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THE SEMI-WEEKLY SUMTER REPUBLICAN,
ESTABLISHED IN 1854,
By CHAS. W. HANCOCK.
VOL. 18.
The Sumter Republican.
Semi-Weeki.y, One Your - - - 51 00
Weely, One Year - - - - - 2.00
in Advance.jgJ
All advertisements emiuating from public
dices will be charged for in accordance with
an act passed by the late General Assembly
of Georgia—7s cents per hundred words for
each of the first four insertions, and 35 cents
for each subsequent insertion. Fractional
parts of one hundred are considered one
hundred words; each figure and initial, with
date and signature, is counted as a word.
The cash must accompany the copy of each
advertisement, unless different arrange
ments have been made.
Advertising- Kates.
One Square first insertion, - - - - ?1.00
F.ach subsequent insertion, - - - - 50
jgr-TE.N Lines of Minion, type solid con
stitute a square.
All advertisements not contracted for will
be charged above rates.
Advertisements not specifying the length
f time for which they are to be inserted
will be continued until ordered out and
charged for accordingly.
Advertisementstooccupy fixed places will
be charged 25 per cent, above regular rates
Notices in local column inserted for te.D
cent per line each insertion.
Charles F. Crisp,
Attorney at Law ,
AMERICUS, GA.
declStf
B. P. HOLLIS
Attorney at Lmv 9
AMEIUCUS, GA.
Office, Forsyth Street, in National Bank
building. dec2otf
E. G. SIMMONS,
I
Attorney fit Law 9 \
AMEIUCUS GA.,
Office in Hawkins’ building, south side of
Lamar Street, in the old office of Fort &
Simmons. janOtf
.T. A. ANSLKY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
AND SOLICITOR IN EQUITY,
Office on Public Square, Over Gyles’
Clothing Store, Americus, Ga.
After a brief respite 1 return again to the
practice of law. As in the past it will be
my earnest purpose to represent my clients
faithfully and look to their interests. The
commercial practice will receive close atten
tion and remittances promptly made. The
Equity practice, and cases involving titlesof
land and real estate are my favorites. Will
practice in the Courts of South west Georgia,
the Supreme Court and the United Stales
Courts. Thankful to my friends for then
patronage. Fees moderate. novlltf
CARD.
I offer my professional services again to the
good people of Americus. After thirty years’
of medical service, I have found It difficult
to withdraw entirely. Office next door to
Ur. Eldridge’s drugstore, on the Square
janlTtf K. C. BLACK, M. IX_
DR. BAGLEY’S
INDIAN VEGETABLE LIVER AND
KIDNEV PILLS.
For sale by all Druggists in Americus.
Price 25 cents per box. jan26wly
Dr. D. P. HOLLOWAL
DentisT,
Americus. - - - Georgia
Treatssuccessfully all diseasesof the Den
tal organs. Fills teeth by the improved
method, and inserts artificial teeth on the
best material known to the profession.
{SsfOFFICE over Davenport and Son’s
Drug Store. marllt
M. H. O'DANIEL. M. D.
Americus, Ga.
Office and Residence, No. 21 Barlow
House.
All calls promptly attended, day or night.
Calls left at Eldridge’s Drug Store.
feb7-3m
Dr, J. F. Stapleton
Offers his professional services to the people
of Americus and surrounding eouutry. He
will practice medicine, surgery, obstetrics,
and all other matters pertaining to Lis pro
fession, A successful experience in the past
will guarantee to him success. Calls left at
the residence of Mrs. Mary Jossey, at Dr.
Eldridge’s Drug Store, and at the office of
Urs. Head & Black, will receive prompt
attention. janl9-3m
THE SUN SMBF
THE SUN’S first aim is to be truthful and
useful, its second,to write an entertaining
history of the times in which we live. It
prints, on an average, more than a million
copies a week. Its circulation is now larger
than ever before. Subscription: Daily (4
35c. a month, or *.50 a year; Sunday (s
pages), Sl.ao per year; Weekly (s pages),
$1 per year.
P 1. W. ENGLAND, Publisher,
New York City.
irnmmm.
I hMvo a positive remedy tor the above disease; bv lie
iit-Y ihousaiuls orpitsQHof the worst kind and of Joint
„ , -,i 1. . r ,vu ti ’.oi .Mired. IndiiOil, no strong Is my faith
, , ■ Ij.M v i Oil I will si’ll.l TWO BOTTLES KIOSK,
i . ‘ • •.. , \ . i.UAIM.K TREATISE on tills disease,
... • ~,ij- . - ii,v.. KxnivMH mill I*. O. address.
r .. ,-uii CM. 181 IV.-irl St.. New York.
SIVORCES.— No publicity; residents of
any State. Desertion, Non-Support
ice and applications for stamp. IV. H.
Leo, Att’y, S3 Broadway, New Fork.
ADVERTISERS by addressing GEO. P.
ROWELL & CO., 10 Spruce Street, New
York, can learn the exact cost of any pro
posed line of ADVERTISING in American
Newspapers. FSyiOO page Pamphlet, 25c.
THE ATLANTA
SUNDAY PHONOGRAPH
Is a lively, spicy Sunday paper, devoted to
Local, General, Miscellaneous, Society and
Dramatic news, together with Choice Sto
ries, Poetry and Literary matter. Samples
can be had for a one-cent stamp. Address,
feb2-3m PHONOGRAPH, Atlanta, Ga.
r SIMMONS \
fcREGULATORI
Yangcment of Liver, Bowels and Kidneys.
SYMPTOMS OF A DISEASED LIVER.
Rad Breathy Pain in the Side, sometimes the
Pain is felt under the Shoulder-blade, mistaken for
Rheumatism; general loss of appetite; Rowels
generally costive, sometimes alternating with lax;
the head is troubled with pain, is dull and heavy,
with considerable loss of memory, accompanied
with a painful sensation of leaving undone something
which ought to have been done; a slight, dry cough
and flushed face is sometimes an attendant, often
mistaken for consumption; the patient complains
of weariness and debility; nervous, easily startled;
feet cold or burning, sometimes a prickly sensation
of the skin exists; spirits are low and despondent,
and, although satisfied that exercise would be bene
ficial, yet one can hardly summon up fortitude to
try it—in fact, distrusts every remedy. Several
of the above symptoms attend the disease, but cases
have occurred when but few of them existed, yet
examination after death has shown the Liver to
have been extensively deranged.
It should be used by all persons, old and
young, whenever any of the above
symptoms appear.
Persons Traveling or Living in Un
healthy Localities, by taking a dose occasion
ally to keep the Liver in healthy action, will avoid
all Malaria, Bilious attacks, Dizziness, Nau
sea, Drowsiness, Depression of Spirits, etc. It
will invigorate like a glass of wine, but is no in
toxicating beverage.
If You have eaten anything hard of
digestion, or feel heavy after meals, or sleep
less at night, take a dose and veu will be relieved.
Time and Doctors* Bills will be saved
ly always keeping the Regulator
' in the House!
For, whatever the ailment may be, n thoroughly
safe purgative, alterative ami tonic can
never be out of place. The remedy is harmless
and does not interfere with business or
pleasure.
IT IS PURELY VEGETABLE.
And has all the power and efficacy of Calomel or
Quinine, without any of the injurious after effects.
A Governor's Testimony.
Simmons Liver Regulator has been in use in my
family fir some time, anil I am satisfied it is a
valuable addition to the medical science.
J. Gim. Shorter, Governor of Ala.
Hon. Alexander 11. Stephens, of Ga.,
says: Have derived some benefit from the use of
Simmons Liver Regulator, and wish to give it a
further trial.
“The only Thing that never fails to
Believe."—l have used many remedies for Dys
pepsia, Liver Affection and Debility, but never
nave found anything to benefit me to the extent
Simmons Liver Regulator has. I sent from Min
nesota to Georgia for it. and would -uid further for
such a medicine, and would advise ail who are sim
ilarly affected to give it a trial as it seems the only
thing that never fails to relieve.
I*. M. Jan.nfy, Minneapolis, Minn.
Dr. T. W. Mason says: From actual ex
perience in the use of Simmons Liver Regulator in
my practice 1 have been and am satisfied to use •
and prescribe it as a purgative medicine.
only the (Icmiiii!-, which always
h.v; on the Wrapper the red Z Tr-.ule-Maik
and Signature of ,J. 11. ZSII.LV u CO.
FOR HALF. BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
TUTT’S
A DISO&bS^D^LIVER* 3
IS THE SANE
of the present generation. It is for the
tjure of this disease and its attendants”.
SICK-HEAD ACHE, EILIOTJ3NESS, DYS
PEPSI A, CONSTIPATION, PILES,” etc., that
TTJTT’S PILLS have gained a world-wide
reputation. No Remedy has ever been
discovered thp.t acts bo gently on the
digestive organs, giving them vigor to
eimilate food. Asa natural result, _the
Iftorvous System is Braced, the Muaclea
are Developed, and the Body Robust.
0b.i7.1s and. 3F"ovor,
E. RIVAL, a Planter at Bayou Sara, La., saya >
My plantation is in a malarial district. For
several years I could not taalce half a crop on
account of bilious diseases and chills. I was
nearly discouraged when I began tho use of
TUTT’S PILLS. Tho result was marvelous:
my laborers soon became hearty and robust,
and I have had no further trouble.
They relieve the engorged Liver, cleanse
the Blood from poisononn bunion, ami
euuse the bowels to net naturally, with
out which no one ean feel well.
Try this remedy fairly, and you will gain
a healthy Digestion, Vigorous Body. Pure
Blood, .Strong Nerves, and a Sound Liver.
Price, 25Cents. Office, 55 Murray St., N. Y.
TUTT’S HAIR DYE.
Gray Hair or WmsKKP.s changed to a Glossy
Black by a single application of this Dye. It
imparts a natural color, and acts instantaneously.
Sold by Druggists, or sent by express on receipt
of One Dollar.
Office, 33 Murray Street, New York.
(Dr. TVTrs JfAXUAL of
Information and Useful Receipts I
will be mailed FREE on application
KOSHPEITj
WITTES*
What tlie creat restorative, Ilostettor’s
Stomach Bitters, will do, must he gathered
from what it has done. It lias effected rad
ical cures in thousands of cases of dyspep
sia, hi lions disorders, intermittent fever,
nervous affectations, general debility, con
stipation, sick headache, mental despon
dency, and the peculiar complaints and dis
abilities to which the feeble are so subject.
For sale by all Druggists and Dealers
generally.
FOUTZ’S
HORSE AND CATTLE POWDERS
No Robs* will die of Colic. Rots or Lung Fk-
Vbb, It Route's Powders are used In time.
Fontz's Powders wHI cure and prevent Hog CnoLKHA.
route’s Powders will prevent Gapes in Fowls.
toutz’s Powders will Increase the quantity of milk
and cream twenty per cent., and make the butter Arm
and sweet.
route's Powders will cure or prevent almost kvery
Disease to which Ilorscs aud Cattle are subject.
Foutz’h Powders will give Satisfaction.
Bold everywhere.
DAVID F. FOUTZ, Proprietor.
BALTIMORE, MD.
INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS, AND DEVOTED TO NEWS, LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND GENERAL PROGRESS.
AMERICUS, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 1883.
For Dyspepsia,
Costive n ess,
l Sick Headache,
C hronic Diar
rhoea, Jaundice,
Impurity of the
Blood, Fever and
| Ague, Malaria,
and all Diseases
caused by De-
GEORGIA.
Facts and Figures Relative to
the Empire State of
the South.
Its Even Temperature, Favorable
Location, Soil and Climate.
Its Citizens Law-Abiding and Hospi
table, Good Schools, Many Advan
tages, and Strong Inducements
to Those Seeking Homes.
Homes and a Hearty Welcome to
all Good Citizens.
From nibble’s ileal Estate Guide.
The entire State of Georgia, lies
within the southern portion of the
Temperate zone, and, as a conse
quence, is exempt, alike, from the lig
ors and other discomforts and disad
vantages of a cold climate and the de
bility and diseases incident to tropical
regions. It may he said, with perfect
truth, that there is no part of the
known world where a greater degree of
physical comfort can be secured the
year round, or where a greater amount
of labor can be performed in the usual
vocations within the same period of
time, than in Georgia.
The geographical situation of Geor
gia is worthy of note in another, the
commercial view, of the question. The
32d parallel of north latitude passes
nearly through the centre of the .State;
the great southern trans-continental
line of railway, to connect the Atlan
tic aud Pacific oceans by a communica
tion uninterrupted by snows in win
ter, and open the year round, has been
located on and near that parallel. Sa
vannah, Georgia’s principal seaport,
is but 15 degrees north of that line,and
is destined to become the eastern ter
minus of this great highway of trade.
It is 943 miles nearer to San Diego,on
the California coast, than New York
—the eastern terminus of the northern
lines—is to San Francisco;the distance
between the two latter cities being 8,-
450 miles, while the distance between
the two former is only 2,512 miles.
This road will he completed in a very
few years, and its beneficial effects up
on the trade and general prosperity of
Georgia are too obvious to require
comment. The facts stated show that
this southern line is destined to become
the favorite highway of the Pacific
trade, including that of China and Ja
pan, with the ports of Georgia and its
ohiet entrepots of the East.
Georgia is ample in her domain.
The State has an average length
(north and south) of about 300 miles,
and is, with the exception of Florida,
the largest of the American States east
of the Mississippi river. The superfi
cial area is 58,000 square miles, or, by
land measurement, 37,120,000 acres.
Nearly the whole of this vast surface
is susceptible of profitable tillage;
those portions that are too mountain
ous, and the irreclaimable swamps, in
cluding tho salt marshes along the coast
being estimated at only about one per
cent. There is no sterile land inGeor
gia, and it may be safely said that no
portion of the globe of equal extent is
capable of producing more to satisfv
the wants of man.
We have seen that the State has an
area of 58,000 square miles Her pop
ulation, according to the census
taken in 1870, was, in round numbers,
1,184,000, or a fraction over 20 to the
square mile. Allowing her producing
capacity to be only equal to that of
other nations, we may form some idea
of the additional population she is ca
pable of sustaining, by a comparison
of tho above figures with those of oth
er countries. As we only' wish to il
lustrate, we shall name but a few that
are well known to the civilized world:
England, with an area of 50,300
square miles, or less than that of Geor
gia by nearly 8,000, supports a popu
lation of 21,290,000, or over nineteen
times greater than that of Georgia
Ireland, with an area of 82,580
square miles, being a little over half
the size of Georgia, sustains a popula
tion of 5,412,000, or nearly five times
gieater than that of Georgia.
Norway and Sweden, with an area
of 293,000 square miles, or about five
times that of Georgia, have about the
same population to the square mile,
with, perhaps, not one tenth the same
productive capacity.
Fiance, with an area of 204,000
square miles, or less than four times as
great as that of Georgia, supports a
population of 36,103,000, or over thirty
times as great as that of Georgia.
Holland, with an area of 12,700
square miles, or a little more than one
fifth that of Georgia, supports a popu
lation of 3,810,000, or over three times
that of Georgia.
Belgium, with an area of 11,370
square miles, or less than one-fifth that
of Georgia, supports a population of
5,337,000, or nearly five times that of
Georgia.
Switzerland, with an area of 15,990
square miles, mostly mountainous, or
about three and a half times less than
that of Georgia, has a population of
2,650,000, or over double that of Geor
gia.
Prussia, with ail area of 136,100
square miles, or about two and a third
times greater than that of Georgia, sus
tains a population of 25,773,000, or
about twenty-five times that of Georgia.
These comparisons—in some instan
ces with countries whose climates and
topographical conditions are unfavor
able to productions, as for instance,
Switzerland, and Norway and Sweden
—will serve to show the vast reserved
capabilities of Georgia, and what im
mense additions might be made to her
present population without crowding to
an extent where subsistence would be
insufficient, or even difficult.
Lower Georgia, is, for the most part,
a level country, the natural growth,
especially of the uplands, is pine. It
is said to be the finest timber country
on the continent. The yellow, or long
leaf pine still abounds, and the rivers
and railroads furnish convenient and
cheap modes of transporting it to mar
ket. The lands are valuable for agri
cultural purposes, and susceptible, por
ps, of a greater variety of productions
than any other division of the State.
Much of this pine land is hilly, and
the residents in such localities—which
almost invariably border the flat lands
—have good water and enjoy good
health throughout the year.
In nothing regarding us, is a greater
mistake made abroad, and indeed, in
some parts of our own country, than in
the climate, or atmospheric conditions,
of Georgia. The State being in the
southern portion of the Union, lying
between parallels of latitude 30 degrees,
29 minutes, 27 seconds, (average) and
35 degrees, the stranger naturally con
cludes that our climate is mild and de
lightful in winter: and in this he is cor
rect. We have but little snow—in
more than half tho State none at all foi
years together—we import or manufac
ture all our ice, anil field work may he
kept up at all periods of the year. The
difficulty with strangers is in determin
ing the character of our climate during
the summer months. Tho winters be
ing pleasant and genial, they conclude,
without further investigation, that the
summer s must necessarily he hot and
sultry. This is a serious mistake, as
all will testify who have any practical
knowledge of tho subject. No finer
summer climate is to be found on the
continent, east of the Mississippi river,
than that of many parts of Georgia,
and, as a whole, it will compare favor
ably in this respect with that of the
States of the north and northwest. The
mean annual temperature south of a
line drawn across the State from Au
gusta to Columbus, is between 64 de
grees and 68 degrees. We have the
winter climate of Rome, and tho sum
mer climate of Jerusalem.
in explanation of these facts, certain
features in the geographical situation
and physical conformation of the State
must be taken into consideration. In
Lower Georgia, the mercury sometimes
rising as high as 96 degrees, rarely
above that figure. It lies, however,
between the Atlantic < toean and the
Gulf of Mexico, in close proximity to
both, and the temperature is greatly
modified by the strong currents of sea
air whic continually pass from one of
these great bodies of water to the oilier.
In no part of Southern Georgia does the
mercury often rise above 90 degrees,
whilst in winter it seldom descends to
the freezing point. Sun-strokes, so
common in the Northern and North
western States, are almost wholly un
known in Georgia.
At New York, in mid summer the
days are nearly an hour longer than
they are at Savannah, and at Quebec,
in Canada, nearly one hour and a half
longer, and the nights correspondingly
shorter; the consequence is, at New
York there is one hour longer for the
heat to accumulate from the direct rays
of the sun, and one hour less time in
tho night for the heat thus accumulated
to be carried off by radiation. This is
said to be tho cause why northern lati
tudes are hotter in summer than south
ern latitudes.
Finally, we have no hesitation in
saying that, take it the year round,
the climate of Georgia is equal to any
to be found on the globe, whether we
regard personal comfort in in-door and
in ont-door work, or tho production of
crops for the support of man and beast,
both in the summer and winter months.
The distribution of rainfall—a most
important consideration—is such as to
secure a fair general average of crops.
The arc no periodical wet and dry sea
sons. Irrigation on a large scale is
wholly unknown in Georgia, except on
the rico plantations, where occasionally
flows of water facilitate successful cul
tivation. Crops are sometimes cut
short is some localities from the want
of a proper amount ofmoistnre; hut we
have never known a total failure of the
crops from drought, or from any other
cause, in Georgia.
SOILS AND PRODUCTIONS.
Tho soils of Georgia are among the
very best of the older States; in virgin
fertility sho surpassed them all, as is
evidenced by her rapid settlement from
other States upon her extinguishment
of the Indian title to the lands. Inju
dicious cultivation, in the haste to get
rich, has done much, in past years, to
impair and waste their strength; but
wiser views are now obtaining, and
with systems of culture greatly im
proved, production is steadily increas
ing without material addition to the
population.
Tho soils of Georgia are as various
as the elements of rocks and vegetable
and animal remains that compose them.
Southern, or Lower Georgia, consists
chiefly of pine land, with occasional
belts of oak and hickcyy, and where
these cccur the soil has a considerable
mixture of reddish or light-brown clay,
and is very productive. The lands
generally are light and easy of cultiva
tion, and while some portions, especial
ly those on the water courses of the
southwest and the red lands above re
ferred to, are very rich, nearly the whole
is tillable, and with occasional light
manuring, continue to produce good
crops from year to year. Asa general
rule, the lands are the cheapest in the
State. The leading field products are
cotton, sugar cane, corn, rice, oats, po
tatoes and fieldjpeas. The country be
ing open, and the pasturage good
throughout the year, large numbers of
beef, cattle and sheep are raised annu
ally for market, at a cost purely nomi
nal, as they require neither to be fed
nor sheltered. Wool forms quite an
item in the list of its exports; near 75,-
000 pounds were cleared at the custom
house at Brunswick alone during the
past year.
Cotton is produced generally through
out the section. Considerable rice is
also grown, chiefly for home consump
tion. on inland swamps and low lands
in Middle as well as Lower Georgia,
though the rice that enters into com
merce comes chiefly from the country
along the coast.
Sugar cane is also an important crop
of Southern Georgia, and could he
made among the most profitable. It
grows luxuriantly, and yields profitable
returns in sugar and syrup. Yet,
but little sugar is made for mar
ket,the planters usually confining them
selves to a sufficiency for home demand,
and relying chiefly upon the syrup as a
marketable crop. To show the capac
ity of the soil under high culture, we
mention one instance among the many
of equal production that are well vouch
ed for. In 1874, Mr. John J. Parker,
of Thomas county, produced, on one
acre, 694] gallons of cane syrup, worth
seventy-five cents per gallon, or #520.-
87. The total cost of production was
#77.50, leaving a net profit of #443.37.
Vegetables of every description do
well in this part of the State. Most of
the varieties maturing here in early
spring, before the seeds are planted in
the Northern States of the U nion, they
command a good price in consequence,
and producers realize handsomely from
their business.
< >f the fruits of this section, melons,
strawberries, grapes, peaches, plums,
quinces, are those chiefly cultivated lor
market. The fig and grape grow to
great perfection, and apples and cherries
i succeed well where attention has been
given to their cultivation. Some va
rities of the pear also thrive well in
this section of the State. The Scup
pernong grape grows in its greatest per
i lection: the crops are very heavy and
the fruit sweeter than that grown in
more northern latitudes.
Lower Georgia is said to resemble,
in soil and climate, those portions of
Prussia that lie in the vicinity of the
capital. The soil is, however, in its
natural state, far more productive, and
consequently requires less labor and
expense to be kept in good planting con
dition. Although generally sandy, it
has a good clay foundation, or subsoil,
from six to twelve inches below the
surface, which enables it to retain fer
tilizers and hold them as plant food.
TIMBER.
In the Southern division, the long
leaf or yellow pine, the great tree of
commerce, abounds. For building and
ship timber, this wood stands without
a rival in the markets of the world, and
the supply would seem to be inexhaus
tible. The section under consideration
embraces about 30,000 square miles,
24,000 of which our State Geologist,
who has special charge of that interest,
estimates is uncleared, and will pro
duce, on an average, 30,000 feet of first
class heart timber per acre. Nor does
its uses stop here. From the pine is
extracted the turpentine, rosin, tar and
pitch of commerce, and vast fields of it
are devoted to that purpose. The curl
ed pine of the coast country, in beauty
and susceptibility of polish, is without
a rival among the woods of any part of
the world. For panel-work, and furni
ture of all kinds, it is admirably adapt
ed. Specimens of this cabinet variety
of the pine have been sent to the Paris
Exposition of 1878, and visitors curi
ous in such matters are invited to in
spect it. The live-oak, remarkable
for its weight and toughness, and so
largely used in the construction of
those parts of ships that are subject to
the greatest strain, is found in large
quantities along the whole line of the
Georgia coast, and on the sea-islands.
In the same localities, we have the bay
and the cedar, also useful for manufac
turing purposes. In the river bottoms
and swamps of the entire lower half of
State, the cypress grows to an immense
size, and without limit as to quantity.
This is also a most durable wood,
though soft in texture, and easily work
ed. For shingles, weather-boarding,
wood-ware, ship sides fence posts, in
deed for most purposes where exposure
to the weather is necessary, there are
few woods that will answer a better
purpose or last longer. Our river bot
toms all over the State are well sup
plied with white-oak, which, for car
riage and wagon timber, and for barrel
staves, is considered superior to all
other woods. Ash, also used largely
in carriage factories, abounds in the
same localities.
These are but a few of the many
woods of the State which might be
mentioned as both useful or ornamental.
Of the supply, it need only be said that
full 60 per cent, at least, of the original
forest growth, or 22,200,000 ont of the
37,000,000 acres, is still standing.
MANUFACTURES.
A purely agricultural country, with
slave labor as its maiu dependence—as
Georgia was nntil a very recent date—
is unfavorable to progress in manufac
tures and the mechanic arts. The cul
tivation of the soil yields such hand
some returns, that the surplus capital
of the planter has no motive for seeking
other investments. It is, therefore,
converted into new lands, which are
abundant and cheap, and more negroes
to work them; and under the system no
people ever attained to independence
and wealth more rapidly. Habit, too,
is a hard master, and when combined
with interest, an absolute one.
Such was our condition as a people
previous to the late civil war. That
resulted in the freedom of the negro
race, and in an entire change in our
system of labor, as well as the destruc
tion of our wealth and the desolation of
our homes. With the great body of;
our people, from a variety of causes j
not necessary to be enumerated in this j
place, agriculture has not proved profit-j
able under the new system of free black ‘
labor. Capital and industry are, there
fore, looking to other channels of em
ployment, especially since the produc
tion ot cotton has attained to, if it has
not exceeded, the full measure of the
world’s demand. Northern capital,!
too, which accumlated immensely dur-j
ing |the war while ours suffered and
disappeared, has, of late years, sought,
new fields; in the business of manufac
turing, especially of our great staple,
cotton, and at the very place of its pro
duction.
From small beginnings these enter
prises have developed into considerable
magnitude of late years, and with a
pecuniary success that pointß to them
as the agents of anew and most pros
perous era in the history of our State.;
Georgia has great advantages, in
this respect, over the New England,
States, which have heretofore manu
factured most of the American cotton
and wool fabrics. We have the cotton
at hand, andean buy all we need at l
the mill, without the cost of transpor-'
tation and the profits of middle-men.
Wages are lower here than in New I
England. The cost of water or steam
power is less, and also building mate- ‘
rials of every kind. The expense of
living is less. The climate is more fa- f
vorable for the business, and our ma
chinery is never obstructed by ice. In
addition to these important advantages,
the consumers of our manufactured pro
ducts are at our very doors. For these
reasons, the manufacture of cotton, wool,
iron and wood are obliged to constitute
important interests in our State, at no j
distant day.
We have already made greater prog
resa in manntactuung than any other
Southern State.
Although all industries are laboring
under depression, to a greater or less
extent, at the present time, in any of
those named a skillful workman will
seldom fail to procure employment,
with remunerative wages.
TRANSPORTATION.
There are few things of greater in
terest to the citizens than the facilities
for traveling, and getting the products
of his industry to market. No man
is willing to live in a country where he
can leave home only at a great incon
venience and expense, or where he is
compelled to consume a great part of
the value of his produce in finding a
purchaser.
In this particular, Georgia is pecu
liarly favored. Her natural and her
artificial channels of commerce are rare
ly surpassed in any country.
RAILROADS.
The State of Georgia is literally cov
ered over with a net-work of railroads.
There are but a few portions of it where
a loaded wagon cannot reach the cars,
discharge, and return home the same
day, while to a very large proportion of
our people the convenience ot a railroad
is carried to their very doors.
POPULATION.
The population of Georgia, as stated
in the census of 1870, numbers 1,184,-
m
Of the character of the people, it
may be said that they are intelligent,
industrious, energetic, home-loving, and
hospitable. Strangers never fail to re
ceive a hearty welcome in Georgia, nor
to make friends, where their conduct is
such as to commend them to others.
No part of our population appears to
feel more at home, and to pursue their
various callings with a stronger confi
dence of success, than the natives of
foreign lands who have crossed the
great water and cast their lots in this
favored land. Their examples of in
dustry, economy, cheerfulness, and res
pect for law, have made them useful
members of society, and large contribut
ors to the energy and wealth of State.
Georgia always receives such accessions
to her population with open arms, and
readily adopts them as parts of her
great republican family. In answer to
one of a series of questions to intelligent
citizens in every county in State, the
almost unanimous response was, that
the people desire immigration, and are
prepared to extend a hearty welcome to
all honest and industrious settlers from
other countries.
Georgians are, emphatically, a read
ing and thinking people, especially in
matters involving their own political
government. In no State in the Union
do the people take a more lively inter
est in public affairs. "Few States have
contributed more great men to the na
tional councils, and from the date of
Independence till uow, her soldiers
have alwaye rauked among the first on
the field of battle. Our people are al
waye equal to the occasion when it calls
for brave or virtuous dreds. for acts of
duty, or of kindness or for personal
sacrifice for the public good. No people
ever turned their baoks upon the deso
lations of war, and began the battle of
i OUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
NO. 61.
life anew with stronger arms and stouter
hearts than they; and in no other South
ern State has such progress been made
in the work of recuperation.
The negro population is receiving,
equally with the whites, the benefits of
the public school fund, are rapidly im
proving in intelligence, and becoming
more efficient as field laborers under
wise and just management and close
supervision by employers.
HEALTH.
The idea obtains, among those who
have not taken the trouble to inform
themselves on the subject, that Geor?
gia. because she is a Southern State,
has an unwholesome atmosphere,
makiug health insecure within her
borders. There could be no greater er
ror, as a comparison of vital statistics
will abundantly show. The health ot
Georgia will average quite as well as
that of any Mate in the Union. Our
citizens of Northen nativity will sustain
us in this declaration. Immediately
along the lines of rivers and swamps,
it is conceded that the atmosphere is
impure, during the summer aud fall
months. But, owing to the favorable
lace of the country in this section of
the State, being plentifully supplied
with hills and highlands, even ihobe
who cultivate the swauips and river
bottoms, can fix their residences in the
vicinity where they will not be exposed
to their malarial influences. And these
influences are being rapidly annihilated
year after year, by draining and reduc
ing to dry culture the swamps, which,
when thus reclaimed, become both
harmless and among the most produc
tive lands in the State. There are large
districts that were considered next to
uninhabitable thirty year ago from this
cause, but which are now tilled with a
thriving population, who find no diffi
culty in residing in them the year
round.
The pine lands of Southern Georgia
are annually visited in winter by large
numbers from the Northern States suff
ering from pulmonary affections, iheu
matism, etc. Consumption is a dis
ease almost unknown in Georgia, ex
cept when imported from other States.
For the information of those who ob
ject to Georgia on the score of latitude
aud its supposed unhealthiness, we
would institute a single, but most strik
ing, comparison: The State of Michi
gan, in the extreme northern portion of
the Union, and bordering on Canada,
with an atmosphere purified by perpet
ual breezesfrom the surrounding lakes,
is esteemed to be one of the healthiest
States in the Union. Her population
and that of Georgia, according to the
last census, approximate so nearly that
there is a difference of but just,/?/?//
souls, and the vital statistics of the
two States, respectively, show that
their death rates are about the same.
It is difficult to answer such facts and
figures as these, and ignorance and prej
udice must give way to truth founded
on actual experience.
PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.
The Common Schools of Georgia
form, by far the most interesting fea
ture of her educational system. Re
cognizing the great moral and political
truth that intelligence and virtue form
the basis of all good government, the
people of Georgia have inserted in their
Constitution, or fundamental law, a
provision declaring that “there shall be
a thorough system of common schools
for the education of children,” which
“shall be free to all the children of the
State,” the expenses of which “shall be
provided for by taxation, or otherwise.”
In accordance with this constitutional
provision, the necessary laws have been
passed, and the system referred to is
now in successful and beneficient oper
ation, the whites and the blacks being
educated in separate schools. The State
appropriates annually, fur the support
of these free schools, about #300,000,
and this sum is supplimentedeach year
by local city and county appropriations
to the amount of between $140,000 and
$150,000. The number of pupils in
actual attendance on these schools in the
year (1877), was in round numbers,
191,000, ot whom 127,000 were whites
and 64,000 blacks. The progressive
interest in, and usefulness of, the sys
tem are illustrated by the statistics of
attendance from year to year.
In 1871, when it was put in
operation, the number of children
taught was but 46,578 —42.914 whites
and 0,664 blacks. In 1874 the num
ber had increased to 145,541, in 1876,
to 179,405; and in 1877, to upwards of
191,000
The Common School organization
extends to every county in the State,
and includes every district or subdivis
ion of the counties where tho popula
tion is sufficiently numerous to admit
of a school; so that there is scarcely a
child in Georgia who is not within
reach of a Bchool where a good educa
tion can be obtained free of expense.
In fine, it may be said with truth
that, as respects educational facilities
and their adaptation to the public wants,
the State of Georgia is in advance of
all her sister Southern States; while,
in this respect, she is progressing year
after year, and will soon stand side by
side with the older and more favored
commonwealths of the North.
BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
Associations for mutual aid in times
of sickness and distress are numerous
in Georgia, and to be found in nearly
all the counties of the State. The piin
cipal organizations are secret, and as
folowe:
The Free and Accepted Masons, the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
the Knights of Pythias, Knights of
Honor, Sons of Malta and Independent
Order of Good Templar*.