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£hc jgucmt M\sU\
N/C. O. RUSSELIi,
% Editor A Proprietor.
\ Plit. Mnritm <'<>• <it..
Tnrmsof .lilSiirllsltMl th sumo >,s tlioso oh tuli
iultml liy tho Cress Association of U„oilu for the
Country /’ress.
Jllllsfor uclvnrUslnc are ilmi on tint first niipour
licoufthi, inlvortisoiuoiit, nr wlicn piwntoil, cx
]it whrn otliorwlso oontrsetod tor.
Rate* and Rulosf or Legal Adver
tising.
Hl,.Tilt Sitin'. '■*<•'> . * *•*>
Mortustfu tl In snl.otioli levy 8.00
'lux Oullei'tor's snl.'M, en,'l, levy i.W
CiUtion tor Letters of Admlnlstratlou and
(liiardliinsliifi 4.00
Vimlir Itlou Aumliilstriitlou
‘lliurdiioiill'fe 1 Uxi emu, shiii 6.00
Am, notion hi " ,r "1 r ” *•'”>
N .lire to didißrn iml ofe.litor i 4. 00
rand sales, lt siilnro, |4, uft'li nJMltlonal... ;.<>(>
Sales of perlslttil'lod'roiioity, Mir mfvurv l!..o
Kstray untten#" Jays.. i '•• • ■ -'W
N„tlco to perleet sfvvire. , oo
ltnles 111 si to foreclose niort|tanes per Ml r 1..10
ItnlrH to establish lost papers, pur square.... it. 6o
It,lies roinpellliiß titles...... 'j-jj'J
fillles to perfeet sorvioes u, divorse eases.... 10 0,
Application for Hoineste*! J.on
All Lratal Advertisements must he paid lor in inl
"'ail'esdnilrid. ke.. by Adinliiistnit 'rs, executors
tnaliiardiiilis, are required hy law to beheld on the
I'i. stTilesdnv in tlio month, between the hours ol
..Vi til the lor'elloon and three hi the afternoon, at tho
I'm,rt Hdmm in Ibo county ill wliicli the property is
“'s'mie'us of those, sales must he given in a public ga
,.. t m tlo e'.,oity vrl.cr, the laud lies. If there be
' U " ,if there is no paper published in the county
n"i' in tile nearest if u'.eite. or the one having tlm
HWist “."reT circulaiiou in said county, 10 days
iii-rvlous ti’ Hie , . , .
I Notices for the sale of personal property m ust bo,
nlven ill like maimer tell days previous to salo day.
Notice to the debtors ot creditors nud an estate
" Notire that application will be made to the Court of
Ordinary for Leave to Sell land, Jtc.. must bo ruuiisU-
J cZtlons V for U LeU.-ro ntWlmim'dratiot,, Guardian
„■ lin.ele., must be pulilisUed 110 day- or Llsm, ~lim
i‘i tiiii Ad.iJinistrutioiit Guardianship and Axocuturainp
* "kX of Foreclosure or Mortgage must be publish
p.l monthly for four months—tor c-stabUnUiuf, lust
itapci's fur taw lull spa.-o of three mouths--lor oom
-1..5i11.* titles from Executors or A;lmiuistnitorp,
where bond has boon I'ivon by tho deceased, thflah
Amibeatuln for lb uoi dead must be published tiviec.
Pnhliiiattonh v. ill always he continued uecordmg to
these, the legal reiiuiremonts, ÜbluSß other wine oi
dtved.
Buena Vista Advertisements.
If. U. iliutdn& W. B. Hiutoli,
ATTOJKSi EEIS AT Mi A. W,
BOSNA X r XSTA. GA.
\V iirpmctice in the Courts ot this Statee
oil l tin: District l-.iul Circuit Courts of tli.
United Stated. _ tachJM-ly,
jr. X. O. Kerr,
ATTORN ET. Y AT LA W ,
mU-iNA -
Miimli 10, 1876-1 yr
MOW- iBiTET,
‘ atxouxeyat Law,
•BVKST.V VISTA, GA.
mi. E. T. MATHIS,
Uuttnn
O.ills left at my office or residence promptly
ill tended. Deeil-jy
WISDOM, M• 25.,
BUENA VISTA, GA.
my be left at my resi
,)enee ut all hours of the tlay or
night.AfiA
October Hlh, 1875.— Ty
'mu as g
IO <0 ,2jj-
Tho uiHleisignetl taltcs tuis method of in
forming tliefarmers- of Marion and adjoinin;'
counties, tiiat lie is now ready to repair Gins,
in the best manner, at the most n i-mnblt
rates and to the entire satisfaction of custo
mers. Orders left at the Annus office, or
sent to my address through the mail, will lie
iwomptly attended to. Tour patronage ro
spccUully solicited. A. C. Amass,
1 CERTIFICATE-
I eerlifyHh.it Air. A. 0. Adkins has repaired
mv "in and given entire satisfaction. I ic
c.nnmicud him to all whoso gins need repnir
i, , A. W. Davis.
REFERENCES.
}> y. .s'tevons, .1 A istory, i I Bolk, rf J
Harvey, A W Davis, J L Matthews,
ang. ‘ln- 'I os-
NEW GOODS!
MEW GOODS'
o
Just Received Ry
Lmd & Busliirt
'Which They Offer at Bottom
figures.
They will also keep a line
of Taney and Staple Gro
co "ies.
■‘ a r J 'hanking their custom
ers tv v >r past favors, they re
quest them to examine their
stock i before buying,
They give bargains,
arid no n. dstake—Try them,
■Oct. 4lii 70.
TfJ J? PITPIVTA l/TCTA 4f>l r ! TQ
lllJi 131_J Jill A. fIoJLA Altli Uo
A. %c. SUSSBIUti, Proprietor. -A.- DEMOCRATIO NEWSPAPER. Annual Subscription, $2,0 3
VOLUME 11.
(Bflmiuttuirtttiaws.
Pnriiishoil for l'ublicntioilliy Npfirinl Request
of Marion County Agriimlitiml
Sooieiy.
OATS—SOTIK REASONS WHY
B I'I.AST OATS.
My first reason for sowingoats is:
Oats are lietter food for mules in (he
Summer than; corn, the opinion of
many Marion county farmers to the
contrary, notwithstanding. Corn is
superior to oats as a fattening agent,
when the object is to fatten animals
either mutes, cows, fowls or other do
mestic animals. But when w r e wish
to feed with at view of developing
muscular strength, or to give tho
mule or horse speed, oats arc pre
ferable to corn. j. As corn is a supe -
rior food when onr object i? to fatten
animals, we feed it to hogs in pref
erence to oats, peas, or other grain.
Corn generates more heat in the an
imal system, while oats impart more
muscular strength. No racer would
think of feeding corn to Jjls horse
when he is preparing him for the
turf,[for the reasons just stated. The
Yankees feed a half ration of corn to
their horses §jand mules in winter,
from the fact their winters are se
vere, and it L; important to feed some
corn as it stimulates the animal sys
tem, imparts heat, thus enabling the
animal better to resist the cold.
No such reason exist here for feed
ing Corn to work animals. Many
will sav iust here, give me plenty' of
corn and 1 will have fat mules that
will do good work —that is true, but
if I understand the object of this club,
Or Society, wo are driving at the facts
in n-fcience to this subject, we wish
to adopt the best plans or methods.
If it is a fact, that mules will do more
work by being fed with oats than
corn, it is important that we know it,
that Wo may investigate the subject
still further.
La -t year I commenced to feed
m.y mule with oats, the loth day
of May, and fed oats exclusively
for four months. I plowed the mule
myself, had plowed it the previous
year, in fact two years previous,
and the'mule did more plowing
last year than ever before. This
spring I bought another Tennosee
mule, and put it on oats the middle
ot Alay hist, and give no other food
for four months, the mule kept in
good condition and did more plowing
than my neighbors mules. This ex
periment in connection with what 1
have read on this subject, has satis
lied me on this point. Besides 1
learn that the Thomas county farmers,
feed their work stock almost exclu
sively with oats tho year round.
A majority of our mules die under
16 years old, and a large percentage
die with colic, or other diseases in
duced by indigestion. Tins is evi
dence to my mind that we do not feed
i hem as we should. There is a barbar
ous practic in this county, with a great
many, of burning tiie poor animals’
mouths for lumpers, quite an inhu
mane practice—it shows that tiie dis-.
ease is not understood—lampeis is
the result ol indigestion or a disor
dered stomach, and not a local affec
tion, as some suppose, who use the
hot iron, This indigestion is brought
about by feeding tiie animal on hard
stimilating indigestible food. If the
corn was ground and the mule fed
with meal instead of corn a part of
the time, it would do much better.
It is a common saying among farmers
that mules do not do well here the
first year alter coming from Ken
tucky, and offer as a reason the heat
of the climnic. This appears to be a
great mistake.
BUENA. VISTA, MARION COUNTY, GA., OCTOBER 13, 1370,
| Asia is the original home df the
I mule, and a warm climate suits it
! best, the longest lived and most dur
| able mules that have ever been in
troduced here arc from the old fesli
ioned Arabian or African Jack,,' tlie
large Spanish f Jack is an improve
ment on the small Arabian Jatk in
size, but is less and arable and is short
er lived. It is a well known fact that
Georgia raised mules arc more dura
ble than Kentucky mules when "prop
mly raised. Kentucky mules are fed
with oats, grass, clover, hay, and the
like, food well suited to the digestive
powers of the mule's stomach and
the best possible food developing
muscular strength and activity.
The Georgia farmers get poscssion
of the Kentucky mule, puts him on
corn and fodder, and nearly ever
makes any change. The consequence
is, more than 75 per cent soon bc-
come confirmed dispeptic, subject to
cholic, and die a piematuro death,
ready ever living more than 1(1 years;
we seldom oversee a mnlc die with
old age for the last few years passed.
It is the food and not the climate,
that causes so many mules to brake
down and die the first year after
; coining to Georgia. Feeding mules
with corn and fodder exclusively in
summer, is just like feeding a ivhilc
man in summer, with fresh fat pork,
rich gravy, cheese, and other Highly
stimulating animal food. A man fed
thus in summer would feel dull, and
sluggish, and could not labor vi !i
one who was fed with cabbage Irish
potatoes beans, and other nutricious
vegetables and fruits. I can keep a
mule fat in,. Summer with corn and
fodder, but be is lsizy—drags along
—sweats a great deal —requires the ]
la,r-h ever and anon—his ears swing j
about like they were loose in the riv- [
et.
My second reason for sowing oats
is: It enables me to so adjust my
farm operations MS to secure a diver
sion of labor, and crops, thereby
gaining or saving time. By sowing
oats in the Fall, after tho cotioh crop
has been gathered, I can .secure the
host of food for mules cheaper than 1
call by making corn in the spring or
summer, in the month of Novem
ber labor may bo secured on better
terms than in spring and summer,
being a more leisure litnc. By j thus
taking advantage of circumstances to
sow ft or 1 acres in oats, in the Fall.
I have a crop planted and growing
in winter, that will feed my work
stock half the year, and inter
fere but little with my Spring and
summer crops. This much dope in
the fall, I have Gor 3 acres less land
lo prepare in the spring tor corn,
substituting the oats for the corn,
thus I have gained or saved that
much time. I then can employ this
time as I think best, in improving
my fencing, saving or making more
manure, in better preparing my land
for other crops, or in improving my
home, making it more comfortable
and pleasant. Or I can plant more
potatoes, peas or other side crops.
The point is, the time lias been gain
ed or saved and I can use it us I
think best, I would like to stress
this point. I trace many crop failures
to want of proper preparation of the
soil for tiie leeeption of the seed in
spring. Where a tanner plants a
sufficient amount of land in corn
to supply his demands for corn, lie is
necessarily compelled to prepare a
large breadth of land in the early
spring months, and it there should
be much vain at this season —and
there generally is—the farmer is com
pelled to plow his land when it is ex
cessively wet, or plant a part of his
! crop in a soil that has not, been prop
erly prepared. Just hero I learned
an important lesson 1 years ago. In
tho year 18Y2, I commenced to break
up my cotton land the first week in
January, the land was dry and inline
condition for plowing. I broke it by
running a common turning plow;
plowed in tlic same furrow with n
bull tongue or scooter plow; break
ing the land to thff 'depth of
inches, in this.fleld there were 7 acres
in cut no 1, and 3 acres in cut no. 2.
The first- cut was broken as above do'
scribed. Heavy packing rains com
menced tho latter part of January
and continued more than one month.
Cut no. 2 was not broken until the
last days of March—owing to the
continued rains—it was broken with
tlic same plow, but was not followed
with the scooter as I did in cut. no.
1. Several of my neighbors asked
mo it 1 did not think land plowed up
early in January, would run together
again before planting and be as hard
as ever. I confessed that I was ap
prehensive that such would be the
case, but the future developed facts,
that I was not at all prepared to an
ticipate, at that time. Cut nos. 1
and 2, were planted in cotton, and
in the subsequent cultivation of this
field, I was astonished at the differ
ence in tho two cuts. No. 1,
thoroughly broken early in January,
when the ground was dry, continued
loose and friable, and the cotton
grew off beautifully, while cut no. 2
that was not broken up until the last
days of March, was hard, cloddy, sud
the cotton was behind all the year.
Henry Hillman rode through tins
field the latter part of Tvlav. lie i
;
| passed through cut no. 2 first, then 1
[ through no. 1, the difference was so j
j great, the first thing he said to me, ]
! after coming to the house, was, “ iV.hat j
j have you done to tiiat land, that cans-;
ed my mu'e to sink so deep in t ho soil? ’ i
I said to him, “I subsoil®! it when |
it was compaiativciy dry.” The hit- j
ter part < f June, Mr. Thomas .Math
ews visited our neighborhood looking
at our llcdbone crops, and passed]
through this field, and on coming to
cut no. 2 lie said to me, “Spinks what
is tho matier with this cotton?” I said
to him, “Somehow it had been behind
all the Spring.” I mention this to
show that the difference was so mark
cd that a casual observer would no
tice it at once. This convinced me
that land thorough broken in January
when the subsoil was not thoroughly
saturated with wafer would not run
together, and become hard before
planting time, as we had more heavy
braking rains in February and March
in 18T2 than I ever saw before or
since at that season.
While ihc working of cut no. 2
showed conclusively, that although
not broken until just before planting
tim’d, it ruh-iogeiher, became hard,
cultivated' badly, and the crop did
not compare with cut. no. 1, because
the subsoil was saturated with water
when it was plowed up, although I
did not brake it, until I thought it
was sufficiently dry not to be injured.
I am acquainted with some Mari
on county planters, who proposed
last Spring to make a corn crop with
less plowing than usual. They did
not plow up the land until they com
menced to plant the seeds, and did
but little plowing in their corn until
it was laid by; at least done much
less than usual, and their crops were
fine when laid by, tho latter part of
Julie. Subsequently, 1 learned, their
crops were a, failure, at least cut off
by dry weather. They had some
' true, but the dif
NUMBER 3.
Realty was. tho land was not. proper
ly prepared in the Spring. They had
loose earth enough to make a line
sialk, but not enough to make the ear
to correspond with the stalk.
If their land had been thoroughly
broken when it was not wet, their
corn cron would have been good;
Iho drought they had wouhj have in
jured it, but little. Just hero nine
tenths of the Marion countv farmers
"make a mistake, they atrfibute to
drouth, rust ami blight, what should
be attributed to want of proper prep
aration of tho soil lor tho reception of
die seeds in Spring.
Any system of agriculture that ig
nores the improvement of the soil, is
prejudicial. In other woods, it is to
my interest to so adjust my farming
operations, to plant such crops, and
adopt such a system of rotation as
will enable me to gather a handsome
support and keep my land up to its
present productive capacity. I go
further yet, and say, that it is not on
ly to my interest, but it is ray duty to
so plant, and'so cultivate, as to make
a support and at tho same time add
to the productive capacity of tdio soil,
the opinion of the masses to the con
trary notwithstanding. I said my
duty—a duty I conceive I owe to my
children and grandchildren. It is
apparcut to my mind, to continue the
present ruinous system of farming,
that has prevailed in Georgia for
more than 50 years "past, will leave
our grand-children in possession of
worn out sedge fields as their only
inheritance. To my mind this is a
humiliating thought, and it is-a
question about which I have thought
much, in the last eight years. It is
a problem that must bo soLvod —for
one, I think, flic time lias arrived,
when as farmers and ns fathers, this
great question confronts us, and
should be investigated. I have ask
ed tho views of many planters on this
subject, their opinions are various
and conflicting. Out almost all ac
knowledge they are doing nothing in
this direction. That they arc not
plant ng with a view ot improving or
adding to the productive capacity of
their farms. The question naturally
arises just here: i Where will our
childrens’ childrens live fifty years
hence.
By sowing oats, in the Fall, I am
enabled to adopt a more judicious
system of rotation oi crops, enabling
me to so arrange tnyfarm operations
as to keep my land up to it present
productive capacity, thus keeping
my capital intact. In taking off'
grain crops from land, we necessari
ly remove a certain amount of plant
food from the soil—phosphoric acid,
potash, ammonia and other elements
of plant food; lienee in planting grain
crops after grain, for several years
in succession, we find our lands Ex-:
hnusted, at least the crop fails. lint,
by a system of rotation, I find our
lands do not become. exhausted so
soon, as ‘some crops take ranch lefs
plant food from the soil than ethers.
We find that cotton takes mbthfiig
at all, at least, when the. stalks
arc knocked down and plowed in the
land in the winter, -the land has not
lost anything by our taking oft’ tho
crop, except what has been lost by
washing. This is one great advan
tage we have over the Northern farm
er, our great staple crop when gath
ered leaves our land in as good con
dition as before, if wo cap keep it
from washing. Corn is the most ex
hausting crop wo plant, considering
the amount of profits we get in re.
turn per acre. Caiic takes
more plant food from the soil
(The Tistn
Published Every Friday.
H.VTKti OK Ni IJSt iiIJ'TIOM
JXLLIIMXIi rOsTAi.K,
< 'ns Year $2,00
Six Mon’hs 1 O.i
Throe Months 75
Always in Advance.
foimliv Produce taken wlicn SnterHrs emit
Pay Oasli
Best Advertising s/tediumin
this Section of Georgia.
than corn, at tho same time it redds
us more than 50 per cent more prof
its than corn. Oats detract almost
ns-much plant food from the s' il as
corn, yet I lo.iru by actual experi
meat, that the sncceding crop docs
Bnueb bgucr'after oats than corn. 1
may not give a satisfactory reason
for this, yet I say it is a fact, besides,
hundreds of other Georgia farmeis
say the same thing. One reason corn
injures land more th an , oat?, coni is
TiFfAved aftd hoed wjvwW times and
loses much by washing, unless the
land is level. The oats being sowed
broad cast on the land, prevent its
washing to aitrcut extent ; besides the
land is plowed but once, bcuce oats
have much the ad van: ago as regards
washing; again, the fodtler is stripped
off the corn in August, leaving tho
surface exposed to the direct ray? of
a blazing summer sun. which, iu my
humble opinion, is very injurious.
The oats being taken oil the land in
May, the grass and weeds spring up,
and protect the surface of the earth
from the effects of a summer sun to
a great extent; these two reasons I
give to show why corn injures land
more thar. oats.
By substituting oats and rye for
corn to a great extent I can better
take care of my land which is my
capital. We sec many planters go
down just here since the war. At tl o
closft of each year’s operations, they
have some available cash in tluir
pockets, feeling after all their draw
backs, from inefficient labor,
they were doing pret'y well, be
ing mffrii nil fill of the tact, this cash
was not actual profits worked out of
their land, but was a draw on the
capital stock, or land put into their
pockets unwittingly. This little
available cash has been absorbed by
expenses to run the farm; the plant
er finds himself with an old run down
plantation, that lie cannot sell, nor
will it pay him to run it any longer—
lie is flat. By growing these winter'
crops, I can raise more food crops,
and to that extent can cheapen labor;
with cheaper labor, T can grow cheap
er cotton. This is the final ultima
tum. India became our competitor
iu the cotton market during the war,
and the India crop had much to do
in reducing the price of tiie great
staple to what it now is. But since
eotton has come to 12ets., India is
rapidly switching off, and we must
force India out of the cotton market.
We can do it, and I propose to use
oats as an agent to accomplish this
end. J
ExPL.VN.moN.
To the casual reader, this article
will appear rather ‘‘thin,” consider
ing its length, and breadth. It was
not prepared for tire press, but
written with a view of being read be
fore the Agricultural Society, at its
last meeting, intending at that timo
.to fill out the “thin” parts by Suita.
blB comments and deductions. I run
this oat question, into collateral ques
tions on purpose, from the fact our
Society has just been organized;
nyain, because I wish to elicit a more
general investigation of this subject
than has been done heretofore.
H. C. Spinks.
Vanity Fair says: A certain
waiter recently left the Athemeuin
Club t.o enter the army and navy,
and being a grave person, as be
came his origin, lie was at once as
sured by ills new commander that
he would never be able to stay in
his new place, “because,” said he,
“we have such a rowdy lot of mem
bers/’ “Lord bless you,” said lie,
“you should go to tho Athemeuin
and hear them Bishops swear.
When their chops isn’t done right
their laugwidsre is awiul,”
\ J s