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Tbe war between Turkey and Russia baa
given rise to a desire cn the pert of many to
tmderstand the history of a system which has
■bad snob powerful effect on the history of the
fcystem which forms the subject of onr own
fctadit*, snd while anxious to know some-
thing of a system wbljh lus eterdsed so
powerful ad influence on a large portion of
mankind, many will he more anxoius to call
bp an Huge ot a man who bus wrought
a greater change in the condition and histo
ry of a great portion oi the world than nny
tothet mere mi t n’t Much that we vruvll like to
know on these questions is impossible, from
A want on our port of suffoieut acquaintance
with Eastern languages—yet we mast thank-
(tally acknowledge the services of that class
of scholars, whose writings take away many
of the difficulties in our path.
Before commencing the sbetoh of the life
of the Mahometan prophet ; we take this oc
casion to say th»t in Contrasting the three
great monotheistic systems, we speak only of
what may be called the orthodox belief of
Jews, Christians and Mahometans. It is in
no part the intention to discuss the genuine
ness or divine origin of the sacred books of
(be three systems. Whatever Mahomet moyi
have been to the world at large, to the people
Of his own country, he was one who taught
In the midst of a debasing idolatry that there
Is bat one God and none other} and who
, Cpako ot righteousness, temperance and
judgment to come.
tfhtf main foot in the life of Mahomet are
well authenticated facts of history. Born in
MecO, the Eirfy city of Arabia, deriving his
descent from the patriarch Abrahum,through
the line of Iibmi e’, he started in life with
hardly any possessions beyond his iUustriotiH
dlscent He betaine an orphnn at an early
age, and received os his share ot tho proper
ty of his grand-iatber, no more than five
Camels and one skive. On this account he
in early life bacr to betake himself to a calling
Which bis countrymen looked down npon,
and like the Palmist oi Israel,spent u portion
of hiB early days in tne calling ot a shepherd.
We next find him in Ihe service of a rich
Widow Kadi jab, wlicse commercial affuirs be
superintended.' At the age of twenty five
his fortune is nnde by a marriage with his
employer, and by this means becamo wealthy
and independent Until forty years of age,
Mahomet still 1 d a quiet, private life—re
markable in noth lug savo the general excel-
lence of hie life and conversation. To this
litre he joined tho rest of his countrymen in
the idolatrous worship of Mecca, which con
sists in tuvereuce for one Supreme Deity.
Combined with the worship of interior pow
ers, and especially certuin female beings who
where looked upon as the daughters of God,
He perceived now his higher calling and
oonmetoed his prophetic career A. D.608. He
a mounoes h itself the prophet of the Lord.as
• the teaches of the only true religion sent
• from God,’* sent to call hack his countrymen
to that faith of their forefathers, Abraham
and Ishmai'l. from which they had so grevi-
ously departed. Mahomet's principal doc
trine, "there is but xi.e God," is indeed the
most sublime, the most sacred truth and the
addition "Mohammed is Ins prophet," might
cither us a sincere self-delusion or a pious
fraud, in order tho more forcible to impress
his principal doctriue.be excused or justified,
had Mahomet imt lorfeiiud this indulgence
by his severit) in cs abashing nud maintain-
rag h.s prophetic dignity. At first he
preached among a few special confidants,
then publicly, in the taraily of HuscUem, of
which he was a member, nud finally before
all the people and wherever he found liear-
vw. Ills annunciations ate given iu a bold
er uud more absolute tone, than these of any
other ambassador ot God. He preaches not
only divine doctrines, i bat also the words of
the Omnipotent. They are no longer to give
God cotupuuion or interior powers of any
kind, God is the Lord t»f the material and
moral world, aud is id. ne to be worshiped—
moral virtues uro to be practised and barba
rous customs cast aside. God wiU judge all
mankiud at the lust day,and will award them
acoordidg to their deeds in this life, either
everlasting happiness or everlasting punish
ment Tho first advances of tho prophet
were slow and difficult. He hud to war with
prejudices, fanaticism, euyy and party hat
red. During turee years he gained only
lonrteen followers, the most prominent. ol
whom were his wife and others of hit imme
diate family. This limited number, howey-
* er, uro those whose adlierenco wpb the best
witness to his personal character. After tha
death of Abu Taleb. the ruler of the tribe ot
Korelsh, the government was given to one
who impelled by undent family hatred to
the family of the prophet indnoed the chief
of the Korcischites to pronounce tho deoree
ot death on Mahomet. "One sword from
each tribe as a mark of natiounl vengeance,
was to be thrust in his neart."
lly the fidelity of some of his converts, ho
saved himself by flight, and from thb date of
bis flight (July 1G, G22 the commencement
of tile tlegria) in tdxteeu days arrived at Me
dium—tho city of tho book—the dtizens of
which, haviug devoted themselves before this
to the God of Mahomet, received him now
with loud rejoicing. These with the fugu-
fves from Mecca formed the first jiving germ
6t Mubonitts empire, and Islam (this is the
pollution of the prophets religion) and its
leundu now take their place la the history
-ol the world.
The peaeeiul prtuaher changes into tne til-
h;f *udeo»(pierer, the teaching of (alth and
righteousness change* into legislation perma
nent needed for the uowboru commonwealth.
This was developed and matured within teu
X
years to a majestic tree which overshaded all
Arabia. Mahomet died in the 63rd year of
his age and in tho tenth of his expulsion
from Mecca. At hit death the greater part
of tho tribes foil away. They are wou book
by the wisdom of his suooesMr and the sword
ol Omar. Such in brief were the main events
in the life of the prophet, and we now pass
to n consideration of his teachings, and in
contrast to the two religions systems that had
gone bofore his own. Each of tne three sys
tems. Judaism, Christianity, and Isalam,
claims aooordiug to the reoog nixed belief of
their follow trs, to be the work of a personal
founder. At first it would seem that Moses
stands towards Judaism In the same relation
in which Mahomet stands to Isaiam. In
both cases the prophet is eminently the
prophet of fab own nntiou. In both we find
each proclaiming himself ns a divinely com
missioned giver of a new law, and so leads
the diciples of that law to a political conquest.
It wlU be observed however that there are
wide points of difference in the two casts
In the history of Moses the political and re
ligions elements ore throughout intermingled,
bnt in its Listorieal aspect, the political comes
beiore the religious, Moses is not charged
with the first revelation of a new lnltb, or
even with revival of a faith long since forgot-
Ha aots from the first nndcr a divine
commission, the first duty of which is to work
the political deliverance ot his people from
bondage.
It is not till after that deliverance has been
accomplished, that he delivers his code of 1
laws, moral, civil and ritual, the first work
of Moses is the foundation of a common
wealth, and foT that he legislates both iu to-
llgious aud temporal matters, only bo far ns
his people had daring tlidr bondage fallen
away from the faith of Abrohum, is Moses a
theological teacher. Ue is then primarily a
law-giver, secondarily the prophet of a new
or revived creed. His civil and canon law
has influenced the laws and morals of all
ohrisUon and suauy non-olirisiiaa nation*,
but it was to one particular people alone that
it was direotly addressed, on them alone was
it directly binding. All the regulationb oi
Moees wero directed to one grand ob
ject, the independent and bounrubie dist
ance of his people in tho reconquered country
of their fathers, this explains tho severity with
which he treated the Canuanites.
The principal doctrine cf Mahomet men
tioned above. Thorois but one God, and
Mohammed la his prophet, is skillfully inter
woven with the fsltb of ihe Jews and Chris
tians, and is represented as its perfect crown.
Mahomet comes us one sent to revive ihu
faith of Abraham, and he too beoomea the
fouuder and law-giver of a commonwealth.
But he (titters from Moses, In that his prima
ry chnroct* r is that of the preacher of a new
revelation, Ids character as a rater aud law
giver, is secondary bom in time aud idea.
He is to stand forth as the preacher of truth
and righteosness among an alieady settled
community, he is not sent to deliver an op
pressed nation from bondage, bnt his mission
is directly addressed to all mankind, first as
peaceful preacher, then as the conqueror,
enforcing his teaching with the sword, his
message is in both stages addressed to all who
may come within the reuch of his persuasion
or hn compulsion—unlike the nu-ssage of
Moses—there is no nation whom it is his mis
sion tu sweep from the earth without so maoh
us the alternative of submission or tribute,
where submission and conversion are alike,
refbsed war with the Infidel can aover
it would rcip’iire all mandkind lobe Members
of bbe political sooiety. and the revelation cf
IU origuttl prophet to be received as the rale
of religious faith and practice, and as the
groundwork of the whole civil jurisprudence
ot those who accept its teaching. -
The Koran whloh contains the revolation
of Islam is the work of its founder. It pro
claims itself as the word of God not written
by the hand of Mahomet, bnt taken from his{
moath ; ahd ntMig save his nttumuoes taken
down in his lifetime, docs the Mahometan
accept as divine authority. The Jewish law
oomea to us in another shape, a code incor
porated In a history,a history whloh orthodox
belief looks on as an autobiogruphy. The
bookR of the Christ inn revelation arc bio
graphical and are not the writings of its
founder, but records of his lifo and of his dis
courses, an J the actual discourses ,of Christ
form but a portion of the writings which Un
christian accepts as tho sacred hooks of his
frith, Crux.
TOBB CONTINUED.
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Christianity like Islamism, is a teaching
addressed to all the world and not to
linn alone, whllu the earliest records oi Juda
ism ureBilent os to Ihe duty,or destiny of men
beyond the paie, Christianity nud Islam alike
announce themselves as the one truth, as the
only way or salvation, as the one means of
fered to the whole human race as the way to
happiness In another. Ufa Of those silent
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eatth, Uumtsm knew nothing. To spiritual
toachiug Christianity unlike either Judaism
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civil power it has even been forced upon un
willing people at tne swords point, but when
this has happened, the appeal to the dvi
arm has been something purely inddental
while in the creed of Islam suoh an appeal is
impressed us the first of religious duties.
Thus of the three monotheistic systems
given the world—Judaism predaims itself
a» the divinity-given code ol a single nation
whloh does not refuse converts, hut which,
docs not seek them.
Christianity proclaims itself as a divine-
given system of frith and morals : the scat
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among the nations of tho earth, the most
boutiful flowers of humanity tho most excel
lent fruits ot knowledge and virtue.
Islamism also proclaims itself as a divinely
given system of frith and morals, and like
Christianity addressed to alt mankind, bnt
unliko Christianity is not content to make
its way amcngimmkhid by moral forces only,
tt)d dors uot leave political affairs ns it finds
them, but proclaims itself as a system to bo
cu'orcod by Uie sword. In its perfect theory
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Allunlu, Go.
Wahiiinotow, 1>. a, 24, im.
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' GKO. If. II. WHITET
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MURDER WILL OUT*
_ hiw years ago "Auguat Flow it” was din*
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