosters that chivalry of the mind—
mini submission and diguified obedience to the
;r wenl—that stern, comprehensive seuse of
■hut intellectual strength, conscious of its own
trir-s-., by which all stable governments are created
perpetuated.
. ’ !•-Hows as a natural sequence—a harmony of
and sentiment—a perceptible free masonry
::*<vi idlowsihj) in fhe profession which renders
r.*-t notions as the act imposes wearisome and
omnium of Cicero upon the liberal arts could
u applied with still greater force to the pro-
i unich lio was so splendid an ornament:
quoddam commune vinculum et quasi
quadam inter se continentur
•Is an irrepressible impulse to say to Govern
or priests and cowards, and men cautelous,
ide carrions and such suffering souls
>v Icome wrongs; unto bad causes swear
.natures as men doubt; but do not stain
oen virtue of our enterprise,
ie insuppressive mettle of our spirits
i.k that, or our cause or our performance
..dan oath.”
the question boforc your Honor is not the poll
ing law, but its validity as a law, and to that I
.v address my argument. If this law is cou-
u d, and. after a careful examination of all the
urged by learned counsel, I am clearly of
.inhi it is, then it must bo respected and en-
•lutil modified or repealed by the Gobgress of
■ d States. Tho objections arrayed against
.mmiioaality of the law are numerous and
ill.
•n urged before this Court in extenso,
l ability by Judge Law and Governor
ire none the less worthy of serious
"ii ir.»iu having been previously presented
v motion before tho Supreme Court, in a
* 11 ‘-Cuausuve aag _ ~
•* Mr Marr contributed, the result of an
•se.irch into boij^American and European
. and to the elucidation of which Air.
hnaon lent the “lull voiced rhetoric of his
: standard rules for interpreting statutes is
into the exigencies of tho times when
the evils against which it was intended to
• i.irt will take judicial notice of the fact that
" < nuu.-nt has just passed through the most
i vi* war recorded in the history of nations—
. which during one campaign more men were
u over raised the pennant of York or Lancas-
'nr that lias revolutionized the science of war
1 unset tied the diplomacy of the world. The
also take judicial notice of the duration and
■ \tctit of this conflict, and the legal status
iviligerenia under the public law during its
j . e and at its termination. The Court, in my
:i- t should a.so take into consideration the fact
- tevolution was inaugurated to decide the
nit Mini; in of the Constitution under which
(' n enacted. That construction, although
• . tin- arbitrament oi tbe sword, must be re-
• ui courts as tho true one, and all logical
a- diawu therefrom must be by it respooted.
; Las been quoted by Governor Brown to fur- '
ili a definition oi a “good government.’'
rutKiidorl, etc., etc., will also supply any
; iluse commendable generalities. In Bir
M j o’s Utopia, however, the Court will find
■-1-umiaT theories of governmental godliness j
the people to Congress in the Constitution, (Six;.
Abt. I,; “to provide for its common defence and gen
eral welfare of the United States.” It Is not a penal
act, as has been so earnestly urged; bat a declaratory
act, and though retrospective in language, intended to
protect tho Government from future Sfetrayal by Its
own officer*.
But it is maintained first, that an attorney .is an offi
cer of the court, and not an officer 6f the Govern
ment—a private officer and not ‘a public * officer, and
to that extent is beyond the scope of Congressional
power." It is diffieiUt to conceive how an officer with
in them sailing of Unit word as understood in American
Jurisprudence can be anything else than a public offi
cer. A clergyman even whenever he performs Any
sot aflseting the public interest such as solemnizing
a marriage, is apublic officer—and to the full Extent
of all the publio privileges confered upon him by his
ordination he is a public officer. (Bouvjer’s Law dic
tionary, vol. 1, 259—2d0.)
*8o of an attorney, his profession is his private prop
erty—-bis license to praciice-the profession is his com
mission as a public officer—subject to certain express
and implied conditions—which conditions the origi
nal grantor can enforce either directly or indirectly.
It willmot be asserted, I presume, that any man quali
fied by course of sturdy lor the office of .au attorney,
has, ipso facto, a right to practise before the United
States Courts. If it is not a right, therefore, inherent
in the profession itself, it must be a privilege cohee-
•ded by some superior authority. Let us see by whom.
The first section of the third artiole ofithe Constiti^
tion vests the judicial power of the United States in
one Supreme Court, and such inferior Courts as Con
gress may from time, to time ordain and'establish.
By the VIII section of J, among the powers del
egated to CbngrC&r 4 tho power to establish inferior
courts. In aooordiance with these Constitutional pow
ers, Congress passed tho Judiciary act of 1789, liy the
thirty-fiili section of which the oourts are empowered,
to admit such attorneys and counsels, as by the rules
of the said Courts respectively shall be permitted to
manage and conduct causes therein.
Does not the very delegation of this power to the
court show that Congress held the original power it
self, so far as inferior courts are concerned, and could
place os many conditions upon its exercise by another
as it might deem proper ?
If it ooul'd have done so then, can it not do.so now ?
Is the act of 1789 like the laws of the &Iedes and Per
sians, Or can it be rexicalcd at pleasure, either directly
or indirectly by the passage of a subsequent act in
consistent with its provisions ? Such a theory would
abrogate the great x>rinciple laid down by Bentham as
the foundation of all laws. “Defeasible perpetuity—
a perpetuity defeasible by alteration of the circum
stances and reasons upon which the law was founded.”
Does not the power to create a court include the power
to proscribe tho qualifications of all officers incidental
thereto ? Does not the power to ordain and establish
imply the power to abolish ? and if Congress can
abolish a court, can it not restrict the extent of its ju
risdiction over its own officers V It not only can be
done, hut it has been done. In 1802 Congress passed
an act entitled “an act lor the moro convenient or
ganization of tho courts of the United States.” Under
this act now courts were established, new Judges ap
pointed, confirmed and qualified. One year after, on
the 4th of January, 1801, Mr. Breckinridge introduced
into the Senate a resolution to repeal tineAaw. Then
followed one of th_* most remarkable and ©ki lting de
bates in the annals of Congress. Many members of
the Seventh Congress were men of brilliant intellect
and rare culture; the importance of thov measure was
fuiiy appreciated; the arguments learned, instructive
and statesmanlike, and that provision of the Constitu
tion authorizing Congress to ordain and establish in
ferior courts with the incidental powers attaching
thereto, was debated in extenso, and the result was the
repeal of the law.
The constitutionality of this act of Congress has
never been judicially disputed. In fact the acts of
Congress extending and restricting the powers of Dis
trict and Circuit Courts are too numerous for citation.
Again, there are now several bills before Congress re
modelling the entire judiciary of the United States.
Even as early as 22d July, 1813, (3 statute 21,J Congress
instructed the court^ as to the practice of attorneys.
Have they not on tho same principle the power to say
who shall be attorneys ? What becomes of the vested
rights of officers, the sanctity of incorporeal herediti-
ments in the face of these historical facts. If Con
gress can create an officer with a tenure for life and
within one year remove the officer by abolishing his
office, can it not prescribe a fortiori the qualifications
of such inferior officers as they may empower him to
appoint Y
Does not the greater include tho less, or is there
something about the intangibility of an attorney's
office which enables him to evade these legislative su
pervisions ? it is conceded by Judge Triggs aud Judge
Busteed that if an attorney licensed by tbe United
States Courts is pro (unto a public officer Congress
can limit his tenure and prescribe his qualifications.
Does not the States claim and exercise the same au
thority aud upon the same principle ? Do not the
State laws prescribe tbe age, mo study aud the char
acter of applicants for admissiou ? Could they not
prescribe also the loyalty of tho candidate for such
honors, or would that bo infringing upon inherent
prerogatives of tlifc court they had themselves created?
Does not Georgia say to the attorney of Alabama, you
shall not conduct a case before my courts unless by
the laws of Alabama a similar privilege is granted
Georgians, thus depriving him of his vesied rights
liud no control V
s that profession IS the Courts of. t
ess Ire An subscribe io tlieirrulA
cise t
I unless 1 .
| It is bsrdty necessary, irrebnclu
| oppressive rApoasibilityattachin
I proclaims a statute, passed by the 1
body know* to CUr Gbvernment. tc
So a man shall lose his office if he accept another
office incompatible.
It is evident, your Honor, from these citations, tb a
a man may forfeit by his own act his franchise, with,
out being proceeded against, in personam, ami with
out ever having been indicted or tried and convicted
of any offlenee. The forfeiture w worked instonter by I the Oomrtttatio* Atr th^ TTmt^d Su.
mere operation of law. And when a man attempts to i judicially conceded from Chief Juatii
if ia 0047 necessary to JudSe HmuSS? h* nal
that the fact be brought fp the notice of the Court to
enable it to take judicial cognizance of all the diaabili-
tics flowing therefrom.
It will not be denied, I presume, that to forswear
one’s allegiance to the Government'under whose laws
he held au office, dr to acknowledge allegiance to an-?
other Government at war with his own, is such au
abuser as ipso facto vacates the office. It will not
either be denied that to accept another office of any
kind—such as a license to practice in the Court of a
Government hostile to the Cnited States, is such an
acceptance as impllee the surrender of any ‘office he
ih»y have held tinder the laws of the United States.
. And.thinfcrfeitur&takes effect,, not from the date of,
any record of investigation into the act, but from the
oommissionyjf t£e act itself. But we are told you
must premxit some evidence of She commission of the
act of forfeiture, and that you shall nfft pluck that evi
dence from the mouth of the officer himself, for to do
so is to violate that section-of the Constitution which
provides'that no one in a criminal case shall be com
pelled to be a witness against himself.
In the first place, I deny that the proffer of this oath
can by any ingenuity be tortured into a “criminal
case" within the meaning of those words as used iu
the Constitution. It is simply a judicial inquiry into
the eltaibUity.of thepyo-DUitaC tor thi office-which
he seeks" ... . .’
Bqt waiving that point for the present, I maintain
that no proof is necessary, or by law" required, to es
tablish this forfeiture of office than is to be found iu
the public laws—the public records and public hjatorf
of which the Court must take judicial notice.
That the Stato of Georgia was in insurrection against
the United States; that forfour years her citiaeus,.with
all the machinery 61 her State Government, resisted
with arms the lawful authority- of the United States, is
a fact in history of which this Court must take ju
dicial notice.
That the legal status of every citizen resident with
in that State during the insurrection has been chang
ed, is a conclneion of law of which- this Court must
take judicial notice.
That every such resident citizen aided and abetted,
directly or indirectly, the enemies of the United Spates,
ia a fact of public notoriety, of which this Court must
take judicial notice, and which throws the 011113 pro-
bantti upon every- such resident, who oornes volunta
rily into the United States' Court to claim a franchise
from the gevemmeut.
This doctrine is distinctly aud strongly laid down
by Chief Justice Chase in the case of Mrs. Alexander’s j
cotton. 2 Wallace, 419. The (jhief Justice delivering ;
the j udgment of the Court, says;
“ The Court cannot inquire into the personal char
acter and disposition of individual inhabitants of cne- !
my territory. We must be governed by the principle I
of public iaw so often announced from this Bench as j
applicable aliko to civil and international wars, that all
the people oi each State or disrict in insurrection j
against the United States must be regarded as enemies
until, by the action oi the legislature and the execu
tive, or otherwise, that relation is thoroughly and per
manently changed." It requites more charity than
justice to pereeive how any one holding an office nn- ,
dor the laws of the United States whether by license ;
of a United States Court or by commission from a fie-
partment, who has assumed the status of au enema, I
can claim a vested right in that office aud call upon i
tho Courts of the Uuited States to recognise him as '
such officer. We will be told, however, that the
proclamation of amnesty, the proclamation of peace,
and the special Presidential pardons have permanent
ly changed this relation. Admitted. Amnesty or
pardon relieves the community or the individual from
all tile pains aud penalties incurred by the offence
pardoned, and restores him to to the peaceful posses
sion of such property aB he may have had, against
which no proceedings have been taken, or against
which proceed! ngs are pending. But I deny that auy
numher of pardons or proclamations can restore prop
erty already condemned, or revive an office termina
ted by operation of law or destroyed by previous for
feiture. If I am correct in the position, that for- \
ferture of an office dates from the commission of the i
act forfeiting its existence, and not from the record
to. Judge Busteedt It'must be .
questionably-! repugnint# to some .
instrument before even the Supreme (
justified in pronouncing'it invalid.
If there is a doubt the Legislature 1
forming as thev do, a co-ordinate brai}
erument, should have the benefit of t
where a great people, struggling in tb
rible civil conflict; say to their servant!
be misunderstood : "Parent operai'o
0«ict rseunblica r aetrirnenti caperet.*
Senators and Bepresentatives, that n
to th is republic—there ia a sanctity J
in the edict that no court should treat 1
INSUR
AGAINST
xvcat mm i. -auuns nits'Haber _
ullsi/.cs v Cush advancefi made oil consignment©
IN THE
Pioneer Company
the ' south]’
THE SOUTHERN
Accident Inshraiice Ce.,
&YSC8BVM, VA.
MciiAY, BLISS & «;o.,
Commission Merchants
of Timber, Cotton, Naval Store*, i-c.
The above-named house offer unusual facilities tor
the sale of Southern Products, ami respectfully a
licit consigumejits.
. MoKAY. BLISS k CO.,
d£l-tawtf 166 Broadway, N. Y.
E. McLIiA.
J. H. CAKTJCB.
KENNETH MtLEA & CO.
Commission, Merchants
283 BAY STREET,
SAVANNAH, G
{35“ Advances made on Consignments of Cotton
and other produce to our friendg iu Liverpool and
New lork. 834m
THOMAS H. AUSTIN,
General Commission and Forrariiu
MEnCIIAKrT,
95 Bay Street, Savannah, Ga.
Authorized Capital, $1,000,000
INSURES AGAINST
ALL ACCIDENTS,
showing the act, then it toiiows that no exercise of Giving the bolder of an Annual Polfcv the
mere executive clemency can subsequently restore it. 1 11 . , . „ , . ; *
The consequences of such forfeiture can only he j 1 . ^•BCUUl insured IU case of de&tl, find
avoided by creating a new office ab initio—conferring i Compensation each Week if disabled' for a
a commission or a new license, and Congress says j . “ u,3aoleu - lor "
these shall not be bestowed upou any ono who has not ! period
the essential qualification of loyalty.
Does not tiiu code of Georgia also say to one class of
applicants, you must prove in op»*u court that you
have the necessary qualifications of au attorney and a
good moral character us a citizen ? and does it iiot say
to .another class, the felicitous recipient of a diploma
from the Lumpkin Law School, bo your qualification
or character what they may, you are a lawyer “to the
manor born?” If Georgia can make distinction
among attorneys for the benefit of .Lumpkin, cannot
Congress exercise the flame discretion “for the com
mon defence aud general welfare of the United
states ?”
Hon. Roverdy Johnson in his argument, while con
tending that tlio admission of an attorney is a judicial
act admits that if it is a ministerial one Congress can
prescribe the qualifications. However sound this dis
tinction may be when applied to the Supreme Court of
the United States—one jof the great ^branches of oar
Government—it is very questionable when applied to
the inferior courts, whose jurisdiction Congress can,
“from time to time,” diminish or extend.
But we are told that this reasoning, if correct, only
applies to applicants for admissiou, and not to those
admitted. This brings us to the second objection to
the law, namely : That a license from the court to
practice creates au officer ; that an officer holds prop
erty in his office ; that no one can be constitutionally
deprived of his property without duo procas of law';
that this law doe a.deprive one of his property without
due process of law, aud is therefore null and void.
It is rather a subtle division of tho word property,
a wirb a graceful rhetoric'that has rendered i aa used in the constitution, which makes it applicable
:tbe most immortal works of—fiction. I con- to au attorney’s license. It requires considerable
Si ; ar. irreverent heretic upon the subject of ! metaphysical acumen to perceive how a privilege liav-
’ 1 i iis mystery known afi the Law of Nations, j uo standard ol value—often no value at all—a
t IS that the only true definition of the law priv.lego the worth of which depends upon the owner
utained in Aaron Burr’s aphorism— } hiinsell, being frequently worthless, tnat cannot be
• • - ** sold, transferred, assigned, mortgaged, entailed or in
herited, can be considered property in the substantial
sense in which that word is evidently intended
oldly asserted and successfully main-
; — i- i:e rule, however, which, whether laid
«the Law of Nations or not, is the Law of Na-
- that is, that whenever any government de-
•' ; ’: the sword a disputed point of its domestic
T *t policy is the supreme law of the land, so
1 ■ th e nation is concerned, and all corollaries
ti.n-t bi* recognized. The cardinal points per-
S(, fiied by the late civil war from which we
v -Hi^rged. was that the Government of the
Vu ^ > » is lo use a solecism, the Supreme Sover-
■ -u matters affecting the public weal; that its
i nv.-rs were not restricted to the extent
L 1 : mu and jurists had previously main-
■y 1 h tlu.n above all, it was empowered to pas
• • and enforce any measures necessary to per-
' ’•■'' Jiauonal existence. I deny the right of
Facial or State, to dispute this popular
— • '"figment obtained at the fearful co3t of
‘ mi h, j 1,900,000,000 of treasure. Keeping
*1 met m view, let us examine the authorities
! hi support of the objection urged against this
- 1 search of counsel has brushed the ven-
. • 110111 many a half forgotten folio that else
_ - 'li’-pitc the pomice-etone of the Socii tb
’ “ C'. Lnnc representatives of first editions,
. 7„‘ ,J u “ yes of antiquarians, have been paraded
‘‘ uit—a picturesque desolation of moths
■ 1 1 r, over which the curious scholar might
• 7 ••rUttuily as La yard over the foliated capi-
. 7 " • ■; 1; ‘d entablatures of a Grecian ruin. There
ot antiquity in these studies. But,
or, tao Constitution, the instrument now tm-
, ' s " ! ' >rj ' lias been recently interpreted differ-
t ^ e greatest expounder known to
•7. 1 ? 1, ' our Honor, that certain principles
.7' ‘sanctioned by the wisdom of agea.” I care
". • iound upon the highest shelf of the
. '“/v ar y» scorched by the cindersofHercu-
sru ' re d with Assyrian mud, if they conflict
.. ’-' 1( hct of the recent revolution thev are but
1 °f the rcceut revolution they are but
i ue wisdom of ages” is not always the
• ii- 1 ’ 11 11 were . Sidney Smith’s inimi-
• .1 * ‘ < i:ou kll °wn as tho Noodles oration would
i* ii artu,,lC,,t - men in the country,
irredeemable fools, but are less wise
:j i, ‘t than they were five years ago. We
' (, ur to consular dates foe ancient laws or
thoy can be found in tho United
at large JXlSSimS
•••on, like Time, “sadly overcomoth all
decade henco tho student of American
• | may find himself, like Sir Thotnas
^veller among+the pjrramids, inquiring of
• ■. -r' 10 kuilded them, and she mumbleth
:. 4iv r* ^ ut what it is he heareth not.”
: •• 7 H heterodox:, but I am firmly of opinion
• u 1 'has settled, and settled forever, one vi-
i'i‘ ati.-cting tho entire jurisprudence of the
. , uli ' 1 which ilie judiciary will be compelled to
• • wm iy -that the spirit, if not the letter of
• " i, confers upon Conc/ress far greater
tee hitherto been conceded by the
i-/ ihui/roin that standpoint the acts oj
7 •"'•*■ be hereafter iftnstrued.
11 pease tho Court, let us apply to the
^ i’liiiiary rule of interpretation before re-
- sj; V' 1 l 1' ls act passed? It was passed in 1865
7|1 J !' *rinonury act to the act of July, 18G2. *t a
ut.jr t V 0,l ^ rc8ft just began to see the glimmer-
t tj,,. .J 1,ro »gh the midnight of rebellion. What
a. V s ,uro,1 dedvto be jirevented ? The re-oc-
I 'ht-'itlangers. Men holding high trusts
. hftral Government—Senators, represen-
.-r* 11,11 °? ores * Consuls, Generals, Judges,
*. Collectors had abandoned their offices
01 peril, had foresworn their allegiance,
another and a different Constitution for
^ law, and had sworn to support and were
\ •-■•• ; another and a hostile government to the
' ->•> 1 a ' '’ ail d although acting, in a great majority
• v..- 0,u ‘‘onscientious convictions of duty, were
•biC'l Ul, der the laws of the United States,
,ja d citizens, malfeasents in offioe and un-
I luT| n> confidence. Was it a time, then, for
■ e d'Jicacieg--for the technical refinements of
^'hsr w? i3 ** astonishing that Congress
i i ! >r ^ftSnV relu * e ^ respect the sacredness of moul-
?’ ^ntjike the impetuous Marebeau have
J L Vol lew formulas?
I piino?® 1 are n „ ot generally suppressed on Lam-
i been Miff b 7 Mr. Gwlstid,
I: , ** in act'^ bel °re the Supreme Court, that the
I ? ’ - v our u ° bu PP res * the rebellion. On the con-
v J1 *Uiotbcr°rli t if 48 an T act P^ eveQt th© possi-1
rebellion. It is an act passed in evi-
the
Constitution of the United States. But admitting that
an attorney’s office is a property, let us examine how
it may be forfeited. Gov. Brown asks us with the ut
most solemnity and sincerety, what officer of the Gov
ernment stands here as Judge Law's accuser, aud
where are the charges aud specifications ? Before a
court martial or a military commission those inquiries
might bs relave at; but this court is neither. 'Again,
the Governor asks, what provision of the penal code
has ho violated, and when and where V What Grand
Jury has indicted him, and upon what charge? The
learned gentleman seems to have forgotteu that these
queries are only put in criminal prosecutions, *nd af
ter the accused has been brought by the law before
the court in personam. The most ultra opponent of
the act under consideration will not claim that it is a
judicial accusation. It is simply an inquiry into the
legal status of the promovent. A man suspected of
crime may appear before a coroner’s jury and prove
an alibi, or absence of criminal intent, or he may re
main away and take the consequences of such in
ferences as the law may adduce from circun^iflntial
evidence. A juryman or a witness may be placed on
his voir dire, and bei£g questioned as to his qualifica
tion or his character, hi ay decline to answer, and be
rejected for cause.
In none of these cases is an indictment,' verdict or
a sentence required. Tho principal objection urged
against this act is, it deprives a man of his office,
which is alleged to be property, without due process
of Jaw. That a man may be deprived of his property,
in due process of law without proceeding criminally
is too evident for argument.
There is such a thing as a man’s losing his property
by tho mere operation of law, and I claim here that if
au attorney, unablo to take this oath, has a property
i l his former license to practice before this Court, he
has forfeited that property by operation of law, and
that no other evidence is necessarj* than his inability
to take the required oath of qualification.
A man may forfeit his office not only by “treason,
felony or misdemeanor,” but he may forfeit it in a
much more reputable manner by non-user or abuBer,
a lapse, or by acceptance of another office incompati
ble with the duties of the former.
In none of these latter cases is an impeachment or
an indictment required to enable the Court to declare
the officer fu net us o//Mo. As repeated reference has
been made to Bacon by learned counsel, it may be
well to examine him upon this point: “It^ is laid
down in general that if an officer acts contrary to the
nature and duty of his office, or if he refused to act at
all, that in these cases the office is forfeited.” Bacon's
Abridgement, vol V, chap M.
There are, says Coke, three causes of forfeiture or
seizure of office by matter in deed: 1st, by abuser; 2d,
by nououser; 3d, refusal. In speaking of non-user, he
says: “When the office concerns the administration of
justice or the commonwealth, tho officer ex-officio
ought to attend, without Stay demand or request;
then, by non-user or non-attendaiice the office is for
feited. Again, it the conditions iii law which are an
nexed to officers be not observed and fulfilled* the
office is loat forever.” Bacon’s Abridgement, vol. V,
chap.M.
Are we to be told that when a Uuited States Judge
who holds his office for life accepts a Judgship under
a government in arms against the United States* does
not ipso fticto forfeit his office, but still retains a
vested right therein, entitling hint to the privileges
and emoluments thereof, and of which he can only be
deprived on conviction by impeachment ? is it pos
sible that all the Postmasters and U. S. Marshals in
insurrectionary districts whose successors have not
bepn appointed are still holding over under their for
mer commissions—or have they long since forfeited
their office by non-user or abuser ? Will it be claiufed
that the President's pardon would restore them to tho
position of officers, or would a now appointment be
re<iitia|jtf tr lKff<t divtirilY it thork_Tbv„lu- ;i ?i^~ a 5»w-
ywr Ottclfo esc%# tfeekeonSgreeable malts* The
truth* is that there is a presumption of law necessarily
deducted from the public history of the lato rebellion—
a presumption inevitable under Chief Justice ( ’hose's
decision, that every resident attorney in an iusurreq- I
tionary district has forfeited his franchise as an officer j
of the United States Courts. Without the act of Con
gress, he could not have resumed his position except
ing by taking out a new license, if this chain ol rua- I
soning is correct, it follows that the act of 1865 is not j
a penal act, but a declaratory act of qualification
NOT EXCEEDING TWENTY-SIX WEEKS.
a BKKIES TO
Wm. M. Tunno & Co., Savannah; Nonrac A Brooks,
Now York; Epping, Hatwerd k Co.. Colnmbns.
mW-tr
DAVANT & WAPLES
FACTORS,
Forwarding and General
Having associated ourserves in the above business
we respectfully solicit consignments.
In connection with the above, we have a large
brick fire-proof building, known as the Southern
Warehouse, at the corner of Bay and Lincoln streets,
and are prepared to take cotton or merchandize on
storage. . v
FIRE, MARINE,
UVE OAK GLOB H0Df|
No. 32 GEORQB STREET, ,
Charleston, South Carolina.
now open for the accommodation of transient a
* permanent guests.
Choicest Liquors, Wine's, Ales and Segars
Alwats on hand.
aY-CCIDETSTT
CHARLESTON HOTEL
CHARLESTON, S. C."
T H ? S P°P nl * 1 and well known Hotel, situated in t
4 ponton of the city, has been newly f
nulled throughout by the present uroDrietor. win, i
I throughout bythe present proprietor, who has
been sixteen years connected with the establishment
»n»«-t( W WHITE, Proprietor. '
Port Royal House,
HILTON HEAD, S. C.
BIDDBLL *
x. s. arnnxi.u
jnsar
HUGO
Pbopbiitois
m. r. none.
risks taken
In ™ K Blowing • first-class compa
nies:*
Columbia Fire Insurance Company, of New
York
Fulton Firo Insurance Company of New
York
•too. 000
THE DAILY NEWS,
PUBLISHED AT
CHARLESTON S. C.,
Largest Circulation
jdttRNAL PUBLISHED IN THE STATE,
And is universally considered
The Best Commercial
FAMILY PAPER
IN THE STATE.
PARTIES. THEREFORE, IN GEORGIA, who de
sire to subscribe for a CHARLESTON PAPER, will
consult their interest by sending for THE DAILY
NEWS.
R. J
DAVANT, Jr.. W. D. WAPLFS.
Of the lale firm of Davant A Lawton. triS-tl •
m & SAMMIS k (10.,
Forwarding: and Commission
MEBCHANm,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
SHORT TIME POLICIES,
Ik
Travellers’ Tickets, from one to thirty
days', may be had at the Railroad Ticket
Ollices, Steamship Agencies, and at the
Office of the General Agent.
The Stock of this Company is exclunively
doen not work a forfeiture .of an attorney’s office, for 1 : n Sonthern hftnrls and renreaented hv «
that ofileo was already forfeited, and wo shall have j In ‘ 3ntuuern nanus, ana represented Dy a
little difficulty in disposing of ail tho romaiuiiig objei> ! Directory widely and favorably known,
tious ao elaborately urged against its constitutionality. ( Tir ., r " , , . ' _ ,
Although retrospective, it cannot be an ex post facto j ** tucrelore, appeal with confidence to the
law. for it cioefl not adopt any criminal procedure, and | w :n an i natronauc nf Hip .Snnlh^fn
inflicts no pain and penalty on the person. j » . >w,i uuu P diroua b e OI lue »OBlUein
The destinction betwoen retrospective and ex post i public.*
facto law is ably elucidated in the cane of Calder vs. j . .
n„ii w T,wi.ror-hooa in that portion of his opinion !
Again, a Glares of C. B. 13, being absen*' tiro years,
and being out of his office from- year to year without
liconse of the Court, was discharged by the Chief
Justice ex as&ensu sociorum suorutn, by words
spoken openly In Court; and though there wasfno re
cord made ot the discharge, nor any legal summons
for him to answer, nor any legal accusation, yet the
discharge was held gooff. Bacon, ibid.
In the case of Milauro vs; Thatcher, 1 Ter. Rep. 81,
Ashurst. Justice, says: In the ease of two'offices, I
think tho acceptance of the latter does absolutely, aud
ipso facto, avoid the former, although the superior
office, if they are incompatible. Bullur Justice ex-
pre T Uje same opinion. Williams* Abridgement,
In the case of The King vs. Sir Trelawney, Lord
Mansfield expressly said that if the two offices were
incompatible the acceptance of the latter would imply
a surrender of the former.—ibid.
Franchises may be forfeited by breach of the trust
upon which they are granted, and a perversion of the
end of their grant. So franchises may be forfeited by
misuser or abuser, or other misdemeanor iu him to
whom they are granted. Comyn’s Digest, vol. IV., 600.
So an office shall be lost by forfeiture, if he break
the conditions annexed to it by law, by non-user or
abuser. Comyn’s Digest, vol V., lol.
So if any within the realm having office, a fee by
the King's grant, attend not on him when the King
oes to his wars, he shall forfeit his office. Same,
,.161.
Bull, by Judge Clias-
which Governor Brown did not read, the purport of
which opinion is, that the prohibition as to ex, post
facto laws was intended to protect the person in crimi
nal prosecutions and not secure the citizen iu bin
private rights of property or contract 2 Dali is, 401.
How any court can construe an act to be ex post facto
which only inquires into the character and antecedents
of an applicant for office, aud provides no sanction ex
cept a refusal to confer future honors aud emoluments,
passes my comprehension.
Neither can it be said the act is unconstitutional, in
this, that it deprives a citizen of his property vrithout
due process of law; for if, as I have endeavored to
show, tho office (the property in controversy) has
beeu already determined by operation of law, how
can the proffer of the oath in the act deprive one of
what he does not possess, or yvork a forfeiture of pro
perty already forfeited? Nor is the objection that it
violates the clause of the Constitution which provides
that every one shall have the privilege of a hearing by
counsel any more tenable. It is in reality a petit lo
prhwipii, in this, that the question is not: shall the
accused have counsel ? but, who shall be entitled to
act as counsel ? Nor does presentation of a Presiden
tial pardon obviate these difficulties. It is really a
plea in confession and avoidance, aud it follows that if
a man ckn only resume his office by virtue of a par
don, that without that pardon he possesses no office.
It only requires a guarantee of future good faith.
I think 1 have demonstrated that no pardon can re
store a forfeited office, however much it rfiay qualify a
man for a new one. . The office has reverted back to
the grantor. All that a pardon could do, at best, would
be to place the recipient in statu qiCo ante'beKum; to
put him before the law just where he would have been
had he not committed the offence, and yet, even then
he would bo required to quality under this act -before
he could obtain a license to practice. The law- is gene
ral, applicable to loyal as well as disloyal citizens, to
the innocent as well as to the guilty. A pardon cer-
talnfy c%n confer no special privileges not possessed
by those requiring no pardou; vet if this law is con
stitutional, certainly a pardon which exempts a man
from an obligation binding upon another who had
QFFIOBR8,
PRESIDENT AND TREASURER,
COL. MAURICE S. LANGHORM5. 0
VINE PRESIDENTS,
GEN: JOHN B. GORDON, of Gtwrgia.
GEN. HARRY T. HAYS, of Louisiana.
GEN. JOHN B. GORDON,
Chief Agent at Atlanta, Gt.,
Agent for the State.
O. C. MYERS,
General Ageit,
SAVANNAH, GA-.
fll-V (iOOIIk Irl'flf’fiHfiu &,(• makers and patterns with which to supply Planters
"I J UWU! ’) UIUUCI1LS) “t.) and Country Merchants, whose attention we invite
NOS. 1 AND 2 SAM MIS’ BLOCK,
Bay Struct, Jacksonville, Florida.
1CI>. ii. SAM AS IS.
vfets.T. Paterson;
TIMBER,
Lumber & Commission
MEltCHANT,
Wo. 153 Rity Street, Savannah,
Darien, (reorgria.
. |F“ Ol'deis lor Lumber solicited. * dl
J. SHAFFER,
Commission Sealer
In all kinds of
FOREIGN AND D* 1MEST1C FRUITS and PRODUCE,
Wujt Washington Maskk-t,
Opposite 143 West at.. Bulkhead between Barela; and
Vessy sts.,
NEW Y O H K,
Potatoes, Apples and Onions constantly on hand, and
pat up for the Southern market
Ail consignments promptly nUenkcd to.
Refers to A. L. Bradley, A. Haywood, T. J,
Walsh, and J. H Parsons.
Ivl* eodly
BLAIR & BICKFORD,
LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, AND
DEALERS IN TIMBER AND LUM
BER OF EVERY DESCRIP
TION. «
DOORS, SASH, AMO BtollfOS.
TERMS 910 PER ANNUM.
Published in Folio Form, size of the New York
Herald. a23-tf
TO PLANTERS.
%1IS will keep constantly oh hand a full stock of
it Plows, Hoes, Corn Shelters, siraV Cutters;
Area, aud other Agricultural Implements of best
to our stock and think we can make It to tlieir inter
est to purchase of us.
BOUSE & BRYANT,
j2S-tf . 1W Bay street.
Excelsior Fire Insurance Compan/of New
York
800,000
Springfield Fire Insurance Company of New
York
Putnam Fire Insurance Company of Hart-
' ford •
Washington k'ue Insurance Company of
Baltimore
Gulf State Fire Insurance Company of Tal
lahassee...
too,000
(00,000
M0,COO
accident.
Travelers' of Hartford
*400,000
Marine and Firs
Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company
of Virginia #600,000
"Eufaula Home insurance Company of Ala
bama...... qnAAAn
Georgia Home Insurance Company, Oolum-
bus •
8(0,000
riu ASS ITS.
New England Mutual Life Insurance Com
pany of Boston $3,000,000
Knickerbocker Mutual Life Insurance Com-
^afl^of New York ^
V . •yj.WO.OQO
«Sk-
B HLLH of any weight required cast to order, at
short notlea An experience of over forty years
lu casting bells enables us to produce them of a su
perior quality.
HENRY N. HOOPER A CO.,
mg - 3m Boston, Mates,
°*x Open Foliates
fn Great Western, of New York.
In Commercial Mutual, of New Tork.
490 ACRES OF LAND
For One Dollar!
■ <
TO BE RAFFLED FOR,
O N the sixth day of June, one thousand eight hun
dred and. sixty-six,
AT THE SCREVEN HOUSE,
In the city of Savannah, Chatham County, state of
Georgia, by a committee of gentlemen selected by the
subscribers,
490 ACBES OF LAND,
Situated in Lowndes County, near Mill-
w town. State of Georgia.
Tbe Oldest Accident Insnranee Oiin’y
I^T AMERICA
Traveler’s Insurance Co.
OF HARTFORD,‘CONN.
nmrar^Uil, wonld confor a Very Important ^ | N et CdSh-ASSPtS, Feb. l, ’66, $600,849\j±
In fact, the onl/ serious argument advanced again&t
thisact, assuming what learued counsel assert that an
Attorney holds property in his office, is predicated
upon the assertion that it deprives a citizen of his
property without due course of law. Upon this
hangs every other objection. If this is unbound the
others Jail for want of a major * premises. It is not
penal for it inflicts no pains and penalties on the per
son. It cannot be ex pout facto unless it is penal. It
does not violate constitutional provision in compelling
a man to be a witness against himself, unless it Is a
criminal proceeding, and there can be no criminal
proceedings except under a penal etatutQ. It cannot
be aaid to deprive an accused of his right of counsel,
for iis very purport is to provide a way for the admis
sion of counsel.' A citizen is not permitted to intro
duce whom he pleases as counsel; he is pnly guaran
teed. the right to introduce one licensed to practice.
It cannot be said that it defiues offences unknown to
the constitution for treason; aiding- and abetting
treason, felonies and misdemeanors certainly include
any offences set forth in this act. Jt does not prescribe
a different and greater punishment than the constitu
tion allowed', for surely a denial of an attorney’s
license {however important learned counsel may c3n-
sider it) is more endurable than death, confiscation or
imprisonment.
Therefore, I maintain, 1st. That if the pro movent’s
former license constituted him au officer, and tnat
office was property, it has been forfeited by operation
of law.
2d. Of that forfeiture, resulting as it does from fijets
of public record, the Court must take judicial notice.
3d. That being forfeited, this motion simply is an
application for .admission under a.liey h cense *
4th. Being such au appl ication.-tlie act of 1865 only
rBU'i’ihflfi ii nmill6r»iH..m — •
Insures against Accidents of all
Kinds,"
CAUSING BODILY INJURY OH LOSS OF LIFE. ’
IT IS CHEAP.
A policy for $6,000 in case of fatal accident, or$26
per week'in case of disablingiiyurv, costs but $21
to $30 per year. Any sum from $500 to $.0,000,
with $3-to $50 weekly compensation, at proportion
ate rates. Policies written fop three or five yeais, a
a liberal discount. ..
H . ... ,ix ii vaiVEvaav-
' This Company insures against ail sorts of Occi
dents, whelher.tSey o^cnr in traveling, working in
the shop- or factory,walking in thentreet, swimming,
riding, hunting, fishing, etc. I( foSH policies for
ail persous, in all ports of the United States and
Canadas, and grants permits to visit buy part of the
world, rtils Insurance is sought after and valued
by all classes of men,-rich Or poor.
prescribes a qualification.
5th. That tho qualification proscribed is perfectly
constitutional.
There is another phase of this question to. which I
wish to call attention, which, although it-does not* bear
upon the constitutionality oil this law. has a very im-
portaut bearing upon this motion, and is worthy ol'
serious consideration. By tile act of 1789. it is pro
vided that the Supreme Court may make such rules
and regulations as to practioe of Uie Inferior Courts—
the Qiacuit and Biatrfct—as it may fieem proper and
it ia well setMed that whenever a rule oftlfefinterior
Court conflicts with any rule oT the Supreme Court it
is invalid, and that whenever the Supreme Court
adopts a rule affecting the practice or the Inferior
Courts, it is obligatory as a decisioq until rescinded.
This;point has been even recently reiterated 2
•Black, 509.
The Supreme Court, on Man'll 10, .1805, amended
the second rule by embodying therein tbe oath con-
fofaind in this act, and ordered that all otfleers'bf -fhe
Court shall subscribe to the oath contained in the said
act.
Now, although this order is not iu terms directed to
the Inferior Courts, there can be up doubt that it is iu
intent, and should be by them respected as such. It
expresses, also. Indirectly tho opinion of the Supreme
Court upon the constitutionality of the act, for it wonld
be unallowable to suppose tlia. highest Court of tho
land wbnld embody in their own rules a law they be
lieved or suspected of being in violation of the Const:'
tutfon.
Much ban been said about the hardship of this law.
IV is a mere agtravaganza to say that it deprives a man
of his profession. Jt only denies his privilege to sxer-
IT 18 RELIABLE. .
The TRAVELER'S of Hartford ia the Oldest Acci
dent Insurance Company in the United Stales, aud
established on a firm basis. It" Has issued many
ilKtthjands of policlt-iL pays ejaunafor compensation
almost ila'ily, and its business is steadily increasing.
Rs capital is ample. Its directory 61 The highest char
acter, and it has paid over-Onfe Ttiousaud .Lowes,
without contesting one.
era .-■• IdlriWnfsaai hojW»a«-
NU ,11 KOI CAL KXA SI IN AT ION RE
QUIRED.
Three cents a day will insure a man for $2000
or $10 weekly compensation, for tme year.
J. G. BATTBItSON, President.
Rodney Dxnnib, see. -
*- ’ A. WILtJPE,- ^
*1 J. T. THOMAS,
GREEN * IT'
J, 0. McNUU
m!0 * 'Agent*, Savannah.
FOOTMAN,
dcNULTY.
suron wmnsoH,
HARNESS, SADHLERT
AXO
TRUNKST0RE k
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
Under St.lAndrew’s Ball* Broughton St,
SAVA.TOTA-EI, ~<3-A*
Mill and Lumbr-r Yard on Canal, near Bryan street
Ctfice Iso Bay street,
diS-tf Savnnnah. Ga.
Alfbed R. Bennett, I N Y nrk
Tea. C. Van Pelt, / wew * orlc
Chab. H. Bennett,
Raleigh, N.C.
Bennett, Van Felt & Co.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOB TBE SALE OF
tATTON TOBACCO, NAVAL STORES, fTS.,1
ALSO,
FOR THE PURCHASE AND SALE OF STATE AND
OTHER STOCKS,
' 33 Whitehall St., New Yorlc,
The projected Brunswick and Florida Railroad ran
nlng through the southeast part, offers great facility
for removing to the seaboard the fine cypress, pine
and other timber to be found on this lot, and a hand
some sum may be had from the Railroad Company
lor the privilege of running their cars.through it.
Arrangements may also be satlsfectorflyentered into
with them (the Railroad Company) for making it a
wood station to supply their locomotives with fuel.
A stream of water runs through tht9 laud, and lov
ers of the piscatorial art can indulge their fancy at
all seasons of the yesr.-
The quality of the soil in Lowndes county is too
highly appreciated for any comments to be made on
the above.
TITLES CLEAR—The winner paying for the trans
fer of the same to his name, and he (the winner) Is to
pay also one hundred dollars to the Savannah Fe
male Orphan Aaylnm. The present owner of the
land pledges himself to give one hundred dollars to
the Savannah Metropolitan Fire Company, if all tbe
subscriptions are taken np.
Subscription—Tickets, six thousand in nnmber,
at one dollar each. Can be purchased at the Music
Store of j. C. SCHREINER A SON, Congress street,
Savannah, Georgia, where a Plat of the above named
Land can be seen. , a9-tf
AARON WILBUR, Agent
No. 89 Bay Street
TIIK G-REAT
SOUTHERN AND WESTERN
Life and Accident -
INSURANCE COMPANY
ew Orleans-
Capital,
$300,000
GEN. JAMES LOKGSTREET.Presiieit.'
We have associated-with us Mr.D. W. Cdbtis, late
Public Treasurer for North Carolina. n9-fim
g. el Lamar, jun.,
Successor toG. B. & G. W. Lamae,
General GofnmissigfcMerchants
Forwarding aid Stripping Agents,
"Ko. 1*3 BAY* STREET (up stairs.)
Defer to Geo. W. Anderson, John C. Fcrrll and G.
B. Lamar, Savannah ; W. R.' Jackson, Josiah Sibley
k Sons, J B. and J. W. Walker, AUgusta. Consign
ments solicited. mylO
JAMES B. DAWKINS,
Atiorney-at-Law and Solicitor
in Equity,
GAINESVILLE, EAST FLORIDA.
li.lawly
1 SHARES Central Railroad and Banking Com-
A t> i pany Stock
38 shares Havanas!) A Augusta Railroad Stock
5 shares Ralontoo branch Railroad Mock.
82 thures Atlantic k Gulf Railroad Stock
' 1‘JahareB Savannah Gas Company Stock
3ifl0 City of Savannah Bonds
-. u For sale by
BRIGHASf, BALDWIN A CO.
myll-tf
CRUTCHES
WU awarded at t he American
TSXZSSknmLmdState Fairot Pa, 18*5, for
Crotches Hartman’s Patent Elastic Rubber Crutcnc*
are nrouounced by surgeons, and everybody else, to be
the verv best ever Invented. They are easy and con-
. « naMlnoia'nl tha ttarona Jnamat
others, aud we in ell respe< . . _
circular Agents wanted everywhere LOVEJOY A
TAYLOR, sole Manufacturers, No. 41 Gy, Broadway
N. Y. x' 6m-n23
Lumber Yard and Planing Mill.
urjt the undersigned, have formed a co|
H f&j' J
ipaitnaiabip
for the purpose of building cars, planing and
dealing <0 lmnner. Having control of several mills,
we are prepared to flit orders at short notice. Lum
ber planod to order and delivered in any .part of the
city. The business will be carried on in tpe name of;
J. J. Dale A Co., at corner Price and
near the A. k G. depot,
, bovannah, Ga. v. •
JAMBS F. HOBSON.
a!0-2m*
JOHN MoDONOUGH.
J. J. DALE.
First-class Board,
tl/ iTH or without Rooms; also; Stable and Rooms
* v in the rear. Apply at 114 Bryan street, op-
poaite th. Market, to
myi
Bryan street, op-
MRS. K. VICK.
Copartnership Notice.
VHR eopartn.rdMp heretofore exfeting under tbe
a name of Comstock 4k Kinsey, will continue aft
this date under the linn name or -
•fit* T. L. KINSEY A CO.
ABE PKZPABID TO
TAKE RISKS
Reamouable Tori
my21-tf
WILLIAM C. COSENS, Agent,
At Marine Bank.
LIFE INSURANCE'.
THE KNICKERBOCKER
LIFE INSURANCE CO. OFN.Y.
SoatGern Branci Office, 89 Bay St.,
SAVANNAH, GA.
Wilbur,
- BLANCEVILLE
SLATE HUONG COMP Y,
VAN WERT, POLK OO., OA.
dlp’1 stock, *000,00o
- shares, $to EACH.
OiEmEoiOaa—H. Brigham, J. F. Dever, E. C. Gran.
nim,.A Whbaznad A- K. ManhaU. n f
- Pkaidxht—A. Wilbur. Savannah, Ga.
Fwn Faiauiaa repR. C. Gramriss,Macon, Ga.
BgimEEABr—A. B. Maiahall, Atlanta, Ga.
iT will' soon be prepared to fill any
^ Hate, however large, foe roofing, lot
furniture mxnufoctnred out of slate, for lintels, for
pnvemeaAaad fsr any other msea to which slate can
be applied. The qonny ia convenient to the cities of
Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Many and Columbus.
Ga.-. to the. duesanfclaak.Montgomery and Mobile,
Ala.; to New Orleaua, and will shortly be to Mem
yhia hia.tadfi. Lsnis, Mo. The superiority:
sfote for roofing puruoeea, and. Ita special adaptabl e
to varioua articles ot Tarnltufe ana for pavement.
well known.
Orders may be addressed to
' ’ ’ ’ A. B. MARSHALL. Secy,
W .itfilli; : Atlanta.
G R EATS OUTHEftN
|EB ,
1 etockoT Ledger; ’
Papen, of ill siawand weights; also,
Cwd Boards, Prlnte/a’ Caroa, Rnvefoi
[files
Jmml Ga.
constantlvon hand
aMtWrepptag
: v ; .« jw
bi
tfi ttgelrtsArectltam the ianm
ahR lo eqropefe with New York
all hiadi of papas
No Extra Charge for Southern
Residence,
ONE KATE OF PREMIUM AT.!,
THE UNITED STATES.
OVER
ERr-Policies written at this office in anv form de
sired. '«#
THE
OGLETHORPE INSURANCE CO.
OF SAVANNAH
Arc prepared to take '* .
Fire Ms os Reasonable Terms,
At their Office, 11T Bay Street.
H. W. MERCER, President.
J. T. Thomas, Sec.'
H..W. Mercer
C. S. Hardee
William Hunter
A. 8. nartridge
A. Porter '
R. Morgan
J. Stoddard
J. T. Thomas
W. Remshart
F. L. Gne
H. A. Crane
A. A Solomons
M. Hamilton
W. W. Gordon
a my T-tf
Direotorff:
M. 8. Cohen
J. Lama '
J. W. Kevttt
* D G. Puree
A. Fnllarton
J. McMahon
L. i. Gullmartin *
F. W. Sims
1 O. Bntler
R. Lanhlison
E. P. Claton, Augusta
J. W. Knott. Macon
B. F. Ross, Macon
W. H. Young, CotomhaM
(Lato Steele A Burl
1-1 Merchants’ Row,
, And corner King and Otorg*
^tALLS the attention of WhotoMUh and
Caps, Field Glasses, Oanatlsfa,
J*
&
nfeii
J. W. STEELE,
km of IF
chosen to his superior stock of
MUiUiry ai?;d Navrfl Clothing,
FURW8HINQ 600D8,