Newspaper Page Text
DECISION
O/lhr Convention of Juitges, on the rig'.t of the jurisdiction
of the Stale over the Italians. Question arising in the
case of The State vs. George Tassels.
This is n very crave ami important question,
which prohnhly never would hnve been sub
mitted to judicial wives'Ration, but for the
political partv and fanatical feeling excited
durinc the last session of Congress. When
the Indians attending at Washington last win
ter, and their advocates discovered (lint the
decision of the two Houses would be unfavor
able to them, the idea of bringing the question
before the Supreme Court was suggested and
eagerly seized upon by the deputation of the
Cherokces. In consequence of teat determi
nation, it is presumed that the plea now under
ct>ci.>ideration has been interposed. The man
ner however in which ibis pica has been inter
posed, ought not, and it is presumed will have
no influence upon its derision. The relations
which have existed between the Indian tribes
of the American continent and tiie different
European nations who hnve established colo
nies in America, and with the colonies tlicm-
selve*, are to be collected from the h stories
and public acts of those nations, and for the
space of about 200 years. During that time,
many changes of public opinion and of public
conduct towards the Indian tribes have taken
place ; which changes are strongly marked in
the records and proceedings of the different
European nations who had colonial establish
ments in America. Those changes have,
however, introduced some uncertainty as to
the actual relations which ought to exist, and
Jo actually exist between the governments
formed by European descendants and the abo
riginal tribes. Hut the conduct of the crown
of Great llritain to the linkuri tribes has liven
less variant. The relation between this State
olid the Cherokee Indians depends upon the
principles established by England towards the
Indian tribes occupying that purl of North
\merica which that power colonized. W tint-
ever right Great Hritain possessed over the
Indian tribes is vested in the Stale of Georgia,
and may be rightfully exercised. It is not
the duty, nor is it the intention of tins Con
vention to enter into n vindication of the rights
exercised by the British crown over the Indi
an tribes; but if the question is considered
open to investigation, no doubt is entertained
that the policy adopted by the British crown
towards the Indian tribes might be vindicated
by reason, sound morality and religion. Hut
this whole question is aldy elucidated in the
decision of the Supri me Court, in the case of
•IrduiHon vs. McIntosh, S Wheaton's Itcpnrt,
513, part of which, this Convention will trans
cribe into this decision. After stating that
discovery gave to the discovering nation an
exclusive right to the country discovered, as
between them end other European nations,
the decision proceeds—“ Those relations
which were to exist between the discoverer
and the natives wero to be rcgulutcd by them
selves. The rights (bus acquired being ex
clusive, no other power could interpose be
tween them. In the establishment of these
relations, (lie rights of the original inhabitant
were in no instance entirely disregarded, but
were necessarily to a considerable extent ini
paired. They wero admitted to bo the rightful
occupants of the soil, with a legal, as well as
just claim to retain possession of it, and to use
it according to llieirown discretion; but their
rights in complete sovereignty ns independent
nutious were necessarily diminished, nnd their
power to dispose of the soil to whomsoever
they pleased, was denied by the original fun
damental principle, that discovery gave exclu
sive tide to thoso who made it. While the
different nations of Europo respected the right
of the natives us occupants, they asserted und
claimed the ultimate dominion in themselves,
mid claimed and exercised as a consequence
of ibis olliinnto dominion, a power to grant
the soil, w hile yet in possession of die natives.
These grants Imvo been considered by all, to
convey a tide to the grantees, subject only to
the Indian right of occupancy. The history
of America trom its discovery to the present
day, proves, wo think, the universal recogni
tion of these principles.”
Aflor giving the history of various grants by
Grout Britain, France and Spain, to lauds in
the orcupnney of Indian tribes, it adds.
11 'I bus all the nations of Europe who have
acquired territory in America, have asserted
in themselves, and have recognized in others,
the exclusive right of the discoverer to appro
priate the.lands occupied by the Indians.”
Have the American Stales rejected or adopted
this principle ? The decision then proceeds
to shew ihat the United States have adopted
the principle, and acted upon it as fur as they
have acted. The opinion adds “The United
Stales then, have unequivocally assented to
that great and broad rule, by which its civili
zed inhabitants now bold tins country. They
hold und assert in themselves the title liy
which it was acquired. They maintain, as all
others have maintained, that discovery gave
nn exclusive right to extinguish the Indian ti
tle to occupancy, either by purchase or by
conquest, and gave also a right to such a de
gree of sovereignty, us the people would allow
them to exercise.” Again, in page 591, the
decision proceeds—*• However cxtravnganl
the pretension of converting the discovery ol'an
inhabited country into conquest may appear;
if the principle lias been asserted in the first
instance and ulierwards sustained ; if a coun
try lias been held und nequired under it; if the
property of the great mass of the community
originates in it, it becomes the law of the land,
end cannot be questioned. So loo with us ;
put to the concomitant principle that the Indi
an inhabitants are to be considered merely ns
occupants, to bo protected indeed while in
peace,in the possession of their lands,but to be
deemed incapable of transfi rnng the absolute
title to others. However this restric'ion may
be opposed to natural right, and to the usages
of civilized nations, yet it it be indispensable
to that system under which the country has
been settled, and be adanted to the actual con
dition of the two people, it may perhaps lie
supported by reason, and certainly cannot be
rejected by courts of justice. This question
is not new to this Court. The case of b letch-
er vs. Peek. 5 Crunch, 87, grew out of a sale
made by the Stale of Georgia, of a large tract
of country within the limits of that Slate, fla
grant of which was afterwards resumed. 'I he
action was brought by a sub-purchaser on the
contract of sale, and one of the covenants in
the deed was, ilial the Slate of Georgia was at
the time of sale seized in fee of the premises.
The real question presented hy the issue was,
whether the seizin in fee was in the State of
Georgia or in the United States. After sta
ting that this controversy between the several
States bad been compromised, the Court
thought it necessary to notice the Indian title,
which although entitled to the respect of nil
Courts, until it should be legitimately extin
guished, was declared not to be such as to be
absolutely repugnant to a seizin in fee on the
part of the State.”
In addition In the preceding authorities,
tending lo shew that the Indian tribes founo
in America when it was discovered hy the
Europeans were not, and could noi lie consi
dered sovereign Slates, two other facts result
ing from the legislation of the U. States, wiM
lie brought into view—1st. The Constitution
of the United States gives lo Congress power
lo regulate commerce with foreign nations,
among the several Slates, nnd with the Indian
tribes. In exercising the first part of tins
grant, Congress have prescribed rules and
regulations, with which foreigners must com
ply when they come lo the ports and are with
in the jurisdiction of llio United Stales. All
sovereign Slates have exercised the same
power m the same way. But when Congress
exercise the latter power, viz. the power of
regulating trade with the Indian tribes, the
law directs how the citizens of the United
States shall conduct Inwards the Indians, and
how the Indians shall behave to them.
Whence this difference of conduct under the
same grant of power I Because the subjects
of European Kingdoms who came into the
American ports to trade, are component parts
of sovereign and independent Suites, nnd the
Indians whose trade is so differently regulated,
are members of communities that arc not so
vereign Stales.
2d. The Constitution of the United States
gives to Congress the right of declaring war.
Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison
and Monroe, each waged war with Indian
tribes ; yet the statute book of the U. States
contains not a single declaration against an
Indian tribe. Is il conceivable that the two
Houses of Congress would have silently ac
quiesced in the usurpation of their rights by
the Executive Department, if the Indian tribes
had been supposed to be the proper objects of
a declaration of war? They must have been
judged improper objects of a declaration of
war, only because they were held not lo be
sovereign Slntes. Indeed it is difficult lo con
ceive fiow any person who lias a definite idea
of wliat constitutes a sovereign State, can'
have come to ihc conclusion that the Cherokee
Nation is a sovereign and independent State.
By ttic ense of Johnson vs. McIntosh, and
Fletcher vs. Peek, it has been determined by
the Supreme Court of the U. Stales, that no
title lo land can be derived from them imme
diately to an individual, nnd that a Stnto is
seized in fee of nil lands w ithin its chartered
limits, notwithstanding the land may be in the
occupancy of the Indians, nnd thnt such grants
arc good and vulid, and eiinnol be questioned
in Courts of I,aw. Counsel in support of the
plea lo the jurisdiction admitted that the Che
rokee Indians could not alien or transfer their
lands to nnv but the State of Georgia or to the
U. S. for their use, but seemed to suppose
this limitation of their sovereignty was the re
sult of treaty stipulations. This is a mistake.
No treaty ran bo found in which any Indian
tribe has ngrecd that another government
should be authorised to alien and transfer its
territory. The decision thnt the Stale of Geor
gia was seized in fee of the Yazoo lands, was
not the result of any treaty, but the legal con
sequence of the right acquired by the European
nations upon their first discovery of any part
of the American continent. Ynttcl, p. 101,
ays, •• We do not therefore deviate from the
views of nature in confining the Indiuns with
in narrower limits. However, we cannot help
praising the moderation of the English puri-
tans who fir«t settled in New England, who
notwithstanding their being furnished by a
charter from their sovereign, purchased of the
Indians the land of which they intended to
lake possession. This laudable example was
followed by William Penn and the colony of
Quakers that he conducted to Pennsylvania-”
From this quotation, it is manifest that Valid
held that they had n legal right to the land
within their charter, without any purchase from
by a foreign sovereign State. The Convcn-
tion, from the view which the authorities pre
viously presented furnish, can discover no le
gal obstacle to the extension of ihe laws over
the territory now in the possession of the
Cherokee Indians. If any obstacle to that
extension exist, it must he sought for in the
treaties which have been negoriated between
the Cherokee Indians and the U. States.
But here n preliminary question is presented.
Are Ihe Indian tribes within the limits of the
U. Slates, legal objects of the trealy-inakio,
power? It has been shewn in the preceding
part of ibis decision, that they have not been
considered legal objects of a declaration of
war. Il has also horn shewn, that by all tl
departments of the government, they have not
been treated ns a sovereign independent Stale
in the regulation of its commerce. Can any
further evidence he required, that the Indian
tribes are not the constitutional objects of the
treaty-making power ? It is presumed not. It
seems to .self-evident, that communities which
have been determined not to he objects of a
declaration of war, cannot he the object of die
treaty-making power. But it may he answer
ed, that the President and Senate have deter
mined that Ihe Indian tribes are the proper ob
jects of the treaty-making power, and that
treaties have actually been made with them.
This is admitted. But it may lie safely con
tended, that a construction pot by the Presi
de!!' and Senate upon that part of the Consti
tution which grants the treaty-making power,
i< not entitled to as much weight ns a con
struction placed upon other parts of the Con
stitution hy all Ihc departments of tho govern
ment, entirely inconsistent with that placed
upon the treaty-making power by only two of
the departments which had concurred in that
construction. Bu; fthe sake of investiga
ting the subject more fi'lly. let it for the present
he taken for granted that the Indian tribes are
the proper objects of tho treaty-making pow
ers. The rights nnd the relations of thosp
tribes had been unalterably fixed long before
treaty-making power created by the Consti
tution of the United States existed, and it was
not competent for that power when rightfully
exerted, to niter or change those rights nnd
relations. The rights of the Indians to the
soil upon which they lived, was that of occu
pancy only, tho fee being vested in the State
of Georgia. Any attempt to change the right
of occupancy into a fee, would have invaded
the seizin in fee declared to he vested in Geor
gia hy the Supreme Court of the United States,
and wo ild have been null and void. Again,
the relations existing between the Cherokee
Indians and the State of Georgia, was of pupi
lage. No treaty between the U. State-- and the
Cherokces could change that relation, could
confer upon them the power of independent
self-government. If there are any clauses in
nny of tho compacts between the U. States
and the Cherokee Indians (miscalled treaties)
w hich give to those Indians the right of inde
pendent self-government, they are simply void,
and cannot, and ought not to he permitted to
throw any obstacle in the way of the operation
of the act ol Georgia, extending jurisdiction over
the country in the occupancy of tho Cherokee
Indians. But it may urged, thnt the State of
Georgia having neglected for about fifty years
to exercise this jurisdiction over the Cherokee
Indians, is barred by the lapse of timo, from
exercising it now. Il might he deemed a suf
ficient reply to this objection, to cite the maxim
of” Nullum Tempos,’’ which has been de
termined by the Courts of (his Stato, and as
far as is known to this Convention, by all the
States lo apply to the Stato Government? with
the sr.mo force as it applied to the British
King. But this Convention will not rest the
reply upon this maxim, because a more intel
ligible and satisfactory reason can be readily
given. AY hen America was first discovered,
as has been shewn in the decision of Juhnson
vs. McIntosh, discovery wns considered equi
valent to the conquest. It became therelore
the duty of the discovering, or conquering na
tion, to make some provision for the aborigines
who were a savago race and of imbecile in
tellect. In ordinary conquest, one of two
modes were adopted. F.ither the conquered
people were amalgamated with their vanquish
ers und became one people ; or they were go.
vorned as n separate hut dependant State.
The habits, manners, and imbecile intellect of
the Indians, opposed impracticable harriers to
either of these inodes of procedure. They
could neither sink into the common mass of
their discoverers or conqoerers, or be govern
ed as a separate dependant people. They
were judged incapable of compil ing with the
ohlignlions which the laws of civilized society
imposed, or of being subjected to any code of^
laws which eould he sanctioned hy a Christian
society. Humanity therefore required that
they should he permitted to live according to
their customs mid manners ; and that they
should he protected in their existence, under
tho Indians. Ollier passages from the samci these customs and usages, as long as they
nntlior support the same doctrine. The Slate j chose to adhere to them. But the Cherokces
of New York as lute as the year 1822, vested now suy they have advanced in civilization,
in their courts exclusive criminal jurisdiction and have formed for themselves a regular go
vernment. Admit the fact, they are then in a
situation to he brought under the inffoence of
tho law s of a civilized State—of the Stntc of
Georgia. The ohstarle which induced the
State ol Georgia to forbear the exercise of the
rights which Great Britain, as the discovering
nation, had authority to exercise over them,
and which vested in Georgia, no longer exists,
if the Cherokces or their counsel is to he be
lieved. The Stale of Georgia is imperiously
called upon lo exercise its legitimate powers
over the Cherokee Territory. Indeed it seems
strange that an objection should now he made
to thnt jurisdiction. That a Government should
be seized in fee of n territory, and yet have
no jurisdiction over that country, is an anoma
ly in the science of jurisprudence, but it may
he contended that although the state of Geor
gia may have Ihe jurisdiction over Ihe Chero
kee Territory, yet it has no right to exercise ju
risdiction over the persons of the Cherokee
Indians w ho reside upon the territory of which
of all offences coinniitled liv Indians within
their reservations ; other States have followed
their example in a greater or less degree, and
every thing lias gone on quietly ; hut so soon
as ihe Slate of Georgia pursues the same
course, u hue and cry is raised against her,
nnd a lawyer residing near 1000 miles front
her borders hns been employed to controvert
her rights and obstruct her laws, ami who has
nut been ashamed to say that lie has been
able to find no authority which justifies a de
nial to the Cherokee .Wilton of the right of a
sovereign independent State. Yet by the deci
sion of the Supreme Court, which cannot be
unknown to that gentleman, every acre of
land in tho occupancy of his sorertittn inde
pendent Cherokee .Yation, is vested in fee in
the Slate of Georgia. It is presumed to be
the first socerrtgn independent State which
did not hold an ucre of land in lee, but which
was admitted lo hold everv ucre of .and onlv
by occupancy, while the title in feo was held
the State of Georgia is seized in fee. Such
distinction would present a more strange ano
maly than that of a government having no ju
risdiction over territory of which it was seized
in fee. This convention holds il to he well
established, that where a sovereign Slate is
seized in fee of territory it has exclusive ju
risdiction over that territory, not only on the
surface and every thing thnt is to be found in
that surface, hut as Sir Win. Blackstune de
fines a title in fee simple to lands, that it ex
tends not only over the surface hy usque ad
ealum, tf c. Now the right of the tenant in
feo could not he more extensive Ilian that of the
power granting fee. The seizin in fee there
fore vests not only the surface, hut the bowels
of the earth, and through tho air above the
earth, as far as the air can he appropriated to
the use of man, or even usque ad caelum as the
maxim has it. If seizin in fee, vests in the
tenant not only the surface, hut extends to the
centre downwards, and to heaven upwards,
wliat this convention wo Id respectfully en
quire, is to limit its right nf jurisdiction ! In con
clusion, it may he proper to notice some of
the arguments, nnd positions assumed hy
counsel, in support of the plea. It was con
tended that the article in the Treaty of Hope-
well which required the lrid nns in ease of real
or supposed wrongs to demand satisfaction
fur the injury, and if it was refused, to give
notice of intention lo make war. This was
considered by counsel us unequivocal evidence
of the recognition by tiie IT. S. of the Cliero
kee Indians ns a sovereign State. It does not
appear so to this convention. The Indian
tribes in North America were as feme ions as
barbarous. They had been imirioiuoriully in
Ihe habit of making secret and bloody attacks
upon the white settlements. These attacks
usually struck the white settlers with panic
terror, hy tho secrecy and rapidity with which
they were perpetrated. To guard against
mischief so terrific and appalling, the treaty
imposes upon the Cherokee Indians the obli
gation of giving notice of their intention to
make their bloody incursions into tho wdiile
settlements. It was a salutary restriction
which was Ihe origin of at least one approach
towards tho habits und usages of civilized
man. To have omitted Ihe restriction for fear
of the admission which it is contended is given
to the Cherokee Indians of making war upon
the U. S. would have been weak. For it was
matter of universal notoriety, that the various
Indian tribes within the U. S. wero immemo
rial!}' in the habit of making war in the man
ner above described, and the restriction was a
salutary one, and has had the desired effect.
Counsel for the Cherokee Indians contended
that hy the articles of treaty and cession be
tween the state of Georgia and the United
States, had given the U. S. a right to hold
treaties with the Cherokee Indians, and had
bound the State to abstain from all efforts to
extinguish the Indian right to lands within thr
limits of Georgia. This convention conceive
both positions to be erronoous.
1st. The articles of treaty and cession con
fer no right upon tiie United States to hold
treaties with the Cherokee Indians. Those
articles impose upon the United States the du
ly of extinguishing the Indian title, but confers
no political power on the Federal Government.
If there be such a thing as a political axiom ;
it is certainly one that the Federal Govern
ment can derive no political power from n
compact with an individual state. That go
vernment had at the time of entering into those
articles, the right of holding treaties with the
Indians, or it had not. Il it he truo, as inti
mated by counsel that the title to Indian lands
could be extinguished only by treaty, and the
Federal Government had no right to make
such treaties, then the Federal Govcrnmciu
in entering into tho articles of treaty and ces
sion, took upon itself an impossible condition.
But it is not true that tho Indian title cannot
he extinguished hut hy treaty. That title
can he extinguished by bargain and sale, or
hy deed as well w ithout the form of a treaty
as with it. Indian treaties for extinguishing
their right to their lands, are in fart, though
not in form, nothing but contracts for the pur
chase and sale of Indian lands. But 2d, the
State of Georgia in imposing the obligation
upon the United States to extinguish the In
dian title to lands within her limits, did not re
linquish any right she possessed of extinguish
ing that right herself—Having given n valua
ble consideration to another power, to induce
that power to assume the obligation of extin
guishment of the Indian title, it was natural
that she should rely upon the good faith of
that power in discharging its engagements,
nnd should cease for a reasonable time any
direct efforts to effect the same object. But
if the contracting power should act with had
faith, or should from any other cause disap
point the just expectations of the State, Geor
gia might rightfully resume her suspended
right of extinguishing tho Indian title nnd de
mand payment from the U. Slates, of what
ever sum the extinguishment cost her. It
may be proper before closing this opinion to
slutc, that the United States in their practice
under tho constitution, consider nil Indian
Tribes within or without the United States im
proper objects of a declaration of war. The
Seminole Indians were resident in Florida,
then a province of Spain ; yet the President
prosecuted a war against them wiih-.ut a de
claration of war. The events of that war pro
duced a deep sensation in Ihe nation, and were
discussed with animation in the two house?
of Congress; yet during the whole of that dis
cussion, no intimation was thrown out on any
ide of either house calling in question the
right of the President to prosecute a war with
an Indian tribe, even resident out of the limits
of tho U. Slates. IT his convention deems it
a waste oftime to pursue this examination. Il
has satisfied itself, and il is hoped the com
munity, that independent of the provisions of
the Slate Constitution claiming jurisdiction
over its chartered limits, that the State of
Georgia had the right in the year 1829 to ex
tend its law* over the territory inhabited by
the Cherokee Indians, and over tl.e Indin<
themselves ; that said act of 1829 j s tle j,|j?
unconstitutional not inconsistent with t|
rights of the Cherokee Indians. The plea i 0
the jurisdiction, of the court, submitted to t!,i d
convention is therefore overruled.
XftR. GONEKE
R ESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the pub.
lie generally, that he proposes to open a Scl.o t
for instruction in the science of Music in each of the
places following, viz: Athens, Madison, Crecnil.« ro »
and Washington—one week monthly in each pl* Cr
for six month* from the first of January next. This an
rangement will suit ladies who would not choose
vote their whole time to taking lessons, and ladies who
live in the country, and arc somewhat advanced in ti,j s
science. In giving lessons, he will accompany witi
Ihe violin—this w ill facilitate the progress of his p U rj|J
in keeping correct time, which is the moat cssenti;'
part of Music. He will also give instructions fur ti:nl
ing the Piano Forte, to those Indies who desire it. p ee j
for tuition $20 for the term. The number of Ladies j p
each place will be limited to ten. Subsetipiions wj'
be left with Messis. Shaw Edwards in Athens, with
Mr. C. Whiting in Madison, Cummings McKinley j,]
Greensboro*, and Copt. Pasteur in Washington.
He would also infoim young gemh ineu w hoaredem
rous to take lessons on the Violin, Flute, Claiioneit, „»
any other instrument, that he will give private loss',
for that purpose at night.
N. B.—Mr. Goneke has for sale a superb Pitn<.
which cum be seen at Mr. Grunt's, in Athens,under tho
care of Mrs. Walthall. He wdl hereafter keep a sup.
ply of first rate Pianos constantly on hand, in each of
the above named places, which ho will sell as low ca
they ran be purchased in Now York, and warra tied to
he of the best tone and woikmauship. Fashions,
hie music of all descriptions, and at tiie NomIihii r, n .
ces, can he had of Mr. Goneke, or at the Book Store of
Shaw & Edwards.
Nov. 2.—44—5t.
NEW VOltK
MEDICAL ACADEMY.
CIRCULAR.
1 *1 HE happy effects of the Botanical System of Prut *
. tice, more especially of late, employed in the cure
of Diseases, are such a3 entitle it to a high tank among
modem improvements. The opinion long entertained
in its favor, by many of the judicious, a thorough ex*
perieiice has now demonstrated to be well founded; and
with the number and variety of its salutary achieve,
incuts, its reputation is increasing.
It must be evident to every discerning mind, that
the present prevailing practice of medicine, which re
jects this Botanical aid, is at variance with our nature
and our happiness.
MERCURY, the LANCET, and the KNIFE, an
chiefly relied upon hy Physicians nnd Surgeons of the
present day, for the removal of almost all the disease
incident to the human body, notwithstanding the ef*
feet s of these deleterious agents are evidently fata) to
multitudes. Deeply impressed with these fact', ai d
with a view of reforming tho science and practice cl*
medicine, an individual in this city, in the year 1827,
procured a lot of ground, and erected a handsome and
convenient edifice for an institution denominated ti e
United States Infirmary, expressly for employing a re-
formed system of Practice in the treatment of diseases,
the remedial sources being chiefly derived from the
productions of our own country. The course of treat
ment adopted by this institution, was principally the
result of near forty years experience of a distinguished
medical reformer; which course, we are happy to state,
has been crowned with success, and proved to a demon
stration, that, without Mercury, that boasted champion
of the Materia Medica, or other poisonous drugs, dis.
eases generally, may be cured by those more safe and
salutary means which the God of Nature lias so libe
rally scattered around us.
Animated by the past success, and with the hope of
benefiting future generations, an irrepressible desiie
has been felt, that measures commensurate with tie
importance of the object, should be taken to protnuL
gate this valuable system of practice, and thereby iin*
prove and reform the noble and important science of
medicine.
After reflecting for years on the most prudent and
successful method of effecting so desirable an object, it
has been deemed expedient to establish a Medical
School, with competent teachers; where students moy
reedve board and education, until they are fully quail,
fied to practice in the various branches of the Healing
Art, upon tho reformed system. We are now happy
to announce that a building for such an institution has
been erected, and opened for the reception of students,
who can commence at any period.
The building is large and commodious, situated ie
Eldridge-etrecl, between Grand and Broomc-strectp,
adjoining the | - -sent United States Infirmary. It is in
a healthy and retired part of the city, and has been
completed at a great expense.
The following branches are taught by Lectures, Re
citations, Examination?,and suitable Text books:—
1. Anatomy.
2. Surgery.
3. Theory and Practice of Physic.
4. Midwifery, and Diseases ot Women and Childrcu.
5. Materia Medica, and Practical Botany.
6. Chemistry and Pharmacy.
The benefits to bo derived by an attendance at this
Institution will, we trust, be duly appreciated by those
who wish to acquire a correct knowledge of the Heal
ing Art. Here the student will be taught all the me-
dern practice which is deemed necessary, in addition
to the Botanical; and in consequence of his residing in
the Institution, and pursuing a systematic course of
studies, combining each ot those departments, he may
acauirc a knowledge of both in a short space of time,
ana at a very smallcxpensc, in comparison to that ol
other Medical Institutions.
There being an Infirmary connected with the Acadt. .
my, theetudt nts will have the benefit of Clinical prac
tice, by which the experimental part of medicine wiJ
be acquired with the theory.
There will be no specified time to complete s course
of study, but whenever a student is qualified to papa
an examination, he w ill receive a Diploma. Some win
require one year, others two or more years, to coin*
plete their studies.
For the information of some, we wish to state, that
thin system of Practice is essentially different from that
disseminated by Dr. Samuel Thompson.
REQUISITIONS.
The qualifications for admission into the School wit
be :—l. A certificate of good moral character.—2. A
good English education.
TERMS,
1. The price of qualifying a person for practice i»
$250. One half payable' in advance, or at the time d
entering the school; and the other half at the expirs-
tion or dose of his studies,or before a Diploma is grant*
•*d. A deduction of $25 will be made to those who
pay the whole sum in advance.
2. Board (being an extra charge) is $2 50 per week#
payable weekly or quarterly.
3. Each student must supply himself with Bcoh»
Bed and Bidding.
A liberal allowance will he made to those in indigent
circumstances.
fCP We have the pleasure to announce that our
school is now fast filling up, and is in successful opera*
tion; and that there is an opening in every section oj
the United States, for those educated in its Principle*
and Practice.
Those wishing further information, by address
ing a letter, post paid, to the Subscriber, will receive
a publication, giving an account of the rise, progress#
and present state of the above Institution.
W. BEACH.
•Yrta York t Jlhtrch 30.—13—tcl2m.
1TCTIS3.
F OUND in Ihe pn.«es*ion of a black boy, a •m* 11
sum of money. The owner will J'leas'’ enq""* 0
money.
B. B. t.ord k Co.
Athens, Ncv. J3—-17—tf