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Savakkao, Geo
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JO 15 PlilNTING,
fn.ovory style, neatly and promptly done.
JEFFERSON DIWIS IN PRISON
Scenes and Incidents of the Life
of the Ex-Confederate Presi
dent in the Casemate at
Fortress Monroe.
Extracts
from the Diary
Surgeon.
of the Post*
KI(KIRS OF HIS CONFINEMENT.
Opinions of tlie Confederate Leader on
Sorial and Political Affairs.
[CONTINUED.]
Mr. Lincoln's Assassination.—E x-President Pierce.
Torture of tteing Constantly Watched.—Mr. Davis
on the Members of his Cabinet and tJie Opponents
Qf his Administration.—Touching Tribute to the
Memory of “ .stonewall” Jackson..
Sunday. July llth.—Was sent for by Mr. Davis, and
called in company with Captain R. O. Bickley, officer
of the day.
Found prisoner very desponding, the failure of his
sight troubling him, and his nights almost without
sleep. His present treatment wfb killing him by
inches, and he wished shorter work could be made of
his tormeur. He had hoped lung since for a trial,
which should be public, and therefore with some sem
blance of fairness; but hope deterred was making his
heart sick. The odious, malignant aud absurd insin
uation that he was connected in some manner with
the great crime aud foilv of Mr. Lincoln's assassina
tion was his chief personal motive for so earnestly de-
sinug an early opportunity of vindication. But apart
from this, as he was evidently made the representa
tive in whose person the actiou of the seceding States
was to be argued and decided, he yet more strol
desired for this reason to be beard in behalf of the
defeated, but to him still sacred cause. The defeat he
accepted, as a man has to accept all necessities of accom
plished fact; but to vindicate the theory and justice
of his cause, showing by the authority of the Consti
tution and the Fathers of the Country, that his people
had only assorted a right—had committed no crime;
this was the last remaining labor which life could im
pose ou him as a public duty. Mr. Davis then spoke
of ex-President Franklin Pierce in terms of warm ad
miration, as the public man who had studied consti
tutional law, and the relation of the States to highest
profit, remarking, that if he were given any choice of
counsel, Air. Pierce would be oue of those whose ad
vice he would think most reliable. He also spoke of
Air. Charles Fames, of Washington, as a walking ency
clopaedia of constitutional law, very accurate and ready
in his reference to precedents; adding that he had
seen a report in the Herald that Messrs. Reverdy
Johnson, of Maryland, and Charles O’Connor, of New
iork, had professed their readiness to assume his
defence, when approached by some of his friends for
that purpose, for which lie felt grateful, both person
ally and lor his people. His own fate was of no im
portance in this matter, save to the Orovernment, on
which history would devolve the responsibility for bis
treatment. Martyrdom, while representing the delib
erate action of his people, would be immortality, bat
lor the sake 01 justice, not merely to his .own people,
but to the whole American people, whoa«9foture liber
ties were now at stake in his person, a fair and public
v™. mow tbe necessity of the situation.
My people, h«- u.u u d, - uuomptod mat yemr
people denounced as a revolution. My people foiled;
but your people have suffered a revolution which must
prove disastrous to their liberties unless promptly
remedied by legal decision, in their efforts to resist
the revolution which they charged my people with
contemplating. State sovereignty, the corner-stone
of the Constitution, has become a name. There is no
longer power, or will, in any State, or number of
Statee, that would dare refuse compliance with any
tinkle of Mr. Seward’s bell.”
Mr. Davis complained that his sleeplessness was ag
gravated by the lamp kept burning in his room all night,
so that he could be seen at all moments by the guard
in the outer cell. If he happened to doze oue feverish
moment, the noise of relieving guard iu the next room
aroused him, and the lamp poured its full glare into
his aching and throbbing eyes. There must be a
change iu this, or he would go crazy, or blind, or.
both.
“Doctor,” he said, “had you ever the conscious
ness of being watched ? Of having an eye fixed on
you e\ ery moment, intently scrutinizing your most
minute actions, and the variations of your counten
ance aud posture V The consciousness that the Omni
scient Eye rests upon us, in every situation, is the
most consoling aud beautiful belief of religion. But
to have a human eye riveted on you in every moment
ot waking or sleeping, sitting, walking, or lying down,
is a refinement of torture on anything the Camanches
or Spanish Inquisition ever dreamed. They, in their
ignorance of cruel art, only struck at the body: and
;he nerves have a very limited capacity of pain. This
is a maddening, incessant torture of the mind, in
creasing with every moment it is endured, and shaking
the reason by its incessant recurrence of miserable
pain. Letting a single drop of water fall on the head
every sixty seconds does not hurt at first, but its vic
tim dies of raving agony, it is alleged, if the indiotion be
continued. The torture of being incessantly watched
is, to the mind, what the water-dropping is to the
body, but more afflictive, as the mind is more sus
ceptible of pain. The Eye of Omuiscence looks upon
us with tenderness and compassion; even if conscious
of guilt, we have the comfort of knowing that Eye sees
also our repentance. But the human eye forever fixed
upon you is the eye of a spy, or enemy, gloating in
the pain and humiliation which itself creates. I
have lived too long in the woods to be frightened by_
an owl, and have seen death too often to dread any
form of pain. But I confess, Doctor, this torture of
being watched begins to prey on my reason. The
lamp burning in my room all night would seem a tor
ment devised by some one who had intimate knowl
edge of my habits, my custom having been through
life never to sleep except in total darkness.''
This conversation, so far as related to its medical
aspect, I deemed it my duty to communicate 1 that af
ternoon to Major-General Miles, who couldnotromove
the lamp altogether, but directed that it should ba
screened at night, so that no direct and glaring beams
should be thrown into the prisoner’s eyes.
Soon after this interview, I received a third letter
from Mrs. Davis, as follows:
.Savannah, Ga. July 2, 1865.
La. J. J. Ckaven:
My Dear Sir—I have written to you three times, and
no answer has been returned; but 1 am not capable of
the *’still yet bravo despair,” which I know is required
in my hopeless position. ’Thanks to God, that He has
raised you up a “present help” iu my husband’s time
of trouble are daily rendered.
Am I intrusive in offering gratitude and earnest
prayers for your welfare and that ol your household,
aud lor your maniy disregard of everything but the
suffering man before you ? I know you have been
kind, for the only concordance between any of the
numberless harrowing statements which daily agonize
me, ib that you are always represented as kind to him
—as ministering to his necessity. The last account
tells me that your wife aud little daughter are also
kind enough to attend to his w ants. With my grati
tude and joy that even in such a dungeon, separated
irom all hi« earthly ties he is not alone, comes the sad
memory that I can do nothing but write fo say how I
love them for their goodness; how 1 long to see their
laces before my eyes arc closed in death I I am not
aione in offering to them loving thanks—our whole
people join me in offering acknowledgments to them
aud to you. Many little children, besides my own
poor little ones, have asked-me if I had a likeness of-
your family, that they might form an idea of those
whose kiuduess has become to them household.words.
Still no word of comforting response comes to me
from you. I will not annoy you by importunities;
but pray that we may meet at some future day, when
such painful circumstances as now surround mo may
have been swept away by God’s christianizing grace.
When “martial faith and courtesy” may again dic
tate the action ol those who now hold my suffering
husband “a prisoner of war,” but treat him like a
felon, a heart full of gratitude, overflowing in earnest,
constant prayers for you, and for your dear wife, and
uttle Annie, is all I have to offer; and these are ever
present to
Yours most gratefully,
Vabina Davis.
- —Called on Mr. Da via, accompanied by
-apt. Grill, 3d Pennsylvania Artillery, officer of the
a ay- Found him extremely weak, and growing more
farmed about his sight, which was failing rapidly,
ine phenomenon had occurred to him ot seeing ail
objects double, duo chiefly to his nervous debility and
ne oyer taxation of coustant reading. Prescribed
•umulants internally—weak brandy and water with
msmeals to aid digestion—and a stimulating wash.
some remarks he had seen in one of the New York
papers led Mr. Davis to speak of the difficulties which
•d surrounded his administration,
f tjf Cabinet had been selected during the formation
J? 1110 Provisional Government at Montgomery, when
^•ere w.-re tut states in the Confederacy from
which to select or accept Secretaries, and when all
were in dire confusion—even those of farthest
*i ln public affairs with but little prevision of
lay before them. Georgia as the largest State
“Pjeaeuted in the Provisional Congress* claimed the
aimS recommended Mr. Toombs—
trow “ turml force and capaciey, bat • des-
* J not » builder up ; a man of reatleaa nature, a
bom Jacobin, though with honest intentions. Ala
bama, aa the second State, claimed tha portfolio of
War, and nominated Pope Walker tor the position—a
gentleman of excellent intentions, but wholly without
the requisite experience or capacities for so vast a
trust. Sauth Carolina placed Mr. Memminger in the
Treasury, aud while he respected the man, the utter
Cal hire of Confederate finance was the future of the
cause. Had Mr. Memminger aoted promptly ou the
proposition of depositing cotton in Europe and hold
ing it there for two years as a basis for their currency,
their circulating medium might have maintained it
self at par to the closing day of the struggle; and that
in itself would have Insured victory. Louisiana sent
Benjamin, the abhst and most faithfnl member of his
advisory council; a man who realized that industry is
the mistress of success, and who had no personal as
pirations, no wishes that were not subordinate to the
prosperity of the cause. In the early part of the war,
Benjamin furnished a parallel to Mr. Seward, both be
lieving and avowing that the impending crisis would
not last longer than sixty or ninety days, though
Benjamin relaxed no labor or preparation on that ac-
oount. Texas had the Postal Department, in the per
son of Mr. Beagan, who was a plain, strong man, of
good common sense and a good heart, faithful to the
cause with zealous fidelity, aud faithful to the last,
though endowed with no peculiar administrative abil
ities, and one of those who had not labored to precip
itate secesssion,. though accepting it heartily as a po
litical necessity when it came. The Navy Department
went to'Florida,and was filled by Mr. Mallory, who had
large experience in the Naval Committee of the United
States Senate. It was complained that there had been
remissness in this department, no Confederate war
vessel having been commenced ifntil eight or nine
months after the act of secession. In these com
plaints there was doubtless some truth; but after an
event happened, prophesying was cheap. No one at
that day could have foreseen the extent or prolongation
of the struggle, and the belief was common, if not na
tural, that the necessities of Europe would compel
foreign nations to raise the blockade, and finally bring
the naval resources of England and France to tile aid
of his people.
Being interested by what Mr. Davis said of the failure
of the Confederate currency as the failure of the cause,
and of some scheme by which it might have been pre
vented, I expressed my curiosity and prevented to
. request some explanation, as there appeared to me no
manner in which Confederate paper could have been
sustained at par.
Mr. Dari, replied that one rule of his life was,
never to express regret for the inevitable; to let the
dead bury its dead in regard to all political hopes that
were not realized. Fire is not quenched with tow,
norths past to be remedied by lamentations. It wonld,
however, have been possible, in his judgment, to have
kept the currency of his people good for gold, or very
nearly so, during the entire struggle, and had this
been done the contrast, if nothing else, would have
reduced United States securities to zero, and so ter
minated the contest. The plan urged upon Mr. Mem
minger was aa follows—a plan Mr. Davis privately ap
proved, but bad not time to study aud take the respon -
sibility of directing, until too late:
At the time of secession there were not less than
three million bales of cotton in the South—plantation
bales, ot 400 hundred pounds weight each. These the
Secretary of the Treasury recommended to buy from
the planters, who were then willing, and even eager,
to sell to the government, at ten cents per pound in
Confederate currency. These three million bales were
to be rushed off to Europe before the blockade was of
any efficiency, and there held for one or two years,
until the price reached not less than 70 or 80 cents per
pound—and we all know it reached much higher
during the war. This would have given a cash basis
in Europe of not less than a thousand million dollars
in gold, and all securities drawn against this balance
in bank would maintain par value. Such a sum
would have more than sufficed all the needs of
the Confederacy during the war; would have sufficed,
with economic management, for a war of twice the
actual duration; and this evidence of Southern pros
perity and stability could not but have acted power
fully on the minds, the securities and the avarice of
the New England rulers of the North. He was far
from reproaching Mr. Memminger. The situation
was new. No one coaid have foreseen the course of
events. When too late the wisdom of the proposed
measure was realized, but the inevitable “too late"
was interposed. The blockade had become too
stringent, for one reason, and the planters had lost
their pristine confidence in Confederate currency.
When we might have put silver in the purse, we did
not put it there. When we had only silver on the
tongue, our promises were forced to become exces
sive.
I asked how Mr. Memminger bad obtained promi
nence in so aristocratic a State as South Carolina, the
report being that he wob a foundling born with little
claim to either wealth or name. Mr. Davis said he
knew nothing of the matter, and immediately turned
away the conversation, appearing displeased.
When Mr. Benjamin was made Secretary of War,
Mr. Davis continued—Mr. Walker having proved a
failure—Congress was pleased to blame him for the
successes of General Burnside at Boanokc Island, aud
so forth; events which no human activity or foresight,
with the forees at his command, conld have averted.
Congress in some respects was slow to provide against
reverses, but never lacking in promptness to find a
scapegoat. From the first, there was a strong party
in tho South—or rather in the Southern Congress and
political life—arrayed against his administration.—
They never deemed it wise to attack him personally or
directly, for his people were devotedly and nobly
faithful to the representative of their selection; bnt
the plan was to assail any man or measure in whom or
which Mr. Davis was supposed—often erroneously—to
take special interest. He himself was much to blame
for this, perhaps—his fidelity to friendship ana tbe
natural combattiveness of his nature, prompting him
to assume as personal to himselfi any assaults di
rected against men or measures for whose appoint-
——- „r -—CT -— Ire —— 111 any aegree ■ TeBpon-
sible. This was a fault of his temperament, bnt each
man must accept himself us ho stands, and that man
does well who makes out of himself the best pos
sible.
Toombs, even when in tbe Cabinet, had been im
practicable and restless. Ont of it he be-
came an active malcontent, and was power
fully supported in every perverse and perni
cious suggestion by Governor Brown, of Georgia.
Vice-President Stephens had lent the government no
assistance, continually holding himself aloof from
Bichmond—perhaps on account of ill health ; but cer
tainly his health must have been very wretched in
deed, if poorer than that of Mr. Davis, during many of
his most trying and laborious months. Be the cause
what it might, however, the absence, if not apathy, of
Mr. Stephens, had been an element of weakness, and.
led him to be regarded by the malcontents as a friend
and pillar of their cause. In South Carolina, there
was the Rhett faction ; never At home save when in
the attitude of contradiction : men whose lives were
expended in the negative, and who often recalled to
his mind the contradictory gentlemen described by
Sydney Smith, who, when he had no one else to quar
rel with, threw up his window at night for the pur
pose of contradicting the watchman who was shout
ing, "Two o'clock—all well.” The only open assail
ant he hadin Congress wag Senator Foote, of his own
StateLa man of no acoount or credit; an inveterate
place-hunter and mere politician, who appeared labor
ing under a constitutional inability either to see any
thing correctly, or to report correctly what he had
seen.
Of Stonewall Jackson, Mr. Davis spoke with tho ut
most tenderness, and some touch of reverential feel
ing, bearing witness to his earnest and pathetic piety,
his singleness of aim, his immense energy as an exe
cutive officer, and the loyalty of his nature, making
obedience the first of all duties. "He roseevery morn
ing at three." said Mr. Davis ; "performed his devo
tions for half an hour, and then went booming along
at the head of his command, which came to be called
■Jackson’s foot cavalry,' from the velocity of their
movements. He had the faculty, or rather gift, of ex
citing and holding tbe love and confidence of his men
to an unbounded degree, even though the character
of his campaigning imposed on them more hardships
than on any other troops in the service. Good sol
diers care not for their Individual sacrifices when ade
qnate results ean be shown ; and these General Jack-
son never lacked. Hard fighting, hard marching,
hard fare, the strictest discipline—all these men will
bear, if visibly approaching the goal of their hopes.
They want to get done with Hie war, hack to their
homes and families ; and their instinct soon teaches
them which commander is pursuing tbe right means
to accomplish these results. Jackson was a singular
ly ungainly man on horseback, aud had nanny pecu
liarities of temper, amounting to violent idiosyncra
sies ; bnt everything in his nature, though here and
there uncouth, was noble. Even in the heat of action,
and when most exposed, he might be seen throwing
up bis hands in prayer. For glory he lived long
enough." continued Mr. Davis with much emotion ;
"and if this result had to come, it was the Divine
mercy that removed him. He fell like the eagle, his
own feather on the shaft that was dripping with his
life-blood. In his death the Confederacy lost an eye
and arm, onr only consolation being that the final
summons conld have reached no soldier more pre
pared to accept it joyfuHy. Jackson was not of a san
guine turn, always privately anticipating the worst,
that the better might be more welcome.”
Mr. Davi3 Seriously IU—Restrictions on Correspon-
ponCUmce with Ms Wife—Clement C. Clay—A Ram
part Interview—Religious Phase of Mr. Davis’
Character.
-Called on Mr. Davis, CapL Korte, 3d
~ T the
JMtu g»®. _ , _.
Pennsylvania Artillery, being officer of the day, and
of course, my companion. Was requested to call by
Major-General Miles, who had received report that
prisoner was seriously ill.
Found Mr. Davis in a very critical state; his ner
vous debility extreme ; his mind more despondent
than ever heretofore; his appetite gone; complexion
livid, and pulse denoting deep prostration of all the
physical energies. Was much alarmed, and realized
with painful anxiety the responsibilities of my posi
tion. If he were to die in prison, and without trial,
■abject to such severities as bad been inflicted on his
attenuated frame, tbe world would form unjust con
clusions, bnt conclusions with enough color to pass
them Into history. It seemed to me, let me frankly
confess, due to the honor of America, and the future
alorr ot onr struggle for national existence, that this
result should not happen.
Mr. Davis asked me oonld nothing be done to better
his condition, or secure him the justice of a trial be
fore death. The effort of his people to establish a
country had failed, and they had no country now but
America. It was for the honor of America, not less
than for hit own, and for justice to his cause, that he
pleaded.
Assured Mr. Davis that no effort of care or such
skill aa I possessed should be wanting for his benefit.
Then commenced conversation on various topics, seek
ing to divert bis mind from the afflictions preying on
it
Talking of the Confederate flag and the various flags
under which tbe regiments of each State fought, I
mentioned having once seen a enrions practical reali
zation of the flag of South Carolina—the palmetto-tree
and rattlesnake.
Tbs day {after the success 0 i Admiral DuPont at
Port Royal, and the landing of Sherman's expedition
-.ffAaaOT
camp of the expelled troope. There, twisted around
the trank of a palmetto tree, and held in bis place
round it by ligatures of reeds, was a dead rattlesnake,
tbe largest I bad ever seen, some eight feet long, end
probably nearly a hundred pounds weight. It bad
undoubtedly been placed there in eport by some of
the cavalry «a an emblem of the flag of their State.
"It was a good omen for yon,” said Mr. Davis,
with s feint smile, and then commenced talking of
tbe makes on the Soothers coast.
Mr. Davis said when hi bad last been out on the
ramparts he bad met 1f.r. C. C. Clay, similarly walking
under guard. Clay waa looking wretchedly, and
realize more acutely his
Men at sea in a skip never
frail the vessel is they are on
board, until their counterpart in some closely passing
vessel is brought under notice. Absorbed in eTfries
and the emotions of the scene, be bad previously
felled to realize his situation, with an officer at his
side as custodian, and four bayonets pacing
him to secure that he should make no effort to
The moment Mr. Clay passed, his own attuatio
revealed; and nothing bnt bis strong convidtion that
to remain in his cell wonld be equivalent to suicide,
conld induce him to parade again in the mnfe man
ner. As he passed Mr. Clay, they exchanged a few
words in French, nothing more, than the compli
ments of the. day and an inquiry for each other’s
health; bnt It seemed this had alarmed the officer,
who did not understand the language, Mr. Clay not
being permitted to pass him again, batbeing inarched
off to another part of the ramparts. Clay wad natural
ly delicate, of an atrabilions type, and his appearance
denoted that he most be suffering severely.
Replied that I had been attending Mr. CUy, and
saw nothing in hiB state to occasion alarm. He had a
tendency to asthma, bnt that was a long-lived disease.
Mr. Davis inquired how Clay was fed. Replied that at
first he had received solders' rations, bnt latterly, his
condition demanding it, had been fed from the
hospital. Mr. Davis expressed much sympathy for
his fellow-sufferer, begging me to do whatever 1 pro
fessionally could for his relief, and to hold up his
hands. Let me here remark that, despite a certain
exterior cynicism of manner, no patient has ever
crossed my path, who, suffering so much himself, ap
peared to feel so warmly and tenderly for others.—
Sickness, as a general rule, is sadly selfish; its own
pains and infirmities occupying too much of its
thoughts. • With Mr. Davis, however, the rule did not
work, or rather be waa an exception calling attention
to its general trntb.
Prisoner complained bitterly of the restrictions im
posed by General Miles on his correspondence with
his wife ; certain subjects, and those perhaps of most
interest, being forbidden to both. The Convicts in
> State prisons were allowed this liberty unimpeded, or
only subject to the supervision of the Chaplsln, whose
scrutiny had a religions and kindly character—that of
a Father Confessor. His letters, on the contrary, had
to be sent open to General Miles, and from him; he
understood, similarly open to the Attorney
What unbosoming of confidence—mutual griefs; mu
tual hopes, the interchange of tendePest sympathies—
was possible, or wonld be delicate under suoh a sys
tem! He pictured idle young staff-officers here, or
yet more pittifnl clerks in tho Law Department at
Washington, grinning over any confessions of pain,
or terms of endearment, he might be tempted to use;
and this thought embittered the pleasure such corres
pondence might otherwise have conferred. The re
lationship of husband and wife was the inner vesti
bule of the temple—the holy of holies—in poor hu
man life; and who could expose its secrects or lay. his
heart bare on his aleeve, for such daws to peck at?
Even criminals condemned to death for honioufi
crimes, were allowed not only free correspondence
with their wives, but interviews at which no jailor
stood within earshot. What possible public danger
could there be from allowing such letters to pass
without scrutiny ? Time will set all theBe petty tyr
annies in their true light. He that first pleadeth bis
own cause seems justified ; but his neighbor oometh
and searcheth him. If the privilege were over
abused—if anything he wrote to his wife were pub
lished to the detriment of the government, or tend
ing to disturb Hie peace, what easier than to say,
“This previlege has been abused and must cease ?"
July ‘list.—Visited prisoner with Captain Evans, 3d
Pennsylvania Artillery, officer of the day. Mr. Davis
better, but still in bed ; the Bible and Prayer-Book
his usual companions. Complained that his irritation
of sight made reading painfnl; bnt there was conso
lation for greater sacrifice in what he read.
There was no afiectation of devoutneas or asceti
cism in my patient; but every opportunity I had of
seeing him convinced me more deeply of his sincere
religions convictions. He was fond of referring to
passages of Scripture, comparing text with text ;
dwelling on the divine beauty of the imagery, and the
wonderful adaptation of the whole to every conceiva
ble phase and stage of human life. Nothing that any
man’s individual experience, however strange, conld
bring home to him, but had been previously foretold
and described, with its proper lesson or promise of
hope, in the sacred volume. It was the only absolute
wisdom, reaching all varieties of existence, because
comprehending the whole ; and besides its inspired
universal knowledge, all tne learning of humanity
waa but foolishness. Tbe Psalms were his favorite
portion of the Word, and had always been. Evidence
of their divine origin was inherent in their text
Only an intelligence that held tha life-threads of the
entire human family could have thus pealed forth in
a single cry every wish, joy, fear, exaltation, hope,
passion, and sorrow of Hie human heart. There were
moments, while speaking on religious subjects, in
which Mr. Davis impressed me more than any professor
of Christianity I had ever heard. There was a vital ear
nestness in bis discourse ; a clear, almost passionate
grasp in his faith ; and the thought would frequently
recur, that a belief capable of consoling such sorrows
as his, possessed and thereby evidenced, a reality—a
substance—which no sophistry of the infidel conld
discredit.
To this phase of the prisoner’s character I have
heretofore rather avoided calling attention for several
reasons, prominent of which, though an unworthy
one, was this : My knowledge that many, if not a ma
jority of my readers, would approach the character of
Mr. Davis with a preconception of dislike and distrait,
and ft aonsequeuv amu. aui «U forcing an their
attention of this phase of his character, before their
opinion had been modified by such glimpses as are
herein given, might only challenge a baaa and false
imputation or hypocrisy against oue than wnom, III
my judgment, no more devont exemplar of Christian
faith, and its Talne as a consolation, now lives, what
ever may have been his political crimes or errors.
And here, dropping the note-book a moment, let
me say a few wordB in my own character—a reflection
continually brought to my notice by each day’s fur
ther acquaintance with Mr. Davis :
Is it not true that the chief mistakes and prejudices
of public opinion come from our not understanding—
not seeking to understand—the true motives and char
acters of the men to whom we are opposed? Blind
and hot-headed partisanship, speaking in the haste of
the press and tbe heat of the rostrum, accepts with
out evidence whatever epithet of infamy can be ap
plied to tbe object of Its dislike ; no stories of gnilt or
folly that can degrade or render hateful the foeman we
stand arrayed against, can be too monstrous to find
believers, at least while the struggle lasts. But in a
few years, as we recede from the convulsed and fren
zied period of Hie strife, we grow to be ashamed of the
malignant delusions which have so grossly cheated
our senses ; and before history takes up the pen to re
cord her final judgment, the world will be, Filling to
concede that tho man was not utterly bad—had, in
fact, great redeeming virtues—who waff, par most
prominent foe ; and tbs* no movement eg. vast, and
eliciting such' intense devotion on the part of its par
tisans as the late Southern rebellion, could have grown
up into its gigantio proportions without containing
many elements of truth and good, which it may. profit
future ages to study attentively, though -the means
taken for the assertion of its principles store' false,
criminal, aud only fraught with disaster. ’
To anticipate a little what must be the inevitable
courae of events, to give the public such opportunity
as was given the writer of Judging Jefferson Davis
from a clearer Btand-point, and to save the present
generation of the North from the fetal error of con
tinuing to regard and treat as a coohnon criminal the
chief actor opposed tons in a struggle the moat gi
gantic the world has ever seen, and with which his
tory will ring for centuries to come—if these’objects
con be attained, the author will not have toiled in
vain. All the crimes that an evil Ingenuity hag yet
been able to impute to this man, are as new-feUen
snow when brought in contrast with the febricatlons
of the English and European press in regard to mur
derous and incestnong prod!Yities of the first Napo
leon during the great wars in whioh that Captain in
volved the elder continent. Bnt such is not now the
judgment of him, either in England or in the world’s
history—nor will history consent to regard Mr. Davis
in the odious, monstrous, or contemptible light whieh
has been, for the last five years, the only one in which
the necessities and passions of our recent straggle
would permit him to be presented to our gaze.
(7b be Continued.)
Mlaete sf Mats
Decided by the Supreme Chert at Milledgeoiile,
Ga., Jew Tsnm, I860.
\ Continued.]
SasssnA Whitaker )
v* Award. FromFal-
Wkkkley ft Warms.} - . Jo*
on * In this cage there wm enough evidence to
uphold the verdict, and the verdict was not
contrary t6 the charge of the Court—Jndg-
ment affirmed.
Hammond End Barnett ft Bleckley for
plaintiff in error.
Brown A Pope for defendant.
Watt Ex’tr.)
vs. > Ejectment. From Effingham,
» • J
, J i . Lowiw, O. J.
A boundary acquiesced in hy co-tenninous
proprietors, and their possession regulated
by it for twenty or thirty years, is conclusive
upon them, afterwards.—Judgment affirmed.
Wilson A Letter for plaintiff in error.
Law. Bartow ft Lovet for defendants.
Hudspeth) —
vs. VRule against Sheriff. From
Johnson.) Baker.
- Lumpkin, C. J.'
A Sheriff who collected Confederate money
on a fi fa. and put it in a aafbv’whera, in con
sequence of , the absence cif the owner of .the
sate with the key, it remained until it be
came valueless, is not liable for the nominal
amount of such moqmL bnt only for its ac
tual value at tbe time of collection.—Judg
ment reversed.
“ Vason ft Davis, Strozier ft Smith for plain
tiff in error.
Wright ft Warren for defendant-
Darracott j Motion to rein
state case. From
Miller.
Pennington ft Stapleton. ]
Harris, J.
" 1. At the April., Term of 1865, of Miller
Superior Court, the situation of the country
was such as to furnish an excuse to counsel
for not attending tbe Court, especially where
the absent counsel were copartners in the
practice, and one of them was in the mili
tary service and the other a Government de
positary.
2. This case having been dismissed in the
Court below, on account of the non-atten
dance of counsel, it ought to have been re
instated on morion at a subsequent term.—
Judgment reversed.
Yason ft Davis for plaintiff in error.
No appearance for defendant.
Ttus |
vs L
Rust ^
LuMPglN, C. J.
A Factor who has advanced money on cot
ton stored with him, arid has a claim on it
for expenses, and who has sold it without
instructions from its principal, to a bona
fide purchaser, is riot Subject to possesory
warrant, at tbe instance of the principal—
certainly not, before a tender of his advances
and expenses.—Judgment affirmed.
Strozier ft Smith for plaintiff in error.
Warren, and Yason ft Davis for defendant.
Suttlss ft Wife ) — ,. ,
Debt on Guardian s
bond. From Fulton.
- Possessory Warrant. From Dougherty.
-vs.
Caldwell ft oTHiris
Lumpkin, C. J. ' t - ■
The verdict U) this case was contrary to
evidence.—Judgment reversed.
Ezzard ft Collier, Barnett ft Bleckley for
plaintiff in error.
Clarke lor defendants.
[Assaultwith intent to Bape.
THE State.) From Butts.
Haws, J.
The Solicitor General entered on the bill
of indictment arraignment and plea of not
guilty, but by inadvertence, there was, in fact,
no arraignment or plea. The jury were im-
panneled and -sworn, the indictment was
read to them, and thq Solicitor made his
opening address and w» about to introduce
evidence, when eounaal for prisoner moved
the Court to. allow a verdict «f not guilty to
in tne
be taken on tne ground-that there
no arraignment or plea. The Court overruled
the morion, and permitted the Solicitor to
enter a nolle yrosequi: Meld, that as there was
no issue for the jury to try, the prisoner waa
not in jeopardy, and it was' riot loo late to
»olpros. the indictment—Judgment affirmed.
Trippe and Floyd for plaintiff in error.
Hammond, Sol. Gen. for the State.
Fbeemah 1 ■! v.. AiJlO v. ..
1 Petition to the . Judge at Cham
bers. From Fulton.
LA PIERRE HOUSE,
, PHILADELPHIA.
rnHK SUBSCRIBERS Having leased this favorite
House, It has been. . iooah) I
REFITTED AND HEPiys«|bbn
IN AN ELEGANT MANNER, j |
And Is now Prepared wilt Use Moat Per
fect Appointments for the Recep
tion of Oneate.
TIis first position among first-class Hotels will In
maintained in the fntnre, as in tbe past.
jel2 tf B AKER ft PARLEY,
THE VERANDA HOUSE,
A T WHITE BLUFF, will lie open on aed after
Monday, the 9th lost., for the accommodation
of Boarders, transient or permanent.
The subscriber, from his long experience in the
boat oese, can safely guarantee the comfort of those
who.may give him a call: ,-f . ’ 1 -, \
myVt-tf MOSES N. BKLISARIO.
LIVE OAK CLUB HOUSE,
No. 32 UEOHGB STREET,
Charleston, £outh Carolina,
Is now open for the accommodation of transient sn
permanent gnests.
Choicest Liquors, Wines, Ales and Sugars
ALWAYS ON BAND.
Terms, per Day.
alltf PETER JONK8, Proprietor.
CHARLESTON HOTEL,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
been sixteen years connected with the establishment
mSfi-tt W WHITE, Proprietor.
Port Royal House,
HILTON HEAD, S. C.
RIDDELL ft
a. s. aniDxu..
Jn3-tf
Fiomiiois
if. v. mime.
Miscellaneous.
GEORGIA. STATE DIRECTORY
For 1866 and 1867.
BY CAPT. JOHN C. BRAIN, OF
SAVANNAH, GA.
T HIS valuable work of reference will be puhlisbsd
on or abont the 1st day of July next. It will
embrace the exact location of every business and
professional man in tbe S ate of Georgia, as well aa
the private residences in all the cities, and will be the
most exteuslvo and complete directory ever pub
lished. No lm»lnc39 ni in should be without if, aad
none should fail to advertise in it, as it is doubtless a
splendid medium through which to communicate
with substantial classes throughout theconntry.
Iu the City of New York ahme the pntiliaher baa
nearly five hande d subscribers, and ihatlist is daily
An t ll,\ inAeoOJA 'V.. . ■ \ I' 1. > II ■ V f OlllinAa-i r> Sa «*. 1 4 Vl ■
on tho increase. Tiie pric e of sutacription is within
the roach u r every business mau, however limited hia
means. The advertising terms are likewise reason
able.
Capt. Brain and his General Agent, J. Orrie Lea,
of Charleston, may be conferred with at Estili's News
Depot, rear of l'ost office, each day for tbe next
week, after the hoar of one P. M. my30-lm.
Emigrants Can he Supplied
WITHIN TEN DAYS.
raiHB ntoaeragneff are prepared to supply Planter*
A and other ponies wlm may fw in want of WHITE
A BORE R - -
LABORERS, and have' made necessary
menu in the,North toflit any orders for agriculture
Laborers, Woodcutr.rSf Mechanics, etc., within Ten
or Twelve days fromt he day the order la riven here.
The Laborers are to uc received by thaUmployerg
on antral of the Bteaoier here, and transported to
vs.
Gaskill.
Haebis, J.
Defendant in injunction bill, was by tha
Sheriff, diaposaeaead of certain premises in
dispute tor failure to comply with tbe terms
of the injunction, and the cpmplainant was
put iu possession- The complainant after
wards dismisssed his bill
without objection from Hie
sequently, the defendsQtvr.'jby /pstitidli,
The Tax on Cotton.
THE PROSPERITY OF THE COUNTRY IN MORS DAN
GER FROM THE RADICALS THAN FROM THE
EFFECTS OF WAR IN EUROPE.
[Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.]
Washington, June 19.—Cotton is now be
ginning to recover its throne. Its reign or
our ruin must soon be Witnessed. Therefore
Congress determines not to ovefburdem it
with taxation. Tile tax of two cents' whieh
is to be retained, produced to the Govern
ment since the dose of war five millions dol
lars, and probably the- crop of this year will
produce a rather larger revenue to the'Gov
ernment at two cants.
The advices from Europe do not justify the
farther advance of gold, and the drain upon
the country will, no doubt, cease by the 1st
of July. The loss of fifty millions in com is.
of tittle importence to ns, for it can be made
up in six monthsjiy the home product, and
meanwhile, as there is unfortunately no dan
ger of a return to specie payinenfjs, it-is hot
absolutely needed here. The opinion 1 is mat
the outbreak of actual war in Europe will not
necessarily prejudice our commercial inter
ests. But letters are now being received from
thoughtful and observing financers at the
North, which show where ties our real Weak
ness. It is in our political condition.
The radical measures of Congress are bring
ing upon us a new and severe crisis, which
will be more perilous to the Union than any
of the dangers which we have hitherto en
countered. It is easy to foresee the difficul
ties into which we are to be led, bnt—how
they can be avoided is a question not to be
answered. But there are some very hopeful
men here—one or two in the administmtion,
and one or two more in Congress who believe
with the President, that the mass of the peo
ple of the middle and western States are
coming to the rescue.
—St. Louis Is excited over tl|e reported murder of
Peter Smith, a wall known hatchet of that city. It la
•aid that Smith, wlUfa Amount of money in his
possession, left Carondelet late Sunday afternoon, ac
companied by two of tils men, on a cattle baying trip.
Itiketeted that h* croeeedjthe 4 ferry at the upper pert of
that city, and had proceeded but a mile or eofremrthe
l.nAing when he wse set upon mad killed. One of toe
p.— with him waa also killed, and the other made hia
escape.
no longer in Court, Applied po the Judge' it
Chambe^ Vj^ rettorqd Jo' the possession
thus lost, giving no notipe of thc application
to his adveiaary,: .ffeld—_. - i/rt v .
1. That all application^ at Chamber*
should be on reasonable notice.
&2 That without some ' anit or legal pro
ceeding pending in Court between tbe par
ties, so as to enable the Judge to look Into
the matter complained of; and to redress any
wrong wbich tbe defendant in the hilt might
have auataiaed by the dismissal of tbe bill,
no summary order to restore: the poansnnioin
ought to be granted. Judgment Affirmed!
Gartrell ft Hill, Barnett ft Bleckley for
plaintiff in error.
Brown ft Pope for defendant.
Jons, Adm’r.)
vs. V Demurrer. From Kich-
Bowdrb. ) mond.
Haems, J. ’>
A will gave to a guardian of the testaior
six negroes by name, and $9,000 in cash, to
be delivered over to him on his arriving at
twenty-one years of_ age. It made bfs main
tenance and 'education a charge upon..the
general estate. It disposed of the rest of
the estate to other legatees. And, by e codi
cil, it directed the whole estate to be kept
together, aud not divided without the con
sent of testator’s wife: Held, that the pecnai-
ary legacy was a general oue, and did HPt bear
iritarfett daring the minority of Ufe grahdson;
and that owing to the peculiar scheme of
the will, the legacy of the negroes, though
specific, did not carry hire during that pe
riod.—Judgment reversed.
Starnes tor plaintiff in error.
J. C. ft C. Snoad and A. H. Stephens for
defendant.
. seoortty
and partly for covering tbe expenses in bringing the
Emigrants from tbe North to this port.
The rate at which Farming Laborers can be se
cured will average abont giso per year, the Employ
ers finding them.
For farther particulars apply to
WM. MORV1LLE ft i
CO.,
Jones’ Block, Bay street.
One door East of Barnard street,
Savannah, Ga.
references:
Jackson ft LawtOn, savannah.
John W. Anderson ft Son, 8avannah.
Solomon Cohen, Savannah.
Jnow.C, Ferrill. Savannah.
Nicholls, Camp <£ Co., Savannah
Quo. A. Onyler, Savannah.
W. R. Fleming, Savannah.
John Screven, Savannah.
Brigham, Bald win <£ Co., Savannah
Savannah Ngtiptor Bn n^ijavanBah ,YTZZXO |
sniteioiT fcix.
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
Of New York City,
No. 89 Bay Stre e
SAVANNAH. GA.
Policies Issued and Losses Paid
AT TBIS OFFICE.
CREDITS
Given to holders of Mutual Policies of
60 PER CENT.,
if desired, when the premium amounts to
$50 or more, and is paid annually.
DIVIDENDS
made to holders of Mutual Policies as follows:
PAID IN CASH,
APPLY ON PREMIUM NOTES, or
ADDED TO THE POLICY.
The latter or REVERSIONARY DIVI
DENDS declared by this Company in 1865
were from FORTY-FOUR to ONE HUN
DRED AND TWENTY PER CENT., ac
cording to age.
Ten Year, Non-Forfeiture,
ENDOWMENT,
Life Policies
Pioneer Company
OF THE MOUTH.
THE SOUTHERN
Accident Insurance Co.,
ItYIfCHBURH, VA.
Authorized Capital, $1,000,000
INSURES AGAINST
ALL ACCIDENTS,
Giving the' bolder of uu Annual Policy the
full amount insured in rase of death, and
compensation each week, if disabled, for a
period
NOT EXCEEDING TWENtY-SIX WEEKS.
SHORT THE POLICIES,
(83,000 FOR TIuN CKNTSI)
Travellers’ Tickets, from one to thirty
days, may be had at the Railroad Ticket
Offices, Steamship Agencies, and at the
Office of the General Agent.
The Stock of this Company la exclusively
in Southern hands, and represented by a
Directory widely and favorably known.
We, therefore, appeal with confidence to the
good will and patronage of the Southern
public.
OFFICER
PRESinSNT ANI1 TRKASURF.R,
COL. MAURICE S. LANGHORNE.
VINE PRESIDENTS,
GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, of Georgia
GEN. HARRY T. HAYS, of Louisiana
Issued by this Company.
MoEitra Charge for Southern Residence
v, vaUnrB leal i-obaitssna saw x.Lsn*aveSfr j .
*""■ .•[ mjfjfl /JntVmfof
i T r• •.. j- .. L I 01 j i ■ \-A, i /1 m i U 11» > ' ‘ 1 ! 1 11!
bp.l'A'iBj or r:«cpale atop> f.r
WtJT18 T -ST BET-" 7 S>8AVE^NkWYORK
led having been appointed sole age:
for tbe above well known and i
(warranted to stood in anycHSMM), are
now prepared to supply the same in paohages to salt
parchAten. . h.ci
apU-3mo CUHNINaHftM-.PPBSB ft CO.
GREAT SOUTHERN
PIPER WAREHOUSE
And
For Sale,
HKSIDiNC* In Sparta, Ga., and farm adjacent
A”The dwelling is on an slevated brij, 'has
colo ’ —* — * -- * -
onade lu front
merit,-with lai ’
is i s. floe oal _ .
lawn ou each aide. .Aod in the Orchard, a cboice
variety pi Apple, Pear, Cherry and Peach trees.
Figs and Grapes are in great aba — ~
Figs and Grapes are in great abundance. The 8cnp-
pemongh Arbor is known to be' tbs -Hugest In
Georgia. The water is excellent The ooSire prsmi-
sescoutain .326 acres. 136 of which are woodland.
Right laborers can be employed profitably on tbe
form. .-Trto.'
The locatlonJs very desirable lor health, and is in
proximity to the best schools in Georgia, in. tha vil
lage tlfe Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist and
Baptist denomlnadonsTiave regular worship. The
railroad from Augusta will be completed to Sparta
by Fall, and in the following Spring to MUledgeTiUe,
Bonds of the City of Savannah, bonds or stocks of
tne Georgia, the Central orKw.&fi. Companies
will be taken is payment. Possession gtven tmme-
d lately. A bargain may be had fry an earlv applica
tion to
HUNTER ft GAM HELL, Savannah,
or E. G. DAWSON, Sparta, Ga.
A Billiard Table, (one of Phelan’s belt) perfectly
jsasBStr'“ ^ ~
Mg’ Bapabllcan copy one Week. jet-lm
re-*
JAIL IN LIBERTY COtlNIY.
K EALCD PBOPOSAld AND PUNboBdliga
Jail to Hfoamrifo, Ubsaty eonoty, will he received
I the first Monday In August next. Said Jail to iw
ssissar’sassasaa-js
terms and jU|QCt «o Ctork sl the IsHriOff Oonrt,
ineartDe.Libmty eonoty.
By ordsrof thelnfortar Oonrt -
jols-laWim JMMU BB1W1B, Clark.
Depot forPrinters’Supplies
210 Bay Street, Saranali Ga.
pLATNEB ft BOSWORTH keep
laige stock of Ledger, Writing and trapping
Papers, of aH rises and Wrights; also, Binders 1 Boards,
Card Beards, Printers' Cards, Envelopes, Twines and
Printing inks. “
Having had long experience in the business^ ana
baying onr goods in forge lots direct from the mann-
nctnrere enables us to compete with New York
prices
Agents for IVude's celebrated Printing Inks; Agents
in this city for the Bath-Paper Mills.
The highest cash prices paid for all kinds ot paper
t ock.
Directors:
Hsnry Brigham, President Merchants’ National
Bank.
Colonel WW. 8. RocrwXLL.
H. A. Crane, of Crane ft Graybtll.
Johstd: HopxiNa. .
A. A. Solomons, of a. A. Solomons ft Co.
E. A. Soullard.
: B. J. Moexs, of Brady, Smith ft Co.
Fred. M. hull, of Holcombe ft Oo.
M. ft. Cohen, Secretary Home Insurance Co.
A. WILBUR, General Manager
WM. R. BOYD, Agent.
Or. K. YONGE, Eiastiafof Physician.
Or. R. B. AftllOlilk Osasnlttsg Physfc’n.
JeT-tf . 11. 1% [ii7/—. :.L’,.
VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE.
LEXINGTON, VA
:(u’>rrerrrfr——r-r—r—--
make
and
- OR V181T0B8 will meet at lbs Vir-
Stoto Military Institute on the STlb of Jane, to
appointments <of Osdets. Applications for State
and pay Cadet Mapomtoieato will be made to the nn-
deiagned,acicompanied with the usual testimonials
THE LAWYERS' TEST (OATH
United States ftlstrict Court
Southern District of
Georgia.
Argument of
HON. HENRY S. FITCHs
TJ. S. District Attorney
IN PAMPHLET FORM.
PRICE FIFTEEN CENTS.
For sale by
ESTILL A BROTHER,
Boll street, corner Bay lane,
SdocjiilN j£rc Sc SON,
Congress street,
And
COOPER, OLCQTTS ft FARRELLY.
sat t u
NOTICE.
OY tbs Ordinance passed by tbe City Council os
D ths.fifth day: nf December, iass, tks tsHtokpon
xndnamaee*
’,'sad open horses and”mnl
be paid monthly. The aaomUgned
eatoe tha above tax for the past awn
1
City Trimmer,
myl-tr
moral character.
dates for appointment most be exempt from
bodily dlaesHb of ages between 18 and 36 years, and
in the case,of Sialo Cadet applicants, must satisfy
the Board offnelr inability to meet the expenses of
the Institution. " •
OandMatesfor admission most be able to read and
write wefl, Shd to nerfom with acuity and accuracy
the various operations of the '
arithmetic, ot redaction, of
am! ofvniglir
be earfhedwtlhMart and
Every arrengementhas t
of Visitor* to maintain the
of the Institute, arid to put In
trlcdi
ground rules or
eand compound
cal fractions.
-ict) will
t'without ctu
character
operation its well
GEN. JOHN B. GORDON,
Chief Agent at Atlanta, Ga.,
Agent for the State.
o. c.
my’23
MYERS, .
General Agent,
8AVANNAH. GA.
THE 0-IUELA.T
SOUTHERN AND WESTERN
Life and Accident
COMPANY
N”ew Orleans-
Capital,
- $300,000 I
GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET, President.
ABE PBEPABKD O
TAKE RISKS
Reaaona'ble Ton
my2i-tr
WILLIAM G. COSBNS, Agent,
At Marine Bank.
THE OGLETHORPE
of discipline and Instrnc-
tbe Institution Will
e 4th of July. The
i .ths ZTtb of Jnne,
misted. The public
0006 eZ0ftifl60L
For all further Information, application will be
madetothettopertntendeat. ....
\7TkaNCI8 y. SMITH.
take I
rxasttoaUotWWiH
andbe omttnoed i
Insurance Comp’y
VANNAH
Superintendent
Aogasta OonstltntionxHit please Insert six times,
and send Mil to thleOMCfe. " <m>S»<tw.
OF SAVAI
Are prepared to take
IFire Bisks on Reasonable Terns.
At their Office, 111 Bay Street.
H. W. MKBCCT, President.
*. W- cSEBEI-JB,
J. T. Thomas. Sec.
11 mpmw. rnmirntm
And earnertjtnq and.Aorqe Jto, Charleston,
. . "pi »tsr: T
n. W. Mercer
C. & Hardee
William Hunter
Directors:
M.S. datow
J. w> MW
d G.r
Cltftolg,
'Alii a -a:.
Q0QD&
jo *5
j. s srztol axidn; 8 M&c istft ai •artroq
JX)H grai’YEmarwuyKAHi wnft ■—mi IIS i
FRANCIS COBB'S MAHUFACTUR*.
■afita
z,LZLULm