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wtcnr.n aimke.
Aimce i» k curious study to s student
of the human. Hhc dresses gorgeously,
s different set of jewelry with everydress,
hosiery that costs ten to fifteen dollars
the pair, and shoes with heels that make
you wonder how aho balances herself
upon them. Hhc has a full bust, ami
round, while arms, bare to the top, and
hands which look as though they had
once,'hut not lately, known work or
worker; but her faco is wonderful—It is
ugly, yet she makes it fascinating. Hhc
can look mnro wickedness than auy other
women could talk, and seems to be very
incarnation of attractive sin. No one
could ever think of her ns having once
been a baby, and held in a mother’s lap,
nr lieurd lullabies from a mother's lips.
OUVK Isioan Is astonished at the
i|uiokne«nol a young girl in Isnnlon who
has remarkable gifts of clairvoyance.
Olive took out of her pocket (look a
Chinese coin that she had obtained In
Han Francisco and handed it to tho
father of the little girl; he stood in the
nudience while the daughter remained
on the stage. "What is this Louie? 1 *
asked the man. "A coin, papa," an
swered the littlo girl. "What sort of a
coin?” "Foreign coin, papa." “Can
you toll mo what country i tVame from ?”
"China, papa,” she replied, without a
pause. Olivo Login was surprised that
the man should know the coin, even
when ho held it in his hands and in
spected it, for Chinese coins are not so
common in London as they are in Han
Francisco.
The social feature ol tho Orange forms,
in reality, its chief glory, and from this
source alone may wo look for the best
results.
CLARK’,] "0. H. V_SPOOL COTTON.
lion, mill Wlirrr II In Hmlp Tkr I'lnrk
Thrrnsl torn pun.v -1. nr I Work* In
thoftfrn Wnrlil-Aprpa orNpIrn-
<IM IliillslInKM k or«*«la ol 4
Wonderful vfni-hliire.i.
The Process of Manufacture.
Down litlhr Colton Hrl(li-Tlir i:m|tlo.r<-»'
Nni’lrllt'* Tin* Clark Hour Compnii.s
A Ui-nnd llrllrf Noelct,?- Kin*
(Vnlrnnlnl lixriir*
•Inn Thr KenoNurtl
r.iiifka Club mid
TIiImIIi* llnntl.
M.VSV IM KlIHHTINd I’AKTICl'I.AItH.
t'rcni Ills K.., \ I'ounlr Pn». N.*«rk. N..I.
At thol'ootof Clark street,in the F.ighth
w ard of the city of Nowark, on the banks
ol tho I’assnic, occupying several acres of
ground,upon which arelmlldings tho Hoor-
uigsof which measure nearly eight acrea,
are aituateil the largcat thread worka in
the New World, employing about flfteou
hundred hands mid paying nut every two
weeks from sixteen to twenty thousand
dollars ill wages, to bo distributed by the
employee among different classes nr.d oe-
cupatfoimin fhe city, and from fifteen to
twenty thousand per month to other par-
lies here,who in various ways areconncct-
od with this vastcalablishmont. Although
having tho largest pay roll of any em
ployers in Now Jersey, and contributing
more to the welfare and prosperity of the
city than ail iis financial institiitiona
combined, we hear ieHs in the liewapapors
of this world of wealth makers than of
some second clans money lending simp
on Broad atroel. It would be useless for
any one to attempt to trace to their
source all the varied industries which
have entered into the production of
Clark's " (). N. T.” Spool Cotton, which
is sold by every merchant dealing in dry
goods, fancy goods, lioisery, notions, etc.,
in tho Cnited] Btatca, and contains two
hundred yards of that indispensable ar-
liclo, strong, smooth and beautiful. It
is ninde up of
NEARLY KORTY-TWO MILLION DOURLING6,
and yet. in so line as to be hardly visible a
few l nob oh from tho naked eye. The im
mense capital invested in the Clark
Thread Company's Works and the vast
volume of business, amounting to several
millions rer annum, extending to every
part of the United States, is one of the
principal sources ol Newark’s prosperity.
What it is and the blessings which flow
from it, are not realized by one in a thou
sand of the |ioople who dwell within the
soundoi their tower bell. Notwithstand
ing the large amount of money which
the establishment was to pour into the
bunds of every merehaut and trailer in
the city, as events have shown, the first
thing which the City Fathers did when
these works were being erected was to tax
the bricks and material not yet shaped
into buildings. It was on a par with the
intelligence and appreciation of the
REAL SOUttCES OK WEALTH,
usually exhibited by the average politi
cian. Had it been some trust company or
curbstono brviker that asked exemption,
it would probably nave been granted.
*»mo idea of the value of these works to
the community may lx* had by an illus
tration of a thing which might roallv
happen at any time. The Clark Thread
Company employ, as states!, about fif
teen hundred person-, paying out- to
tiuun sixteen to twenty thousand
dollars every two weeks. These hun
dreds of hands pay out that money to the
huieher,the baker, t he grocer,theelothier,
the dry goods merchant .and nil who have
anything to sell got a part of it in some
way, either directly or indirectly. From
their bauds it goes to pay debts, meetob
ligations ami fill the cuaunels of trade
with the circulating medium called
money, and which is to business what
blood is to the human system, giving it
life, animation and power. Suppose to- i
night these works were
DEfcTROYED BY KIRK.
They are fully insured. The Clark Thread
( ompauy receive their insurance in cash
from their underwriters. They say to
themselves; ** Business is. dull, sales arc
uncertain, profits are small, the future is
unknown, and our task are heavy. ^The
v :i-*t business requires close attention anil
1*•' i'i« *>t enoiY\. We will not take this
money and rebuild the works, but adopt
the plan puntued by moat moneyed men,
viz: go to Washington, buy government
bonds, bring themliomc, put them in a
tin box, pay no taxes, and Hit down U>
take our eaae, eat, drink and be jmerry,
with no though of care, supported In lux
ury without risk by tho intercut on our
bonds, paid by taxation of tho producing
clause*. Can any man calculate the wide
spread ruin which would follow such a
calamity ami course of action by The
Clark Thread Company? It would l>e
incalculable. All those people who earn
ed money to purchase what they wanted
to buy, would Ik* added to the lint of
pauper* who to-day clamor for work or
bread» Misery, want,
HTARVATION AND L'lllMI?
would be the fruit of hucIi n course. But
this inexactly what has been done through
out the country, rnd explains why one in
twclvo in Newark are to-day suppor^d by
the city. The productive’capital of the
country, which employed our now idle
millions, has been put into government
bonds,and appalling destitution and want
are on every hand,and increasing at a fear
ful rate. I aibor is tho source of all wealth
and prosperity, and there is no loss equal
to that which folldwA enforced Idleness of
the producing classes. There is no music
M) full of joy and peace and good will to
men as the song of labor and the music of
machinery. Better far that all other
songs lie hushed and every note be stilled,
rather than those, and to therfi we now
introduce the reader.
ON THE DOCK
of the Clark Thread Company, which is
five hundred feet long, is a mountain of
two or three thousand tons of coal, drawn
out of boats at tbe|wlmrf by a donkey en
gine, and the bales of cotton find their
way f rom tho same wharf to the brick
house, for storage of that precious ma
terial, one nounu of which will make one
hundred mflesof thread, containing about
forty-two million doublings. The mind
cannot grasp the numerical fact. But four
grades of cotton areordinarily used in tho
manufacture of Clark’s “O.N.T.” Spool
Cotton, and known as “Sea Island Cot
ton.” This eomoH principally from South
Carolina and iK grown on the small is
lands along the cost. Considerable is
raised on the peninsula and around tho
bays and inlets, hut it is not equal to
that of the sen islands, which isth - finest
in the world. Tho first hag, of this sea
island cotton of the crop of 1876 was pur
chased by the Clark Thread Company at
lilty cents per pound. The inland cotton
is not used in tlio manufacture of thread,
being too rhort in tho fibre. On these
sea islands were the richest planters of
tho South in
THE Ol,l> SLAVE DA YH.
many of them having as high as six hun
dred slaves, and compared with whom the
feudal lordsof Fngluud were children in
luxury, hospitality and elegance. Hut
to-day all is changed. Those vast estates
are cut up into small plantations, muny
of them owned by the negroes, who now
call no man master. They bring in their
season's product, sometimes on a mule
and again in large quantities. Brokers,
on tho ground or at the landings, buy
and pay the negroes for their cotton,olten
dividing the money according to tho
labor performed in ruining the crop. >omo
lease the land of the former owners, hut
the old state of things is “dun elar gone.”
This trade and traffic, it may be lairly
expected, will in a few years largely in
crease the wealth and intelligence ol the
race in those localities.
THE SKA ISLAND COTTON
brings treble the price of inland. An
acre will produce in the neighborhood of
three hundred and fifty pounds of seed
cotton, which when ginned weighs about
seventy-live jammls, or one to five. Tho
negroes without doubt will eventually
grow all t ho cotton, as not one in five of
the Northern men have thus far succeed
ed iu their Attempts. Let the reader re
member that we have not looked at a sin
gle piece of machinery yet, and then cal
culate tho number of people and tho
amount of wealth, these works employ
and produce, before we reach the factory.
The sail, the mine, commerce and manu
factures, nil find employment to supply
The Clark Thread t 'ompuny’s works, and
when thoy stop the cotton may bloom
and fall uiiplmked, the coal miner may
starve on a bed ot black diamonds, the sails
on tho rivers be spread to the breeze no
more, and the lathes in a hundred shops
ins left to rust iu silence. The manufac
ture of Chirk’s “O.N.T.” Spool cotton
embraces the islands of the tea and pen
etrates the bowels of the earth, utilizing
the treasures of wealth on every hand,
enriching and blessing mankind at every
step, from the womb of ages to the spin
dles at Newark. Wo will now examine
into the immediate sources of the power
which drives the endless machinery of
this vast hive of industry, with its sixty
miles of beltiug and about seventy miles
of steam pipe for heating purposes.
WE ENTER THE ENiilNE HOUSE,
itself large enough for an ordinary fac
tory. Here is a mighty production of
human brain and brawn. 1 n the presence
of this monster, with it* mnjes’.ic trend,
one feels his own insignificance and frail
ty. This vast piece of machinery, mov
ing silently, save the sharp click of tho
improved steam cut-oils, is equal in pow
er to tho combined draft of six hundred
horses, and is two engines in one, usually
termed a double engine. The fly-wheel,
travelog at the rate of forty-eight revo
lutions per minute and carrying three
huge belts on its surface, each two feet
wide, is seventy eight feet in circum
ference, twenty-five feet in diameter,
and weighs thirty tons or sixty thousand
pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in
thickness, the double cylindersnre tweuty-
six inches in diameter, with condensers,
and a stroke of five feet. They were built
by Corliss,in 187-t. Oneof the three belts
on the fly-wheel is on© hundr. 1 and fifty
leet iu length. But even this double mon
ster could not run the work- it has a
big twin brother, and together they travel
every day for ten hours on th ir endless
journey, and never get tired. They are
wonders of power and elegan ; workman
ship, worthy of a visit from any one who
wants to see the
BIGGEST PAIR OK TWt.VS
in New Jersey. They are supplied with
steam from mne immense tubular boilers
and four large upright boilers, Corliss’
plan. They consume twenty-live tons of
coal per day, which will give*some idea of
the amountof steam necessary to drive the
immense establishment. Besides these
there are three ordinary sized engines,
made by Watts, Campbell & Co. of New
ark. iu different parts ot the works, mak
ing seven in all, a grand total of nearly
fourteen hundred horse jxiwcr. The
young mountain of coal, which looks
enough to last the whole city a year, is
rebuilt by two hundred and fifty ton boat
loads, at brief intervals,
MANUFACTURING THE THREAD.
The cotton is brought in hales to the
mixing rooms, when it is examined and
placea in binjt, according to the different
grade*, ready for the scutching machines,
which open and beat the material, clean
ing if from the dirt and sand it eon tains
in the bale. After going through the
scutching machine, it conies out in the
shape of a roll, like wall paper, compara
tively soft, white and clean, it is, how
ever, really in a very rough state, com
pared with the fineness and perfection
that is to be reached. Several of these
scutching machines arc running continu
ally, and their sound is like the roar of a
lightning express train, as it whirls past
the platform where you stand. The first
scutcher is fed with tho bale cotton from
ahopper which letsitthrough into knives
set in large rollers, which revolve with
tremendous force and lightning speed,
picking the cotton into xmull pieces, and
passing it by suction of air, on to other
rollers, between which it goes and comes
out in the shape of a web or “lap,’ in
large rolls. Pour of these rolls are then
placed upon a machine like the first and
run together t hrough the same process of
KICKING AND HEATING AND CLEANING,
when itcomosoiitagainin the same shape
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
which it is desired to make the “sliver”
from which the thread yarn is t« be spun.
What a “sliver” is will bo learned further
on. The machine is so delicately set that
it regulates tho thickness of the web or
lap to within half an ounce, in a web of
five feet, weighing only twclvo to eighteen
ounces. After being put through three
scutching machines in this way and com
ing out with eight thicknesses of well or
lap similar to tlint produced by the first
process, it. is ready for the carding ma
chine. This department is filled with
Carding Machines,Drawing Frames, Lap-
)ers, and Combing Machines, a perfect
abyrintliof belting, pulleys and machin
ery, the noise of which is like the roar of
many waters mingled with the clatter of
a thousand wheels. One of the large
rolls of web or lapthatcame from tho hist
selltching machine is placed on a carding
machine, which takes and runs it
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of a large and small cylinder for the pur
pose of drawing out the entangled libel's
and laying them parallel or in the same
lino of direction and also to remove the
small pelliclesor motes which may have es
caped the'aetionof the scutching machine.
A-tter being treated in this way, a comb
er or doffer takes the web from the small
cylinder, which is now a delicate gauze ;
and it is gathered up and passed through
a small hole,say hall an inch in size,after
which it is coiled in a revolving can. The
whole process is one of wonderful delica
cy, the material being so finely worked
that a breath of air would break it. This
card contains ninety thousand square
teeth to a foot, or a total of four million
one hundred and eighty-six thousand. On
tho carding machine is a Attic joker that
works like some old man, raising the
wire-covered flats from the teeth of tho
carder, which it cleans, and throws ofT
the particles of dirt and coarse cotton
left on them. Hix of the
TIN CANS CALLED CARD SLIVERB,
ill which the roll is wound are now taken
to another machine called a Drawing
Frame and run together intoone “sliver.”
These six are so light that when they are
passed together through n hole and made
one, they fall into another sliver and are
then no larger than one oft the six from
which it was made,although t hey have not
yet been twisted at all. Fourteen of t hese
cans full of slivers are placed at the “Lap-
j>er”and run between two rollers,makiuga
now web nine inches wide and half an inch
thick, which comes out like the original
roll from the scutching machine that takes
the cotton from the bales, only that now
it is soft and delicate as is possible to
conceive, weighing only one hundred and
forty-five grains to the yard, nine inches
wide. It now goes in rolls to a wonder
ful little machine, a l , ’reneili invention,
iirvt introduced in this country by The
Claik Thread Company. It. is a refined
carding machine, the product of which
is as much superior in fineness to the large
carders just described as the most elegant
silk goods are to
THE COARSEST UOTTOX CI.OT11.
It is called the French combing machine
and is only used by the best thread mak
ers, as it is very expensive and while it
makes the thread superior in quality, it
adds twenty per cent, to the cost ol man
ufacture. Six of the to 1 Is of webbing arc
now passed together through the combing
machine between two rollers,and combed
by innumerable steel teeth to the fine
ness of gossamer and the thinness of a
spider’s web. It passes on, is gathered
into one soft round “sliver” again, goes
through rollers once more, when it is
coiled into cans as liefore, with a loss of
twenty per cent, on the material which
composed the web when it was'put on
the French machine. It is a texture so
fine and soft that one cannot but wonder
how it bears its own weight. After the last
process, six of the slivers are again put
through the drawing frame making one
sliver no larger than any of the six from
which it is drawn. Then six of the*? last
are put through the same process reducing
them in size six times,and adding that to
the length. This is repeated three times,
and each time they are coiled into cans,
the last Blivet is the same size and weight
as when the prosess began,although doub
led four kuuared and thirty-five thousand
four hundred and fifty-six times. The
last cans are now taken to
THE FIRST SLURRING FRAME,
from which cans they are passed through
rollers, then twisted to about the sized a
lead pencil, and wound on bobbins, all by
the same machine. From this they go to
the second slubbing frame,where ofle hun
dred and two spindles on each machine are
winding yarn from two hundred and lour
bobbins,which came from the firstslubber.
two threads being wound upon one spool!
The next or intermediate slubbing ma
chine winds upon oue hundred and sev
enty-six spools, from three hundred and
fifty-two bobbins, which came from the
second slubber. The next and last is called
the roving machine, and fills two hundred
and forty spools, which came from four
hundred and eighty bobbins, from the in
termediate slubbing machine. By tli ia rep
etition of doubling and twisting* the yarn
is fast becoming strongand hard. We now
follow the yarn called “roving” totheself-
acling “mule,” which makes eight hun
dred and forty thicads of yarn from six
teen hundred and eighty bobbins. This
wonderful machine, two of which are op
erated by one man,draws out the yam and
twists it from sixteen hundred and eighty
spools, when it conies away, and on its re
turn winds it on eight hundred cops
(spools) making the last number of
thread yarn. Wc now come to
THE THREAD MILL,
which is a distinct and independent de
partment. Thecotton yarn comes herc.and
first goes to the cop winding machines,
where it is run from the cops, through del
icate balances, over soft felt ground, upon
liobbins, two threads together upon one.
From the cop winding department, the
bobbins go to the slinging department,
where the two threads that were run to
gether on the spool, iu the cop winding
department, are twisted or spun in one
thread. The thread, as it is unwound,
runs through water, and rapidly over
glass guides, and the bobbin which re
ceives it revolves five thousand times per
minute, twisting hundreds of threads on
each machine. After being twisted two
threads together,making one hard thread,
three of the lat ter are again run together
on a bobbin, the same ns in the first cop
winding department. Three of these are
now twisted together,Imakingsixstrand',
and
TUP. PROCESS OF TWISTING THEM
is exactly the same as the one last de
scribed. It is known sis tho finishing
twisting department. When the thread
comes from the finishing twisting depart
ment, it is inspected with the greatest
care, by skillful persons, and put through
several tests liefore passing the reeling
department to lx? wound in skeins for the
bleach house. The machines in this de
partment are very curious, and daily turn
out vast ouantftiea of thread, which is
meknd, and given a through ticxet to the
deach and dye houses. They measure off
the thread into skeins of an exact length
and size, and when they have reeled off
just the right amount of yarn, always
stop, and unlike some kind of yarners,
they never forget to tell the same story
without variations. Again, after coming
from the reels,
TIIKTHRICAI) IHCAREFULLY INSPECTED,
the work employing several girls, who
take all the rough and imperfect thrend
from the hanks. After this second inspec
tion, we find it next in the bleach house.
The bleach and dye houses are among
llie most interesting departments of this
vast establishment,although not the most
agreeable. The progress in washing ma
chinery, that is here exhibited, would
make our grandmothers think that the
inilicnium had come. The baby washer,
as we call it, of this concern, is rather a
large child, whose place and uses will ap
pear later. After th© thread isspnt from
the inspection department to the bleach
and dye houses, it is unpacked, counted
and put into large tanks,immense loadsal
a time, and boiled by steam for several
hours, which takesout the dirt and
CLEANS IT PERFECTLY.
It is then put through washings oft,
and preparations wonderful and curious.
The water used, we judge, would have
increased the Hood just about enough to
have lifted Noah’s ark from the snag on
Mount Ararat. Some of the wash tubs
arc of stone, and all are on a scale equal
in magnitude to any of Col. Sellers’
scheme lor making millions. The loads of
thread are put in and taken out of boilers,
rinsers, washers, dryers,and half a dozen
other processes by machinery. Then,
after all this, it goes right hack to those
huge steam boilers, and the same thing
is done over again. 'I'he dry room is
heated by seven thousand five hundred
feet of steam pipe,and can be regulated to
any desired temperature. After leaving
the reeling department, the thread that
is to be colored goes to the dye house,and
that which is (• remain white, to the
bleach house. In the dye house is the
patent dying machine, used only to dye
black. It does the work fur better than
by hand, and is equal to the laborof more
than a dozen men.
ALL COLORS or THREAD
are made,and the quantities of soaps,dye-
stu I Is, and other material of the kind
used, are immense. I’iglity thousand
gallons of water are consumed daily in
the bleach house alone, and one of the
Artesian weils ol The Clark Thread Com
pany has a capacity of one hundred and
fifty thousand galllons per day. This is a
remarkable well, sixteen feet deep and
eight leet in dameter.of which Professor
Maynard, the New York chemist, said it
iroilueed the purest water be ever saw.
t makes a man thirsty to look at it, and
is absolutely free from any particles of
matter, by chemical test. The thread is
blued on a big scab', which gives that
handsome tint so greatly admired by the
ladies. Then it is committed to the ten
der mercies of the baby washer, which
are cruel, and goes through it ten times.
The baby is built like the ordinary wash
ing machine,but each of the rollers weighs
a thousand pounds, and as the thread
passes through the water into the washer
THEY HOP AND JUMP
and pound with antic* queer, but it does
the business thoroughly. This was former
ly done by the old fashioned pounder and
barrel which our grandmother used to
set us at when wo were boys, before going
to school in the morning. Then it is
drawn through the rinser, which is a
simple and novel machine, continually
supplied with pure Artesian well water.
The thread passes over a roller into the
water, comes up again over another roller
then down into the water, and up and
down, and out and in, and out and over
the reels’! iu to the great boxes on wheels,
from which it is put into a large water
extractor, a perforated hollow cylinder,
, revolving several thousand times i>er min
ute, and then it is transported to the dry
ing room. In this way five hundred heads
can be rinsed in four minutes which used
to take an hour and a half. After the
thread has come out of the drying room,
COLORED OR UNCOLORED,
it goes to the warerooms, where it is
counted and put iuto packages to be given
out preparatory to being wound upon
spools for the market. The thread hav
ing reached this stage of perfection, has
become very valuable and is looked after
with the greatest care. Tickets direct it
lo it? different departments and denote
its size, 'quality, etc. The inspection
and testing of thread is one of the most
important features in its production, and
it would surprise the lady who sews day
after day with Clark’s “ O. N. T.” Spool
Cotton, to know by what patient and con
stant care the perfect smoothness and
regularity of the thread was secured. It is
now taken to the hank winding depart
ment and wound upon large bobbins,when
it is ready for its last wind upon thespools,
from which it is taken by the consumers
for its thousand uses of necessity and util
ity, from tying the rag on the boy’s whit
tled: and bloody finger, to the delicate
embroidery of the wedding garment.
TIIH SPOOLING DEPARTMENT.
The spooling room is a busy place, where
spools of thread of all sizes and colors by
tensof thousands are wound every day, two
hundred yards on aMpool. The self-acting
spooling machine is a marvelous piece of
mechanism. The sjiooIh are placed in an
iron gutter by the operutor, when the ma
chine picks them up, nuts them on a shaft
elghtat a time, winds the thread upon them
at the rate of three thousand revolutions
per minute, cuts a little slot in the edge of
the spool, catches the thread in it, nips it
off*, drops the spools full of thread into
boxes below,picks upeighior more empty
spools, places winds and drops them as l»e-
fore.and never makes n mistake. Ihe ma
chine,which is used in thlscountryonlybv
TheClark ThreadCoinpuny,was exhibited
by them at the Centennial,and with their
magnificent case of goods, was one of the
great a ttractions among the many wonders
of the exhibition. From the spieling de
partment, the spooled thread is taken to
THE WAHKROOM,
where tho beautiful little label contain
ing the name,number, etc., of the thread
is out on by girls. The quickest of them
will put labels on the ends of nine or ten
thousand in a dav, all of which have to he
moistened by the tongue,placed on the
spool, and then struck with the hand to
paste it. Some of these girls work about
hh quick as lightning. After ticketing,
the spools ol thread are put into boxe
of one dozen each. They are then ready
for packing. About twenty-five thousand
fret of lumber jier month is cut at the
mills, in Michigan, to the various length
required, and all that is done heie ia to
put the boxes together. A private wire
runs from the works in Newark to the
New York office, and the line is kept
busy in sending orders and transmitting
messages of the company. In the short
time we were there several large order.-
came in from different parts of the coun
try, and among them were come from
Maine, Texas, California, Wise
Oregon, etc. The Clark Thread Compa
ny sends out annually vast quantities of
snow cards, calendars,*cte., some of which
are magnificent 8|)ecimens of the litho
graphic and printer’s art.
IB THIS A FAIR COUNT?
The number of feet of draft which
one pound of cotton undergoes is one
trillion, seven hundred and seventy-two
billion, three hundred and twenty mil
lion, six hundred and thirty-five thou
sand, six hundred feet, or stated in
figures, 1.772,1120,<;:{/>,(>0<), a distance
of 335,477,582^ mile*. The follow
ing demonstrates the apparently in
credible statement : The web of cotton
from which this immense length of thread
is drawn is forty inches wide. It goes t<:
the carder, where it is drawn to 4x120
equal to 580 feet. Then thedraw ing frame
increases it to480x0, equal to 2,880; the
1 upper 2,880x2’,, equal to fi,480; the
comber draws it out to fi,480x20, equal to
108,480; then it goes to tlie first head
drawing frame, where 108,480x0 equal t<
1,010,880.
THE SECOND DRAWING FRAME
multiplies the last length by six again
making 1,010,880x0 equal to 0,005,280,
which repeated on the third drawing
frame makes a length of 0,005 280x0 equal
30,891,080. Now comes the first slubbing
frame where 30 391,080x5 isequal to 181.-
958,400; thesccond slubber 181,908,'400x 1'
equal to 818,812,800; the intermediate
slubber 181.958,400x0 equal to-l,612,870,.
800; the finishing thread winding machine
makes the total length of the thread 4,-
912,870,800x0 equal to 29,477,260,800.
Now it goes on bobbins to to the "mill”
where 29,477,260,800x91 gives us 272,
004,002,100 feet. Wc tlien multiply the
last number of feet which states the total
length of one pound of cotton drawn into
thread, by the length of the original web,
which is six and a half feet, and have
the total as stated before 272,004,002,-
400x0» feet, making a grand total of 1,
772,320,035,000 feet. The cotton, when
finished as yarn, has lx*cn doubled si
million, nine hundred and sixty-se^
en thousand, two hundred and ninety-
six times (0.907,290), in passing through
the different processes. When
yarn is made into six cord finished thread,the
above number of doublings have been inul
fiplied by six making a total of 41,807,7r
doublings. Now divide the total draft, 1
77/,327,632,000, by the total doublings,and i
the work is correct, we shall have the total
number of feet of yarn in a nouud of cotton,
which is 254,337 leet. But there has I
per cent.loss in the manufacture,whici
he added, making a total of 306,251 feet of
yarn for a pound of cotton, or 120 hanks
840 yards each, enough to reach from N
York to Trenton, n distance of sixty mile!
MACHINE ANIM'ARINRT SHOP, MOxV.U U
examination of all valves, hydrants, pomps
and other equipments take place oil the first
of each mouth, auu a minute report of tbe
exact condition, position and eflectiveneiw
of the fire service is made to the Clark
Thread Company.
THE CLARK THREAD COMPANY RELIEF SO
CIETY.
One of Ihe best and most beneficial organ
izations which constitutes n part of the sys
tem and cure of the Clark Thread Company
for their employees, is the Relief society. It
organized January K2d, 1870, for the pur
pose of providing a fund for the relief of those
who might, by accident or sickness, be In-
atpncitated from sustaining themselves. AU
the employes of the company must be mem
bers of the society,and each receive assistance
hen needed, from the fund according to
the amount paid in, which must be at least
cent per week, but no one is per
mitted to pay in an a mots', which would
f sickness, more than half
their average weekly wages. Kvery cent
paid in draws seventy-five cents per week.
The Chirk Thrend Company contributes five
dollars per week to the fund without cessa
tion, but nil others cen.se their contributions
when the unexpended balance iu the treasu
ry reaches fifteen hundred dollars. When
the fund is reduced to seven hundred dollars
payments are renewed. The payments into
the treasury avenge about nine months in
the yenr. Wc hope that this humane and
syntemath organization may find many imi
tators among the manufacturers of Newark
and throughout the country, who read this
article. The company pays interest at seven
per cent, on the money in the treasury, be
sides tin ir five dollars per week into the fund
Since iu organization one thousand three
hundred and nlne%'-seven members have
been relieved, and twenty-four deaths have
occurred in the society.* The reason that
the receipts for 1874 anil 18.6 are less than
usual is because the fund had reached the
maximum of $1,500. uud payments were
stopped. The following very interesting ta
ble shows the amount received and paid out
from 1870 to 1876 inclusive:
Receipts.
The
IMUN
rk Thrend Company do nil their
ting and lithographing at the works here,
lour print ing presses are kept running all
the tune, and iu the lithograph department
one steam press uud six or eight hand litho
graph presses arc continually employed.
In both departments the practice of the‘‘art
preservative” is in the highest style, t >rders
for the paper box department iu the on*
item of straw board are given as high
eighty to one hundred tons at a time. Iu the
machine shop a large number of men a re em
ployed in making new- machinery and keep
ing in repair the vast quantity in use in the
various departments of the works. The cab
inet factory turns out about two hundred
cabinets per day. The bobbins, etc., used in
the mill are nude here. In fact about all the
Clark Thread Company goes outside for is the
raw material. They manufacture all tliev
use, except a few ot the more intricate or
patented machines.
THE ( LARK HOSE COMPANY.
One of the best organized and equipped
fire companies in the city of Newark is the
“Clark Hose Company,“organized March! 5th
1869. There are twenty members, employees
of the factory, brave active men, trained by
frequent practice to their duty, and prou’d
of their company aud outfit. Their equip
ment is as follows: Two hose carriages with
wrenches,bars and axes, carrying seven hun-
d and fifty feet of hose on reels anti two
pipes with extra nozzles. They also com
mand nine hundred feet of hose with pipes
aud nozzles in twenty-one different stations,
and around the factory, one Cameron fire
pump, one Worthington, one Watts vt Camp
bell, and one Slake pump, one hundred aud
y-eight filled buckets in their proper
places throughout the works, sixteen hand
pumps, sprinklers iu all ihe rooms of the
cotton mill, the packing house, tbe machine
and carpenter shop and the drying rooms, j
1876..
Receipts.
..*1,712 31
.. 2,217.9.5
.. 2,123.42
. 2,381.57
859.60
53.31
Total..
Payment*.
$4,604.28
3,010.82
1,704.88
1,742.21
1,595.59
1,024.75
1,751.94
111,!
-$12,823.34
Bulauer in treasury Jan. 1,1877, $686,82.
HOW CLARK’S “ o. N. T.” SROOL COTTON
ORIGINATED.
Until within a few years, the great dillicul-
to to he overcome in the introduction of sew
ing machines, was the objection made by
manufacturers and operators iu the then pop
ular threads. These complaints were so
loud and well founded that the sale of sew
ing machines was greatly impeded on ac
count of the impossibility of obtaining a
thread adapted to their use. Mr. Cleorge A.
Clark .appreciating the difficulty,introduced
into the American market the now famous
Clark’s “O. N. T.” Hpool cotton, all numbers
being six cord, from 8 to 100, which met the
demand, did away with all complaints, and
long since established its reputation ns the
best thtead in use lor sewing machines or
hand sewing. To Mr. (icorge A.Clark belongs
the credit ol being the first to supply those
fine qualities of Six Cord Spool Cotton w ith
which his name is associated. The thread is
used and recommended by ngents of the
.Singer, Wheeler A Wilson, Grover A Baker,
Domestic, 11 owe, Florence, Weed, Wilson,
Bices,Remington, Sccor, Borne, Lathrop and
other sewing machine companies. The su
perior quality of Clark’s “ O. N. T.” Spool
Cotton soon procured for it an immense sale,
but wilh the great popularity of the goods
came also counterfeits which made it neces-
Mirv fur the manufacturers to adopt a trade
mark for their own and the public's protec-
unon every genuine spool of
their thr
Spoolt
tried the
tlie following:
nark is familiar to every mer-
il States, and all who have
n tin u
I 'lark’d
j it.
. N. T.”
» of the
I'YKKS AT THE • KNTENNJAL.
able feature of the Clark Thread
lias always been their thoughtful
lernte attention to the welfare and
Ir employees. The Centen
nial Uxnibitiou afforded an opportunity for
its practical illustration which should not
pass unnoticed in this article. Desiring to
give all their operatives an opportunity to
witness the great Inhibition at Philadelphia
of what the nation had .iccomplifllped during
the first hundred years of ita existence in in
dustry nnd art, the company planned and
carried to complete success a monster excur
sion to Philadelphia, which embraced their
fifteen hundred employees, with invited
guests, members of the press, and the mayor
and Common Council ol the City of Newark.
Some, idea of its extent may he gained when
it is known that forty-five railroad coaches
were employed for their accommodation.and
the cost for transportation, admission,enter
tainment. etc., exceeded six thousand dol
lars. But this large sum is small compared
with the unalloyed pleasure which was at'
forded the grand army of industrious people
who find employment at the Clark Thread
Company works in Newark. ’Ihe Common
Council passed and caused to be beautifully
engrassed and presented to the company, a
series of resolution from which for lack of
lii'r in.t - ni t.xim-which In r growih ami preset!-
11y !im.t .'»rr Ji-pt-ic). nnd that this jaunieipahty
BOAT (LIB AND THISTLE
The now famous crew, which came so near
winning the. prize against the world at the
Centennial International regatta last August,
is from The Clark Thread Company’s Works
principally. It has a listot thirty-five active
and about forty honorary members. It is
the champion crew of the Passaic, and lias
beaten tbe celebrated Atlantic crew of New
York. They won the first heat on Monday,
August 27th*, 1876, at Philadelphia, beating
the Dublin and Argonauta crews. On the
second day they were beaten by the cele
brated Beaverw yeks, of Albany, by only six
seconds, the Beaverwycks winning the
championship of the world on the last day,
the Newark boys of The Clark Thread Com
pany coining very close to the championship
of the world.
The Thistle Band, one of the best iu the
State, is organized from the employes of the
company and plays for all the many excur
sions and festival’s of the employees, besides
answering outside nails when made- They
accompanied ihe Eurekas lo Philadelphia,
and also the grand excursion of the em
ployees to the Centennial last venr, and al-
way play at the regattas iu which the Eure-
\as take part.
THE NEW YORK HOUSE.
At No. -400 Broadway, corner of Walker
treet. New York, is the splendid marble
building of George A. Clark A Brother, the
selling agents of The Clark Thread Comba
tive stories of their magnifi-
t place are fitted up with every facil
le two top p ogl ,j(,i e for tnfe prompt transaction of their
house, and there are thirtv-tive fire plugs or i immense business.
WK.TIXO TO AnTF.RT.SER*.
are held on the second Monday in each \\ t ,imM*im} you hmu ihctaDvrUM-nH-iu
mouth, and practice is had every two weeks. i u« ml* -v .v l .itf.